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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland"> <div 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Czech_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czech_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Czech Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czech_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slovakia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovakia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Slovakia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slovakia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.14</span> <span>Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Past_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Past_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Past use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Past_use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Past use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Past_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cancelled_orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancelled_orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cancelled orders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cancelled_orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pendolino</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Пендолино – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пендолино" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pendolino" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pendolino" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pendolino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendolino_de_Fiat_Ferroviaria" title="Pendolino de Fiat Ferroviaria – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pendolino de Fiat Ferroviaria" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pendolino" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%9C%EB%8F%8C%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8" title="펜돌리노 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="펜돌리노" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pendolino" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pendolino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Pendolino" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pendolino" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pendolino" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pendolino" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8E" title="ペンドリーノ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペンドリーノ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pendolino" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pendolino" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pendolino" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Пендолино – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пендолино" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pendolino" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pendolino" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Пендолино – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пендолино" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pendolino" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pendolino" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Пендоліно – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пендоліно" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%BA" title="潘多利诺 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="潘多利诺" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3757636#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pendolino" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Pendolino" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Italian family of tilting trains</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trenitalia_ETR_600_02_FR_8527_Brescia_20230320.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Trenitalia_ETR_600_02_FR_8527_Brescia_20230320.jpg/220px-Trenitalia_ETR_600_02_FR_8527_Brescia_20230320.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Trenitalia_ETR_600_02_FR_8527_Brescia_20230320.jpg/330px-Trenitalia_ETR_600_02_FR_8527_Brescia_20230320.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Trenitalia_ETR_600_02_FR_8527_Brescia_20230320.jpg/440px-Trenitalia_ETR_600_02_FR_8527_Brescia_20230320.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>An ETR 600 high-speed train, operated by <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a> in 2023</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pendolino</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> <i>pendolo</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ˈpɛndolo]</a></span> "<a href="/wiki/Pendulum" title="Pendulum">pendulum</a>", and <i>-ino,</i> a diminutive suffix) is an Italian family of high-speed <a href="/wiki/Tilting_train" title="Tilting train">tilting trains</a> (and non-tilting) used in Italy, Spain, Germany, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Finland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia (Czech railways are operating), the UK, the US, Switzerland, China, and Greece. It was also used in Russia from December 12, 2010 until March 26, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on the design of the Italian ETR 401 (itself utilising technologies developed for the <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_APT-E" title="British Rail APT-E">British Rail APT-E</a>), it was further developed and manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Fiat_Ferroviaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiat Ferroviaria">Fiat Ferroviaria</a>, which was taken over by <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a> in 2000. </p><p>The idea of a tilting train became popular in the 1960s and 1970s, when various rail operators, impressed by the <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</a> services being introduced in France and Japan, wondered how they could similarly speed up travel without building a dedicated parallel rail network (as those two countries were doing). By tilting, the train could go around <a href="/wiki/Minimum_railway_curve_radius" title="Minimum railway curve radius">curves</a> designed for slower trains at higher speeds without causing undue discomfort to passengers. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_use">Current use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Current use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pendolino" title="Special:EditPage/Pendolino">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ETR450.06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/ETR450.06.jpg/220px-ETR450.06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/ETR450.06.jpg/330px-ETR450.06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/ETR450.06.jpg/440px-ETR450.06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_450" title="FS Class ETR 450">ETR 450</a> was the first production Pendolino train, in service from 1988 to 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>In Italy, various possibilities were explored (including one early design for fixed carriages with tilting seats). A number of prototypes were built and tested, including an <i>automotrice</i> (self-propelled) derived from <a href="/wiki/ALn_668" class="mw-redirect" title="ALn 668">ALn 668</a> diesel car and provided with tilting seats. The first working prototype using a tilting carbody was ETR Y 0160, an electrically powered car launched by <a href="/wiki/Alstom_Ferroviaria" title="Alstom Ferroviaria">Fiat</a> in 1969. This was the first to be christened <i>Pendolino</i>. </p><p>It led to the construction of a whole <a href="/wiki/Electric_multiple_unit" title="Electric multiple unit">EMU</a> in 1975, the ETR 401, built in two units by FIAT. One was put into public service on 2 July 1976 on the Rome-<a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a> (later extended to <a href="/wiki/Rimini" title="Rimini">Rimini</a>) line, operated by <a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrovie dello Stato">Italian State Railways</a>. Between Roma and Ancona (km. 295) the train took 2 hours and 50 minutes while the ordinary trains took 3 hours and 30 minutes. The train had four cars and was mostly considered a travelling laboratory for the new technology. The second unit was adapted for service to the broad gauge <a href="/wiki/Renfe" title="Renfe">Renfe</a> Spanish lines. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rome_Termini_Frecciargento_ETR_485_40_uit_Bolzano_(35089300233).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Rome_Termini_Frecciargento_ETR_485_40_uit_Bolzano_%2835089300233%29.jpg/220px-Rome_Termini_Frecciargento_ETR_485_40_uit_Bolzano_%2835089300233%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Rome_Termini_Frecciargento_ETR_485_40_uit_Bolzano_%2835089300233%29.jpg/330px-Rome_Termini_Frecciargento_ETR_485_40_uit_Bolzano_%2835089300233%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Rome_Termini_Frecciargento_ETR_485_40_uit_Bolzano_%2835089300233%29.jpg/440px-Rome_Termini_Frecciargento_ETR_485_40_uit_Bolzano_%2835089300233%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5981" data-file-height="3363" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_480#FS_Class_485" title="FS Class ETR 480">ETR 485</a> at <a href="/wiki/Roma_Termini_railway_station" title="Roma Termini railway station">Roma Termini railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1982, FS retired the ETR 401 from service, due to high maintenance cost, and FIAT transformed it in a train-laboratory, to test the parts for the successor of the ETR 401, <a href="/wiki/ETR_450" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 450">ETR 450</a>. After 1988, the trainset went around Europe to demonstrate the greatness of the tilting revolutionary technology and between 1994 and 2001 it was utilised as a charter train. In 2001 the ETR 401 was put aside in Ancona and since 2013, to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the first official pendolino service, it has been partly restored. </p><p>On 29 May 1988, the ETR 450 became the first pendolino to enter in a high-speed regular service in the world. The project of the new train was similar to its predecessor, utilising many electronic parts, such as the chopper and the automatic gear. </p><p>Characterized by a nine-car configuration, the 15 ETR 450 trainsets could run the Rome-Milan line in under four hours, at speeds up to 250 km/h (160 mph), with a comfort level same as the best TEE's cars at the speed of 180–200 km/h (110–120 mph). Passenger numbers increased from 220,000 in 1988 to 2.2<span class="nowrap"> </span>million in 1993. </p><p>In 1994, the next generation, the <a href="/wiki/ETR_460" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 460">ETR 460</a>, styled by <a href="/wiki/Giorgetto_Giugiaro" title="Giorgetto Giugiaro">Giorgetto Giugiaro</a>, began service. Though plagued by technical teething problems, the ETR 460 introduced several innovations, such as more powerful AC asynchronous motors. Further, the pistons actuating the anti-tilting action were placed in the bogie instead of on the carbody sides: this permitted the reorganisation of the vestibules and passenger compartment areas, improving comfort. The bogie-to-body connection is extremely simple and easy to make, with clear advantages for maintenance. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freccia_Bianca_Pendolino_units_at_Sapri_forming_Rome-ReggioCalabria_Up_%26_Down_workings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Freccia_Bianca_Pendolino_units_at_Sapri_forming_Rome-ReggioCalabria_Up_%26_Down_workings.jpg/220px-Freccia_Bianca_Pendolino_units_at_Sapri_forming_Rome-ReggioCalabria_Up_%26_Down_workings.