CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="io" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Tokamak - Wikipedio</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )iowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","di januaro","di februaro","di marto","di aprilo","di mayo","di junio","di julio","di agosto","di septembro","di oktobro","di novembro","di decembro"],"wgRequestId":"260a3312-08ec-442c-af04-c5d2eb78862a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Tokamak","wgTitle":"Tokamak","wgCurRevisionId":993776,"wgRevisionId":993776,"wgArticleId":50988,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Elektro","Fiziko","Injeniorarto","Rusiana fizikisti"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"io","wgPageContentLanguage":"io","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Tokamak","wgRelevantArticleId":50988,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault": true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"io","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"io"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":4000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q188589","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading", "skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=io&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=io&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=io&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Schematic-of-a-tokamak-chamber-and-magnetic-profile.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="828"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Schematic-of-a-tokamak-chamber-and-magnetic-profile.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="552"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="442"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Tokamak - Wikipedio"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//io.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Redaktar" href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedio (io)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//io.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.io"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedio Atom Provizajo" href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:RecentaChanji&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Tokamak rootpage-Tokamak skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Irez a kontenajo</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retopagino"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Chef-menuo" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Chef-menuo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Chef-menuo</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">movar a latera panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">celez</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigado </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Frontispico" title="Vizitez la chefpagino [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Chefpagino</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Komuneso-portalo" title="Pri la projeto, quon vu facus, ube trovus utilaji"><span>Portalo di la komunitato</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Aktualaji" title="Trovez informi pri nuna eventi"><span>Aktualajo</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:RecentaChanji" title="Listo di recenta chanji en la wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recenta chanji</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:HazardaPagino" title="Vizitez hazarda pagino [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Pagino hazarde</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Helpo" title="La loko por trovar ulo."><span>Helpo</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Frontispico" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedio" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-io.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="La Libera Enciklopedio" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-io.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specala:Serchar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Serchar en Wikipedio [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Serchuro</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Serchez en Wikipedio" aria-label="Serchez en Wikipedio" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Serchar en Wikipedio [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specala:Serchar"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Serchez</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personala utensili"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspekto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspekto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_io.wikipedia.org&uselang=io" class=""><span>Donacaji</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:KrearKonto&returnto=Tokamak" title="Vu stimulesas a krear konto e facar "log in". Tamen, to ne esas obliganta" class=""><span>Krear konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:Enirar&returnto=Tokamak" title="Vu darfas enirar uzante vua pas-vorto, ma lo ne esas preskriptata. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Enirar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Plusa selekti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personala utensili" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personala utensili</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="Uzero-menuo" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_io.wikipedia.org&uselang=io"><span>Donacaji</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Kontributar</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:KrearKonto&returnto=Tokamak" title="Vu stimulesas a krear konto e facar "log in". Tamen, to ne esas obliganta"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Krear konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:Enirar&returnto=Tokamak" title="Vu darfas enirar uzante vua pas-vorto, ma lo ne esas preskriptata. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Enirar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagini por redakteri neenrejistrita <a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enkonduko" aria-label="Savez pluse pri quale redaktar"><span>lernez pluse</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:MeaDiskuti" title="Diskuto pri redakti de ca IP-adreso [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Debatar per ca IP-adreso</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retopagino"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kontenajo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kontenajo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">movar a latera panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">celez</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Komenco dil artiklo</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nomo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nomo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kontenajo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tokamak</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 55 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 Lingui</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83" title="توكاماك — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توكاماك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7)" title="توکاماک (فیزیک پلاسما) — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توکاماک (فیزیک پلاسما)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Токамак — baŝkira" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Токамак" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baŝkira" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Токамак — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Токамак" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — bosna" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA" title="Τόκαμακ — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τόκαμακ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamako" title="Tokamako — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tokamako" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%A9" title="توکامک — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توکامک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3camac" title="Tócamac — irlanda" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tócamac" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="टोकामाक — hinda" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टोकामाक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — hungara" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Տոկամակ — armena" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տոկամակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%82%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E5%9E%8B" title="トカマク型 — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トカマク型" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ტოკამაკი — kartvela" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტოკამაკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="kartvela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Токамак — kazaĥa" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Токамак" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EC%B9%B4%EB%A7%89" title="토카막 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토카막" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Токамак — kirgiza" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Токамак" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamakas" title="Tokamakas — litova" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tokamakas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — okcitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Токамак — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Токамак" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — sicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — serbo-Kroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-Kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — slovaka" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — serba" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="டோகாமாக் — tamila" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டோகாமாக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84" title="โทคาแมค — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โทคาแมค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Токамак — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Токамак" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — uzbeka" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak — varaja" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%8D%A1%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B" title="托卡马克 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="托卡马克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%93%E5%8D%A1%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B" title="拓卡馬克 — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拓卡馬克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188589#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redaktar la ligili ad altra lingui" class="wbc-editpage">Redaktar ligili</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomaro"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tokamak" title="Vidar la kontenajo di ca pagino [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artiklo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debato:Tokamak&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuto pri la pagino di kontenajo (pagino ne existas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Debato</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifikar linguala varianto" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ido</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Apari"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tokamak"><span>Lektar</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit" title="Redaktar ica pagino [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redaktar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit" title="Redaktar la fonto-kodexo di ca pagino [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redaktar fonto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=history" title="Pasinta versioni di ca pagino [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Kronologio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Utensili por pagini"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utensili" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utensili</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utensili</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">movar a latera panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">celez</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plusa selekti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Agadi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tokamak"><span>Lektar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit" title="Redaktar ica pagino [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redaktar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit" title="Redaktar la fonto-kodexo di ca pagino [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redaktar fonto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=history"><span>Kronologio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ordinara </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:QuoLigasHike/Tokamak" title="Listo pri omna Wikipagini qui ligesas adhike [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Quo ligesas adhike?</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:RelatantaChanji/Tokamak" rel="nofollow" title="Recenta chanji di pagini ligita de ca pagino [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relatanta chanji</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=io" title="Adkargez arkivi [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Adkargar arkivo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:SpecalaPagini" title="Montrez listo di omna specala pagini [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specala pagini</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&oldid=993776" title="Permananta ligilo vers ita versiono di ta pagino"><span>Permananta ligilo</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=info" title="Plusa informo pri ca pagino"><span>Informo pri ca pagino</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:Citar&page=Tokamak&id=993776&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informo pri quale citar ica pagino"><span>Citar ca pagino</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fio.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTokamak"><span>Obtenar kurta URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fio.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTokamak"><span>Descharjar QR-kodexo</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimar/exportacar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Tokamak"><span>Kreez libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tokamak&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargar quale PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&printable=yes" title="Imprimebla versiono di ca pagino [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Imprimebla versiono</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altra projeti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tokamaks" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188589" title="Ligilo ad arkivo de la datumaro [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Redakto en Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Utensili por pagini"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspekto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">movar a latera panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">celez</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedio</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="io" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Schematic-of-a-tokamak-chamber-and-magnetic-profile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Schematic-of-a-tokamak-chamber-and-magnetic-profile.jpg/360px-Schematic-of-a-tokamak-chamber-and-magnetic-profile.jpg" decoding="async" width="360" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Schematic-of-a-tokamak-chamber-and-magnetic-profile.jpg/540px-Schematic-of-a-tokamak-chamber-and-magnetic-profile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Schematic-of-a-tokamak-chamber-and-magnetic-profile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption>Skemo di tokamak-chambro e magnetala feldo</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tokamak</b> (<a href="/wiki/Rusiana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusiana linguo">Rusa</a>: Токамáк) esas aparato qua uzas potenta magnetala feldo por restriktar varmega <a href="/wiki/Plasmo" title="Plasmo">plasmo</a> en la formo di <a href="/wiki/Toro" title="Toro">toro</a>. </p><p>La tokamak esas un ek plura tipi de tala aparati qui developesas por produktar termonukleara* fuzo-elektro.  