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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-KJS_and_KTBI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#KJS_and_KTBI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 KJS and KTBI </div> </a> <ul id="toc-KJS_and_KTBI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-KFAC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#KFAC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 KFAC </div> </a> <ul id="toc-KFAC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Move_to_Wilshire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Move_to_Wilshire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.1 Move to Wilshire </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Move_to_Wilshire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whoa_Bill_and_a_springboard_to_stardom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whoa_Bill_and_a_springboard_to_stardom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.2 Whoa Bill and a springboard to stardom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whoa_Bill_and_a_springboard_to_stardom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classical_evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.3 Classical evolution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unprecedented_on-air_continuity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unprecedented_on-air_continuity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4 Unprecedented on-air continuity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unprecedented_on-air_continuity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Branching_to_FM;_solidifying_the_format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Branching_to_FM;_solidifying_the_format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.5 Branching to FM; solidifying the format </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Branching_to_FM;_solidifying_the_format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_Cleveland_to_Atlantic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_Cleveland_to_Atlantic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.6 From Cleveland to Atlantic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_Cleveland_to_Atlantic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Listeners'_Guild_and_innovative_programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Listeners'_Guild_and_innovative_programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.7 The Listeners' Guild and innovative programming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Listeners'_Guild_and_innovative_programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dismissing_the_"KFAC_Old_Guard"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dismissing_the_"KFAC_Old_Guard""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.8 Dismissing the "KFAC Old Guard" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dismissing_the_"KFAC_Old_Guard"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_end_of_KFAC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_end_of_KFAC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 The end of KFAC </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_end_of_KFAC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-KWKW" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#KWKW"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 KWKW </div> </a> <ul id="toc-KWKW-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-KWKW_moves_to_1330" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#KWKW_moves_to_1330"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 KWKW moves to 1330 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-KWKW_moves_to_1330-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ESPN_Deportes_and_Tu_Liga_Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ESPN_Deportes_and_Tu_Liga_Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.2 ESPN Deportes and Tu Liga Radio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ESPN_Deportes_and_Tu_Liga_Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Programming </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Programming-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Programming subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Weekdays_and_weekends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weekdays_and_weekends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Weekdays and weekends </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weekdays_and_weekends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Play-by-play" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Play-by-play"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Play-by-play </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Play-by-play-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FM_translator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FM_translator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 FM translator </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FM_translator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Spanish-language sports radio station in Los Angeles</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Los Angeles radio station which has identified as KWKW since 1989. For the radio station that identified as KWKW from 1941 to 1950, see <a href="/wiki/KMRB" title="KMRB">KMRB</a>. For the radio station that identified as KWKW from 1950 to 1989, see <a href="/wiki/KAZN" title="KAZN">KAZN</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"KFAC (radio station)" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/KFAC_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="KFAC (disambiguation)">KFAC</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250652533">.mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station .infobox-above{font-size:100%;background-color:#bfdfff;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station-embed-header .infobox-header{font-size:100%;background-color:#bfdfff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(0,0%,10%);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station-embed-header .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(210,100%,10%);color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station-infobox-header{background-color:hsl(0,0%,10%);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station-embed-header .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(210,100%,10%);color:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-radio-station"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">KWKW</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:KWKW_1330_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The words Noticias, an ampersand, and Deportes on three lines in white above the call letters and frequency K W K W 1330 AM (on two lines) on a red and gold shield with black trim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5c/KWKW_1330_logo.png/220px-KWKW_1330_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5c/KWKW_1330_logo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="321" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a></li><li>United States</li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Broadcast area</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">Frequency</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1330 <a href="/wiki/Hertz#SI_multiples" title="Hertz">kHz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branding</th><td class="infobox-data">Noticias & Deportes, 1330 AM</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Programming</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Radio_format" title="Radio format">Format</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Talk_radio" title="Talk radio">News/talk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sports_radio" title="Sports radio">sports radio</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/TUDN_Radio" title="TUDN Radio">TUDN Radio</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Ownership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Communications" title="Lotus Communications">Lotus Communications</a></li><li>(Lotus Los Angeles Corp.)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Sister_station" title="Sister station">Sister stations</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/KFWB" title="KFWB">KFWB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/KIRN" title="KIRN">KIRN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/KTMZ" title="KTMZ">KTMZ</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">First air date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">March 22, 1922 (103 years ago) (1922-03-22)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former call signs</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>KJS (1922–1925)</li><li>KTBI (1925–1931)</li><li>KFAC (1931–1989)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former frequencies</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>830 kHz (1922–1925)</li><li>1020 kHz (1925–1927)</li><li>1040 kHz (1927–1928)</li><li>1090 kHz (1928–1929)</li><li>1300 kHz (1929–1941)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">Call sign</a> meaning</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Carried over from the former KWKW (1300 AM) in Pasadena; now <a href="/wiki/KAZN" title="KAZN">KAZN</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Technical information<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Licensing authority</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">FCC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Facility_ID" title="Facility ID">Facility ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data">38454</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_broadcast_station_classes" title="List of North American broadcast station classes">Class</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">B</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Transmitter_power_output" title="Transmitter power output">Power</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5,000 <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watts</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Transmitter coordinates</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=KWKW&params=34_01_10_N_118_20_44_W_type:landmark_region:US-CA">34°01′10″N 118°20′44″W / 34.01944°N 118.34556°W / 34.01944; -118.34556</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_relay_station" title="Broadcast relay station">Translator(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">100.7 K264CQ (Los Angeles)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Repeater" title="Repeater">Repeater(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1220 KTMZ (<a href="/wiki/Pomona,_California" title="Pomona, California">Pomona</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Links</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Public license information </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publicfiles.fcc.gov/am-profile/KWKW">Public file</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enterpriseefiling.fcc.gov/dataentry/public/tv/publicFacilityDetails.html?facilityId=38454">LMS</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Webcast" title="Webcast">Webcast</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kwkwam.tunegenie.com/station/page/kwkwam/">Listen live</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tuligaradio.com/">www.tuligaradio.