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Freccia_Bianca_Pendolino_units_at_Sapri_forming_Rome-ReggioCalabria_Up_%26_Down_workings.jpg/330px-Freccia_Bianca_Pendolino_units_at_Sapri_forming_Rome-ReggioCalabria_Up_%26_Down_workings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Freccia_Bianca_Pendolino_units_at_Sapri_forming_Rome-ReggioCalabria_Up_%26_Down_workings.jpg/440px-Freccia_Bianca_Pendolino_units_at_Sapri_forming_Rome-ReggioCalabria_Up_%26_Down_workings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4684" data-file-height="2633" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_460" title="FS Class ETR 460">ETR 460</a> of Trenitalia at <a href="/wiki/Sapri" title="Sapri">Sapri</a></figcaption></figure> <p>ETR 460 keeps axle load to an extremely low level (14.5<span class="nowrap"> </span>ton/axle) to allow the train to negotiate curves up to 35% faster than conventional intercity trains (loco plus coaches). The body, which exploits large <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> <a href="/wiki/Extrusion" title="Extrusion">extrusion</a> technology, has substantial modularity and allows for extremely low axle weight, whilst fully respecting the highest safety standards, and allows the best exploitation of the space with different loading gauges. </p><p>Fiat Ferroviaria built only ten ETR 460 trainsets. Improved versions include nine <a href="/wiki/ETR_470" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 470">ETR 470</a> built for the Italo-Swiss Cisalpino company and 15 <a href="/wiki/ETR_480" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 480">ETR 480</a> / 485 used by <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a> under AC lines such as those in France and Switzerland. A total of 34 EMUs of the ETR 460/470/480 - 485 series were built. </p><p>Fiat Ferroviaria was sold to <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a> in 2000. The development of the Pendolino technology continued in Alstom's Italian factories and the next generation, the <a href="/wiki/New_Pendolino" title="New Pendolino">New Pendolino</a>, was delivered to Trenitalia and Cisalpino, as the <a href="/wiki/ETR_600" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 600">ETR 600</a> and the <a href="/wiki/ETR_610" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 610">ETR 610</a>, from 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even before the first Pendolino EMU was built in Italy, in 1972, Fiat and <a href="/wiki/Renfe" title="Renfe">Renfe</a> signed an agreement for cooperation in tilting-train development. The first fruit of the cooperation was the equipment of a Renfe Class 432 EMU with the active tilting suspension in September 1972. After successful tests, Spanish trainmaker <a href="/wiki/Construcciones_y_Auxiliar_de_Ferrocarriles" title="Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles">CAF</a> and Fiat built a prototype similar to the ETR 401, which was delivered in 1976 as <b>Renfe Class 443</b>, nicknamed <i>Platanito</i> (Little banana) for its yellow livery. The four-car train had a commercial top speed of 180 km/h (110 mph) and achieved a then speed record for Spain of 206 km/h (128 mph) on 6 May 1987. However, the train remained a unique specimen, as Renfe favoured the entirely domestic <a href="/wiki/Talgo" title="Talgo">Talgo</a> Pendular, a tilting train with passive suspension introduced in 1980. After revenue service in 1979–1982, the train was used for charter and test runs.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AL04490Silla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AL04490Silla.jpg/220px-AL04490Silla.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AL04490Silla.jpg/330px-AL04490Silla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AL04490Silla.jpg/440px-AL04490Silla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="1888" /></a><figcaption>An Alaris train set from <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Atocha_railway_station" title="Madrid Atocha railway station">Atocha</a> station in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> for <a href="/wiki/Silla,_Valencia" class="mw-redirect" title="Silla, Valencia">Silla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valencia" title="Province of Valencia">Valencia</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Two decades later, to speed up services along its Madrid-Valencia conventional line, Renfe ordered ten Pendolini in 1996. The trains, based on the <a href="/wiki/ETR_460" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 460">ETR 460</a> and <a href="/wiki/ETR_470" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 470">ETR 470</a>, were delivered by a joint consortium of Fiat Ferroviaria and GEC-Alsthom from 1998 as <a href="/wiki/Renfe_Class_490" title="Renfe Class 490">Renfe Class 490</a>. The three-car trains are suited for 220 km/h (140 mph) on Renfe's conventional lines electrified with 3 kV DC. The Class 490 took up the new Madrid-Valencia <a href="/wiki/Alaris" title="Alaris">Alaris</a> services in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With growing demand, the capacity of the Class 490 was no longer sufficient, and from February 2008, the trains were transferred to the Corredor Mediterráneo line between <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Serie_114_de_Renfe_en_Valladolid-Campo_Grande.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Serie_114_de_Renfe_en_Valladolid-Campo_Grande.jpg/225px-Serie_114_de_Renfe_en_Valladolid-Campo_Grande.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Serie_114_de_Renfe_en_Valladolid-Campo_Grande.jpg/338px-Serie_114_de_Renfe_en_Valladolid-Campo_Grande.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Serie_114_de_Renfe_en_Valladolid-Campo_Grande.jpg/450px-Serie_114_de_Renfe_en_Valladolid-Campo_Grande.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2481" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>An Avant S-114 train set in <a href="/wiki/Valladolid-Campo_Grande_railway_station" title="Valladolid-Campo Grande railway station">Valladolid-Campo Grande</a> station</figcaption></figure> <p>For medium-distance services along its high-speed lines, Renfe ordered a non-tilting variant of the Pendolino, based on the <a href="/wiki/ETR_480" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 480">ETR 480</a>, in 2001. The 20 four-car trains with a service top speed of 250 km/h (160 mph) were built jointly by Alstom and CAF and delivered as the <b>Renfe Class 104</b>. Renfe deployed them for the new <a href="/wiki/AVE" title="AVE">Avant</a> services along the <a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Seville_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line">Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line</a>, starting 29 December 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Renfe ordered another 30 non-tilting medium-distance high-speed trains from Alstom/CAF in a follow-on order,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was later reduced to 13 units. However, these trains are based on the <a href="/wiki/New_Pendolino" title="New Pendolino">New Pendolino</a> design. The first train of the new class designated <b>Renfe Class 114</b> was presented in autumn 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of them are used in services along the <a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Asturias_high-speed_rail_line" title="Madrid–Asturias high-speed rail line">Madrid–Valladolid high-speed</a> line. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/ICE_T" title="ICE T">ICE T</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ICE-T_Neigung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/ICE-T_Neigung.jpg/220px-ICE-T_Neigung.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/ICE-T_Neigung.jpg/330px-ICE-T_Neigung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/ICE-T_Neigung.jpg/440px-ICE-T_Neigung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption>ICE T in curve</figcaption></figure> <p>The West German federal railways <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundesbahn" title="Deutsche Bundesbahn">DB</a> experimented with tilting technology in the 1970s, but abandoned it. Then in 1987, DB commissioned a study on whether electrification or purchasing diesel tilting trains would be the better option for the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>-Hof line, and decided for the latter. In 1988, DB ordered ten tilting DMUs, and another ten in 1990. All 20 trains of the new <a href="/wiki/DB_Class_610" title="DB Class 610">DB Class 610</a> were delivered in 1992. The two-car trains with a top speed of 160 km/h (99 mph) were produced by a consortium of five German companies and Fiat Ferroviaria.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fiat supplied the bogies, the hydraulic tilting suspension, and the other parts of the tilting technology, thus the trains could be called <i>Pendolino</i> (a Fiat trademarked brand name).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a> ordered more regional and express tilting DMUs with other technology (class 611 and <a href="/wiki/RegioSwinger" class="mw-redirect" title="RegioSwinger">class 612</a>: Adtranz/Bombardier, <a href="/wiki/ICE_TD" title="ICE TD">ICE TD</a>/class 605: Siemens<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). However, for the 230 km/h (140 mph) electric <b>ICE T</b> trains ordered in 1994 for service on conventional lines, Pendolino technology was chosen again. Fiat (Alstom) supplied the bogies and tilting technology for the 32 seven-car class 411 and 11 five-car class 415 express trains that entered service from 1999. In 2002, DB placed another order for slightly modified class 411 trains, Alstom Ferroviaria was again supplier of bogies and tilt technology when the 28 trains were delivered from 2004 to 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switzerland">Switzerland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Switzerland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zugsausfahrt_GBT_S%C3%BCd-Portal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Zugsausfahrt_GBT_S%C3%BCd-Portal.jpg/220px-Zugsausfahrt_GBT_S%C3%BCd-Portal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Zugsausfahrt_GBT_S%C3%BCd-Portal.jpg/330px-Zugsausfahrt_GBT_S%C3%BCd-Portal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Zugsausfahrt_GBT_S%C3%BCd-Portal.jpg/440px-Zugsausfahrt_GBT_S%C3%BCd-Portal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="953" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption>SBB ETR 610 at the <a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Base_Tunnel" title="Gotthard Base Tunnel">Gotthard Base Tunnel</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Since the failure of <a href="/wiki/Cisalpino" title="Cisalpino">Cisalpino</a>, a joint venture between the Italian <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Railways" title="Swiss Federal Railways">Swiss Federal Railways</a> (SBB), the Pendolinos used for transalpine transport between Switzerland and Italy, on the <a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Pass" title="Gotthard Pass">Gotthard</a> and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6tschberg" title="Lötschberg">Lötschberg</a> axis routes, were split between Trenitalia (five <a href="/wiki/ETR_470" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 470">ETR 470</a> and seven <a href="/wiki/ETR_610" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 610">ETR 610</a>) and SBB (four ETR 470 and seven ETR 610). The low reliability of the timetable and of the ETR 470 has led SBB and Trenitalia to always have a reserve train ready at each terminus of the <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>-<a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> route. </p><p>In 2012, SBB ordered eight new ETR 610 with delivery in 2015 to be operated on the Milan - <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> and Milan - Zürich routes.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland">Finland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Finland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Sm3_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Green_Sm3_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4.jpg/220px-Green_Sm3_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Green_Sm3_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4.jpg/330px-Green_Sm3_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Green_Sm3_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4.jpg/440px-Green_Sm3_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3093" data-file-height="2062" /></a><figcaption>An Sm3 class Pendolino arrives at <a href="/wiki/Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyväskylä railway station">Jyväskylä railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sm3" title="VR Class Sm3">VR Class Sm3</a></div> <p>The Finnish model, the class Sm3, is based on the <a href="/wiki/ETR_460" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 460">ETR 460</a> but was adapted to the specific requirements of <a href="/wiki/VR_Group" title="VR Group">VR Group</a> (formerly the Finnish State Railways) and to the cold climatic conditions. The first two units were assembled in 1995 by <a href="/wiki/Rautaruukki" title="Rautaruukki">Rautaruukki</a>-<a href="/wiki/Transtech_Oy" class="mw-redirect" title="Transtech Oy">Transtech</a>. A total of sixteen additional units were purchased from Alstom and shipped to Finland between 2000 and 2006. Sm3 trains operate from Helsinki to the cities of <a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4" title="Jyväskylä">Jyväskylä</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kouvola" title="Kouvola">Kouvola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joensuu" title="Joensuu">Joensuu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vaasa" title="Vaasa">Vaasa</a>. </p><p>The trains are composed of six carriages. Four cars are fitted with two asynchronous three-phase AC motors (one for each bogie); two are unpowered but are fitted with pantographs. One of these coaches is a restaurant carriage. The motors deliver a continuous power of 4,000 kW (5,400 hp) and propel the train at a maximum speed of 220 km/h (140 mph). </p><p>The Sm3 has received a lot of bad publicity in Finland for its reliability issues, mostly caused by technical problems in cold weather<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the tilting system and couplers. VR has tried to mitigate the problem by coupling trains only at termini instead of intermediate stations and switching the tilting system off during winter. The trains were expected to receive significant maintenance between 2012 and 2014, to improve reliability of couplers and the tilting system.