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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ligging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ligging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Geschiedenis-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Machtsovername_Rooms-Katholieke_kerk_en_bondgenoten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Machtsovername_Rooms-Katholieke_kerk_en_bondgenoten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Machtsovername Rooms-Katholieke kerk en bondgenoten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Machtsovername_Rooms-Katholieke_kerk_en_bondgenoten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verovering_1144_atabeg_zengi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verovering_1144_atabeg_zengi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Verovering 1144 atabeg zengi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verovering_1144_atabeg_zengi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Graafschap Edessa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 51 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7" title="كونتية الرها – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كونتية الرها" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7" title="كونتية الرها – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كونتية الرها" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edessa_qrafl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Edessa qraflığı – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Edessa qraflığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Графство Едеса – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Графство Едеса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comtat_d%27Edessa" title="Comtat d'Edessa – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Comtat d'Edessa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edessk%C3%A9_hrabstv%C3%AD" title="Edesské hrabství – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Edesské hrabství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grevskabet_Edessa" title="Grevskabet Edessa – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grevskabet Edessa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafschaft_Edessa" title="Grafschaft Edessa – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grafschaft Edessa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%88%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κομητεία της Έδεσσας – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κομητεία της Έδεσσας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Edessa" title="County of Edessa – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="County of Edessa" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graflando_Edessa" title="Graflando Edessa – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Graflando Edessa" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Edesa" title="Condado de Edesa – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Condado de Edesa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edesako_Konderria" title="Edesako Konderria – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Edesako Konderria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="کنت‌نشین ادسا – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کنت‌نشین ادسا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edessan_kreivikunta" title="Edessan kreivikunta – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Edessan kreivikunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comt%C3%A9_d%27%C3%89desse" title="Comté d'Édesse – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Comté d'Édesse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Edesa" title="Condado de Edesa – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Condado de Edesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%94" title="רוזנות אדסה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוזנות אדסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grofovija_Edesa" title="Grofovija Edesa – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grofovija Edesa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edesszai_Gr%C3%B3fs%C3%A1g" title="Edesszai Grófság – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Edesszai Grófság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Եդեսիայի կոմսություն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եդեսիայի կոմսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B5_%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Եդեսիոյ Կոմսութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Եդեսիոյ Կոմսութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contato_de_Edessa" title="Contato de Edessa – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Contato de Edessa" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Edessa" title="County Edessa – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="County Edessa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contea_di_Edessa" title="Contea di Edessa – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Contea di Edessa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%87%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="エデッサ伯国 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エデッサ伯国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="ედესის საგრაფო – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ედესის საგრაფო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%8D%B0%EC%82%AC_%EB%B0%B1%EA%B5%AD" title="에데사 백국 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에데사 백국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comitatus_Edessanus" title="Comitatus Edessanus – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Comitatus Edessanus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edesos_grafyst%C4%97" title="Edesos