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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-Q61Y5YWXL4"></script><script>window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}gtag('js',new Date());gtag('config','G-Q61Y5YWXL4');</script><title>ERIC - Search Results</title><meta name="description" content="ERIC is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education."><meta name="citation_abstract" content="ERIC is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education."><link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="css/eric.css?v=0.9" media="all"><link rel="image_src" href="img/icon_fbshare.png"><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/respond.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/eric.js?v=0.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript">$(function() {dser();$('div#divListActions input[type=submit][value=Close]').click(function() {$('div.boxListAction').hide();return(false);});$('#divSaveList input[type=submit][value!=Close]').click(function() {this.disabled=true;var postC = $.post('d.ashx' + window.location.search + '&post=save&check=notreqd&email=' + $('#inputEmail').val());postC.done(function() {$('#divSaveList input[type=submit]').prop('disabled',false);alert('An email containing a link to your search has been sent.');$('#divSaveList').hide();});postC.fail(function() {$('#divSaveList input[type=submit]').prop('disabled',false);if(postC.status && postC.status=='500'){alert('Email could not be delivered. 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id="imgLogo" alt="ERIC - Institute of Education Sciences" /></a></div> <div id="sbar"> <form id="f"> <div> <div id="tab1" class="sTab"><span>Collection</span></div> <div id="tab1b" class="sTab"><a href="#thesaurus">Thesaurus</a></div> <a id="atips" href="?advanced">Advanced<br />Search Tips</a> <input id="s" type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search education resources" /> <input type="submit" value="Search" /> </div> <div id="sopt"> <label><input type="checkbox" name="pr" /> Peer reviewed only</label> <label><input type="checkbox" name="ft" /> Full text available on ERIC</label> </div> </form> <form id="ft" style="display:none"> <div> <div id="tab2b" class="sTab"><a href="#collection">Collection</a></div> <div id="tab2" class="sTab"><span>Thesaurus</span></div> <a id="attips" href="?ti=all">Browse<br />Thesaurus</a> <input id="st" type="text" name="qt" placeholder="Search thesaurus descriptors" /> <input type="submit" value="Search" /> </div> <div id="soptt"> <label><input type="checkbox" name="ts" /> Include Synonyms</label> <label><input type="checkbox" name="td" /> Include Dead terms</label> </div> </form> </div> <div id="r"> <div id="rf"><div class="rf_h"><div>Publication Date</div><table style="width:100%"><tr><td title="In 2024"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=dtyIn_2024" class="fdate">In 2024</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td title="Since 2023"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=dtySince_2023" class="fdate">Since 2023</a></td><td style="text-align:right">7</td></tr><tr><td title="Since 2020 (last 5 years)"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=dtySince_2020" class="fdate">Since 2020 (last 5 years)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">28</td></tr><tr><td title="Since 2015 (last 10 years)"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=dtySince_2015" class="fdate">Since 2015 (last 10 years)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">64</td></tr><tr><td title="Since 2005 (last 20 years)"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=dtySince_2005" class="fdate">Since 2005 (last 20 years)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">71</td></tr></table></div><div class="rf_h"><div>Descriptor</div><table style="width:100%"><tr><td title="Reading Comprehension"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subReading+Comprehension">Reading Comprehension</a></td><td style="text-align:right">43</td></tr><tr><td title="Intelligent Tutoring Systems"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subIntelligent+Tutoring+Systems">Intelligent Tutoring Systems</a></td><td style="text-align:right">38</td></tr><tr><td title="Adult Literacy"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subAdult+Literacy">Adult Literacy</a></td><td style="text-align:right">34</td></tr><tr><td title="Reading Difficulties"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subReading+Difficulties">Reading Difficulties</a></td><td style="text-align:right">23</td></tr><tr><td title="Reading Skills"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subReading+Skills">Reading Skills</a></td><td style="text-align:right">20</td></tr><tr><td title="Foreign Countries"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subForeign+Countries">Foreign Countries</a></td><td style="text-align:right">18</td></tr><tr><td title="Adults"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subAdults">Adults</a></td><td style="text-align:right">17</td></tr><tr><td title="Decoding (Reading)"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subDecoding+(Reading)">Decoding (Reading)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">16</td></tr><tr><td title="Educational Technology"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subEducational+Technology">Educational Technology</a></td><td style="text-align:right">16</td></tr><tr><td title="Natural Language Processing"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subNatural+Language+Processing">Natural Language Processing</a></td><td style="text-align:right">16</td></tr><tr><td title="Achievement