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal">Portugal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Pendular" title="Alfa Pendular">Alfa Pendular</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfa_Pendular_New_Livery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Alfa_Pendular_New_Livery.jpg/220px-Alfa_Pendular_New_Livery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Alfa_Pendular_New_Livery.jpg/330px-Alfa_Pendular_New_Livery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Alfa_Pendular_New_Livery.jpg/440px-Alfa_Pendular_New_Livery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4656" data-file-height="2620" /></a><figcaption>Alfa Pendular in Lisbon</figcaption></figure> <p>In Portugal the Pendolino is named <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Pendular" title="Alfa Pendular">Alfa Pendular</a> and is operated by the Portuguese state railway company <a href="/wiki/Comboios_de_Portugal" title="Comboios de Portugal">CP</a>. It connects the cities of Guimarães, Braga, Porto, Aveiro, Coimbra, Santarém, Lisbon, Albufeira and Faro, among others, and has a top speed of 220 km/h (140 mph). The bogies had to be redesigned for operation on Portugal's <a href="/wiki/Broad_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad gauge">broad gauge</a> track, and the trains were assembled by <a href="/wiki/Adtranz" title="Adtranz">Adtranz</a> Portugal at the Amadora plant (former <a href="/wiki/Sorefame" title="Sorefame">Sorefame</a>). Main contractor was <a href="/wiki/Fiat_Ferroviaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiat Ferroviaria">Fiat Ferroviaria</a> later acquired by <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a> with two main subcontractors <a href="/wiki/Adtranz" title="Adtranz">Adtranz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> that was responsible for the traction and train control. </p><p>Ten six-car train sets were produced between 1998 and 2001, with commercial operation from early 1999. Based on the ETR 460 the Portuguese Pendolino differs mainly from its predecessor from the carbody width that takes advantage of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian gauge">Iberian gauge</a> <a href="/wiki/Iberian_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian gauge"><span class="nowrap">1,668 mm</span></a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="nowrap">5 ft <span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">21</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slovenia">Slovenia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Slovenia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/S%C5%BD_series_310" title="SŽ series 310">SŽ series 310</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slovenian_Pendolino_at_Zidani_Most.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Slovenian_Pendolino_at_Zidani_Most.jpg/220px-Slovenian_Pendolino_at_Zidani_Most.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Slovenian_Pendolino_at_Zidani_Most.jpg/330px-Slovenian_Pendolino_at_Zidani_Most.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Slovenian_Pendolino_at_Zidani_Most.jpg/440px-Slovenian_Pendolino_at_Zidani_Most.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>SŽ 310 operated by Slovenske Železnice at <a href="/wiki/Zidani_Most_railway_station" title="Zidani Most railway station">Zidani Most</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Railways" title="Slovenian Railways">Slovenian Railways</a> ordered three Pendolino tilting trains for its main lines. The three-car trains, delivered as <a href="/wiki/S%C5%BD_series_310" title="SŽ series 310">SŽ series 310</a>, were derived from the <a href="/wiki/ETR_460" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 460">ETR 460</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SZhistory_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SZhistory-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The series 310 can reach a maximum speed of 200 km/h (120 mph), but in revenue service on the Slovenian railway network, the maximum it reaches is 160 km/h (99 mph) between <a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pragersko" title="Pragersko">Pragersko</a> stations, as well as between <a href="/wiki/Grobelno,_Slovenia" title="Grobelno, Slovenia">Grobelno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celje" title="Celje">Celje</a> stations. </p><p>Since 24 September 2000,<sup id="cite_ref-SZhistory_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SZhistory-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the series 310 runs the InterCitySlovenija (ICS) service, linking the major cities of Slovenia in one line: <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana_railway_station" title="Ljubljana railway station">Ljubljana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zidani_Most_railway_station" title="Zidani Most railway station">Zidani Most</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celje_railway_station" title="Celje railway station">Celje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maribor_railway_station" title="Maribor railway station">Maribor</a>, with a frequent service that acts as a high-speed shuttle.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until April 2008, once per day the route from Maribor to Ljubljana was extended as international train to <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> via <a href="/wiki/Monfalcone" title="Monfalcone">Monfalcone</a> serving <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>. </p><p>Train offers 1st and 2nd class and on-board bar. 1st Class offers leather seats in 1-2 configuration, 220 V Power Outlet (all seats), Wi-Fi, electric blind, recline (By moving lower part forward you may recline by 15"), every seat has a table which can be extended to (100 cm x 80 cm) for business meetings or eating, air conditioning outlet, reading light and wider seats (20 cm). 2nd Class offers plush seats in 2-2 configuration, 220 V power outlet (Some seats), Wi-Fi, electric blinds, foot rest (most seats), most have a tray table and some have a conference table which can extend to (100 cm x 80 cm) for working or eating, air conditioning outlet and a reading light. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:390029_%27City_of_Stoke-on-Trent%27_at_Birmingham_New_Street.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/390029_%27City_of_Stoke-on-Trent%27_at_Birmingham_New_Street.JPG/220px-390029_%27City_of_Stoke-on-Trent%27_at_Birmingham_New_Street.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/390029_%27City_of_Stoke-on-Trent%27_at_Birmingham_New_Street.JPG/330px-390029_%27City_of_Stoke-on-Trent%27_at_Birmingham_New_Street.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/390029_%27City_of_Stoke-on-Trent%27_at_Birmingham_New_Street.JPG/440px-390029_%27City_of_Stoke-on-Trent%27_at_Birmingham_New_Street.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_390" title="British Rail Class 390">Class 390 Alstom Pendolino</a> at <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_New_Street_railway_station" title="Birmingham New Street railway station">Birmingham New Street</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_390" title="British Rail Class 390">British Rail Class 390</a></div> <p>In 1999, 53 Class 390 <i>Pendolinos</i> were ordered by <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Trains_West_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Trains West Coast">Virgin Trains West Coast</a> to operate services on the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Main_Line" title="West Coast Main Line">West Coast Main Line</a> in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All were built by Alstom with the body shells built at its <a href="/wiki/Savigliano" title="Savigliano">Savigliano</a> factory in Italy and fitted out at its former <a href="/wiki/Metro-Cammell" title="Metro-Cammell">Metro-Cammell</a> factory in <a href="/wiki/Washwood_Heath" title="Washwood Heath">Washwood Heath</a> in Birmingham, England.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Owing to cutbacks by <a href="/wiki/Railtrack" title="Railtrack">Railtrack</a> to the West Coast Main Line upgrade to provide <a href="/wiki/Cab_signalling" title="Cab signalling">in-cab signalling</a>, these are limited in service to 125 mph or 201 km/h operation rather than their 140 mph or 230 km/h design speed.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Transport" title="Department for Transport">Department for Transport</a> announced that 31 of the existing nine-car sets would be lengthened to 11 cars to increase capacity. Four new 11-car sets were also to be built.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The longer units required major infrastructure changes to allow stations and depots to accommodate the 11-car units.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the closure of the Washwood Heath works, the additional vehicles were manufactured at Savigliano.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first new sets were built with 11 cars and delivered in December 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lengthening project was completed in December 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 1980s, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail" title="British Rail">British Rail</a> had planned to bring tilting train technology to the same line with the <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_370" title="British Rail Class 370">Class 370 <i>Advanced Passenger Train</i></a> project. Technical problems caused by pressure to launch the service early and lack of the political will to provide sufficient funding to overcome them forced the abandonment of this early attempt, although much of the technology was used to design and build Pendolino trains.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 February 2007, a Virgin Trains Pendolino train derailed in the <a href="/wiki/Grayrigg_rail_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="Grayrigg rail crash">Grayrigg rail crash</a>, Virgin chairman <a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a> credited the robust construction of the Pendolino with saving lives in the crash.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although only some carriages were damaged, the damage was beyond economical repair and the set was written off.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All remaining 56 sets passed to <a href="/wiki/Avanti_West_Coast" title="Avanti West Coast">Avanti West Coast</a> with the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Partnership" title="West Coast Partnership">West Coast Partnership</a> franchise in December 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Czech_Republic">Czech Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Czech Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pendolino_at_Ostrava_hl.n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pendolino_at_Ostrava_hl.n.jpg/220px-Pendolino_at_Ostrava_hl.n.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pendolino_at_Ostrava_hl.n.jpg/330px-Pendolino_at_Ostrava_hl.n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pendolino_at_Ostrava_hl.n.jpg/440px-Pendolino_at_Ostrava_hl.n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>ČD class 680 Pendolino departing <a href="/wiki/Ostrava_main_railway_station" title="Ostrava main railway station">Ostrava main railway station</a>, on a service to <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a>, Slovakia.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/%C4%8CD_Class_680" title="ČD Class 680">ČD Class 680</a></div> <p>In 1995 consortium consisting of <a href="/wiki/%C4%8CKD" title="ČKD">ČKD</a>, MSV Studénka, <a href="/wiki/FIAT_Ferroviaria" class="mw-redirect" title="FIAT Ferroviaria">FIAT Ferroviaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> won tender for the construction of ten tilting trains for the Czech Railways <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_dr%C3%A1hy" title="České dráhy">ČD</a>, intended for international service <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> - <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> - <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>. After ČKD bankruptcy in 2000, Alstom (as the new owner of FIAT Ferroviaria) took over whole order, reducing number of sets to seven and raising total price,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while provided an improved version of ETR 470, equipped to work on <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/25_kV_AC_railway_electrification" title="25 kV AC railway electrification"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004250000000000000♠"></span>25 kV 50 Hz AC</span></a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/15_kV_AC_railway_electrification" title="15 kV AC railway electrification">15 kV 16.7 Hz AC</a></span> and 3,000<span class="nowrap"> </span>V<span class="nowrap"> </span>DC, thus suitable to operate in Germany, Austria, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The first set was delivered in 2004 as Pendolino ČD 680. While testing between <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a> and <a href="/wiki/B%C5%99eclav" title="Břeclav">Břeclav</a> on 18 November 2004, the Pendolino reached a speed of 237 km/h (147 mph) and created a new <a href="/wiki/Czech_rail_records" title="Czech rail records">Czech railway speed record</a>. </p><p>During the testing period, the train had problems with the Czech signalling system. The problems were said to be solved and the trains entered regular service in December 2005 between <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ostrava" title="Ostrava">Ostrava</a>. As of late January 2006, all five Czech Pendolino trains in service suffered from software and functional problems, which were later fixed, but the trains still did not receive permission to operate abroad. In December 2006, the trains were given permission to operate in Slovakia and Austria, but as of 2010 permission for Germany has not yet been granted. </p><p>A Czech Pendolino train appeared in the 2006 <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> film<i> <a href="/wiki/Casino_Royale_(2006_film)" title="Casino Royale (2006 film)">Casino Royale</a></i> and in <a href="/wiki/Timur_Bekmambetov" title="Timur Bekmambetov">Timur Bekmambetov</a>'s 2008 film <i><a href="/wiki/Wanted_(2008_film)" title="Wanted (2008 film)">Wanted</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Angelina_Jolie" title="Angelina Jolie">Angelina Jolie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slovakia">Slovakia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Slovakia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Czech Railways <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_dr%C3%A1hy" title="České dráhy">ČD</a> has been operating Pendolino as an international train between the Czech Republic and Slovakia for many years. At first it started operating trains from <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a> in December 2005 and later also trains from Prague to <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a> in December 2014. The connection to Bratislava ended in 2015. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20150207_Pendolino_ED250_PKP_Intercity_Krakow_5031.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/20150207_Pendolino_ED250_PKP_Intercity_Krakow_5031.jpg/220px-20150207_Pendolino_ED250_PKP_Intercity_Krakow_5031.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/20150207_Pendolino_ED250_PKP_Intercity_Krakow_5031.jpg/330px-20150207_Pendolino_ED250_PKP_Intercity_Krakow_5031.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/20150207_Pendolino_ED250_PKP_Intercity_Krakow_5031.jpg/440px-20150207_Pendolino_ED250_PKP_Intercity_Krakow_5031.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4807" data-file-height="3184" /></a><figcaption>A PKP Intercity ED250 in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_G%C5%82%C3%B3wny_railway_station" title="Kraków Główny railway station">Kraków Główny railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Polish state railways <a href="/wiki/Polish_State_Railways" title="Polish State Railways">PKP</a> ordered 14 Pendolinos in 1998, but the order was cancelled in 2000 due to a shortage of funds.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, Alstom won a <a href="/wiki/PKP_Intercity" title="PKP Intercity">PKP Intercity</a> tender for high-speed trains with an offer of 20 <a href="/wiki/New_Pendolino" title="New Pendolino">New Pendolino</a> trains. Similarly to the CRH5, these are non-tilting. Like the ČD class 680, the Pendolinos are equipped to operate on 15<span class="nowrap"> </span>kV 16·7 Hz and 25<span class="nowrap"> </span>kV 50 Hz as well as 3<span class="nowrap"> </span>kV<span class="nowrap"> </span>DC for operation in Poland, and have the train control systems needed to operate in Germany, Austria and the Czech Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, certification for international operation is not seen as a priority, as the trains are restricted to domestic services for an initial ten years under the terms of a grant from the EU Cohesion Fund which covered 22% of the project cost.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 30 May 2011 the Polish state railways PKP signed an agreement with Alstom for 20 Pendolinos <a href="/wiki/New_Pendolino" title="New Pendolino">ETR 610</a> for delivery in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Pendolino was delivered on 12 August 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each seven-car Class ED250 trainset has seats for 57 first class and 345 second class passengers, with a buffet/bar and three four-seat business or family compartments. The Pendolinos were to operate on the high-speed 'CMK' <a href="/wiki/Central_Rail_Line_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Rail Line (Poland)">Central Rail Line</a> from <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>/<a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Katowice</a> to <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, and on the routes from <a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a> to Warsaw and from <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a> to Warsaw.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>High speed tests using the new Pendolino ED250 on the CMK began in November 2013. On the first day of tests, 16 November, the Pendolino reached 242 km/h (150 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 17 November 2013, a new speed record for Polish railways was set at km 184.000 of the CMK when Pendolino ED250 reached a speed of 291 km/h (181 mph),<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> breaking the 19-year record of 250.1 km/h (155 mph). On 24 November 2013, the final day of tests on the CMK the Pendolino reached 293 km/h (182 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The contract between the Polish operator PKP Intercity and Alstom called for the first eight Pendolino <a href="/wiki/ED250" class="mw-redirect" title="ED250">ED250</a> trainsets to be delivered on 6 May 2014, tested ('homologated') for operation at 250 km/h (155 mph) using <a href="/wiki/ETCS_L2" class="mw-redirect" title="ETCS L2">ETCS L2</a> signalling. The tests had not been performed by May, and PKP announced that Alstom had failed to meet the contract terms and would be charged penalties as of 6 May.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alstom responded that homologation in Poland at 250km/h using ETCS L2 was impossible, since ETCS L2 was not operational anywhere in Poland, and the CMK where the first ED250 Pendolino had reached 293 km/h (182 mph) in testing was equipped with ETCS Level 1, not Level 2.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 26 June 2014, a compromise was reached between PKP and Alstom under which the Pendolinos would be delivered under a two-stage homologation, first homologated for operation using ETCS Level 1 and eventually to be homologated for ETCS Level 2.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pendolinos were put in service on 14 December 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the CMK from Warsaw to <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> and <a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Katowice</a>, and from Warsaw to <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a>, the Pendolinos also operate on the 350 km (220 miles) route from Warsaw to <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>. In 2011-2015 the Warsaw-Gdańsk-Gdynia route underwent a major upgrading costing $3<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion, partly funded by the <a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Bank" title="European Investment Bank">European Investment Bank</a>, including track replacement, realignment of curves and relocation of sections of track to allow speeds up to 200 km/h (124 mph), and modernization of stations. Installation of ETCS L2 was under way in 2016. When Pendolino services started on 14 December 2014 the previous Warsaw–Gdańsk rail travel time of 4-1/2 to 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>hours was reduced to 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>hours 58<span class="nowrap"> </span>minutes by Pendolino, and reduced further to 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>hours 39<span class="nowrap"> </span>minutes in December 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Introduction of the fast, modern Pendolinos in December 2014, had a major effect on rail ridership in Poland. In the first five months of 2015, Warsaw–Kraków rail ridership rose by 50 percent. In May 2015 alone, Warsaw–Kraków ridership was 70 percent higher than a year earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> After the initial delays Polish Pendolinos were upgraded to provide the access to wireless internet. As of September 2021, all 19 trainsets actually operating have got the equipment installed.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"></p><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crh5_in_Shenzhen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Crh5_in_Shenzhen.jpg/220px-Crh5_in_Shenzhen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Crh5_in_Shenzhen.jpg/330px-Crh5_in_Shenzhen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Crh5_in_Shenzhen.jpg/440px-Crh5_in_Shenzhen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2882" data-file-height="2558" /></a><figcaption>CRH5 in <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH5" title="China Railway CRH5">China Railway CRH5</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/China_Railway_High-speed" title="China Railway High-speed">China Railway High-speed</a> (CRH) purchased technologies from Alstom to assemble 60 sets of high speed EMU trains, which have been named CRH5 and are based on the <a href="/wiki/New_Pendolino" title="New Pendolino">New Pendolino</a> trains. The CRH5 are non-tilting trains. Thirty additional sets were ordered in 2009 and 20 additional sets was ordered in 2010 to complete the current fleet operating on China's northern and eastern lines.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Avelia_Liberty" title="Avelia Liberty">Avelia Liberty</a></div> <p>In August 2016, <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> and Alstom unveiled the new <a href="/wiki/Avelia_Liberty" title="Avelia Liberty">Avelia Liberty</a> that will take passengers between <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> as part of a <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Corridor" title="Northeast Corridor">Northeast Corridor</a> rehabilitation project starting in 2021, replacing the aged <a href="/wiki/Acela_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Acela Express">Acela Express</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The train has safety features that comply with <a href="/wiki/Federal_Railroad_Administration" title="Federal Railroad Administration">Federal Railroad Administration</a> standards, along with greater comfort, more capacity, built in Wi-Fi, Tiltronix, and with speeds up to 180 mph or 290 km/h. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greece">Greece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_ETR_470_in_the_Hellenic_Train_livery_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_ETR_470_in_the_Hellenic_Train_livery_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-The_ETR_470_in_the_Hellenic_Train_livery_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_ETR_470_in_the_Hellenic_Train_livery_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-The_ETR_470_in_the_Hellenic_Train_livery_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_ETR_470_in_the_Hellenic_Train_livery_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-The_ETR_470_in_the_Hellenic_Train_livery_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2467" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>ETR 470 in <a href="/wiki/Athens_railway_station" title="Athens railway station">Athens Central station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2019, Greek railway operator company <a href="/wiki/TrainOSE" class="mw-redirect" title="TrainOSE">TrainOSE</a>, a subsidiary of Italian company <a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato_Italiane" title="Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane">Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane</a>, purchased 5 <a href="/wiki/ETR_470" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 470">ETR 470</a> high-speed trains, previously used on <a href="/wiki/Frecciabianca" title="Frecciabianca">Frecciabianca</a> railway services in Italy, to be deployed on the <a href="/wiki/Piraeus-Platy_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Piraeus-Platy railway">Athens-Thessaloniki high-speed railway</a>. The trains originally had 3 kV DC equipment, which was replaced by 25 kV 50 Hz equipment, to match Greek railway standards and were fitted with ETCS onboard equipment. The first unit arrived in Greece in January 2021. Express passenger services started in early 2022 on the Athens-Thessaloniki mainline. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Past_use">Past use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Past use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sm6" class="mw-redirect" title="VR Class Sm6">VR Class Sm6</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Allegro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Allegro.jpg/220px-Allegro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Allegro.jpg/330px-Allegro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Allegro.jpg/440px-Allegro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>VR Class Sm6 Allegro train in Russia</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Karelian_Trains" title="Karelian Trains">Karelian Trains</a>, a 50-50 joint venture between Finnish <a href="/wiki/VR_Group" title="VR Group">VR</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Railways" title="Russian Railways">Russian Railways</a>, operated four 1522 mm gauge seven-car Pendolinos for use on 220 km/h (140 mph) <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>–<a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> services. Branded <i>Allegro</i> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Аллегро</span>). Service started on December 12, 2010, reducing travel time between the cities from five and a half hours to three and a half hours at first and later to three hours. The bogies are specially constructed to allow for 220 km/h (140 mph) speed both at the Finnish gauge <a href="/wiki/5_ft_and_1520_mm_gauge_railways" title="5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">1,524 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">5 ft</span>) and the Russian gauge <a href="/wiki/5_ft_and_1520_mm_gauge_railways" title="5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">1,520 mm</span></a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">11<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">27</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>). </p><p>The service between Helsinki, Finland, and St. Petersburg, Russia, was suspended on March 27, 2022, as per <a href="/wiki/VR_Group" title="VR Group">VR</a>'s announcement that operating a connection between Russia and Finland no longer served a purpose due to the Russo-Ukrainian conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 14, 2023, the Finnish <a href="/wiki/VR_Group" title="VR Group">VR</a> announced that it had acquired ownership of the Allegro equipment from <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Trains" title="Karelian Trains">Karelian Trains</a> and will move the Allegro trains to domestic service away from serving cross-border connections between Finland and Russia. This marked the end of the use of Pendolino trains in Russia. According to <a href="/wiki/VR_Group" title="VR Group">VR</a>'s assessment, the former Allegro trains will enter service on domestic Finnish routes approximately in 2025 after undergoing repairs.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cancelled_orders">Cancelled orders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Cancelled orders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1998, <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83ile_Ferate_Rom%C3%A2ne" title="Căile Ferate Române">CFR</a> of Romania announced its intent to order two Pendolinos by the end of the year, and wanted to sign another agreement about the local production of 19 more units under a license agreement the next year.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, these plans were not followed up. </p><p>In 2002, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeleznice_Slovenskej_republiky" class="mw-redirect" title="Železnice Slovenskej republiky">ZSSK</a> of Slovakia considered purchasing four Pendolinos, in close cooperation with <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_dr%C3%A1hy" title="České dráhy">ČD</a> of the Czech Republic. The trains were to run as ZSSK class 650. This project was given up in 2004 for lack of funds.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Railways" title="Ukrainian Railways">Ukrainian Railways</a> announced its intent to buy seven Pendolinos for the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2012" title="UEFA Euro 2012">UEFA Euro 2012</a> in 2008, but failed to secure the financing later on.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequentially, in 2011, ten <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korean</a>-built <a href="/wiki/HRCS2" title="HRCS2">HRCS2</a> trains were later purchased by Ukraine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pendolino" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pendolino">Pendolino</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>British Rail's <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Passenger_Train" title="Advanced Passenger Train">Advanced Passenger Train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Railways_CRH5" class="mw-redirect" title="China Railways CRH5">China Railways CRH5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ElettroTreno" title="ElettroTreno">ElettroTreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_categories_in_Europe" title="Train categories in Europe">Train categories in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_railway_curve_radius" title="Minimum railway curve radius">Minimum railway curve radius</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendolino&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yle.fi/a/3-12378307">"Viimeinen Allegro-juna saapui Helsinkiin – Suomen ja Venäjän välinen junaliikenne on lakannut toistaiseksi kokonaan"</a>. <i>News</i>. 2022-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News&rft.atitle=Viimeinen+Allegro-juna+saapui+Helsinkiin+%E2%80%93+Suomen+ja+Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4n+v%C3%A4linen+junaliikenne+on+lakannut+toistaiseksi+kokonaan&rft.date=2022-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyle.fi%2Fa%2F3-12378307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091218110432/http://mikado.iespana.es/443Det.htm">"Unidad de Tren eléctrica serie 443"</a> (in Spanish). Material rodante español para el salvapantallas. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mikado.iespana.es/443Det.htm">the original</a> on 2009-12-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unidad+de+Tren+el%C3%A9ctrica+serie+443&rft.pub=Material+rodante+espa%C3%B1ol+para+el+salvapantallas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmikado.iespana.es%2F443Det.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/alaris/">"Alaris Tilting Trains High-Speed Railway, Spain"</a>. [Railway Technology]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090123134026/http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/alaris/">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-01-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alaris+Tilting+Trains+High-Speed+Railway%2C+Spain&rft.pub=%5BRailway+Technology%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railway-technology.com%2Fprojects%2Falaris%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revistalineas.com/Lineas55/noticias04.htm">"Alta Velocidad para distancias medias"</a>. <i>[Líneas del Tren 55]</i> (in Spanish). [Líneas del Tren]. 2004-12-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%5BL%C3%ADneas+del+Tren+55%5D&rft.atitle=Alta+Velocidad+para+distancias+medias&rft.date=2004-12-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.revistalineas.com%2FLineas55%2Fnoticias04.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2010">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transport.alstom.com/pr_transp_v2/2004/31779.EN.php?languageId=EN&dir=/pr_transp_v2/2004/&idRubriqueCourante=13931">"RENFE awards ALSTOM-CAF consortium two orders worth more than 1.7 billion euros"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a>. 2004-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RENFE+awards+ALSTOM-CAF+consortium+two+orders+worth+more+than+1.7+billion+euros&rft.pub=Alstom&rft.date=2004-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transport.alstom.com%2Fpr_transp_v2%2F2004%2F31779.EN.php%3FlanguageId%3DEN%26dir%3D%2Fpr_transp_v2%2F2004%2F%26idRubriqueCourante%3D13931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vialibre-ffe.com/noticias.asp?not=2601&cs=mate">"Presentadas las nuevas series 114, 121, 449, 599 y Trenhotel de Renfe"</a> (in Spanish). [Vía Libre]. 2008-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presentadas+las+nuevas+series+114%2C+121%2C+449%2C+599+y+Trenhotel+de+Renfe&rft.pub=%5BV%C3%ADa+Libre%5D&rft.date=2008-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vialibre-ffe.com%2Fnoticias.asp%3Fnot%3D2601%26cs%3Dmate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vt610.de/pendo/entwicklung.html">"Entwicklung"</a> (in German). [Baureihe 610]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719113015/http://www.vt610.de/pendo/entwicklung.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Entwicklung&rft.pub=%5BBaureihe+610%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vt610.de%2Fpendo%2Fentwicklung.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vt610.de/pendo/neigetechnik.html">"Neigetechnik"</a> (in German). [Baureihe 610]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120220032306/http://www.vt610.de/pendo/neigetechnik.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Neigetechnik&rft.pub=%5BBaureihe+610%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vt610.de%2Fpendo%2Fneigetechnik.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vt610.de/pendo/vorgnachf.html">"Vorgänger, Nachfolger"</a> (in German). [Baureihe 610]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719113137/http://www.vt610.de/pendo/vorgnachf.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vorg%C3%A4nger%2C+Nachfolger&rft.pub=%5BBaureihe+610%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vt610.de%2Fpendo%2Fvorgnachf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hochgeschwindigkeitszuege.com/deutschland/ice-t.php">"ICE-T"</a> (in German). [Website über die schnellsten Züge der Welt]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100714041308/http://www.hochgeschwindigkeitszuege.com/deutschland/ice-t.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICE-T&rft.pub=%5BWebsite+%C3%BCber+die+schnellsten+Z%C3%BCge+der+Welt%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hochgeschwindigkeitszuege.com%2Fdeutschland%2Fice-t.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/newsalstom-supply-eight-pendolino-trains-switzerlands-sbb">RailwayTechnology: Alstom to supply eight Pendolino trains to Switzerland's SBB</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121112223237/http://www.railway-technology.com/news/newsalstom-supply-eight-pendolino-trains-switzerlands-sbb">Archived</a> 2012-11-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yle.fi/news/3-12226678">"Two Pendolino trains collide in Tampere, delays likely"</a>. <i>News</i>. 2021-12-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News&rft.atitle=Two+Pendolino+trains+collide+in+Tampere%2C+delays+likely&rft.date=2021-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyle.fi%2Fnews%2F3-12226678&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SZhistory-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SZhistory_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SZhistory_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080917164401/http://www.slo-zeleznice.si/en/about_us/the_history_of_slovenske_zeleznice/">"The history of Slovenske železnice"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Railways" title="Slovenian Railways">Slovenian Railways</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slo-zeleznice.si/en/about_us/the_history_of_slovenske_zeleznice/">the original</a> on September 17, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Slovenske+%C5%BEeleznice&rft.pub=Slovenian+Railways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slo-zeleznice.si%2Fen%2Fabout_us%2Fthe_history_of_slovenske_zeleznice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081218202056/http://www.slo-zeleznice.si/en/inland_transport/ics_timetable/">"ICS timetable"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Railways" title="Slovenian Railways">Slovenian Railways</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slo-zeleznice.si/en/inland_transport/ics_timetable/">the original</a> on December 18, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICS+timetable&rft.pub=Slovenian+Railways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slo-zeleznice.si%2Fen%2Finland_transport%2Fics_timetable%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Virgin Group signs deal for 53 tilting trains for WCML <i><a href="/wiki/Rail_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail Express">Rail Express</a></i> issue 35 April 1999 page 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Building the Pendolinos for Virgin's West Coast <i><a href="/wiki/Rail_(magazine)" title="Rail (magazine)">Rail</a></i> issue 423 28 November 2001 pages 36-41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">140mph WCML put on ice <i><a href="/wiki/The_Railway_Magazine" title="The Railway Magazine">The Railway Magazine</a></i> issue 1209 January 2002 page 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081030090223/http://www.transport.alstom.com/pr_transp_v2/2008/37961.EN.php?languageId=EN&dir=%2Fpr_transp_v2%2F2008%2F&idRubriqueCourante=13931">"ANGEL TRAINS AND ALSTOM SIGN ORDER FOR NEW PENDOLINO HIGH SPEED TILTING TRAIN SETS AND EXTRA CARRIAGES TO LENGTHEN Existing Trains"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a>. 2008-09-19. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transport.alstom.com/pr_transp_v2/2008/37961.EN.php?languageId=EN&dir=/pr_transp_v2/2008/&idRubriqueCourante=13931">the original</a> on 2008-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ANGEL+TRAINS+AND+ALSTOM+SIGN+ORDER+FOR+NEW+PENDOLINO+HIGH+SPEED+TILTING+TRAIN+SETS+AND+EXTRA+CARRIAGES+TO+LENGTHEN+Existing+Trains&rft.pub=Alstom&rft.date=2008-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transport.alstom.com%2Fpr_transp_v2%2F2008%2F37961.EN.php%3FlanguageId%3DEN%26dir%3D%2Fpr_transp_v2%2F2008%2F%26idRubriqueCourante%3D13931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUK" class="citation web cs1">UK, DVV Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/west-coast-pendolino-contract-signed.html">"West Coast Pendolino contract signed"</a>. <i>Railway Gazette</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130901130127/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/west-coast-pendolino-contract-signed.