grafystė – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Edesos grafystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edesas_gr%C4%81fiste" title="Edesas grāfiste – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Edesas grāfiste" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Грофовија Едеса – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Грофовија Едеса" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grevskapet_Edessa" title="Grevskapet Edessa – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Grevskapet Edessa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grevskapet_Edessa" title="Grevskapet Edessa – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grevskapet Edessa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comtat_d%27Edessa" title="Comtat d'Edessa – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Comtat d'Edessa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrabstwo_Edessy" title="Hrabstwo Edessy – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hrabstwo Edessy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Edessa" title="Condado de Edessa – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Condado de Edessa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comitatul_de_Edessa" title="Comitatul de Edessa – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Comitatul de Edessa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Эдесское графство – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эдесское графство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grofovija_Edessa" title="Grofovija Edessa – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grofovija Edessa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edessk%C3%A9_gr%C3%B3fstvo" title="Edesské grófstvo – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Edesské grófstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grofija_Edesa" title="Grofija Edesa – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Grofija Edesa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Грофовија Едеса – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Грофовија Едеса" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grevskapet_Edessa" title="Grevskapet Edessa – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grevskapet Edessa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk 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style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 45px;"><a href="/wiki/Seltsjoekenrijk" title="Seltsjoekenrijk">←</a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_Seljuk.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Seltsjoekenrijk"><img alt="Seltsjoekenrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_the_Seljuk.png/25px-Flag_of_the_Seljuk.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_the_Seljuk.png/38px-Flag_of_the_Seljuk.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_the_Seljuk.png/50px-Flag_of_the_Seljuk.png 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="828" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><big><b>1098 – 1149</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 45px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_None.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zengiden"><img alt="Zengiden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/25px-Flag_of_None.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/38px-Flag_of_None.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/50px-Flag_of_None.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zengiden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zengiden (de pagina bestaat niet)">→</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Byzantine_imperial_flag,_14th_century_according_to_portolan_charts.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Byzantijnse Rijk"><img alt="Byzantijnse Rijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century_according_to_portolan_charts.png/25px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century_according_to_portolan_charts.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century_according_to_portolan_charts.png/38px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century_according_to_portolan_charts.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century_according_to_portolan_charts.png/50px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century_according_to_portolan_charts.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Byzantijnse_Rijk" title="Byzantijnse Rijk">→</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Kaart </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:County_of_Edessa_1135_locator.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1135"><img alt="1135" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/County_of_Edessa_1135_locator.svg/266px-County_of_Edessa_1135_locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/County_of_Edessa_1135_locator.svg/399px-County_of_Edessa_1135_locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/County_of_Edessa_1135_locator.svg/532px-County_of_Edessa_1135_locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="959" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><small>1135</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Algemene gegevens </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hoofdstad" title="Hoofdstad">Hoofdstad</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Edessa_(Turkije)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edessa (Turkije)">Edessa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Taal_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taal (hoofdbetekenis)">Talen</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch">Arabisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Grieks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latijn" title="Latijn">Latijn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Frans">Frans</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Religie" title="Religie">Religie(s)</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rooms-katholiek" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooms-katholiek">Rooms-katholiek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oosters-orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oosters-orthodox">Oosters-orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syrisch-orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrisch-orthodox">Syrisch-orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jodendom" title="Jodendom">jodendom</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Regering </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Regeringsvorm" title="Regeringsvorm">Regeringsvorm</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Graaf_(titel)" title="Graaf (titel)">Graafschap</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Staatshoofd" title="Staatshoofd">Staatshoofd</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Graaf_(titel)" title="Graaf (titel)">Graaf</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>De <b>historische provincie Edessa</b> was van 300 v.Chr. tot 1637 een landstreek, stad en vorstendom in het geografische gebied van Boven-<a href="/wiki/Mesopotami%C3%AB" title="Mesopotamië">Mesopotamië</a>, met een rijke cultuur, onder verschillende heerschappij, tegenwoordig de in <a href="/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije">Turkije</a> gelegen stad en provincie <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_(stad)" title="Şanlıurfa (stad)">Şanlıurfa</a>. </p><p>Het is korte tijd een zogenaamde <a href="/wiki/Kruisvaardersstaten" title="Kruisvaardersstaten">Kruisvaardersstaat</a> geweest, een later bedachte naam voor enkele gebieden in het zogenaamde <a href="/wiki/Heilige_Land" title="Heilige Land">Heilige Land</a> die met militair geweld onder heerschappij waren gebracht van militaire bondgenoten van de Rooms-Katholieke kerk. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligging">Ligging</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graafschap_Edessa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ligging" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graafschap_Edessa&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ligging"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De landstreek Edessa strekte zich uit aan weerszijden van de bovenloop van de <a href="/wiki/Eufraat" title="Eufraat">Eufraat</a> in de vruchtbare laagvlakten in het noorden van het toenmalige Mesopotamië, op de huidige grens tussen <a href="/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije">Turkije</a> en <a href="/wiki/Syri%C3%AB" title="Syrië">Syrië</a>. Het werd door de vorstendommen <a href="/wiki/Vorstendom_Antiochi%C3%AB" title="Vorstendom Antiochië">Antiochië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Cilicisch_Armeni%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilicisch Armenië">Cilicisch Armenië</a> van de Middellandse Zee gescheiden. Hoofdstad was <a href="/wiki/Edessa_(Turkije)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edessa (Turkije)">Edessa</a>. </p><p>De voornaamste lenen<sup class="noprint nopopups"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bronvermelding#Bron_gevraagd" title="Wikipedia:Bronvermelding"><span title="Voor deze uitspraak is sinds 10 maart 2023 een bronvermelding gewenst.">[bron?]</span></a></sup> van het graafschap<sup class="noprint nopopups"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bronvermelding#Bron_gevraagd" title="Wikipedia:Bronvermelding"><span title="Voor deze uitspraak is sinds 10 maart 2023 een bronvermelding gewenst.">[bron?]</span></a></sup> waren Turbessel, Bira (vandaag <a href="/wiki/Biredjik" class="mw-redirect" title="Biredjik">Biredjik</a>), <a href="/wiki/Marach" class="mw-redirect" title="Marach">Marach</a> en Melitene (nu <a href="/wiki/Malatya_(stad)" title="Malatya (stad)">Malatya</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graafschap_Edessa&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graafschap_Edessa&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1031 werd de stad met geweld ingenomen door legers van het <a href="/wiki/Byzantijnse_Rijk" title="Byzantijnse Rijk">Byzantijnse Rijk</a> op de Arabische bewoners. In <a href="/wiki/1077" title="1077">1077</a> werd het ingenomen door de Armeniër <a href="/wiki/Philaretos_Brachamios" title="Philaretos Brachamios">Philaretos Brachamios</a>. Deze creëerde daarmee een rijkje dat zich uitstrekte van <a href="/wiki/Antiochi%C3%AB" title="Antiochië">Antiochië</a> tot over de <a href="/wiki/Eufraat" title="Eufraat">Eufraat</a>. De nieuwe situatie vormde een doorn in het oog van de <a href="/wiki/Seltsjoeken" title="Seltsjoeken">Seltsjoeken</a>, die het centrale deel van het huidige Turkije beheersten. Snel veroverden zij het grootste deel van <a href="/wiki/Philaretos_Brachamios" title="Philaretos Brachamios">Philaterios</a>' landen, en lieten hem slechts Marach. <a href="/wiki/Edessa_(Turkije)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edessa (Turkije)">Edessa</a> viel in <a href="/wiki/1086" title="1086">1086</a> in hun handen. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1095" title="1095">1095</a> kon <a href="/wiki/Thoros_van_Edessa" title="Thoros van Edessa">Thoros</a>, oud-luitenant van Philaterios, het Seltsjoekse garnizoen in de citadel van Edessa uitschakelen, waarna hij zich meester maakte van de stad. Hij wist weerstand te bieden aan de daaropvolgende aanvallen van de Seltsjoeken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Machtsovername_Rooms-Katholieke_kerk_en_bondgenoten">Machtsovername Rooms-Katholieke kerk en bondgenoten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graafschap_Edessa&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Machtsovername Rooms-Katholieke kerk en bondgenoten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graafschap_Edessa&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Machtsovername Rooms-Katholieke kerk en bondgenoten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Balduin_Edesa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Balduin_Edesa.jpg/260px-Balduin_Edesa.