Tests"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subAchievement+Tests">Achievement Tests</a></td><td style="text-align:right">15</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Adult Students"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subAdult+Students">Adult Students</a></td><td style="text-align:right">13</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Correlation"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subCorrelation">Correlation</a></td><td style="text-align:right">12</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Teaching Methods"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subTeaching+Methods">Teaching Methods</a></td><td style="text-align:right">12</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Reading Tests"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subReading+Tests">Reading Tests</a></td><td style="text-align:right">11</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Technology Uses in Education"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subTechnology+Uses+in+Education">Technology Uses in Education</a></td><td style="text-align:right">11</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Adult Learning"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subAdult+Learning">Adult Learning</a></td><td style="text-align:right">10</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Artificial Intelligence"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subArtificial+Intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a></td><td style="text-align:right">9</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Reading Instruction"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subReading+Instruction">Reading Instruction</a></td><td style="text-align:right">9</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Scores"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subScores">Scores</a></td><td style="text-align:right">9</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Accuracy"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subAccuracy">Accuracy</a></td><td style="text-align:right">8</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Semantics"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subSemantics">Semantics</a></td><td style="text-align:right">8</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Computer Software"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subComputer+Software">Computer Software</a></td><td style="text-align:right">7</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Oral Language"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subOral+Language">Oral Language</a></td><td style="text-align:right">7</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Prediction"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=subPrediction">Prediction</a></td><td style="text-align:right">7</td></tr><tfoot><tr><td colspan="2" class="rf_m"><a href="#">More ▼</a></td></tr></tfoot></table></div><div class="rf_h"><div>Source</div><table style="width:100%"><tr><td title="Grantee Submission"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=souGrantee+Submission">Grantee Submission</a></td><td style="text-align:right">48</td></tr><tr><td title="International Educational Data Mining Society"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=souInternational+Educational+Data+Mining+Society">International Educational…</a></td><td style="text-align:right">5</td></tr><tr><td title="International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=souInternational+Journal+of+Artificial+Intelligence+in+Education">International Journal of…</a></td><td style="text-align:right">3</td></tr><tr><td title="Adult Literacy Education"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=souAdult+Literacy+Education">Adult Literacy Education</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2</td></tr><tr><td title="Journal of Learning Disabilities"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=souJournal+of+Learning+Disabilities">Journal of Learning…</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2</td></tr><tr><td title="Journal of Research in Reading"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=souJournal+of+Research+in+Reading">Journal of Research in Reading</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2</td></tr><tr><td title="Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=souReading+and+Writing%3a+An+Interdisciplinary+Journal">Reading and Writing: An…</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2</td></tr><tr><td title="COABE Journal: The Resource for Adult Education"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=souCOABE+Journal%3a+The+Resource+for+Adult+Education">COABE Journal: The Resource…</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td title="Cambridge University Press"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=souCambridge+University+Press">Cambridge University Press</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td title="Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=souDiscourse+Processes%3a+A+Multidisciplinary+Journal">Discourse Processes: A…</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td title="Elementary School Journal"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=souElementary+School+Journal">Elementary School Journal</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="English Teaching"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=souEnglish+Teaching">English Teaching</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Scientific Studies of Reading"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=souScientific+Studies+of+Reading">Scientific Studies of Reading</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Technology, Knowledge and Learning"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=souTechnology%2c+Knowledge+and+Learning">Technology, Knowledge and…</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tfoot><tr><td colspan="2" class="rf_m"><a href="#">More ▼</a></td></tr></tfoot></table></div><div class="rf_h"><div>Author</div><table style="width:100%"><tr><td title="Graesser, Arthur C."