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Railway+Gazette&rft.atitle=West+Coast+Pendolino+contract+signed&rft.aulast=UK&rft.aufirst=DVV+Media&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fnews%2Fsingle-view%2Fview%2Fwest-coast-pendolino-contract-signed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//more-west-coast-pendolinos.html">Railway Gazette: More West Coast Pendolinos</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121012015924/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/more-west-coast-pendolinos.html">Archived</a> 2012-10-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First of four new Alstom Pendolinos enters traffic with Virgin Trains <i>Rail</i> issue 675 27 July 2011 page 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pendolino lengthening complete <i>Today's Railways UK</i> issue 133 January 2013 page 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171026054400/https://www.smartrailworld.com/the-twisting-and-turning-tale-of-britains-tilting-trains">"The twisting and turning tale of Britain's tilting trains"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smartrailworld.com/the-twisting-and-turning-tale-of-britains-tilting-trains">the original</a> on 2017-10-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+twisting+and+turning+tale+of+Britain%27s+tilting+trains&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smartrailworld.com%2Fthe-twisting-and-turning-tale-of-britains-tilting-trains&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6392935.stm">"BBC NEWS | UK | It is a very sad day - Branson"</a>. 24 February 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160119141857/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6392935.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-01-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC+NEWS+%26%23124%3B+UK+%26%23124%3B+It+is+a+very+sad+day+-+Branson&rft.date=2007-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2F6392935.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span> "It is a very sad day - Branson." BBC News. 24 February 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/cumbria/6978220.stm">"Train crash points not inspected"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 4 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Train+crash+points+not+inspected&rft.date=2007-09-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2Fcumbria%2F6978220.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Virgin Trains writes off its Lambrigg crash Pendolino <i>Rail</i> issue 585 13 February 2008 page 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190814114402/https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/first-trenitalia-awarded-west-coast-partnership.html">First Trenitalia awarded West Coast Partnership</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Railway_Gazette_International" title="Railway Gazette International">Railway Gazette International</a></i> 14 August 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spz.logout.cz/vozidla/680/cdt_680.html">"České "Pendolino" se již skutečně vyrábí"</a>. <i>spz.logout.cz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170928171250/http://spz.logout.cz/vozidla/680/cdt_680.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=spz.logout.cz&rft.atitle=%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9+%22Pendolino%22+se+ji%C5%BE+skute%C4%8Dn%C4%9B+vyr%C3%A1b%C3%AD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspz.logout.cz%2Fvozidla%2F680%2Fcdt_680.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuide" class="citation web cs1">Guide, European Rail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeanrailguide.com/european_trains.html">"European Trains and Rail Tickets - European Rail Guide"</a>. <i>www.europeanrailguide.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306093117/http://www.europeanrailguide.com/european_trains.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.europeanrailguide.com&rft.atitle=European+Trains+and+Rail+Tickets+-+European+Rail+Guide&rft.aulast=Guide&rft.aufirst=European+Rail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeanrailguide.com%2Feuropean_trains.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQQ/is_2_40/ai_61201240">"PKP Cancels Pendolino Order"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Railway_Journal" title="International Railway Journal">International Railway Journal</a></i>. February 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Railway+Journal&rft.atitle=PKP+Cancels+Pendolino+Order&rft.date=2000-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m0BQQ%2Fis_2_40%2Fai_61201240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101011133903/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/alstom-sole-bidder-in-polish-high-speed-train-tender.html">"Alstom sole bidder in Polish high speed train tender"</a>. <i>Railway Gazette</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/alstom-sole-bidder-in-polish-high-speed-train-tender.html">the original</a> on 2010-10-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Railway+Gazette&rft.atitle=Alstom+sole+bidder+in+Polish+high+speed+train+tender&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fnc%2Fnews%2Fsingle-view%2Fview%2Falstom-sole-bidder-in-polish-high-speed-train-tender.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/polish-pendolino-launches-200-kmh-operation.html">"Polish Pendolino launches 200 km/h operation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Railway_Gazette_International" title="Railway Gazette International">Railway Gazette International</a></i>. 15 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141216062725/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/polish-pendolino-launches-200-kmh-operation.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Railway+Gazette+International&rft.atitle=Polish+Pendolino+launches+200+km%2Fh+operation&rft.date=2014-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fnews%2Fpassenger%2Fsingle-view%2Fview%2Fpolish-pendolino-launches-200-kmh-operation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/pkp-intercity-signs-pendolino-contract.html">"PKP Intercity signs Pendolino Contract"</a>. <i>Railway Gazette International</i>. 31 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130922035509/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/pkp-intercity-signs-pendolino-contract.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-09-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Railway+Gazette+International&rft.atitle=PKP+Intercity+signs+Pendolino+Contract&rft.date=2011-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fnews%2Fpassenger%2Fsingle-view%2Fview%2Fpkp-intercity-signs-pendolino-contract.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gazetakrakowska.pl/aktualnosci/409707,pkp-intercity-zamawia-20-pociagow-new-pendolino,id,t.html">"PKP Intercity zamawia 20 pociągów New Pendolino"</a>. <i>Gazeta Krakowska</i>. 30 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924020931/http://www.gazetakrakowska.pl/aktualnosci/409707,pkp-intercity-zamawia-20-pociagow-new-pendolino,id,t.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gazeta+Krakowska&rft.atitle=PKP+Intercity+zamawia+20+poci%C4%85g%C3%B3w+New+Pendolino&rft.date=2011-05-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazetakrakowska.pl%2Faktualnosci%2F409707%2Cpkp-intercity-zamawia-20-pociagow-new-pendolino%2Cid%2Ct.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927083005/http://www.alstom.com/press-centre/?taxgroup=8589951408">"The first Pendolino (EIC Premium) is already in Poland"</a> (Press release). Alstom. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alstom.com/press-centre/?taxgroup=8589951408">the original</a> on 2013-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+first+Pendolino+%28EIC+Premium%29+is+already+in+Poland&rft.pub=Alstom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alstom.com%2Fpress-centre%2F%3Ftaxgroup%3D8589951408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/infrastructure/single-view/view/polish-high-speed-rail-project-cancelled.html">"Polish high speed rail project cancelled"</a>. <i>Railway Gazette International</i>. 8 December 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130929110209/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/infrastructure/single-view/view/polish-high-speed-rail-project-cancelled.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Railway+Gazette+International&rft.atitle=Polish+high+speed+rail+project+cancelled&rft.date=2011-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fnews%2Finfrastructure%2Fsingle-view%2Fview%2Fpolish-high-speed-rail-project-cancelled.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kurierkolejowy.eu/aktualnosci/17014/Pendolino-osiagnelo-na-CMK-242-kmh.html">"Pendolino osiągneło na CMK 242 km/h"</a>. <i>Kurier kolejowy</i>. 16 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131118074617/http://www.kurierkolejowy.eu/aktualnosci/17014/Pendolino-osiagnelo-na-CMK-242-kmh.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-11-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kurier+kolejowy&rft.atitle=Pendolino+osi%C4%85gne%C5%82o+na+CMK+242+km%2Fh&rft.date=2013-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kurierkolejowy.eu%2Faktualnosci%2F17014%2FPendolino-osiagnelo-na-CMK-242-kmh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvn24.pl/291-km-h-nowy-rekord-predkosci-polskiego-pendolino,374015,s.html">"291 km/h. Nowy rekord prędkości polskiego Pendolino"</a>. <i>tvn24.pl</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831045800/http://www.tvn24.pl/291-km-h-nowy-rekord-predkosci-polskiego-pendolino,374015,s.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tvn24.pl&rft.atitle=291+km%2Fh.+Nowy+rekord+pr%C4%99dko%C5%9Bci+polskiego+Pendolino&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvn24.pl%2F291-km-h-nowy-rekord-predkosci-polskiego-pendolino%2C374015%2Cs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/49466/bariera_300_km_h_nie_padla_na_koniec_testow_293_km_h.htm">"Bariera 300 km/h nie padła. Na koniec testów 293 km/h"</a>. <i>Rynek Kolejowy</i>. 24 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131124152311/http://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/49466/bariera_300_km_h_nie_padla_na_koniec_testow_293_km_h.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-11-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rynek+Kolejowy&rft.atitle=Bariera+300+km%2Fh+nie+pad%C5%82a.+Na+koniec+test%C3%B3w+293+km%2Fh&rft.date=2013-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rynek-kolejowy.pl%2F49466%2Fbariera_300_km_h_nie_padla_na_koniec_testow_293_km_h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolejowy" class="citation web cs1">Kolejowy, Kurier. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kurierkolejowy.eu/aktualnosci/19371/Pendolino-bez-homologacji-Od-jutra-beda-kary.html">"Pendolino bez homologacji. Od jutra będą kary"</a>. <i>www.kurierkolejowy.eu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140508025728/http://www.kurierkolejowy.eu/aktualnosci/19371/Pendolino-bez-homologacji-Od-jutra-beda-kary.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kurierkolejowy.eu&rft.atitle=Pendolino+bez+homologacji.+Od+jutra+b%C4%99d%C4%85+kary&rft.aulast=Kolejowy&rft.aufirst=Kurier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kurierkolejowy.eu%2Faktualnosci%2F19371%2FPendolino-bez-homologacji-Od-jutra-beda-kary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/infrastructure/single-view/view/first-etcs-certified-in-poland.html">"First ETCS Certified in Poland"</a>. <i>Railway Gazette International</i>. 23 December 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314020716/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/infrastructure/single-view/view/first-etcs-certified-in-poland.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-02-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Railway+Gazette+International&rft.atitle=First+ETCS+Certified+in+Poland&rft.date=2013-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fnews%2Finfrastructure%2Fsingle-view%2Fview%2Ffirst-etcs-certified-in-poland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polskieradio.pl/42/273/Artykul/1161766,Jest-porozumienie-PKP-w-sprawie-Pendolino-ruszy-14-grudnia">"Jest porozumienie PKP w sprawie Pendolino, ruszy przed świętami"</a>. <i>Polskie Radio</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006092234/http://www.polskieradio.pl/42/273/Artykul/1161766,Jest-porozumienie-PKP-w-sprawie-Pendolino-ruszy-14-grudnia">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-10-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polskie+Radio&rft.atitle=Jest+porozumienie+PKP+w+sprawie+Pendolino%2C+ruszy+przed+%C5%9Bwi%C4%99tami&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polskieradio.pl%2F42%2F273%2FArtykul%2F1161766%2CJest-porozumienie-PKP-w-sprawie-Pendolino-ruszy-14-grudnia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006070337/http://www6.lexisnexis.com/publisher/EndUser?Action=UserDisplayFullDocument&orgId=1746&topicId=100410004&docId=l:2152514833&Em=7&start=4">"End of Pendolino Dispute"</a> (Press release). 