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Balduin_Edesa.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption>Aankomst in Edessa van hertog Boudewijn</figcaption></figure> <p>Omstreeks 1095 hadden in het nabijgelegen Antiochië legers van de Rooms-Katholiek kerk en haar bondgenoten een machtsovername afgedwongen. <a href="/wiki/Thoros_van_Edessa" title="Thoros van Edessa">Thoros</a> verzocht hen om hulp. <a href="/wiki/Boudewijn_van_Boulogne" class="mw-redirect" title="Boudewijn van Boulogne">Boudewijn van Boulogne</a>, broer van <a href="/wiki/Godfried_van_Bouillon" title="Godfried van Bouillon">Godfried van Bouillon</a>, ging op het verzoek in, liet zijn leger Edessa innemen en verplichtte Thoros om hem als zijn opvolger te benoemen. Thoros zelf vond kort daarna, op 9 maart <a href="/wiki/1098" title="1098">1098</a>, de dood tijdens een opstand, misschien met medeweten van Boudewijn van Boulogne, die zelf <a href="/wiki/Lijst_der_graven_van_Edessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Lijst der graven van Edessa">graaf van Edessa</a> werd. </p><p>Boudewijn slaagde erin om de bevolking voor zich te winnen, in de eerste plaats door zich een Armeense tot vrouw te nemen (een politiek die door zijn twee opvolgers zou worden gevolgd), maar ook door het succesvol terugslaan van de Seltsjoeken. Zo kon hij zijn domein uitbreiden tot aan de oevers van de Eufraat, en hij droomde er reeds van om de regio <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r_(stad)" title="Diyarbakır (stad)">Diyarbakır</a> en vervolgens <a href="/wiki/Mosoel" title="Mosoel">Mosoel</a> in te lijven, toen hem het bericht bereikte dat zijn broer <a href="/wiki/Godfried_van_Bouillon" title="Godfried van Bouillon">Godfried</a> gestorven was. Deze had ondertussen het <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Jeruzalem" title="Koninkrijk Jeruzalem">koninkrijk Jeruzalem</a> gesticht, maar nu was de troon vacant, en Boudewijn vertrok spoorslags om de opvolging op te eisen. Edessa liet hij aan zijn neef <a href="/wiki/Boudewijn_van_Bourcq" class="mw-redirect" title="Boudewijn van Bourcq">Boudewijn van Bourcq</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Map_Crusader_states_1135-nl.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Map_Crusader_states_1135-nl.svg/260px-Map_Crusader_states_1135-nl.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Map_Crusader_states_1135-nl.svg/390px-Map_Crusader_states_1135-nl.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Map_Crusader_states_1135-nl.svg/520px-Map_Crusader_states_1135-nl.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van zogenaamde "kruisvaardersstaten", met rechtsboven Edessa</figcaption></figure> <p>Boudewijn II zette de politiek van zijn voorganger verder. Hij knoopte betrekkingen aan met de Armeense heersers van <a href="/wiki/Marach" class="mw-redirect" title="Marach">Marach</a> en Melitene (Malatya) in het noorden, en wist hen zijn soevereiniteit op te leggen; en hij richtte zijn blik zuidwaarts naar Harran, eerste etappe op de weg naar Mosoel. De <a href="/wiki/Slag_bij_Harran" title="Slag bij Harran">Slag bij Harran</a> in <a href="/wiki/1104" title="1104">1104</a> stelde echter meteen een einde aan dat streven, en Boudewijn werd gevangengenomen. Nu zagen de Seltsjoeken hun kans schoon en ze veroverden het noorden van het graafschap; Edessa zelf echter werd dapper verdedigd door de regent <a href="/wiki/Richard_van_Salerno" title="Richard van Salerno">Richard van Salerno</a>. Boudewijn II werd uiteindelijk, in <a href="/wiki/1108" title="1108">1108</a> bevrijd. </p><p>Nadat Boudewijn in <a href="/wiki/1118" title="1118">1118</a> koning van Jeruzalem geworden was, vertrouwde hij het graafschap eerst toe aan een van zijn beide neven, <a href="/wiki/Walram_van_Le_Puiset" title="Walram van Le Puiset">Walram van Le Puiset</a>, en vervolgens aan Josselin van Courtenay, met wie hij zich intussen had verzoend. </p><p>Het graafschap bestond op dat moment uit enkele onneembare steden op de oostelijke oever van de <a href="/wiki/Eufraat" title="Eufraat">Eufraat</a>, omringd door een ontvolkt platteland dat werd beheerst door rondtrekkende Seltsjoeken, en de welvarende streek van Turbessel, op de westelijke oever. In <a href="/wiki/1113" title="1113">1113</a> nam Boudewijn Turbessel in, verdreef zijn leenman <a href="/wiki/Jocelin_I_van_Edessa" title="Jocelin I van Edessa">Josselin van Courtenay</a> en plaatste de stad direct onder zijn gezag. </p><p>Josselin I werd in <a href="/wiki/1123" title="1123">1123</a> gevangengenomen door Balak, heerser over het naburige Mardin, en opgesloten in de citadel van Karputh. Daarop drongen 50 als handelaars vermomde Armeniërs de vesting binnen waar hij werd vastgehouden, en bevrijdden de graaf, ook al lieten de meesten onder hen daarbij zelf het leven. Josselin sloeg daarna hard terug en vergrootte daarbij nog zijn graafschap; hij bereikte zelfs de <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a> ten noorden van <a href="/wiki/Mosoel" title="Mosoel">Mosoel</a>. Maar nog vóór hij die laatste stad kon innemen, overleed hij in <a href="/wiki/1131" title="1131">1131</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verovering_1144_atabeg_zengi">Verovering 1144 atabeg zengi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graafschap_Edessa&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verovering 