><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autGraesser%2c+Arthur+C.">Graesser, Arthur C.</a></td><td style="text-align:right">26</td></tr><tr><td title="Greenberg, Daphne"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autGreenberg%2c+Daphne">Greenberg, Daphne</a></td><td style="text-align:right">24</td></tr><tr><td title="Cai, Zhiqiang"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autCai%2c+Zhiqiang">Cai, Zhiqiang</a></td><td style="text-align:right">17</td></tr><tr><td title="Talwar, Amani"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autTalwar%2c+Amani">Talwar, Amani</a></td><td style="text-align:right">12</td></tr><tr><td title="Graesser, Art"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autGraesser%2c+Art">Graesser, Art</a></td><td style="text-align:right">9</td></tr><tr><td title="Li, Haiying"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autLi%2c+Haiying">Li, Haiying</a></td><td style="text-align:right">9</td></tr><tr><td title="Olney, Andrew M."><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autOlney%2c+Andrew+M.">Olney, Andrew M.</a></td><td style="text-align:right">9</td></tr><tr><td title="Shi, Genghu"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autShi%2c+Genghu">Shi, Genghu</a></td><td style="text-align:right">9</td></tr><tr><td title="Chen, Su"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autChen%2c+Su">Chen, Su</a></td><td style="text-align:right">8</td></tr><tr><td title="Fang, Ying"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autFang%2c+Ying">Fang, Ying</a></td><td style="text-align:right">8</td></tr><tr><td title="Graesser, Arthur"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autGraesser%2c+Arthur">Graesser, Arthur</a></td><td style="text-align:right">8</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Li, Hongli"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autLi%2c+Hongli">Li, Hongli</a></td><td style="text-align:right">8</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Lippert, Anne"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autLippert%2c+Anne">Lippert, Anne</a></td><td style="text-align:right">8</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Hu, Xiangen"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autHu%2c+Xiangen">Hu, Xiangen</a></td><td style="text-align:right">7</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Daphne Greenberg"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autDaphne+Greenberg">Daphne Greenberg</a></td><td style="text-align:right">6</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Shubeck, Keith"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autShubeck%2c+Keith">Shubeck, Keith</a></td><td style="text-align:right">6</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Tighe, Elizabeth L."><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autTighe%2c+Elizabeth+L.">Tighe, Elizabeth L.</a></td><td style="text-align:right">6</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Feng, Shi"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autFeng%2c+Shi">Feng, Shi</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Sabatini, John"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autSabatini%2c+John">Sabatini, John</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Amani Talwar"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autAmani+Talwar">Amani Talwar</a></td><td style="text-align:right">3</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="D'Mello, Sidney K."><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autD%27Mello%2c+Sidney+K.">D'Mello, Sidney K.</a></td><td style="text-align:right">3</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Eagan, Brendan"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autEagan%2c+Brendan">Eagan, Brendan</a></td><td style="text-align:right">3</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Frijters, Jan"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autFrijters%2c+Jan">Frijters, Jan</a></td><td style="text-align:right">3</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Frijters, Jan C."><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autFrijters%2c+Jan+C.">Frijters, Jan C.</a></td><td style="text-align:right">3</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td title="Gatewood, Jessica"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=autGatewood%2c+Jessica">Gatewood, Jessica</a></td><td style="text-align:right">3</td></tr><tfoot><tr><td colspan="2" class="rf_m"><a href="#">More ▼</a></td></tr></tfoot></table></div><div class="rf_h"><div>Publication Type</div><table style="width:100%"><tr><td title="Reports - Research"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=pubReports+-+Research">Reports - Research</a></td><td style="text-align:right">55</td></tr><tr><td title="Speeches/Meeting Papers"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=pubSpeeches%2fMeeting+Papers">Speeches/Meeting Papers</a></td><td style="text-align:right">26</td></tr><tr><td title="Journal Articles"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=pubJournal+Articles">Journal Articles</a></td><td style="text-align:right">25</td></tr><tr><td title="Reports - Descriptive"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=pubReports+-+Descriptive">Reports - Descriptive</a></td><td style="text-align:right">10</td></tr><tr><td title="Reports - Evaluative"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=pubReports+-+Evaluative">Reports - Evaluative</a></td><td style="text-align:right">6</td></tr><tr><td title="Books"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=pubBooks">Books</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td title="Tests/Questionnaires"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=pubTests%2fQuestionnaires">Tests/Questionnaires</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr></table></div><div class="rf_h"><div>Education Level</div><table style="width:100%"><tr><td title="Adult Education"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=eduAdult+Education">Adult Education</a></td><td style="text-align:right">27</td></tr><tr><td title="Higher Education"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=eduHigher+Education">Higher Education</a></td><td style="text-align:right">6</td></tr><tr><td title="Postsecondary Education"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=eduPostsecondary+Education">Postsecondary Education</a></td><td style="text-align:right">5</td></tr><tr><td title="Adult Basic Education"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=eduAdult+Basic+Education">Adult Basic Education</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4</td></tr><tr><td title="Elementary Education"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=eduElementary+Education">Elementary Education</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4</td></tr><tr><td title="Secondary Education"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=eduSecondary+Education">Secondary Education</a></td><td style="text-align:right">3</td></tr><tr><td title="High Schools"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=eduHigh+Schools">High Schools</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2</td></tr><tr><td title="High School Equivalency Programs"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=eduHigh+School+Equivalency+Programs">High School Equivalency…</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr></table></div><div class="rf_h"><div>Audience</div><table style="width:100%"><tr><td title="Practitioners"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=audPractitioners">Practitioners</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr></table></div><div class="rf_h"><div>Location</div><table style="width:100%"><tr><td title="Georgia (Atlanta)"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=locGeorgia+(Atlanta)">Georgia (Atlanta)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">10</td></tr><tr><td title="Canada"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=locCanada">Canada</a></td><td style="text-align:right">9</td></tr><tr><td title="Canada (Toronto)"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=locCanada+(Toronto)">Canada (Toronto)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">8</td></tr><tr><td title="United States"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=locUnited+States">United States</a></td><td style="text-align:right">8</td></tr><tr><td title="India"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=locIndia">India</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td title="Tennessee (Memphis)"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=locTennessee+(Memphis)">Tennessee (Memphis)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr></table></div><div class="rf_h"><div>Laws, Policies, & Programs</div><table style="width:100%"></table></div><div class="rf_h"><div>Assessments and Surveys</div><table style="width:100%"><tr><td title="Woodcock Johnson Tests of Achievement"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=asmWoodcock+Johnson+Tests+of+Achievement">Woodcock Johnson Tests of…</a></td><td style="text-align:right">17</td></tr><tr><td title="Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=asmClinical+Evaluation+of+Language+Fundamentals">Clinical Evaluation of…</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4</td></tr><tr><td title="Test of Word Reading Efficiency"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=asmTest+of+Word+Reading+Efficiency">Test of Word Reading…</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2</td></tr><tr><td title="Gates MacGinitie Reading Tests"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=asmGates+MacGinitie+Reading+Tests">Gates MacGinitie Reading Tests</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td title="National Assessment of Educational Progress"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=asmNational+Assessment+of+Educational+Progress">National Assessment of…</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td title="Test of Adult Basic Education"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&ff1=asmTest+of+Adult+Basic+Education">Test of Adult Basic Education</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr></table></div><div class="rf_h"><div>What Works Clearinghouse Rating</div><table style="width:100%"></table></div></div> <div id="rr"> <div id="rrw"><div id="rr0">Showing 1 to 15 of 71 results <a href="#" onclick="if(document.getElementById('divSaveList').style.display=='block'){document.getElementById('divSaveList').style.display='none';}else{document.getElementById('divExportList').style.display='none';document.getElementById('divSaveList').style.display='block';loadIt();}return(false);">Save</a> | <a href="#" onclick="if(document.getElementById('divExportList').style.display=='block'){document.getElementById('divExportList').style.display='none';}else{document.getElementById('divSaveList').style.display='none';document.getElementById('divExportList').style.display='block';}return(false);">Export</a><div id="divListActions"><div id="divSaveList" class="boxListAction" style="display:none">Send an email containing a link to this search page and a summary of the results (limited to 50).