27 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www6.lexisnexis.com/publisher/EndUser?Action=UserDisplayFullDocument&orgId=1746&topicId=100410004&docId=l:2152514833&Em=7&start=4">the original</a> on 2014-10-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=End+of+Pendolino+Dispute&rft.date=2014-06-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww6.lexisnexis.com%2Fpublisher%2FEndUser%3FAction%3DUserDisplayFullDocument%26orgId%3D1746%26topicId%3D100410004%26docId%3Dl%3A2152514833%26Em%3D7%26start%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/polish-pendolino-launches-200-kmh-operation.html">"Polish Pendolino launches 200 km/h operation"</a>. <i>Railway Gazette International</i>. 15 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141216062725/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/polish-pendolino-launches-200-kmh-operation.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-12-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Railway+Gazette+International&rft.atitle=Polish+Pendolino+launches+200+km%2Fh+operation&rft.date=2014-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fnews%2Fpassenger%2Fsingle-view%2Fview%2Fpolish-pendolino-launches-200-kmh-operation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/55064/wszystko_co_musisz_wiedziec_o_pendolino.htm">"Wszystko co musisz wiedzeć o Pendolino"</a>. <i>Rynek Kolejowy</i>. 13 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141222043549/http://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/55064/wszystko_co_musisz_wiedziec_o_pendolino.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-12-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rynek+Kolejowy&rft.atitle=Wszystko+co+musisz+wiedze%C4%87+o+Pendolino&rft.date=2014-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rynek-kolejowy.pl%2F55064%2Fwszystko_co_musisz_wiedziec_o_pendolino.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trojmiasto.pl/wiadomosci/Pendolino-z-Trojmiasta-do-Warszawy-Wiecej-pytan-niz-odpowiedzi-n71010.html">"Pendolino z Trójmiasta do Warszawy"</a>. 30 July 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140728035932/http://www.trojmiasto.pl/wiadomosci/Pendolino-z-Trojmiasta-do-Warszawy-Wiecej-pytan-niz-odpowiedzi-n71010.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-07-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pendolino+z+Tr%C3%B3jmiasta+do+Warszawy&rft.date=2013-07-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trojmiasto.pl%2Fwiadomosci%2FPendolino-z-Trojmiasta-do-Warszawy-Wiecej-pytan-niz-odpowiedzi-n71010.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kurierkolejowy.eu/aktualnosci/24701/Warszawa-Krakow-najpopularniejsza-trasa-PKP-IC.html">"Warszawa - Kraków najpopularniejszą trasą PKP IC"</a>. <i>Kurier Kolejowy</i>. 16 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150630163757/http://www.kurierkolejowy.eu/aktualnosci/24701/Warszawa-Krakow-najpopularniejsza-trasa-PKP-IC.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-06-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kurier+Kolejowy&rft.atitle=Warszawa+-+Krak%C3%B3w+najpopularniejsz%C4%85+tras%C4%85+PKP+IC&rft.date=2015-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kurierkolejowy.eu%2Faktualnosci%2F24701%2FWarszawa-Krakow-najpopularniejsza-trasa-PKP-IC.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.intercity.pl/pl/site/o-nas/dzial-prasowy/aktualnosci/rosnie-dostepnosc-wi-fi-w-pociagach-pkp-intercity.html">"Rośnie dostępność Wi-Fi w pociagach PKP Intercity"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ro%C5%9Bnie+dost%C4%99pno%C5%9B%C4%87+Wi-Fi+w+pociagach+PKP+Intercity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.intercity.pl%2Fpl%2Fsite%2Fo-nas%2Fdzial-prasowy%2Faktualnosci%2Frosnie-dostepnosc-wi-fi-w-pociagach-pkp-intercity.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215609/http://www.qizhong7.com/info/detail/4-4161.html">"四方所同长春轨道客车股份有限公司获2亿CRH5型动车组大订单-中国起重机吊车网"</a>. <i>www.qizhong7.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qizhong7.com/info/detail/4-4161.html">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grupul+Fiat+face+o+noua+tentativa+de+a+investi+in+Romania&rft.pub=%5BZiarul+de+Iasi%5D&rft.date=1998-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ziaruldeiasi.ro%2Fcms%2Fsite%2Fz_is%2Fnews%2Fgrupul_fiat_face_o_noua_tentativa_de_a_investi_in_romania_21313.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rail.sk/arp/slovakia/rolstock/650.htm">"ETR 650"</a> (in Slovak). [Rail.sk]. 2004-09-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.ua/data/upload/publication/france/fr/17983/zakupku_poizd.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2009-03-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%5BEuro+2012%5D&rft.atitle=Purchase+of+the+Pendolino+locomotives&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.ua%2Fdata%2Fupload%2Fpublication%2Ffrance%2Ffr%2F17983%2Fzakupku_poizd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APendolino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uz.gov.ua/press_center/mass_media_about_ukrainian_railway/238073/">"Десять лет спустя :: ЗМІ про УЗ (2008) :: Прес-центр :: Офіційний веб-сайт Укрзалізниці"</a>. <i>www.uz.gov.ua</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180407053949/http://www.uz.gov.ua/press_center/mass_media_about_ukrainian_railway/238073/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pendolino" title="Template:Pendolino"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pendolino" title="Template talk:Pendolino"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pendolino" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pendolino"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pendolino_family_trains" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pendolino</a> family trains</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH5" title="China Railway CRH5">China Railway CRH5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Czech Republic <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8CD_Class_680" title="ČD Class 680">ČD Class 680</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sm3" title="VR Class Sm3">VR Class Sm3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> / Russia <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegro_(train)" title="Allegro (train)">Allegro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> / Austria <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICE_T" title="ICE T">ICE T</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_470" title="FS Class ETR 470">OSE Class 470</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FS_Class_ETR_401&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FS Class ETR 401 (page does not exist)">ETR 401</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_450" title="FS Class ETR 450">ETR 450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_460" title="FS Class ETR 460">ETR 460</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_470" title="FS Class ETR 470">ETR 470</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_480" title="FS Class ETR 480">ETR 480/485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_600" title="FS Class ETR 600">ETR 600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Pendolino" title="New Pendolino">ETR 610</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frecciarossa_1000" title="Frecciarossa 1000">ETR 1000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poland <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Pendolino#ED250_(Poland)" title="New Pendolino">ED250</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfa_Pendular" title="Alfa Pendular">Alfa Pendular</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slovenia <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%BD_series_310" title="SŽ series 310">SŽ series 310</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renfe_Class_114" class="mw-redirect" title="Renfe Class 114">Renfe 114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renfe_Class_490" title="Renfe Class 490">Renfe 490</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Switzerland <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Pendolino" title="New Pendolino">ETR 610</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_390" title="British Rail Class 390">British Rail Class 390</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acela_Express_(trainset)" title="Acela Express (trainset)">Acela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avelia_Liberty" title="Avelia Liberty">Avelia Liberty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="High-speed_rail" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:High-speed_rail" title="Template:High-speed rail"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:High-speed_rail" title="Template talk:High-speed rail"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:High-speed_rail" title="Special:EditPage/Template:High-speed rail"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="High-speed_rail" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">High-speed rail</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">rail transport</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail#Technologies" title="High-speed rail">Technologies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">Conventional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovertrain" title="Hovertrain">Hovertrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperloop" title="Hyperloop">Hyperloop</a>/<a href="/wiki/Vactrain" title="Vactrain">Vactrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maglev" title="Maglev">Maglev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_high-speed_trains" title="List of high-speed trains">High-speed trains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee;">350 km/h<br />(217 mph)<br />or more</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CR400AF" title="China Railway CR400AF">China Railway CR400AF</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CR400BF" title="China Railway CR400BF">CR400BF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transrapid" title="Transrapid">Transrapid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L0_Series" title="L0 Series">Shinkansen Series L0</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee;">300–349 km/h<br />(186–217 mph)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renfe_Class_100" title="Renfe Class 100">Renfe Class 100, 101</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renfe_Class_102" title="Renfe Class 102">102</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renfe_Class_103" title="Renfe Class 103">103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGV_(train)" title="AGV (train)">Alstom AGV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexie_(train)" title="Hexie (train)">China Railway <i>Hexie</i></a> <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH2" title="China Railway CRH2">CRH2C</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH3" title="China Railway CRH3">3C</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH380A" title="China Railway CRH380A">380A</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vibrant_Express" title="Vibrant Express">MTR CRH380A</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH3" title="China Railway CRH3">380B</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH3" title="China Railway CRH3">380C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Zefiro#Zefiro_380" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier Zefiro">380D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_500" title="FS Class ETR 500">ETR 500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frecciarossa_1000" title="Frecciarossa 1000">ETR 400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_373" title="British Rail Class 373">Eurostar e300</a>; <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_374" title="British Rail Class 374">e320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICE_3" title="ICE 3">ICE 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTX-I" title="KTX-I">KTX-I</a>, <a href="/wiki/KTX-Sancheon" title="KTX-Sancheon">II (Sancheon)</a>, <a href="/wiki/KTX-Cheongryong" title="KTX-Cheongryong">KTX-Cheongryong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAF_Oaris" title="CAF Oaris">Oaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBKA" title="PBKA">PBKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/500_Series_Shinkansen" title="500 Series Shinkansen">Shinkansen Series 500</a>, <a href="/wiki/N700_Series_Shinkansen" title="N700 Series Shinkansen">N700</a>, <a href="/wiki/N700S_Series_Shinkansen" title="N700S Series Shinkansen">N700S</a>, <a href="/wiki/E5_and_H5_Series_Shinkansen" title="E5 and H5 Series Shinkansen">E5/H5</a>, <a href="/wiki/E6_Series_Shinkansen" title="E6 Series Shinkansen">E6</a>, <a href="/wiki/E8_Series_Shinkansen" title="E8 Series Shinkansen">E8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talgo_AVRIL" title="Talgo AVRIL">AVRIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNCF_TGV_Sud-Est" title="SNCF TGV Sud-Est">TGV Sud-Est (refurbished)</a>, <a href="/wiki/SNCF_TGV_Atlantique" title="SNCF TGV Atlantique">Atlantique</a>, <a href="/wiki/SNCF_TGV_R%C3%A9seau" title="SNCF TGV Réseau">Réseau</a> (PBA), <a href="/wiki/TGV_Duplex" title="TGV Duplex">Duplex</a>, <a href="/wiki/SNCF_TGV_POS" class="mw-redirect" title="SNCF TGV POS">POS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euroduplex" title="Euroduplex">2N2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avelia_Horizon" title="Avelia Horizon">M (Avelia Horizon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCDD_HT80000" title="TCDD