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> KWKW (1330 <a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Radio_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio station">radio station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a>, United States, featuring a <a href="/wiki/Talk_radio" title="Talk radio">news/talk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sports_radio" title="Sports radio">sports</a> format known as Noticias & Deportes, 1330 AM. Owned by <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Communications" title="Lotus Communications">Lotus Communications</a>, the station services <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles</a> and much of surrounding <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a> and, since September 2019, has been the Los Angeles <a href="/wiki/Network_affiliate" title="Network affiliate">affiliate</a> for <a href="/wiki/Univision_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Univision Communications">Univision</a>'s <a href="/wiki/TUDN_Radio" title="TUDN Radio">TUDN Radio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KWKW_TUDN_2019-2">[2]</a> Having adopted the current sports format on October 1, 2005,<a href="#cite_note-KWKWESPNDeportes-3">[3]</a> KWKW is the Spanish language <a href="/wiki/Flagship_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagship station">flagship station</a> for multiple Los Angeles <a href="/wiki/Professional_sports" title="Professional sports">professional sports</a> franchises including the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Rams" title="Los Angeles Rams">Rams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lakers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakers">Lakers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Clippers" title="Los Angeles Clippers">Clippers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Kings" title="Los Angeles Kings">Kings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels" title="Los Angeles Angels">Angels</a> and the <a href="/wiki/LA_Galaxy" title="LA Galaxy">LA Galaxy</a>. KWKW itself is Southern California's oldest Spanish language radio station, having begun operations in 1941 at <a href="/wiki/KMRB" title="KMRB">1430 AM</a> and licensed to <a href="/wiki/Pasadena" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasadena">Pasadena</a> and transferring to <a href="/wiki/KAZN" title="KAZN">1300 AM</a>—also based in Pasadena—in 1950. KWKW's programming and <a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">call sign</a> moved to 1330 AM from 1300 AM in 1989 following Lotus' acquisition of the former and sale of the latter. Historically, this station is perhaps best known as KFAC, one of the most visible commercial <a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">fine arts</a>/<a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a> stations in the United States, and one of the first to have adopted the format on a full-time basis. For all but the final two years of their tenure with the format, KFAC boasted an airstaff with unprecedented stability and continuity including announcers <a href="/wiki/Carl_Princi" title="Carl Princi">Carl Princi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Crane_(actor)" title="Fred Crane (actor)">Fred Crane</a>, and possessed the largest classical <a href="/wiki/Music_library" title="Music library">music library</a> of its kind <a href="/wiki/West_of_the_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="West of the Mississippi">west of the Mississippi</a>. By the time of their sales and format changes in 1989, KFAC and <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM</a> adjunct <a href="/wiki/KRRL" title="KRRL">KFAC-FM (92.3)</a> were two of only 41 stations—out of 9,000 commercial U.S. radio stations in operation—that played classical music,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> with <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> eulogizing KFAC as "a staple of Los Angeles's cultural life for 58 years".<a href="#cite_note-beethoven-5">[5]</a> Launched by the antecedent of <a href="/wiki/Biola_University" title="Biola University">Biola University</a> in 1922, the current KWKW license also holds a distinction of being the oldest surviving radio station in the United States to have been built and signed on by a religious institution. Since 2003, the studios for KWKW have been located in the Los Angeles <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Hills" title="Hollywood Hills">Hollywood Hills</a> neighborhood, while the station <a href="/wiki/Transmitter" title="Transmitter">transmitter</a> is located in the nearby <a href="/wiki/Crenshaw,_Los_Angeles" title="Crenshaw, Los Angeles">Crenshaw District</a>, shared with <a href="/wiki/KABC_(AM)" title="KABC (AM)">KABC</a> (790 AM) and <a href="/wiki/KFOX_(AM)" title="KFOX (AM)">KFOX</a> (1650 AM).<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> In addition to a standard <a href="/wiki/Analog_transmission" title="Analog transmission">analog transmission</a>, KWKW's programming is streamed online and <a href="/wiki/Simulcast" title="Simulcast">relayed</a> over both low-power FM <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_relay_station" title="Broadcast relay station">translator</a> K264CQ (100.7 FM) and full-power <a href="/wiki/Pomona,_California" title="Pomona, California">Pomona</a> station <a href="/wiki/KTMZ" title="KTMZ">KTMZ</a> (1220 AM). <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="KJS_and_KTBI">KJS and KTBI</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: KJS and KTBI">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramic_view_of_Los_Angeles,_showing_Sixth_Street,_Figueroa_Street,_Flower_Street,_east_side_of_Sixth_Street,_ca.1916_(CHS-5795.6).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Panoramic_view_of_Los_Angeles%2C_showing_Sixth_Street%2C_Figueroa_Street%2C_Flower_Street%2C_east_side_of_Sixth_Street%2C_ca.1916_%28CHS-5795.6%29.jpg/250px-Panoramic_view_of_Los_Angeles%2C_showing_Sixth_Street%2C_Figueroa_Street%2C_Flower_Street%2C_east_side_of_Sixth_Street%2C_ca.1916_%28CHS-5795.6%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Panoramic_view_of_Los_Angeles%2C_showing_Sixth_Street%2C_Figueroa_Street%2C_Flower_Street%2C_east_side_of_Sixth_Street%2C_ca.1916_%28CHS-5795.6%29.jpg/330px-Panoramic_view_of_Los_Angeles%2C_showing_Sixth_Street%2C_Figueroa_Street%2C_Flower_Street%2C_east_side_of_Sixth_Street%2C_ca.1916_%28CHS-5795.6%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Panoramic_view_of_Los_Angeles%2C_showing_Sixth_Street%2C_Figueroa_Street%2C_Flower_Street%2C_east_side_of_Sixth_Street%2C_ca.1916_%28CHS-5795.6%29.jpg/500px-Panoramic_view_of_Los_Angeles%2C_showing_Sixth_Street%2C_Figueroa_Street%2C_Flower_Street%2C_east_side_of_Sixth_Street%2C_ca.1916_%28CHS-5795.6%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5100" data-file-height="4129" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bible_Institute_of_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible Institute of Los Angeles">Bible Institute of Los Angeles</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Los_Angeles" title="Downtown Los Angeles">downtown Los Angeles</a> headquarters (pictured in 1916) was also the home for KJS, established by Biola in 1922 and renamed KTBI in 1925.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Bible_Institute_of_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible Institute of Los Angeles">Bible Institute of Los Angeles</a> signed on station KJS on March 22, 1922,<a href="#cite_note-church-7">[7]</a> operating from their headquarters at Sixth and Hope Streets. Standing for "King Jesus Saves", KJS was the second religious broadcast station to have been established in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-Biola_Radio_sings-8">[8]</a> four months after the <a href="/wiki/National_Presbyterian_Church" title="National Presbyterian Church">Church of the Covenant</a> established <a href="/wiki/WDM_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="WDM (Washington, D.C.)">WDM</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> and four months before <a href="/wiki/John_Wanamaker" title="John Wanamaker">John Wanamaker</a> launched <a href="/wiki/WOO_(Philadelphia)" title="WOO (Philadelphia)">WOO</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FullerBook-10">[10]</a> Not long after going on air, a 1,000-watt transmitter was scheduled to be put into service in October.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> As KJS was one of fourteen radio stations in operation in the region, a complex time-share arrangement between all stations to operate at 360 <a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">meters</a> (830 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">kHz</a>)<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> was established with preference given to <a href="/wiki/KHJ_(AM)" title="KHJ (AM)">KHJ</a>,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> itself recently established by the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Consequently, KJS only operated for one hour on Sunday mornings, 45 minutes on Sunday evenings and 30 minutes on Wednesday nights at launch.<a href="#cite_note-Radio_Pulpit_Topics-15">[15]</a> Programming primarily consisted of church services, including from the institute's affiliated <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Open_Door" title="Church of the Open Door">Church of the Open Door</a>,<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> though programs from other churches were also featured<a href="#cite_note-ads-17">[17]</a> along with live musical offerings.<a href="#cite_note-Radio_Pulpit_Topics-15">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Fuller_(Baptist_minister)" title="Charles E. Fuller (Baptist minister)">Charles E. Fuller</a>, who would later become board chairman of the Bible Institute and host of The Old Fashioned Revival Hour, began his radio career at KJS in 1924.<a href="#cite_note-FullerBook-10">[10]</a> In August 1925, the station changed its call letters to KTBI to identify the station with The Bible Institute.<a href="#cite_note-church-7">[7]</a> KTBI's program director in 1927, Herbert G. Tovey, also conducted the institute's women's glee club; the Bible Institute offered a range of music courses to its students.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Programming continued to feature the Church of the Open Door, as well as devotionals and a "Jewish Radio Hour", in addition to a daily children's program, Aunt Martha's Children's Hour.<a href="#cite_note-doings-19">[19]</a> The station broadcast on a variety of frequencies—including 830 kHz, 1020 kHz (sharing time with KHJ), 1040 kHz<a href="#cite_note-doings-19">[19]</a> and 1090 kHz<a href="#cite_note-ads-17">[17]</a>—before receiving the 1300 kHz assignment in <a href="/wiki/General_Order_40" title="General Order 40">General Order 40</a> reallocation.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> KTBI moved to new studios in June 1928<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> alongside a power increase to 1,000 watts.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> General Order 40 paired the station with another religious outlet: <a href="/w/index.php?title=KGEF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KGEF (page does not exist)">KGEF</a>, the station of controversial evangelist <a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Shuler" title="Robert P. Shuler">Robert P. Shuler</a> and his Trinity Methodist Church.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> KTBI operated on a noncommercial basis. As a result, when the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> hit and donations fell, the station became unsustainable for the institute to operate. While oil magnate <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Stewart" title="Lyman Stewart">Lyman Stewart</a> helped found and finance construction of the institute,<a href="#cite_note-BiolaOldFashioned-24">[24]</a> he failed to <a href="/wiki/Endow" class="mw-redirect" title="Endow">endow</a> it prior to his death, exacerbating their financial crisis.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Radio_Commission" title="Federal Radio Commission">Federal Radio Commission</a> (FRC) informed the institute that it preferred religious programs be broadcast over commercially operated stations.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> In 1931, the Bible Institute sold KTBI for $37,500 (equivalent to $775,356 in 2024) to the Los Angeles Broadcasting Company. Following a brief period of silence for technical repairs,<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> it relaunched as a commercial outlet on April 30 under the KFAC call sign;<a href="#cite_note-hc-28">[28]</a> the KFAC calls had themselves previously been used between 1922 and 1923 on a short-lived station in <a href="/wiki/Glendale,_California" title="Glendale, California">Glendale, California</a>, owned by the Glendale Daily Press.