<br /><input id="inputEmail" style="width:298px" type="text" placeholder="Enter your e-mail address" /><div id="html_element"></div><div style="text-align:right"><input type="submit" value="Send e-mail"><input type="submit" value="Close"></div></div><div id="divExportList" class="boxListAction" style="display:none">Create a file for use with citation management software, in a <a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/disted/pubmedtutorial/030_080.html" target="_blank">MEDLINE/PubMed</a>-style (.nbib) format.<br /><div style="margin:6px 0"><div><div style="float:left;width:108px;padding-top:10px">Start from result #</div><input id="inputExport" style="width:96px;padding:0" type="text" value="1" maxlength="8" size="5" /></div><div><div style="float:left;width:108px;padding-top:10px">Results to include</div><select id="selectExport" style="width:100px"><option value="10">10</option><option value="50">50</option><option value="100">100</option><option value="200">200</option></select></div></div><div style="text-align:right"><input type="submit" value="Create file"><input type="submit" value="Close"></div></div></div></div><div class="r_i" id="r_ED657319"><div class="r_t"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&id=ED657319" id="eED657319">The Relationship between Childhood Education and Adult Learner Characteristics</a></div><div class="r_f"><img src="img/reviewed_large.png" alt="Peer reviewed" /> Peer reviewed<br /><a target="_blank" title="https://doi.org/10.1007/s40955-024-00283-z" href="?redir=https%3a%2f%2fdoi.org%2f10.1007%2fs40955-024-00283-z"><img src="img/directLink.png" alt="Direct link" />Direct link</a><br /></div><div class="r_a">Christine Dunagin Miller; Daphne Greenberg; Robert Hendrick; Elizabeth L. Tighe – Grantee Submission, 2024</div><div class="r_d">Childhood education affects how individuals adapt to the challenges of adulthood. Although various generalizations are made relating childhood educational experiences to characteristics of adults, there is scant evidence to support those assertions for adult literacy learners in the United States. This study investigates the relationship of…</div><div class="keywords">Descriptors: Child Development, Educational Experience, Adult Literacy, Literacy Education</div></div><div class="r_i" id="r_ED628505"><div class="r_t"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&id=ED628505" id="eED628505">Exploring Moderational and Mediational Relations among Word Reading, Vocabulary, Sentence Processing, and Comprehension for Struggling Adult Readers</a></div><div class="r_f"><img src="img/reviewed_large.png" alt="Peer reviewed" /> Peer reviewed<br /><a href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED628505.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="img/pdficon_large.png" alt="PDF on ERIC" /> Download full text</a><br /><a target="_blank" title="http://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9817.12426" href="?redir=http%3a%2f%2fdoi.org%2f10.1111%2f1467-9817.12426"><img src="img/directLink.png" alt="Direct link" />Direct link</a><br /></div><div class="r_a">Daniel P. Feller; Amani Talwar; Daphne Greenberg; Ryan D. Kopatich; Joseph P. Magliano – Grantee Submission, 2023</div><div class="r_d">Background: A significant portion of adults struggle to read at a basic level. Word reading (defined here as decoding and word recognition) appears to play a pivotal role for this population of readers; however, less is known about how word reading relates to other important semantic processes (e.g., vocabulary, sentence processing) known to…</div><div class="keywords">Descriptors: Correlation, Word Recognition, Reading Comprehension, Reading Processes</div></div><div class="r_i" id="r_ED620471"><div class="r_t"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&id=ED620471" id="eED620471">Rate of Stuttering and Factors Associated with Speech Fluency Characteristics in Adult Struggling Readers</a></div><div class="r_f"><img src="img/reviewed_large.png" alt="Peer reviewed" /> Peer reviewed<br /><a href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED620471.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="img/pdficon_large.png" alt="PDF on ERIC" /> Download full text</a><br /><a target="_blank" title="https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194221095265" href="?redir=https%3a%2f%2fdoi.org%2f10.1177%2f00222194221095265"><img src="img/directLink.png" alt="Direct link" />Direct link</a><br /></div><div class="r_a">Ai Leen Choo; Daphne Greenberg; Hongli Li; Amani Talwar – Grantee Submission, 2022</div><div class="r_d">Stuttering is a disorder that affects about 1% of the population and manifests as speech disfluencies. Reading difficulties and disabilities are commonly found in this population. Nonetheless, speech disfluencies have not been explored in adult struggling readers (ASRs). In the current study, we examined the rate of stuttering in ASRs as well as…</div><div class="keywords">Descriptors: Stuttering, Incidence, Adults, Reading Difficulties</div></div><div class="r_i" id="r_EJ1295496"><div class="r_t"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&id=EJ1295496" id="eEJ1295496">Examining the Reading-Related Competencies of Struggling Adult Readers: Nuances across Reading Comprehension Assessments and Performance Levels</a></div><div class="r_f"><img src="img/reviewed_large.png" alt="Peer reviewed" /> Peer reviewed<br /><a