En 2016, ol esis la maxim bona kandidato por praktikala fuzo-reaktoro. </p><p>Tokamak unesme konceptesis dum la 1950a yari da la <a href="/wiki/Sovietia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovietia">Soviet-rusa</a> fizikisti <a href="/wiki/Igor_Yevgenyevich_Tamm" title="Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm">Igor Tamm</a> ed <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Dmitriyevich_Saharov" title="Andrei Dmitriyevich Saharov">Andrei Saharov</a>, inspirita da letro da Oleg Lavrentiev.  Intertempe, l'unesma funcionanta tokamak atribuesis a la laboro da Natan Yavlinskii pri la T-1.  Demonstresabis ke stabila plasmo-equilibro bezonas magnetala feldo-linei qui cirkumvolvas la toro helico-maniere.  Aparati quala la <i>z-pinch</i> e <i>stellarator</i> probis to, ma demonstris grava nestabileso. </p><p>La developeso dil koncepto nun konocata kom la sekureso-faktoro (<i>q</i> en matematikala notizo) guidis developeso dil tokamak; per aranjar la reaktoro tale ke ta faktoro <i>q</i> esas sempre plu granda kam 1, le tokamak forte supresis la nestabilesi qui impedis plu frua desegni. </p><p>L'unesma tokamak, la T-1, komencis operaco en 1958.  Dum la meza-1960a yari, tokamak-desegni montreskis multe plu bona eficienteso.  Unesma rezulti editesis en 1965, ma ignoresis; Lyman Spitzer refuzis li pos remarkir posibla problemi en lia sistemo por mezurar temperaturi.  Duesma rezultaro editesis en 1968, tafoye asertanta eficienteso qua fore devancis irga altra mashino, e ta anke egardesis kom nedependebla.  To duktis al inviteso di delegitaro de <a href="/wiki/Unionita_Rejio" title="Unionita Rejio">Britania</a> por facar sua propra mezuri.  Ta mezuri konfirmis la Sovieta rezulti, e lia edituro di 1969 rezultis en multa rapida tokamak-konstrukteso. </p><p>Dum la meza-1970a yari, dozeni de tokamak esis uzata cirkum la mondo.  Dum la tarda 1970a yari, ta mashini atingis omna kondicioni bezonata por praktikala fuzo, ma ne samtempe, nek en la sama reaktoro.  Kun la skopo "breakeven" nun videbla, nova serio de mashini desegnesis qui funcionos per fuzo-fuelo* de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deuterio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deuterio (pagino ne existas)">deuterio</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tritio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tritio (pagino ne existas)">tritio</a>.  Ta mashini, notinde la <i>Joint European Torus</i> (JET), <i>Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor</i> (TFTR) e JT-60, havis l'explicita skopo atingar "breakeven". </p><p>Vicee, ta mashini demonstris nova problemi qui limitizis lia eficienteso.  Solvar ta problemi bezonus multe plu granda e plu chera mashino, preter la kapablesi di irga sola lando.  Pos iniciala akordo inter <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> e <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Sergeyevich_Gorbachyov" title="Mihail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov">Mihail Gorbachyov</a> en novembro 1985, emersis l'esforco <i>International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor</i> (ITER), ed ol restas la precipua internaciona esforco developar praktikala fuzo-elektro. </p><p>Multa plu mikra desegni, e varianti quala la sferala tokamak, duras uzesar por explorar eficienteso-parametri ed altra questioni.  En 2019, JET restas la rekordiero por fuzo-produkturo, atinginte 16 MW de produkturo po 24 MW de eniranta varmigo-povo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomo">Nomo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redaktar seciono: Nomo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit&section=1" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Nomo"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La vorto <i>tokamak</i> esas transliterizo dil Rusa vorto токамак, akronimo di sive: </p><p>"тороидальная камера с магнитными катушками" (<i>toroidal'naya kamera s magnitnymi katushkami</i>) - torala chambro kun magnetala volvaji; </p><p>sive: </p><p>"тороидальная камера с аксиальным магнитным полем" (<i>toroidal'naya kamera s aksial'nym magnitnym polem</i>) - torala chambro kun axala magnetala feldo. La termino kreesis en 1957 da Igor Golovin, la vice-direktisto di la Laboratorio di Mezuro-Aparato dil Akademio di Cienco, la hodiala Kurchatov-Instituto. Simila termino, "tokomag", anke propozesis dum periodo. </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtenita de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://io.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&oldid=993776">https://io.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&oldid=993776</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specala:Kategorii" title="Specala:Kategorii">Kategorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Elektro" title="Kategorio:Elektro">Elektro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Fiziko" title="Kategorio:Fiziko">Fiziko</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Injeniorarto" title="Kategorio:Injeniorarto">Injeniorarto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Rusiana_fizikisti" title="Kategorio:Rusiana fizikisti">Rusiana fizikisti</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ica pagino modifikesis ye 15:22, 31 jul. 2022.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">La texto esas disponebla sub la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; suplementala reguli forsan aplikesas. Videz <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Termini pri uzo</a> por detali.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Politiko pri privateso</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Pri_Wikipedio">Pri Wikipedio</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Generala_des-agnosko">Legala averto</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kodexo pri kondukto</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Kreinti di la programo</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/io.wikipedia.org">Statistiko</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Informo pri l'uzo di 'cookies'</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//io.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Vidado por portebla aparati</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-cv8pq","wgBackendResponseTime":201,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.014","walltime":"0.023","ppvisitednodes":{"value":14,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":2,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 0.000 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-c8z6k","timestamp":"20241124160514","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tokamak","url":"https:\/\/io.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tokamak","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q188589","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q188589","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2020-01-22T17:31:06Z","dateModified":"2022-07-31T15:22:17Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2a\/Schematic-of-a-tokamak-chamber-and-magnetic-profile.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>