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Along with the sale, the institute continued to have several programs broadcast over the new KFAC<a href="#cite_note-church-7">[7]</a> and the time share with KGEF was to be maintained.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> A very visible reminder of KJS/KTBI's past existence would soon be constructed by the Bible Institute: two large red "Jesus Saves" neon signs on top of their headquarters next to the former transmission tower.<a href="#cite_note-BiolaOldFashioned-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Removed after the building's 1988 demolition,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> the sign was purchased by <a href="/wiki/Gene_Scott" title="Gene Scott">Gene Scott</a> and placed on the <a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Theatre_(Los_Angeles)" title="United Artists Theatre (Los Angeles)">United Artists Theatre</a> in Los Angeles' downtown (renamed "University Cathedral")<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> and later were moved to Glendale along with the ministry's headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> A replica sign exists at the current Biola University campus in <a href="/wiki/La_Mirada" class="mw-redirect" title="La Mirada">La Mirada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="KFAC">KFAC</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: KFAC">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Move_to_Wilshire">Move to Wilshire</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Move to Wilshire">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Time_Cover_E_L_Cord_1932.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Time_Cover_E_L_Cord_1932.jpg/250px-Time_Cover_E_L_Cord_1932.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Time_Cover_E_L_Cord_1932.jpg/330px-Time_Cover_E_L_Cord_1932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Time_Cover_E_L_Cord_1932.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>Automobile manufacturer and industrialist <a href="/wiki/Errett_Lobban_Cord" title="Errett Lobban Cord">Errett Lobban Cord</a>, pictured on the cover of <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> in 1932. The sole owner of KFAC from 1932 to 1962, he presided over the station's evolution into one of the first full-time <a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">fine arts</a>/<a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a> outlets in the United States.</figcaption></figure> The Los Angeles Broadcasting Company was headed up by <a href="/wiki/Errett_Lobban_Cord" title="Errett Lobban Cord">Errett Lobban Cord</a>, a manufacturer best known for the <a href="/wiki/Auburn_Automobile" title="Auburn Automobile">Auburn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cord_(automobile)" title="Cord (automobile)">Cord</a> automobile lines, and by O.R. "Ollie" Fuller, a <a href="/wiki/Dairy_farmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Dairy farmer">dairy farmer</a> who owned the Los Angeles <a href="/wiki/Car_dealership" title="Car dealership">dealership</a> for Auburn-Cord, Fuller Motors;<a href="#cite_note-OllieFuller-37">[37]</a> accordingly, KFAC stood for "Fuller-Auburn-Cord".<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Cord and Fuller also had purchased <a href="/wiki/KTNQ" title="KTNQ">KFVD</a> in <a href="/wiki/Culver_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Culver City">Culver City</a>, based at <a href="/wiki/Hal_Roach_Studios" title="Hal Roach Studios">Hal Roach Studios</a>; both they and KFAC would remain at their original sites until both relocated to the Fuller Motors dealership in <a href="/wiki/Wilshire_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilshire Center">Wilshire Center</a>,<a href="#cite_note-KFAC_Fuller_Opened_this_Week-39">[39]</a> directly adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Oasis_Church_(Los_Angeles)" title="Oasis Church (Los Angeles)">Wilshire Community Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HillikerEmail-40">[40]</a> KFAC broadcast a live three-hour program on April 12, 1932, to celebrate the grand opening of the new studios, with on-air talent from competing stations as special guests.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> As the studios were located in the dealership's fifth floor <a href="/wiki/Penthouse_apartment" title="Penthouse apartment">penthouse</a>,<a href="#cite_note-KFAC_Fuller_Opened_this_Week-39">[39]</a> large <a href="/wiki/Radio_towers" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio towers">radio towers</a> were erected on the roof but were purely for display and advertisement purposes<a href="#cite_note-HillikerEmail-40">[40]</a> as KFAC's actual transmitter site was moved to Los Angeles' <a href="/wiki/Crestview,_Los_Angeles" title="Crestview, Los Angeles">Crestview</a> neighborhood.<a href="#cite_note-hc-28">[28]</a> O.R. Fuller and his company went bankrupt prior to completion of the studios in 1932,<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> prompting Cord to acquire KFAC and KFVD outright.<a href="#cite_note-OllieFuller-37">[37]</a> In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Lindbergh_kidnapping" title="Lindbergh kidnapping">Lindbergh kidnapping</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> ran stories on March 21, 1934, regarding a kidnapping threat made against E.L. Cord's children.<a href="#cite_note-Britain-43">[43]</a> In response, Cord secretly fled with his immediate family to the United Kingdom, the news of his fleeing would not be made known until a <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> story that May 30, when a company associate only would say that Cord "would remain away for an indefinite period".<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The full reason for this sudden action was never truly disclosed.<a href="#cite_note-Britain-43">[43]</a> KFVD would be spun off to Standard Broadcasting Co. for $50,000 on July 15, 1936,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> and moved out of the dealership two years later.<a href="#cite_note-HillikerEmail-40">[40]</a> Cord divested his automotive holdings, which were merged into the <a href="/wiki/Aviation_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviation Corporation">Aviation Corporation</a> in 1933, to separate interests in 1937 for $2.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Starting in 1932, KFAC began broadcasting unlimited time through a series of authorizations under special temporary authority; this arrangement became permanent in January 1933 when the FRC <a href="/wiki/Federal_Radio_Commission#KGEF_deletion" title="Federal Radio Commission">deleted KGEF's license</a> over Shuler's controversial views following a series of failed appeals.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> This would soon extend to 24-hour broadcasting for KFAC starting on March 8, 1935, joining <a href="/wiki/KYPA" title="KYPA">KGFJ</a>, which broadcast around the clock starting in 1927; both stations preceded <a href="/wiki/WBBR" title="WBBR">WNEW</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, which started unlimited broadcasting that August 6.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Between 1933 and 1935, the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Herald-Express" title="Los Angeles Herald-Express">Los Angeles Herald-Express</a> was affiliated with KFAC, though it held no ownership interest; the alliance ended when the newspaper bought KTM in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Monica">Santa Monica</a> and KELW of <a href="/wiki/Burbank,_California" title="Burbank, California">Burbank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The station was almost forced to share its frequency again when, in January 1936, a <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC) hearing examiner approved an application by Los Angeles city councilmember and real estate operator <a href="/wiki/Will_H._Kindig" title="Will H. Kindig">Will H. Kindig</a> for a new shared-time station with KFAC (which would have been renewed for half-time only), saying the proposed Kindig station would increase media diversity in Los Angeles;<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> the FCC broadcast division, however, reversed the examiner's ruling that July.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> When the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Regional_Broadcasting_Agreement" title="North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement">North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement</a> (NARBA) was enacted in 1941, KFAC moved to 1330 kHz.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Whoa_Bill_and_a_springboard_to_stardom">Whoa Bill and a springboard to stardom</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Whoa Bill and a springboard to stardom">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wilshire_Boulevard,_Los_Angeles,_California_(64206).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Wilshire_Boulevard%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_California_%2864206%29.jpg/330px-Wilshire_Boulevard%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_California_%2864206%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Wilshire_Boulevard%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_California_%2864206%29.jpg/500px-Wilshire_Boulevard%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_California_%2864206%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Wilshire_Boulevard%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_California_%2864206%29.jpg/960px-Wilshire_Boulevard%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_California_%2864206%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3294" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Postcard photo illustration of <a href="/wiki/Wilshire_Boulevard" title="Wilshire Boulevard">Wilshire Boulevard</a> in the mid-1930s with the Fuller Motors <a href="/wiki/Auburn_Automobile" title="Auburn Automobile">Auburn</a>-<a href="/wiki/Cord_(automobile)" title="Cord (automobile)">Cord</a> <a href="/wiki/Car_dealership" title="Car dealership">dealership</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Penthouse_apartment" title="Penthouse apartment">penthouse</a> studios for KFAC and <a href="/wiki/KTNQ" title="KTNQ">KFVD</a>) behind the Wilshire Boulevard Christian Church. The radio towers with "Auburn KFAC" lettering on top of the building existed only for advertising purposes.<a href="#cite_note-HillikerEmail-40">[40]</a></figcaption></figure> Shortly after relaunching as KFAC, on July 30, 1931, an afternoon <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_radio" title="Children's radio">children's radio</a> program titled the "Whoa Bill" Club debuted, hosted by Harry Jackson with the alternative rural title The Keeper of the Pig,<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> carrying over a show he had previously hosted for four years on <a href="/wiki/KFWB" title="KFWB">KFWB</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Bullock%27s" title="Bullock's">Bullock's department store</a>,<a href="#cite_note-UncleWhoaBill1947-58">[58]</a> the "Whoa Bill" Club aired every weekday afternoon at 5:30 p.m. for the next 20 years, and found lasting success when Nick Nelson took over as main emcee in 1941 under the name "Uncle Whoa Bill".<a href="#cite_note-UncleWhoaBill1946-59">[59]</a> At its peak, the Bullock's "Whoa Bill" Club boasted a membership of 50,000 fans—known as "Whoa Billers"—in 1944.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The show also broadcast live performances every Friday afternoon for a <a href="/wiki/Live_studio_audience" class="mw-redirect" title="Live studio audience">live studio audience</a> of children under the age of 12,<a href="#cite_note-UncleWhoaBill1947-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-UncleWhoaBill1946-59">[59]</a> Nelson himself also performed weekly puppet shows at Bullock's on Saturday afternoons.