target="_blank" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11145-021-10128-7" href="?redir=http%3a%2f%2fdx.doi.org%2f10.1007%2fs11145-021-10128-7"><img src="img/directLink.png" alt="Direct link" />Direct link</a><br /></div><div class="r_a">Talwar, Amani; Greenberg, Daphne; Tighe, Elizabeth L.; Li, Hongli – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2021</div><div class="r_d">Research with school-age readers suggests that the contributions of reading and language skills vary across reading comprehension assessments and proficiency levels. With a sample of 168 struggling adult readers, we estimated the explanatory effects of decoding, oral vocabulary, listening comprehension, fluency, background knowledge, and…</div><div class="keywords">Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Reading Tests, Language Skills, Reading Difficulties</div></div><div class="r_i" id="r_EJ1304805"><div class="r_t"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&id=EJ1304805" id="eEJ1304805">Reflections from Teaching Basic Adult Literacy</a></div><div class="r_f"><img src="img/reviewed_large.png" alt="Peer reviewed" /> Peer reviewed<br /><a href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1304805.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="img/pdficon_large.png" alt="PDF on ERIC" /> Download full text</a><br /></div><div class="r_a">Einarson, Inga; Miller, Christine; Rodgerson, Devi; Lacerenza, Lea; Lovett, Maureen W.; Greenberg, Daphne – Adult Literacy Education, 2021</div><div class="r_d">Teaching reading to adults who struggle with literacy learning is a difficult task, and there is a paucity of evidence-based programming designed especially for them. Three research teachers describe their experiences while teaching an evidence-based reading program to adult literacy students. This article provides an overview of the program…</div><div class="keywords">Descriptors: Adult Basic Education, Adult Literacy, Research and Development, Program Effectiveness</div></div><div class="r_i" id="r_ED618419"><div class="r_t"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&id=ED618419" id="eED618419">Using AutoTutor to Track Performance and Engagement in a Reading Comprehension Intervention for Adult Literacy Students</a></div><div class="r_f"><img src="img/reviewed_large.png" alt="Peer reviewed" /> Peer reviewed<br /><a href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED618419.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="img/pdficon_large.png" alt="PDF on ERIC" /> Download full text</a><br /><a target="_blank" title="http://www.revistasignos.cl/index.php/signos/article/view/776/402" href="?redir=http%3a%2f%2fwww.revistasignos.cl%2findex.php%2fsignos%2farticle%2fview%2f776%2f402"><img src="img/directLink.png" alt="Direct link" />Direct link</a><br /></div><div class="r_a">Graesser, Arthur C.; Greenberg, Daphne; Frijters, Jan C.; Talwar, Amani – Grantee Submission, 2021</div><div class="r_d">A large percentage of adults throughout the world have low reading skills. Computer technologies can potentially help these adults improve their literacy in addition to instructors at literacy centers. AutoTutor was designed to teach comprehension strategies by implementing conversational "trialogues" in which two computer agents (tutor…</div><div class="keywords">Descriptors: Reading Achievement, Learner Engagement, Reading Comprehension, Intervention</div></div><div class="r_i" id="r_ED610419"><div class="r_t"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&id=ED610419" id="eED610419">Examining the Reading-Related Competencies of Struggling Adult Readers: Nuances across Reading Comprehension Assessments and Performance Levels</a></div><div class="r_f"><img src="img/reviewed_large.png" alt="Peer reviewed" /> Peer reviewed<br /><a href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED610419.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="img/pdficon_large.png" alt="PDF on ERIC" /> Download full text</a><br /><a target="_blank" title="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-021-10128-7" href="?redir=https%3a%2f%2fdoi.org%2f10.1007%2fs11145-021-10128-7"><img src="img/directLink.png" alt="Direct link" />Direct link</a><br /></div><div class="r_a">Talwar, Amani; Greenberg, Daphne; Tighe, Elizabeth L.; Li, Hongli – Grantee Submission, 2021</div><div class="r_d">Research with school-age readers suggests that the contributions of reading and language skills vary across reading comprehension assessments and proficiency levels. With a sample of 168 struggling adult readers, we estimated the explanatory effects of decoding, oral vocabulary, listening comprehension, fluency, background knowledge, and…</div><div class="keywords">Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Reading Tests, Language Skills, Reading Difficulties</div></div><div class="r_i" id="r_ED596577"><div class="r_t"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&id=ED596577" id="eED596577">Assessing Computer Literacy of Adults with Low Literacy Skills</a></div><div class="r_f"><img src="img/reviewed_large.png" alt="Peer reviewed" /> Peer reviewed<br /><a href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED596577.