1144 atabeg zengi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graafschap_Edessa&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verovering 1144 atabeg zengi"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Zijn zoon <a href="/wiki/Jocelin_II_van_Edessa" title="Jocelin II van Edessa">Josselin II van Courtenay</a> vernietigde het werk van zijn voorgangers. Bij gelegenheid plunderend, en zich bemoeiend met de theologische twisten binnen de Syrische Kerk, verbleef hij meestal te Turbessel. Toen de <a href="/wiki/Atabeg" title="Atabeg">atabeg</a> <a href="/wiki/Zengi" title="Zengi">Zengi</a> in <a href="/wiki/1144" title="1144">1144</a> het beleg voor Edessa sloeg, had deze dan ook geen enkele moeite om de stad te veroveren op het veel te zwakke garnizoen. Profiterend van Zenghi's dood, kwam de bevolking op <a href="/wiki/27_oktober" title="27 oktober">27 oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1146" title="1146">1146</a> in opstand, en zo kon Josselin II toch nog naar de hoofdstad terugkeren. Niet voor lang echter, want Zenghi's opvolger <a href="/wiki/Nur_ad-Din" title="Nur ad-Din">Nur ad-Din</a> kwam de stad heroveren; Josselin moest vluchten, de Armeense bevolking van de stad werd over de kling gejaagd en de Syriërs verdreven. Turbessel viel in <a href="/wiki/1149" title="1149">1149</a>, meteen het einde van het hele graafschap.</p><div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie ook: <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_graven_van_Edessa" title="Lijst van graven van Edessa">Lijst van graven van Edessa</a></i></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graafschap_Edessa&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graafschap_Edessa&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Nederlands">(<span>nl</span>) </span></b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071219183329/http://www.bijbelseplaatsen.nl/plaatsen/Edessa.htm"><i>Edessa</i></a>, beschrijving bij Bijbelseplaatsen.nl</li> <li><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span></b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130924230845/http://www.livius.org/ea-eh/edessa/edessa.html"><i>Edessa (Sanli Urfa)</i></a>, beschrijving bij <a href="/wiki/Livius.org" title="Livius.org">Livius.org</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graafschap_Edessa&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graafschap_Edessa&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bibliografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>René Grousset, <i>L'Empire du Levant, Histoire de la question d'Oriënt</i>,1949, <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/2-228-12530-X" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/2-228-12530-X">ISBN 2-228-12530-X</a></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Bauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Bauer (de pagina bestaat niet)">Walter Bauer</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090204173233/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~humm/Resources/Bauer/bauer01.htm#FN1"><i>Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity</i></a>, 1934 <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span></b> 1971.</li> <li>A. von Gutschmid, <i>Untersuchungen über die Geschichte des Königliches Osroëne</i>, en <i>Mémoires de l'Académie impériale des Sciences de S. Petersbourg</i>, ser. 7, vol. 35.1, St. Petersburg, 1887.</li> <li>J. B. Segal, <i>Edessa: "The Blessed City"</i>, Oxford and New York: University Press, 1970.</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Kruisvaardersstaten"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_kruisvaardersstaten&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Kruisvaardersstaten" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Kruisvaardersstaten" title="Kruisvaardersstaten">Kruisvaardersstaten</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Eerste_Kruistocht" title="Eerste Kruistocht">Eerste Kruistocht</a>:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Graafschap Edessa</a> (1098-1144) · <a href="/wiki/Vorstendom_Antiochi%C3%AB" title="Vorstendom Antiochië">Vorstendom Antiochië</a> (1098-1268) · <a href="/wiki/Graafschap_Tripoli" title="Graafschap Tripoli">Graafschap Tripoli</a> (1109-1289) · <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Jeruzalem" title="Koninkrijk Jeruzalem">Koninkrijk Jeruzalem</a> (1099-1291)</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Derde_Kruistocht" title="Derde Kruistocht">Derde Kruistocht</a>:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Cyprus" title="Koninkrijk Cyprus">Koninkrijk Cyprus</a> (1192-1489)</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Vierde_Kruistocht" title="Vierde Kruistocht">Vierde Kruistocht</a>:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Latijnse_Keizerrijk" title="Latijnse Keizerrijk">Latijnse Keizerrijk</a> (1204-1261) · <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Thessaloniki" title="Koninkrijk Thessaloniki">Koninkrijk Thessaloniki</a> (1205-1224) · <a href="/wiki/Vorstendom_Achaje" title="Vorstendom Achaje">Vorstendom Achaje</a> (1205-1432) · <a href="/wiki/Hertogdom_Athene" title="Hertogdom Athene">Hertogdom Athene</a> (1205-1458) · <a href="/wiki/Hertogdom_Naxos" title="Hertogdom Naxos">Hertogdom Naxos</a> (1207-1579)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small>Vazalstaten zijn niet weergegeven.</small> </p> </div></div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:County_of_Edessa#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:County of Edessa">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:County_of_Edessa#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:County of Edessa">County of Edessa</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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