<a href="#cite_note-UncleWhoaBill1946-59">[59]</a> Among the child actors who performed on the "Whoa Bill" Club, <a href="/wiki/Bobby_soxer_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobby soxer (music)">bobby soxer</a> <a href="/wiki/Louise_Erickson_(actress)" title="Louise Erickson (actress)">Louise Erickson</a> found the most fame, having started her professional career at age seven, cast as a fairy princess.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Publicist/talent agent Aaron "Red" Doff, who managed the careers of <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberace" title="Liberace">Liberace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Laine" title="Frankie Laine">Frankie Laine</a>, also was a recurring child actor on the program.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> The station also carried games from the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels_(PCL)" title="Los Angeles Angels (PCL)">Los Angeles Angels</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League" title="Pacific Coast League">Pacific Coast League</a> starting with the 1936 season, the majority of which would be recreations produced at their studios.<a href="#cite_note-StanChambers-64">[64]</a> Entertainer <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> hosted a half-hour "radio rally" over KFAC on November 21, 1937, to promote the upcoming <a href="/wiki/Loyola_Marymount_Lions" title="Loyola Marymount Lions">Loyola</a>-<a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_Bulldogs_football" title="Gonzaga Bulldogs football">Gonzaga</a> <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">college football</a> matchup that included a musical performance by Crosby—a <a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_University" title="Gonzaga University">Gonzaga</a> alum—and an on-air debate between Crosby and Times sports editor <a href="/wiki/Bill_Henry_(journalist)" title="Bill Henry (journalist)">Bill Henry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> KFAC would also debut a popular music program, <a href="/wiki/Lucky_Lager" title="Lucky Lager">Lucky Lager</a> Dance Time, on August 1, 1941;<a href="#cite_note-FongTorresBook-66">[66]</a> hosted by Ira Cook, the late-evening program would later be regarded as one of the first <a href="/wiki/Record_chart" title="Record chart">record chart</a> programs of its kind,<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> and even featured conductor <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Stokowski" title="Leopold Stokowski">Leopold Stokowski</a> as a guest host once.<a href="#cite_note-Continumm-68">[68]</a> KFAC would prove to be a springboard for entertainers and performers. Legendary broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Stan_Chambers" title="Stan Chambers">Stan Chambers</a> began his career in 1937 as an actor for a weekly children's program produced by one of his teachers at <a href="/wiki/St._Brendan_Catholic_Church,_Los_Angeles" title="St. Brendan Catholic Church, Los Angeles">St. Brendan School</a>, visiting the station repeatedly.<a href="#cite_note-StanChambers-64">[64]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Conte_(actor)" title="John Conte (actor)">John Conte</a> started his career in show business as an announcer at KFAC for two years.<a href="#cite_note-rl-69">[69]</a> Barbara Eiler was cast for a KFAC show portraying famous actresses in their teens after being approached by a high school classmate asking if she wanted to act on the radio;<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> that <a href="/wiki/Sustaining_program" title="Sustaining program">sustaining program</a> led to supporting roles in <a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_Riley" title="The Life of Riley">The Life of Riley</a> and <a href="/wiki/A_Day_in_the_Life_of_Dennis_Day" title="A Day in the Life of Dennis Day">A Day in the Life of Dennis Day</a>, along with various film and television roles.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Following a broadcast of the Radio Chautauqua Show in 1936, the station received a phone call from <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cantor" title="Eddie Cantor">Eddie Cantor</a> inquiring about one of the young girls who performed on the program; <a href="/wiki/Deanna_Durbin" title="Deanna Durbin">Deanna Durbin</a> would become a part of Cantor's radio show and later, a movie star signed to Universal Studios.<a href="#cite_note-KFACCoverProfile1979-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Classical_evolution">Classical evolution</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Classical evolution">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:300px; ;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="">Comparing Evening Concert in 1947 to a live classical music concert</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> We open with an overture so people can finish their dishes and sit down in time to catch the symphony. Do you realize that a conductor programs five concerts a year while I have to do six a week? Multiply that by fifty-two and see what you get! </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">Thomas Cassidy, KFAC Evening Concert host<a href="#cite_note-cassidy1947-73">[73]</a></cite></div> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KFAC_Gas_Company_Evening_Concert_25th_Birthday_advert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/KFAC_Gas_Company_Evening_Concert_25th_Birthday_advert.jpg/250px-KFAC_Gas_Company_Evening_Concert_25th_Birthday_advert.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="372" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/KFAC_Gas_Company_Evening_Concert_25th_Birthday_advert.jpg/375px-KFAC_Gas_Company_Evening_Concert_25th_Birthday_advert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/KFAC_Gas_Company_Evening_Concert_25th_Birthday_advert.jpg/500px-KFAC_Gas_Company_Evening_Concert_25th_Birthday_advert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2382" /></a><figcaption>A 25th "birthday party" advertisement for KFAC's <a href="/wiki/Southern_California_Gas_Company" title="Southern California Gas Company">Gas Company</a> Evening Concert featuring caricatures of multiple classical music <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composers</a> including <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Abravanel" title="Maurice Abravanel">Maurice Abravanel</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Szell" title="George Szell">George Szell</a>. Thomas Cassidy, Evening Concert host from 1943 to 1987, is seen standing at far right.</figcaption></figure> While KFAC later regarded January 15, 1938, as their "birthdate" in the station's 1978 "40th Anniversary" program guide—which was in reality the birthday of then-general manager George Fritzinger<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a>—the station began playing recorded <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a> on a set schedule with the launch of Concert Hall on October 14, 1935, a daily program narrated by P. Alfred Leonard.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Leonard had been hired as KFAC's "director of <a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">symphonic music</a>" and promised in a Times interview to lift the station's musical standards with shows devoted to <a href="/wiki/Music_appreciation" title="Music appreciation">music appreciation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Through the remainder of the 1930s, and indeed on that aforementioned 1938 date, KFAC's program lineup was a mixture of Concert Hall, live and recorded music, Times newscasts, sporting events, the "Whoa Bill" Club and scripted fare.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Their first regularly-scheduled long-form classical music program, <a href="/wiki/Southern_California_Gas_Company" title="Southern California Gas Company">The Gas Company</a> Evening Concert, debuted on October 1, 1940, and aired six nights a week, Sundays excluded.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Having been encouraged by his wife to enter radio broadcasting,<a href="#cite_note-cassidy1947-73">[73]</a> Thomas Cassidy joined the station from <a href="/wiki/KIDO" title="KIDO">KIDO</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise, Idaho</a>, in December 1943 as the host of Evening Concert,<a href="#cite_note-Cassidy1944-80">[80]</a> a role he would maintain for the next 43 years.<a href="#cite_note-DrasticChangesKMET-81">[81]</a> Cassidy would become so closely associated with the program that his obituary erroneously regarded his joining the station as when Evening Concert began.<a href="#cite_note-LATCassidyObit-82">[82]</a> KFAC and The Gas Company eventually expanded Evening Concert's reach via regional <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_syndication" title="Broadcast syndication">syndication</a> to both <a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside</a>'s <a href="/wiki/KFOO_(AM)" title="KFOO (AM)">KPRO (1440 AM)</a> on January 1, 1958,<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara</a>'s <a href="/wiki/KOSJ" title="KOSJ">KDB (1490 AM)</a> by June 1963.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> During this transitional period, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Allen" title="Steve Allen">Steve Allen</a> was hired as an overnight announcer on KFAC in 1943, having been recommended for the job by <a href="/wiki/Madelyn_Pugh_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Madelyn Pugh Davis">Madelyn Pugh Davis</a>, who heard him perform on <a href="/wiki/KFYI" title="KFYI">KOY (550 AM)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Allen lasted at the station for only six months in part due to not following directives and his humorous tone not fitting the station's classical selections,<a href="#cite_note-KFACCoverProfile1979-72">[72]</a> but soon landed at KHJ co-hosting Smile Time with Wendell Noble over the <a href="/wiki/Don_Lee_Network" title="Don Lee Network">Don Lee Network</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> That program, and a future late-night variety program on the <a href="/wiki/CBS_Radio_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Radio Network">CBS Radio Network</a>, would be precursors to his tenure as <a href="/wiki/Tonight_Starring_Steve_Allen" title="Tonight Starring Steve Allen">the first host</a> of <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Tonight_Show" title="The Tonight Show">The Tonight Show</a> franchise.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The success of Evening Concert, as well as Musical Masterpieces, another program hosted by Cassidy,<a href="#cite_note-Cassidy1944-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-MessagePrinci1979-89">[89]</a> facilitated the station's evolution into a full-time classical music outlet. Harry Mitchell, a former announcer at the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Palladium" title="Hollywood Palladium">Hollywood Palladium</a>, was appointed as program director on July 6, 1944, and pledged to have the station place a greater emphasis on live programming.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> E.L. Cord allegedly toured the studios one day in 1945 and recognized the substantial investments KFAC had made in classical recordings, finalizing the evolution.<a href="#cite_note-KFACFondly-91">[91]</a> While very much still a commercial station, Cord continued to operate KFAC mostly as a personal hobby despite not knowing much about the classical music genre;<a href="#cite_note-CordTastes-92">[92]</a> his own personal tastes and expectations were eventually reflected in the station's on-air presentation that persisted for decades.<a href="#cite_note-dismay-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Unprecedented_on-air_continuity">Unprecedented on-air continuity</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Unprecedented on-air continuity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176" /><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:350px; ;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="">"Faith in an Idea"</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> In hectic prewar days when all four network stations were pounding away with chain programs and a dozen locals yacked away all day long between run-of-the-mill records and canned news . . . KFAC raised an eyebrow, cocked an ear, cleared its throat and announced to one and all its now nationally known basic programming policy . . . it proved that it pays to be different and that there's a big exclusive audience for good music . . . and so, KFAC became the Music Station for Southern California, and it still is. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">Excerpt from a KFAC industry trade advertisement, <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_%26_Cable" title="Broadcasting & Cable">Broadcasting</a>, December 29, 1952<a href="#cite_note-28TonLibrary-94">[94]</a></cite></div> </div> KFAC also was in the process of slowly assembling an airstaff that had an unprecedented level of continuity. <a href="/wiki/Fred_Crane_(actor)" title="Fred Crane (actor)">Fred Crane</a>, an actor most famous for his supporting role as Brent Tarleton in <a href="/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_(film)" title="Gone with the Wind (film)">Gone with the Wind</a>,<a href="#cite_note-dismay-93">[93]</a> was hired as a part-time announcer while still continuing to perform on film and television; Fred's position became full-time in the early 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-BGFredCraneObit-95">[95]</a> Tom Dixon and Dick Crawford notably were hired on the same date in 1947. Dixon—an <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a> native who joined the station after simultaneous work at KHJ, <a href="/wiki/KNX_(AM)" title="KNX (AM)">KNX (1070 AM)</a> and <a href="/wiki/KSPN_(AM)" title="KSPN (AM)">KMPC (710 AM)</a> emceeing multiple programs, including <a href="/wiki/The_Billie_Burke_Show" title="The Billie Burke Show">The Billie Burke Show</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a>—served as afternoon announcer for nearly 39 years,<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> while Crawford primarily worked on weekends.<a href="#cite_note-MessagePrinci1979-89">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Princi" title="Carl Princi">Carl Princi</a> joined the station in 1953 after freelance work at <a href="/wiki/KYSR" title="KYSR">KMGM-FM</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> and a short stint as a <a href="/wiki/Bilingual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilingual">bilingual</a> presenter at <a href="/wiki/KAZN" title="KAZN">KWKW (1300 AM)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LATPrinciObit-99">[99]</a> While at KWKW, that station's general manager referred Princi to KFAC's general manager in hopes of securing full-time work; KFAC host Mark Breneman unexpectedly died the day after Princi's job interview, prompting the station to hire him.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Referring to himself as "the newest of the old timers",<a href="#cite_note-MessagePrinci1979-89">[89]</a> when Princi was interviewed by Hamilton Radio Quarterly in 1976 about his longevity, he replied that "he'd only been there 23 years."<a href="#cite_note-PrinciTenure-101">[101]</a> Princi hosted The World of Opera every weekday afternoon throughout his entire tenure with the station and conducted most of the station interviews with musicians.<a href="#cite_note-LATPrinciObit-99">[99]</a> Bill Carlson also joined KFAC in 1953 as host of the Noontime Concert,<a href="#cite_note-MessagePrinci1979-89">[89]</a> which he presided over for the next 30 years.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> This core group of Cassidy, Crane, Dixon, Crawford, Princi, and Carlson was fundamentally unchanged between 1953 and 1983.<a href="#cite_note-KFACMural-103">[103]</a> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_2b4vpzioh4i26x6izrem75924oj77uw"></map><img usemap="#timeline_2b4vpzioh4i26x6izrem75924oj77uw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/2b4vpzioh4i26x6izrem75924oj77uw.png" /></div>Pacific Coast League baseball broadcasts, Lucky Lager Dance Time and Uncle Whoa Bill were among the last remaining non-classical programs to remain on the schedule; the baseball games at times wound up delaying the start time for Evening Concert by as much as two hours before being dropped at the end of the 1945 season.<a href="#cite_note-KFACCoverProfile1979-72">[72]</a> Ira Cook began working for both KFAC and KMPC, and even <a href="/wiki/KSL_(AM)" title="KSL (AM)">KSL</a> in <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>,<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> in similar capacities before Lucky Lager Dance Time was cancelled at the end of 1948,<a href="#cite_note-Continumm-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Cook would continue the show, itself later supervised by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gavin" title="Bill Gavin">Bill Gavin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FongTorresBook-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> at KMPC. Meanwhile, Uncle Whoa Bill—whom Thomas Cassidy's son was a fan of<a href="#cite_note-cassidy1947-73">[73]</a>—lasted up to September 14, 1951, when it was quietly dropped from the lineup;<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Viennese Varieties, sponsored by Baker Boy Bakeries and hosted by Dick Crawford, replaced it the following Monday.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Uncle Whoa Bill host Nick Nelson would subsequently join <a href="/wiki/KTTV" title="KTTV">KTTV</a> as the emcee of Mister Whistle, airing at the same time period on Sunday afternoons.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Howard Rhines was hired away from KMPC in 1949 to become KFAC's program director.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Under Rhines' oversight, KFAC continued to place a heavy emphasis on sustained programming like Evening Concert and forbade the use of <a href="/wiki/Jingle" title="Jingle">commercial jingles</a> on-air, explaining to <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a> that "you can't go out of <a href="/wiki/Beethoven" class="mw-redirect" title="Beethoven">Beethoven</a> and into a rhythmic jingle."<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> In addition, all seven staff announcers—including Rhines—were now required to be <a href="/wiki/Fluent" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluent">fluent</a> in at least four distinct languages.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> KFAC also hired veteran radio announcer/actor <a href="/wiki/Dick_Joy" title="Dick Joy">Dick Joy</a> as their news director in 1951, handling all newscasts in the morning and some in the early afternoon<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> until 1967. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Branching_to_FM;_solidifying_the_format">Branching to FM; solidifying the format</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Branching to FM; solidifying the format">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FredCraneCirca1960s.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/FredCraneCirca1960s.png" decoding="async" width="174" height="239" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="239" /></a><figcaption>KFAC announcer <a href="/wiki/Fred_Crane_(actor)" title="Fred Crane (actor)">Fred Crane</a>. Perhaps best known for his role as Brent Tarleton in <a href="/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_(film)" title="Gone with the Wind (film)">Gone with the Wind</a>, Crane was hired by the station in 1946 and stayed until a controversial mass firing on December 31, 1986.<a href="#cite_note-BGFredCraneObit-95">[95]</a></figcaption></figure> KFAC signed on an FM adjunct, <a href="/wiki/KRRL" title="KRRL">KFAC-FM</a>, on December 29, 1948, at 104.3 MHz.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The FM antenna was initially placed at the AM transmitter site, which had moved to the <a href="/wiki/Crenshaw,_Los_Angeles" title="Crenshaw, Los Angeles">Crenshaw</a> district in 1947<a href="#cite_note-hc2-116">[116]</a> along with a power increase for the AM station to 5,000 watts; this site is still in use today by KWKW, as well as <a href="/wiki/KABC_(AM)" title="KABC (AM)">KABC</a> and <a href="/wiki/KFOX_(AM)" title="KFOX (AM)">KFOX</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hc-28">[28]</a> KFAC started carrying live concerts from the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Bowl" title="Hollywood Bowl">Hollywood Bowl</a> amphitheater in 1952 as part of Evening Concert. The station pioneered an early form of stereo broadcasting by having two microphones placed on different sides of the venue, with the audio separately fed to the AM and FM stations. Advertisements placed by The Gas Company encouraged Evening Concert listeners at home who had two radios were instructed to place them seven to twelve feet apart, with one tuned to KFAC-FM and the other tuned to KFAC.<a href="#cite_note-GasCoHollywoodBowlAd-117">[117]</a> The first such broadcast in 1953 had mixed reviews due to KFAC-FM's relatively weak signal strength; an opinion column in the <a href="/wiki/Redlands_Daily_Facts" title="Redlands Daily Facts">Redlands Daily Facts</a> concluded their review by publicly advocating for KFAC-FM's antenna to be moved to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Wilson_(California)" title="Mount Wilson (California)">Mount Wilson</a> alongside the TV stations.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> KFAC-FM would do just that, filing paperwork with the FCC in March 1954 to move the antenna to Mount Wilson and shifting frequencies from 104.3 MHz to 92.3 MHz,<a href="#cite_note-hc2-116">[116]</a> increasing the potential audience by 1.5 million people and the overall coverage area from 720 square miles to 8,300 square miles.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> While the facility changes took place a few days prior, it was formally dedicated as part of another pseudo-stereo broadcast from the Bowl on July 15, 1954.<a href="#cite_note-GasCoHollywoodBowlAd-117">[117]</a> As KFAC-FM moved to Mount Wilson prior to the FCC enacting limits for power output by FM stations in 1962, it is formally classified as a "superpower" FM by operating at a maximum power level, but with the antenna being placed well above the height limit.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Both KFAC and KFAC-FM would move out of the Fuller Motors dealership penthouse to new studios at the Prudential Square in the <a href="/wiki/Miracle_Mile,_Los_Angeles" title="Miracle Mile, Los Angeles">Miracle Mile</a> district,<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> now known as SAG-AFTRA Plaza.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> An advertisement taken out by KFAC in <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasting Magazine">Broadcasting Magazine</a> celebrating the studio move also boasted that they now held a library of music recordings that weighed over 28 tons, enough to ensure that the stations could be programmed for a full year without any duplication.<a href="#cite_note-28TonLibrary-94">[94]</a> The studio move was completed in April 1953 when KFAC general manager Calvin Smith, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Mayor">Los Angeles Mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/Fletcher_Bowron" title="Fletcher Bowron">Fletcher Bowron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prudential_Insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Prudential Insurance">Prudential Insurance</a> vice president Harry Volk participated in a ceremonial <a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">soldering</a> ceremony; KFAC experienced no loss of air time in the process.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> As KFAC solidified its reputation and format as a classical music outlet, it also set out to remove some of the few remaining deviations from its format. On February 15, 1957, it notified the First Methodist Church of Los Angeles, which paid commercial rates to broadcast its Sunday morning service over KFAC, that it would terminate the agreement.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> First Methodist claimed to have the oldest church service broadcasts in America, which were first made in 1923.<a href="#cite_note-kpol-125">[125]</a> KFAC carried First Methodist's morning and evening services beginning in 1942;<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> in 1951, the station had removed the evening service from its schedule.