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="img/pdficon_large.png" alt="PDF on ERIC" /> Download full text</a><br /></div><div class="r_a">Olney, Andrew M.; Bakhtiari, Dariush; Greenberg, Daphne; Graesser, Art – International Educational Data Mining Society, 2017</div><div class="r_d">Adaptive learning technologies hold great promise for improving the reading skills of adults with low literacy, but adults with low literacy skills typically have low computer literacy skills. In order to determine whether adults with low literacy skills would be able to use an intelligent tutoring system for reading comprehension, we adapted a 44…</div><div class="keywords">Descriptors: Computer Literacy, Reading Comprehension, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Correlation</div></div><div class="r_i" id="r_EJ1269235"><div class="r_t"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&id=EJ1269235" id="eEJ1269235">Identifying Profiles of Struggling Adult Readers: Relative Strengths and Weaknesses in Lower-Level and Higher-Level Competencies</a></div><div class="r_f"><img src="img/reviewed_large.png" alt="Peer reviewed" /> Peer reviewed<br /><a target="_blank" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11145-020-10038-0" href="?redir=http%3a%2f%2fdx.doi.org%2f10.1007%2fs11145-020-10038-0"><img src="img/directLink.png" alt="Direct link" />Direct link</a><br /></div><div class="r_a">Talwar, Amani; Greenberg, Daphne; Li, Hongli – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2020</div><div class="r_d">A major challenge in research with struggling adult readers is their heterogeneity in reading-related competencies and demographic characteristics. The purpose of this investigation was to identify unique profiles of skill sets among struggling adult readers and explore informative demographic differences between profiles. Using latent class…</div><div class="keywords">Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Adults, Reading Skills, Individual Characteristics</div></div><div class="r_i" id="r_ED618900"><div class="r_t"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&id=ED618900" id="eED618900">Impact of Conversational Formality on the Quality and Formality of Written Summaries</a></div><div class="r_f"><img src="img/reviewed_large.png" alt="Peer reviewed" /> Peer reviewed<br /><a href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED618900.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="img/pdficon_large.png" alt="PDF on ERIC" /> Download full text</a><br /><a target="_blank" title="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52237-7_26" href="?redir=https%3a%2f%2fdoi.org%2f10.1007%2f978-3-030-52237-7_26"><img src="img/directLink.png" alt="Direct link" />Direct link</a><br /></div><div class="r_a">Li, Haiying; Graesser, Art C. – Grantee Submission, 2020</div><div class="r_d">This study investigated the impact of conversational agent formality on the quality of summaries and formality of written summaries during the training session and on posttest in a trialog-based intelligent tutoring system (ITS). During training, participants learned summarization strategies with the guidance of conversational agents who spoke one…</div><div class="keywords">Descriptors: Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Writing Instruction, Writing Skills, Language Styles</div></div><div class="r_i" id="r_ED616962"><div class="r_t"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&id=ED616962" id="eED616962">The Impact of Conversational Agents' Language on Summary Writing</a></div><div class="r_f"><img src="img/reviewed_large.png" alt="Peer reviewed" /> Peer reviewed<br /><a href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED616962.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="img/pdficon_large.png" alt="PDF on ERIC" /> Download full text</a><br /><a target="_blank" title="https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2020.1826022" href="?redir=https%3a%2f%2fdoi.org%2f10.1080%2f15391523.2020.1826022"><img src="img/directLink.png" alt="Direct link" />Direct link</a><br /></div><div class="r_a">Li, Haiying; Graesser, Art C. – Grantee Submission, 2020</div><div class="r_d">This study investigated how computer agents' language style affects summary writing in an Intelligent Tutoring System, called CSAL AutoTutor. Participants interacted with two computer agents in one of three language styles: (1) a "formal" language style; (2) an "informal" language style; and (3) a "mixed" language…</div><div class="keywords">Descriptors: Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Language Styles, Writing (Composition), Writing Improvement</div></div><div class="r_i" id="r_ED609699"><div class="r_t"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&id=ED609699" id="eED609699">Reflections from Teaching Basic Adult Literacy</a></div><div class="r_f"><img src="img/reviewed_large.png" alt="Peer reviewed" /> Peer reviewed<br /><a href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED609699.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="img/pdficon_large.png" alt="PDF on ERIC" /> Download full text</a><br /><a target="_blank" title="http://doi.org/10.35847/IEinarson.CMiller.DRodgerson.LLacerenza.MLovett.DGreenberg.3.2.37" href="?redir=http%3a%2f%2fdoi.org%2f10.35847%2fIEinarson.CMiller.DRodgerson.LLacerenza.MLovett.DGreenberg.3.2.37"><img src="img/directLink.png" alt="Direct link" />Direct link</a><br /></div><div class="r_a">Einarson, Inga; Miller, Christine; Rodgerson, Devi; Lacerenza, Lea; Lovett, Maureen W.; Greenberg, Daphne – Grantee Submission, 2020</div><div class="r_d">This article describes the experiences of three research teachers working for an adult literacy research and development center (csal.gsu.edu). This paper provides an overview of the program content delivered in the research adult literacy classes, shares experiences teaching this program, describes the learners' responses to the program, and…</div><div class="keywords">Descriptors: Adult Basic Education, Adult Literacy, Research and Development, Program Effectiveness</div></div><div class="r_i" id="r_ED604269"><div class="r_t"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&id=ED604269" id="eED604269">Identifying Profiles of Struggling Adult Readers: Relative Strengths and Weaknesses in Lower-Level and Higher-Level Competencies</a></div><div class="r_f"><img src="img/reviewed_large.png" alt="Peer reviewed" /> Peer reviewed<br /><a href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED604269.