HT80000">TCDD HT80000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THSR_700T" title="THSR 700T">THSR 700T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_Velaro" title="Siemens Velaro">Siemens Velaro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee;">250–299 km/h<br />(155–186 mph)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avelia_Liberty" title="Avelia Liberty">Avelia Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="China Star">China Star</a>, <a href="/wiki/DJF2" class="mw-redirect" title="DJF2">DJF2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hexie_(train)" title="Hexie (train)">China Railway <i>Hexie</i></a> <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH1" title="China Railway CRH1">CRH1A, 1B, 1E</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH2" title="China Railway CRH2">2A, 2B, 2E, 2G</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH3" title="China Railway CRH3">3A</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH5" title="China Railway CRH5">5A, 5E, 5G</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuxing_(train)" title="Fuxing (train)">China Railway <i>Fuxing</i> CR300AF, CR300BF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercity_Express" title="Intercity Express">ICE</a> <a href="/wiki/ICE_1" title="ICE 1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICE_2" title="ICE 2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICE_4_(Deutsche_Bahn)" class="mw-redirect" title="ICE 4 (Deutsche Bahn)">4</a> (ICx)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTX-Eum" title="KTX-Eum">KTX-Eum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Pendolino" title="New Pendolino">New Pendolino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renfe_Class_120_/_121" title="Renfe Class 120 / 121">Renfe Class 120, 121</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renfe_Class_130" title="Renfe Class 130">130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapsan" title="Sapsan">Sapsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBB-CFF-FFS_RABe_501" class="mw-redirect" title="SBB-CFF-FFS RABe 501">SBB RABe 501</a>, <a href="/wiki/SBB-CFF-FFS_RABe_503" class="mw-redirect" title="SBB-CFF-FFS RABe 503">RABe 503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/200_Series_Shinkansen" title="200 Series Shinkansen">Shinkansen Series 200</a>, <a href="/wiki/300_Series_Shinkansen" title="300 Series Shinkansen">300</a>, <a href="/wiki/700_Series_Shinkansen" title="700 Series Shinkansen">700</a>, <a href="/wiki/800_Series_Shinkansen" title="800 Series Shinkansen">800</a>, <a href="/wiki/E2_Series_Shinkansen" title="E2 Series Shinkansen">E2</a>, <a href="/wiki/E3_Series_Shinkansen" title="E3 Series Shinkansen">E3</a>, <a href="/wiki/E7_and_W7_Series_Shinkansen" title="E7 and W7 Series Shinkansen">E7/W7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCDD_HT65000" title="TCDD HT65000">TCDD HT65000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNCF_TGV_Sud-Est" title="SNCF TGV Sud-Est">TGV Sud-Est (original)</a>, <a href="/wiki/SNCF_TGV_La_Poste" title="SNCF TGV La Poste">La Poste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AnsaldoBreda_V250" title="AnsaldoBreda V250">V250</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee;">200–249 km/h<br />(124–155 mph)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acela_Express_(trainset)" title="Acela Express (trainset)">Acela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_ACS-64" title="Siemens ACS-64">ACS-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_180" title="British Rail Class 180">Adelante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Passenger_Train" title="Advanced Passenger Train">APT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Railway_DJJ1" title="China Railway DJJ1">China Railway DJJ1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hexie_(train)" title="Hexie (train)">China Railway <i>Hexie</i></a> <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH6" title="China Railway CRH6">CRH6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuxing_(train)" title="Fuxing (train)">China Railway <i>Fuxing</i></a> <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CR200J" title="China Railway CR200J">CR200J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ER200" title="ER200">ER200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardier-Alstom_HHP-8" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier-Alstom HHP-8">HHP-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IC4" title="IC4">IC4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NS_Intercity_Nieuwe_Generatie" title="NS Intercity Nieuwe Generatie">ICNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterCity_125" title="InterCity 125">InterCity 125</a>, <a href="/wiki/InterCity_225" title="InterCity 225">225</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICE_T" title="ICE T">ICE T</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICE_TD" title="ICE TD">TD</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICE_L" title="ICE L">ICE L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_395" title="British Rail Class 395">Javelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSB_Class_71" title="NSB Class 71">NSB Class 71 (Flytoget)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSB_Class_73" title="NSB Class 73">NSB Class 73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadler_Flirt" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadler Flirt">NSB Class 74</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pendolino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railjet" title="Railjet">Railjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Regina" title="Bombardier Regina">Regina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen" title="0 Series Shinkansen">Shinkansen series 0</a>, <a href="/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen" title="100 Series Shinkansen">100</a>, <a href="/wiki/400_Series_Shinkansen" title="400 Series Shinkansen">400</a>, <a href="/wiki/E1_Series_Shinkansen" title="E1 Series Shinkansen">E1</a>, <a href="/wiki/E4_Series_Shinkansen" title="E4 Series Shinkansen">E4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBB_RABDe_500" title="SBB RABDe 500">SBB RABDe 500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBB-CFF-FFS_Re_460" title="SBB-CFF-FFS Re 460">Re 460</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_Charger" title="Siemens Charger">SC-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_Charger" title="Siemens Charger">SCB-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_2000" title="X 2000">X 2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/SJ_X40" title="SJ X40">SJ X40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-TER_(Z_21500)" title="Z-TER (Z 21500)">Z-TER (Z 21500)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokol_(train)" title="Sokol (train)">Sokol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_800" title="British Rail Class 800">British Rail Classes 800</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_801" title="British Rail Class 801">801</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_802" title="British Rail Class 802">802</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_803" title="British Rail Class 803">803</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_805" title="British Rail Class 805">805</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_807" title="British Rail Class 807">807</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_810" title="British Rail Class 810">810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talgo_XXI" class="mw-redirect" title="Talgo XXI">Talgo XXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Voyager" title="Bombardier Voyager">Voyager/Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X3_(train)" title="X3 (train)">X3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Experimental_and_prototype_high-speed_trains" title="Category:Experimental and prototype high-speed trains">Experimental and prototype high-speed trains (category)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="High-speed railway line">High-speed railway line</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high-speed_railway_lines" title="List of high-speed railway lines">List of high-speed railway lines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By countries and territories<br /><br /><small><i>planned networks in italics</i></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Boraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Boraq">Morocco</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Egypt" title="High-speed rail in Egypt">Egypt</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires%E2%80%93Rosario%E2%80%93C%C3%B3rdoba_high-speed_railway" title="Buenos Aires–Rosario–Córdoba high-speed railway">Argentina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Brazil" title="High-speed rail in Brazil">Brazil</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Canada" title="High-speed rail in Canada">Canada</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Mexico" title="High-speed rail in Mexico">Mexico</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_the_United_States" title="High-speed rail in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee;"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="High-speed rail in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_China" title="High-speed rail in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Express_Rail_Link" title="Hong Kong Express Rail Link">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_India" title="High-speed rail in India">India</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Indonesia" title="High-speed rail in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tehran%E2%80%93Qom%E2%80%93Isfahan_High_Speed_Rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran–Qom–Isfahan High Speed Rail">Iran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baghdad%E2%80%93Basra_high-speed_rail_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad–Basra high-speed rail line">Iraq</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinkansen" title="Shinkansen">Japan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Kazakhstan" title="High-speed rail in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_South_Korea" title="High-speed rail in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haramain_high-speed_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haramain high-speed railway">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_High_Speed_Rail" title="Taiwan High Speed Rail">Taiwan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Thailand" title="High-speed rail in Thailand">Thailand</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Turkey" title="High-speed rail in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Uzbekistan" title="High-speed rail in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_express_railway_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="North–South express railway (Vietnam)">Vietnam</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee;"><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Europe" title="High-speed rail in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Austria" title="High-speed rail in Austria">Austria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Belgium" title="High-speed rail in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Croatia" title="High-speed rail in Croatia">Croatia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="High-speed rail in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Denmark" title="High-speed rail in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Finland" title="High-speed rail in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_France" title="High-speed rail in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Germany" title="High-speed rail in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="High-speed rail in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Italy" title="High-speed rail in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Latvia" title="High-speed rail in Latvia">Latvia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_the_Netherlands" title="High-speed rail in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Norway" title="High-speed rail in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Poland" title="High-speed rail in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Portugal" title="High-speed rail in Portugal">Portugal</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Russia" title="High-speed rail in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Spain" title="High-speed rail in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Sweden" title="High-speed rail in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Switzerland" title="High-speed rail in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara%E2%80%93Istanbul_high-speed_railway" title="Ankara–Istanbul high-speed railway">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="High-speed rail in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Australia" title="High-speed rail in Australia">Australia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_high-speed_rail_by_country" title="Proposed high-speed rail by country">Proposed high-speed rail by country</a></li></ul> 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