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> After First Methodist asked the FCC for a hearing into the issue, claiming that the cancellation affected the station's commitment at its last license renewal to carry 1.79 percent religious programming, the commission denied the request in May.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> With the petition denied, the church began airing its services over <a href="/wiki/KMPC" title="KMPC">KPOL</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kpol-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="From_Cleveland_to_Atlantic">From Cleveland to Atlantic</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: From Cleveland to Atlantic">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Cleveland_Mayor_argues_against_proposed_rail_wage_cut._Washington,_D.C.,_Oct._17._Roy_T._Miller,_former_Mayor_of_Cleveland,_today_argues_against_the_proposed_rail_wage_cut_for_the_LCCN2016874162_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Former_Cleveland_Mayor_argues_against_proposed_rail_wage_cut._Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_Oct._17._Roy_T._Miller%2C_former_Mayor_of_Cleveland%2C_today_argues_against_the_proposed_rail_wage_cut_for_the_LCCN2016874162_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Former_Cleveland_Mayor_argues_against_proposed_rail_wage_cut._Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_Oct._17._Roy_T._Miller%2C_former_Mayor_of_Cleveland%2C_today_argues_against_the_proposed_rail_wage_cut_for_the_LCCN2016874162_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Former_Cleveland_Mayor_argues_against_proposed_rail_wage_cut._Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_Oct._17._Roy_T._Miller%2C_former_Mayor_of_Cleveland%2C_today_argues_against_the_proposed_rail_wage_cut_for_the_LCCN2016874162_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2394" data-file-height="3189" /></a><figcaption>Former <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Cleveland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Cleveland">mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/Ray_T._Miller" title="Ray T. Miller">Ray T. Miller</a> (pictured in 1938) purchased KFAC-AM-FM in 1962 and would operate them—along with other radio stations in Cleveland and <a href="/wiki/Sandusky,_Ohio" title="Sandusky, Ohio">Sandusky</a>—until his death in 1966.</figcaption></figure> The two stations would remain in E.L. Cord's name until August 1962, when he would sell them to Cleveland Broadcasting Incorporated, headed by former <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Cleveland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Cleveland">mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/Ray_T._Miller" title="Ray T. Miller">Ray T. Miller</a>, for a combined $2 million (equivalent to $20.8 million in 2024). Miller also owned <a href="/wiki/WLEC" title="WLEC">WLEC</a> and <a href="/wiki/WCPZ" title="WCPZ">WLEC-FM</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sandusky,_Ohio" title="Sandusky, Ohio">Sandusky, Ohio</a>, and had founded <a href="/wiki/WJMO" title="WJMO">WERE</a> and <a href="/wiki/WNCX" title="WNCX">WERE-FM</a> in Cleveland, and pledged to maintain KFAC's classical format.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> The Los Angeles Times would later write of Cord's ownership, "What seems indisputable is that Cord oversaw the station like a benevolent, disinterested patriarch."<a href="#cite_note-CordTastes-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-KFACcrossroads-130">[130]</a> The pseudo-stereo broadcasts over KFAC and KFAC-FM continued until KFAC-FM converted to <a href="/wiki/Stereophonic_sound" title="Stereophonic sound">stereophonic sound</a> in 1964, at one point, those broadcasts were offered for 12 hours each week.<a href="#cite_note-KFACStereo1964-131">[131]</a> General manager Ed Stevens regarded the $20,000 investment in FM multiplexing as a "big bonanza" for the radio and recording industries, pledging to increase KFAC-FM's stereo output over time; Evening Concert was cited as a program that would be unable to see such a complete stereo conversion due to the volume of titles for that show valued for their initial mono pressings.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> By 1971, the last remaining program devoted to selections from their original <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">78 rpm phonograph record</a> collection, Collector's Shelf, was dropped from the schedule.<a href="#cite_note-KFACSpecialReport1971-133">[133]</a> KFAC at this time boasted weekly concert broadcasts by the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Bowl_Orchestra" title="Hollywood Bowl Orchestra">Hollywood Bowl Symphony</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Philharmonic" title="Los Angeles Philharmonic">Los Angeles Philharmonic</a>, in addition to concert series from the Los Angeles Symphonies' high school and the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Art_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Art Museum">Los Angeles Art Museum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KFACStereo1964-131">[131]</a> Another long-running weekday program, Luncheon at the Music Center, debuted in 1965. Taking place every weekday at the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Music_Center" title="Los Angeles Music Center">Los Angeles Music Center</a>'s Pavilion Restaurant, Thomas Cassidy was the program's original host, primarily interviewing classical music artists.<a href="#cite_note-LATCassidyObit-82">[82]</a> Martin Workman became a substitute host in 1973 and succeeded Cassidy as host in 1976,<a href="#cite_note-MessagePrinci1979-89">[89]</a> broadening the show's focus to include opera, ballet, operetta and theater.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176" /><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:300px; ;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="">How Carl Princi and an average listener to KFAC defined music as art</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> You take (a listener to KFAC) who listens to Brahms or Beethoven and enjoys it thoroughly because it's great romantic music, but he'll hear modern music and he'll be up in arms. I have letters here that are driving me out of my mind because people are accusing us of spending most of our time playing modern classical music, which isn't true but that's the way they see it. So it's ugly. To them it's ugly; to us it's beautiful. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Carl_Princi" title="Carl Princi">Carl Princi</a>, KFAC operations manager<a href="#cite_note-PrinciTenure-101">[101]</a></cite></div> </div>Ray T. Miller died on July 13, 1966.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> One of his sons, Robert Miller, divested his stake in Cleveland Broadcasting Incorporated in April 1968 into an <a href="/wiki/Irrevocable_trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Irrevocable trust">irrevocable trust</a> when he acquired <a href="/wiki/WQMX" title="WQMX">WDBN</a> in <a href="/wiki/Medina,_Ohio" title="Medina, Ohio">Medina, Ohio</a>—but served both the Cleveland and <a href="/wiki/Akron" class="mw-redirect" title="Akron">Akron</a> markets—for $1 million, then a record valuation for a full-power FM signal.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The following month, Atlantic States Industries (ASI), a subsidiary of McGavren-Guild Radio, purchased the company for a combined $9 million (equivalent to $81.4 million in 2024).<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Due to ASI already owning five AM stations and one FM station, and because of an interim policy/proposed rule by the FCC prohibiting the purchase of an AM and FM station in the same market—the "one-to-a-customer" policy—KFAC and KFAC-FM would need a waiver in order to be exempted. Both stations purchased two full-page ads in the Los Angeles Times on January 19 and 23, 1969, soliciting listeners to write to KFAC in support of a waiver, claiming that if both stations were separated—even with a forced adoption of separate programming via the <a href="/wiki/FM_Non-Duplication_Rule" title="FM Non-Duplication Rule">FM Non-Duplication Rule</a><a href="#cite_note-500Listeners-138">[138]</a>—the format would be rendered unsustainable.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Approximately 3,000 people sent letters to KFAC in the first few days;<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> by February 9, a total of 15,000 letters were sent in support, including 500 letters from <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Bernardino County">San Bernardino County</a> alone. KFAC then forwarded the letters to the FCC.<a href="#cite_note-500Listeners-138">[138]</a> The waiver for KFAC and KFAC-FM was ultimately granted by the commission, and the deal was approved on October 29, 1969, on the condition that WERE-FM would be sold "as soon as practicable";<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> WERE-FM and the Sandusky stations had already been ordered for divestiture instead of either KFAC or KFAC-FM earlier in the process.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> After initial deals for all three fell through,<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> the Sandusky stations were spun off to a separate entity run by another son of Raymond Miller.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-WERETaxBreak-145">[145]</a> <a href="/wiki/General_Cinema_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="General Cinema Corporation">General Cinema Corporation</a> acquired WERE-FM in May 1970 for $525,000.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Listeners'_Guild_and_innovative_programming">The Listeners' Guild and innovative programming</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Listeners' Guild and innovative programming">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KFAC_1978_newspaper_ad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/KFAC_1978_newspaper_ad.jpg/220px-KFAC_1978_newspaper_ad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/KFAC_1978_newspaper_ad.jpg/330px-KFAC_1978_newspaper_ad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/KFAC_1978_newspaper_ad.jpg/440px-KFAC_1978_newspaper_ad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption>"How classical music changed my life." A 1978 newspaper advertisement for KFAC that poked fun at the station's audience being wealthy, educated and attractive to <a href="/wiki/High-end" class="mw-redirect" title="High-end">high-end</a> advertisers.</figcaption></figure> Despite the arguments presented to the FCC that separate program lineups and philosophies on KFAC and KFAC-FM would be unworkable, the full-time simulcast ended in 1970 with the FM station programmed separately for 18 hours a day; both stations also eschewed "semi-classical" programming in favor of more serious works.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> Another noticeable change was the adoption of clustered commercial breaks and on-air identifications similar to the <a href="/wiki/Top_40" title="Top 40">Top 40</a> format, which was claimed to help increase the amount of music the stations could play.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> The stations also established the KFAC Listeners' Guild in 1970 supported by an annual $3 membership fee, allowing listeners to provide direct feedback to the station and its operations.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> The Guild boasted over 11,000 paid members within the first year.<a href="#cite_note-KFACSpecialReport1971-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> On January 17, 1972,<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> under newly installed program director Bernie Alan,<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> the AM station took a more "popular" approach to music selections, playing familiar tunes and melodies with the aim of attracting younger listeners, while KFAC-FM took a more serious approach via a deeper playlist and broader spectrum of selections.