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="img/pdficon_large.png" alt="PDF on ERIC" /> Download full text</a><br /><a target="_blank" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11145-020-10038-0" href="?redir=http%3a%2f%2fdx.doi.org%2f10.1007%2fs11145-020-10038-0"><img src="img/directLink.png" alt="Direct link" />Direct link</a><br /></div><div class="r_a">Talwar, Amani; Greenberg, Daphne; Li, Hongli – Grantee Submission, 2020</div><div class="r_d">A major challenge in research with struggling adult readers is their heterogeneity in reading-related competencies and demographic characteristics. The purpose of this investigation was to identify unique profiles of skill sets among struggling adult readers and explore informative demographic differences between profiles. Using latent class…</div><div class="keywords">Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Adults, Reading Skills, Individual Characteristics</div></div><div class="r_i" id="r_ED608657"><div class="r_t"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&id=ED608657" id="eED608657">Unpacking the Simple View of Reading for Struggling Adult Readers</a></div><div class="r_f"><img src="img/reviewed_large.png" alt="Peer reviewed" /> Peer reviewed<br /><a href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED608657.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="img/pdficon_large.png" alt="PDF on ERIC" /> Download full text</a><br /><a target="_blank" title="https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219420979964" href="?redir=https%3a%2f%2fdoi.org%2f10.1177%2f0022219420979964"><img src="img/directLink.png" alt="Direct link" />Direct link</a><br /></div><div class="r_a">Talwar, Amani; Greenberg, Daphne; Tighe, Elizabeth L.; Li, Hongli – Grantee Submission, 2020</div><div class="r_d">The Simple View of Reading (SVR), which posits that reading comprehension is the product of decoding and linguistic comprehension, has been studied extensively with school-age readers. However, little is known about the intricacies of the SVR for adults who struggle with reading. The current study addresses notable gaps in this literature,…</div><div class="keywords">Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Adults, Reading Comprehension, Decoding (Reading)</div></div><div class="r_i" id="r_EJ1389896"><div class="r_t"><a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&id=EJ1389896" id="eEJ1389896">An Intelligent Tutoring System for Adult Literacy Learners: Lessons for Practitioners</a></div><div class="r_f"><img src="img/reviewed_large.png" alt="Peer reviewed" /> Peer reviewed<br /><a href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1389896.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="img/pdficon_large.png" alt="PDF on ERIC" /> Download full text</a><br /></div><div class="r_a">Greenberg, Daphne; Miller, Christine; Graesser, Arthur C. – Adult Literacy Education, 2023</div><div class="r_d">This article is written by two researchers and a teacher involved with the development and implementation of a web-based intelligent tutoring system for adults reading at elementary levels. A description of the tool is provided, followed by some of the challenges faced in designing, developing, and using the tool in adult literacy classrooms.</div><div class="keywords">Descriptors: Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Adult Students, Adult Basic Education, Reading Comprehension</div></div></div> <div id="rrm"><div style="padding-top:16px;text-align:right"><div style="text-align:left;float:left">Previous Page | <a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&pg=2">Next Page 禄</a></div>Pages: 1  |  <a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&pg=2"><strong>2</strong></a>  |  <a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&pg=3"><strong>3</strong></a>  |  <a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&pg=4"><strong>4</strong></a>  |  <a href="?q=%22R305C120001%22&pg=5"><strong>5</strong></a></div></div> <div><div id="ftrPadding"><div id="ftr"><div id="ftrSocial"> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/SearchEduResources" id="facebook" style="padding-bottom:5px"><img src="img/icon_facebook.gif" alt="Facebook" width="16" height="16" border="0"></a> <a href="http://www.twitter.com/ERICinfo" id="twitter"><img src="img/icon_twitter.gif" alt="Twitter" width="16" height="16" border="0"></a></div><div id="ftrLogos"><a href="http://www.ed.gov"><img src="img/logo_ed.gif" alt="Department of Education"></a><a href="http://ies.ed.gov"><img src="img/logo_ies.gif" alt="Institute of Education Statistics"></a></div><div id="centerLinks"><a href="?privacy">Privacy</a> | <a href="?copyright">Copyright</a> | <a href="?contact">Contact Us</a> | <a href="?selection">Selection Policy</a> | <a href="?api">API</a> | <a href="metrics">Metrics</a><div><a href="?journals">Journals</a> | <a href="?nonjournals">Non-Journals</a> | <a href="?download">Download</a> | <a href="submit">Submit</a> | <a href="?multimedia">Multimedia</a> | <a href="?widget">Widget</a></div></div></div><script id="_fed_an_ua_tag" language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="/js/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?pga4=55622235&agency=ED&subagency=ERIC"></script></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="i"></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ if(self!=top) {top.location=self.location;} //]]></script> </body> </html>