<a href="#cite_note-KFACRoots-153">[153]</a> Both stations continued to simulcast core programming like Evening Concert, Luncheon at the Lincoln Center, and Continental Classics.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> All of these changes were not without controversy as a group of listeners filed challenges to KFAC's licenses with the FCC over the newly instituted programming policies.<a href="#cite_note-KFACcrossroads-130">[130]</a> The station settled the dispute by November 1972 by resuming publication of a program guide, seeking to tone down commercials, increasing the variety of selections aired on the AM frequency<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> and ultimately relieving Bernie Alan of his programming duties.<a href="#cite_note-lar-156">[156]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SAG-AFTRA_headquarters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/SAG-AFTRA_headquarters.jpg/250px-SAG-AFTRA_headquarters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/SAG-AFTRA_headquarters.jpg/330px-SAG-AFTRA_headquarters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/SAG-AFTRA_headquarters.jpg/500px-SAG-AFTRA_headquarters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="1906" /></a><figcaption>Now known as <a href="/wiki/SAG-AFTRA" title="SAG-AFTRA">SAG-AFTRA</a> Plaza, this <a href="/wiki/Miracle_Mile,_Los_Angeles" title="Miracle Mile, Los Angeles">Miracle Mile</a> building—under the Prudential Square name—housed KFAC's studios from 1953 to 1982.</figcaption></figure>Clyde Allen, Ph.D. served as KFAC's music director for 14 years<a href="#cite_note-face-157">[157]</a> in addition to being the music director for the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Ballet" title="Los Angeles Ballet">Los Angeles Ballet</a> upon their 1974 formation.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> Allen wrote and produced multiple documentaries, including a 12-hour KFAC retrospective that aired over both stations on January 14, 1979. Billed as celebrating "40 years of classical music programming," with an assortment of interviews, <a href="/wiki/Aircheck" title="Aircheck">airchecks</a> from past programs and other archival material, it was a largely <a href="/wiki/Apocrypha" title="Apocrypha">apocryphal</a> marketing promotion.<a href="#cite_note-Continumm-68">[68]</a> After moving studios from Prudential Square to the former Villa Capri restaurant on <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a>'s Yucca Street in 1982,<a href="#cite_note-dismay-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> KFAC unveiled a large mural painted by Thomas Surlyz outside of the station building on Christmas Day, 1983, showing their long-tenured airstaff cavorting with their respective favorite historical composers.<a href="#cite_note-KFACMural-103">[103]</a> The station formally <a href="/wiki/Liberal_feminism" title="Liberal feminism">broke the glass ceiling</a> in May 1985 with actress Lynne Warfel's hiring as the station's first female staff announcer; Carl Princi explained he had to wait several years for a job opening among the heavily tenured all-male staff.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Despite this distinction, Nicola Lubitsch—daughter of movie director <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Lubitsch" title="Ernst Lubitsch">Ernst Lubitsch</a>—had an on-air tryout to be a regular station announcer, with later press accounts erroneously attributing her as the first female announcer,<a href="#cite_note-NicolaLubitschKFAC-161">[161]</a> but management opted to hire Warfel.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Moreover, Leonora Schildkraut had been the first female to host a regularly scheduled program over KFAC in 1972 with the youth-oriented Through the Looking Glass.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Co-produced by the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Unified_School_District" title="Los Angeles Unified School District">Los Angeles Board of Education</a> for additional use within the city's school district,<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> this weekly show won KFAC its lone <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Peabody Award">Peabody Award</a> in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gussie_Moran" title="Gussie Moran">Gertrude "Gussie" Moran</a> also began a short-lived daily sportscast over KFAC on May 8, 1972, becoming the second female radio sportscaster in the city after KNX's <a href="/wiki/Jane_Chastain" title="Jane Chastain">Jane Chastain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> KFAC would continue to develop different specialty shows. Global Village debuted in 1971 and aired for two hours every Friday night; developed by Dennis Parnell, it was a "mosaic program concept" that included selections of any type of music, along with poetry and other readings.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> After Dennis Parnell left the station, <a href="/wiki/KCSN" title="KCSN">KCSN</a> host Doug Ordunio assumed several of Parnell's duties, taking over Global Village's production and provided the impetus for other shows.<a href="#cite_note-KFACSoundscape-168">[168]</a> Those shows included: Soundscape, simulcast over both stations, with no set format but the intent to display similarities between different music styles, along with discussions over the selections by Fred Crane;<a href="#cite_note-KFACSoundscape-168">[168]</a> At Home With, featuring interviews recorded at the homes of classical musical celebrities who lived in Southern California;<a href="#cite_note-KFACFondly-91">[91]</a> The Circular Path, a set of five four-hour specials surrounding music concepts and forms which would eventually repeat themselves; and Making Waves, a weekly program of <a href="/wiki/New-age_music" title="New-age music">new-age music</a>. Soundscape replaced a self-titled show hosted by <a href="/wiki/Skip_Weshner" title="Skip Weshner">Skip Weshner</a> that ran from 1973 to 1979,<a href="#cite_note-MessagePrinci1979-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-KFACSoundscape-168">[168]</a> Weshner would return to the station in 1983 to host the show again for one additional year.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Ordunio also became a staff announcer in 1981 hosting Artsline, a daily call-in <a href="/wiki/Talk_radio" title="Talk radio">talk</a> show devoted to the arts that aired exclusively on the AM frequency.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dismissing_the_"KFAC_Old_Guard"">Dismissing the "KFAC Old Guard"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Dismissing the "KFAC Old Guard"">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176" /><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:300px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Because publicity is rather obscure in our pursuit of broadcasting the classics--we are not, after all, your typical day-to-day hot copy--we felt more or less like anonymous creatures. I have actually received more recognition by being fired than at almost any other time in my career. I had no idea that so many people considered me a part of their daily lives. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">Tom Dixon, former KFAC host<a href="#cite_note-dismay-93">[93]</a></cite></div> </div> Classic Communications, Inc., a group of investors headed by Louise Heifetz—the daughter-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violin</a> <a href="/wiki/Virtuoso" title="Virtuoso">virtuoso</a> <a href="/wiki/Jascha_Heifetz" title="Jascha Heifetz">Jascha Heifetz</a><a href="#cite_note-dismay-93">[93]</a>—purchased the two stations from ASI on April 8, 1986, for $33.5 million (equivalent to $96.1 million in 2024);<a href="#cite_note-hands-171">[171]</a> KFAC executive vice president/sales manager Edward Argow was also a part of the group and was named <a href="/wiki/Chief_operating_officer" title="Chief operating officer">chief operating officer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> At age 57, Ralph Guild, the head of ASI, thought it was time to sell KFAC.<a href="#cite_note-hands-171">[171]</a> When the sale closed on December 17, program director Carl Princi announced his departure effective January 1, 1987, <a href="/wiki/KUSC" title="KUSC">KUSC</a> executive Robert Goldfarb was appointed as his replacement; while Heifetz did mention some program changes would take place, she denied KFAC would change format.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> In a shocking move, however, Princi, Tom Dixon, Fred Crane, Martin Workman, Doug Ordunio and A. James Liska were all fired outright on December 31, 1986, along with most of the engineering staff.<a href="#cite_note-dismay-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-RnRKFACFirings-174">[174]</a> Dixon notably was dismissed in the middle of his airshift, while Workman was fired immediately after his show ended; The Gas Company Evening Concert was the lone show retained on the schedule due to being a sponsored program under a separate contract.<a href="#cite_note-OwnerCleansHouse-175">[175]</a> Evening Concert host Thomas Cassidy himself retired from full-time duties on February 7.<a href="#cite_note-DrasticChangesKMET-81">[81]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176" /><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:290px; ;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="">Los Angeles Times commentary excerpt on KFAC's mass firings</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> In retrospect, the multi-decade tenure of Crane and Dixon and Princi must stand as one of the airwaves' major miracles. And that's just the point. These men deserve a better fate... all that's missing here is a simple show of respect. Not just for the announcers who've lost their jobs, but for the thousands of listeners who feel they've lost some old friends. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">Marc Shulgold, January 15, 1987<a href="#cite_note-ShulgoldKFAC-176">[176]</a></cite></div> </div>Robert Goldfarb publicly re-positioned KFAC as "100% classical", eschewing jazz selections and Broadway show tunes, with a younger airstaff consisting of Mary Fain from <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>'s <a href="/wiki/KING-FM" title="KING-FM">KING-FM</a>, KUSC announcer Rich Capparela, KFAC part-timer John Santana,<a href="#cite_note-refugees-177">[177]</a> returning staffer Bernie Alan<a href="#cite_note-dismay-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-RnRKFACFirings-174">[174]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Perlich" title="Martin Perlich">Martin Perlich</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> KFAC also cancelled <a href="/wiki/Adventures_in_Good_Music" title="Adventures in Good Music">Adventures in Good Music</a><a href="#cite_note-dismay-93">[93]</a> and dropped their <a href="/wiki/Mutual_Broadcasting_System" title="Mutual Broadcasting System">Mutual Broadcasting System</a> affiliation.<a href="#cite_note-OwnerCleansHouse-175">[175]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Pollack_(music_executive)" title="Jeff Pollack (music executive)">Jeff Pollack</a>, a programming consultant famously associated with <a href="/wiki/Album-oriented_rock" title="Album-oriented rock">album-oriented rock</a> stations, signed a contract to consult KFAC.<a href="#cite_note-RnRKFACFirings-174">[174]</a> Heifetz and Argow defended the moves by saying that KFAC's programming scope needed to be broadened in order to attract younger listeners and improve perennially low <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_ratings" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen ratings">Arbitron ratings</a>, and the tenured airstaff just didn't fit their plans.<a href="#cite_note-dismay-93">[93]</a> One month later, <a href="/wiki/KTWV" title="KTWV">KMET</a>'s entire airstaff was dismissed and format changed outright due to declining ratings of their own, echoing Heifetz and Argow's rationale.<a href="#cite_note-DrasticChangesKMET-81">[81]</a> This was still a major departure from prior ASI management who regarded KFAC's audience as wealthy, educated and attractive to loyal <a href="/wiki/High-end" class="mw-redirect" title="High-end">high-end</a> advertisers, a belief supported by the fact KFAC never operated with a financial loss.<a href="#cite_note-dismay-93">[93]</a> The firings and programming adjustments were met with a generally negative response from the public and dismay among the fired personnel. A commentary piece for the Los Angeles Times by Marc Shulgold noted how he had an "unsettling experience" while listening to the revamped format and concluded by saying the fired air talent and their listeners all deserved a better fate.<a href="#cite_note-ShulgoldKFAC-176">[176]</a> For their part, Carl Princi, Tom Dixon and Fred Crane all told the Times that Heifetz, Goldfarb and Argow badly misjudged the station's audience and predicted that KFAC's ratings and revenue would suffer as a result, while Dixon noted the outpouring of support from listeners upset at his removal far exceeded the recognition he received at any other point in his career.<a href="#cite_note-dismay-93">[93]</a> The dismissed announcers would subsequently file an <a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">age-discrimination</a> <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">lawsuit</a> against KFAC and prevailed in court.<a href="#cite_note-BGFredCraneObit-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_end_of_KFAC">The end of KFAC</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The end of KFAC">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/KRRL" title="KRRL">KRRL</a></div>KFAC and KFAC-FM were sold in two separate deals for a combined $63.7 million. After being put on the market in April 1988,<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> KFAC was sold to <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Communications" title="Lotus Communications">Lotus Communications</a> for $8.7 million (equivalent to $23.1 million in 2024) on July 15.<a href="#cite_note-KFACSaleToLotus1-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-KFACSaleToLotus2-181">[181]</a> Just before that deal closed on January 17, 1989, KFAC-FM was subsequently sold to Evergreen Media for $55 million (equivalent to $140 million in 2024).<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> The FM alone set a record for the most expensive sale of a classical music outlet in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-dallas-183">[183]</a> At the end, just five percent of KFAC-AM-FM's combined total audience listened to the AM frequency, which is why it was sold off first;<a href="#cite_note-british-184">[184]</a> even though KFAC-FM was not on the market, the offer made by Evergreen was high enough that it prompted Classic Communications to consider selling.<a href="#cite_note-dallas-183">[183]</a> Immediately, the news of the KFAC-FM sale in particular raised alarms from industry experts that the station was about to exit the classical format. While Evergreen head Scott Ginsberg initially told <a href="/wiki/Radio_%26_Records" title="Radio & Records">Radio & Records</a> that the station's format would remain in place,<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> American Radio publisher James Duncan Jr. warned, "Classical radio stations are not in vogue. What's in vogue is FM stations in Los Angeles", saying that Evergreen would have no choice but to change formats in order to make the revenue needed to pay the debt service incurred in acquiring KFAC-FM.<a href="#cite_note-dallas-183">[183]</a> After months of speculation, Evergreen donated the music library from both stations, estimated at 50,000 recordings, to <a href="/wiki/KUSC" title="KUSC">KUSC</a>, along with a $35,000 check;<a href="#cite_note-waltzends-186">[186]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Public_Library" title="Los Angeles Public Library">Los Angeles Public Library</a> acquired KFAC's <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">compact disc</a> library, the majority of titles KUSC already held.<a href="#cite_note-ParcelsOutLibrary-187">[187]</a> KUSC also acquired the programming rights to the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Orchestra" title="Philadelphia Orchestra">Philadelphia Orchestra</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_radio_broadcasts" title="Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts">Texaco Metropolitan Opera</a> broadcasts.<a href="#cite_note-waltzends-186">[186]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176" /><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:300px; ;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="">Opening to Rich Capparela's KFAC farewell speech</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> While it is too late to save KFAC, I believe that we should be able to draw a lesson from this passing, and turn this event into something good. I know that there are some who would say, "well, what's the big deal? We've got bigger problems to deal with!" And to people like that, and if you're thinking that way, I say this: if you want to make this country a better place to live in...you can start with nothing more important than the arts. Now, I'm not just talking here about classical music... literature, architecture, dance: the humanities. The humanities and a study of things greater than themselves is the most important way to impress people–especially young people!–of their place. Of their worth. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">Rich Capparela, September 20, 1989<a href="#cite_note-KFACSignsOff-188">[188]</a></cite></div> </div> KFAC's demise was seen as the end of an era in Los Angeles. In July, <a href="/wiki/KPFK" title="KPFK">KPFK</a> held a two-hour program that served as an "early wake" for KFAC, during which 20 listeners called into the station.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> <a href="/wiki/KCRW" title="KCRW">KCRW</a> presented a three-hour documentary—titled "KFAC: Requiem for a Radio Station"—hosted by Nicola Lubitsch with appearances from Fred Crane, Carl Princi, Thomas Cassidy and Tom Dixon, and a look back at KFAC's history.<a href="#cite_note-NicolaLubitschKFAC-161">[161]</a> The Los Angeles Times <a href="/wiki/Editorial_board" title="Editorial board">editorial board</a> mused on the pending switch, noting the dubious distinction of Los Angeles becoming the only major American city without a commercial classical music radio station, and advocated for another station in the market to adopt the format.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mount_Wilson_FM_Broadcasters" title="Mount Wilson FM Broadcasters">Mount Wilson FM Broadcasters</a>' <a href="/wiki/KKGO-FM" title="KKGO-FM">KKGO-FM</a> had already announced the adoption of classical programming during the daytime starting in January 1990,<a href="#cite_note-refugees-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-face-157">[157]</a> with its existing <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> format being transferred to <a href="/wiki/KFOX_(AM)" title="KFOX (AM)">KKGO (540 AM)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KFACMumOnChanges-191">[191]</a> Mount Wilson chairman Saul Levine expressed interest in acquiring the entire KFAC music library, but abandoned the offer when presented with a $1 million asking price; newly appointed general manager Jim de Castro—who joined the station in March from Evergreen's <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> outlet <a href="/wiki/WCKL_(FM)" title="WCKL (FM)">WLUP</a><a href="#cite_note-KKBTEars-192">[192]</a> and presided over the station's music library donations—denied seeking that amount, but that two appraisers valued the collection at upwards of $1.8 million.<a href="#cite_note-ParcelsOutLibrary-187">[187]</a> Meanwhile, new ownership capitalized on the attention to begin teasing 92.3's next format. The station carried part of a <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stones" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling Stones">Rolling Stones</a> press conference in Los Angeles in mid-July,<a href="#cite_note-face-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-KFACMumOnChanges-191">[191]</a> and in August, it paid for a billboard on <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Boulevard" title="Sunset Boulevard">Sunset Boulevard</a> reading, "<a href="/wiki/KKLQ_(FM)" title="KKLQ (FM)">Pirate Radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/KNX-FM" title="KNX-FM">KLSX</a>, <a href="/wiki/KLOS" title="KLOS">KLOS</a>: Get Ready to Move Over and Let the Big Dogs Eat!"<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> While published reports speculated that the station was to call itself "KBDE" as an acronym for "Big Dogs Eat",<a href="#cite_note-KKBTEars-192">[192]</a> James de Castro admitted to Radio & Records that the Sunset Boulevard billboard installation only came about after he won a bet playing golf, providing him (and Evergreen) full use of it for a full month.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> The earlier warnings posited by James Duncan Jr. and the dismissed KFAC personnel would become prophetic, as de Castro told The New York Times that KFAC suffered a significant decline in advertising revenue that rendered the format economically impossible to continue.<a href="#cite_note-beethoven-5">[5]</a> Evergreen hired Liz Kiley from <a href="/wiki/KOST" title="KOST">KOST</a> as program director for the replacement format; despite her background in <a href="/wiki/Adult_contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult contemporary">adult contemporary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_hit_radio" title="Contemporary hit radio">contemporary hit radio</a>, Kiley ordered for the station several <a href="/wiki/Album-oriented_rock" title="Album-oriented rock">AOR</a>-related syndicated radio specials.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> De Castro also expressed surprise in a Los Angeles Times interview that no organized effort to challenge the format change ever materialized, even as the station received a steady amount of protest letters and phone calls.<a href="#cite_note-waltzends-186">[186]</a> While the station had prepared a final schedule of music programming for the entire month of September 1989, the switch ended up occurring mid-month, as had been anticipated. That schedule for the last two days of the month was to have included, at the end of every air shift, <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._45_(Haydn)" title="Symphony No. 45 (Haydn)">Haydn's "Farewell" Symphony</a>.<a href="#cite_note-life-196">[196]</a> The soon-to-be-dismissed airstaff made pointed references on-air to the station's demise in the days leading up to it; Rich Capparela compared it to an <a href="/wiki/Execution_by_firing_squad" title="Execution by firing squad">execution by firing squad</a> before reading a weather forecast, while after playing <a href="/wiki/Tchaikovsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Tchaikovsky">Tchaikovsky</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._6_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Symphony No. 6 (Tchaikovsky)">Symphony No. 6</a>, Mary Fain said that the piece was "composed just a few months before his death, and played just a few hours before ours at KFAC."<a href="#cite_note-beethoven-5">[5]</a> The classical music station in San Diego, <a href="/wiki/KMYI" title="KMYI">KFSD</a>, ran advertising on KFAC promoting itself as "classical music for San Diego—and now for Orange County".<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> At the same time, Evergreen took out local ads on <a href="/wiki/L.A._Law" title="L.A. Law">L.A. Law</a>, the <a href="/wiki/MTV_Movie_%26_TV_Awards" title="MTV Movie & TV Awards">1989 MTV Movie Awards</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Arsenio_Hall_Show" title="The Arsenio Hall Show">The Arsenio Hall Show</a> that teased the new station.<a href="#cite_note-KKBTEars-192">[192]</a> At noon on September 20, 1989, KUSC, which had also placed advertising for its classical offerings on KFAC in the final days, simulcast the final hour of KFAC's classical programming.<a href="#cite_note-waltzends-186">[186]</a> This included Jim de Castro ceremoniously "<a href="/wiki/Baton_(conducting)" title="Baton (conducting)">passing a baton</a>" to KUSC general manager Wallace Smith,<a href="#cite_note-KKBTEars-192">[192]</a> followed by a farewell message from Rich Capparela, who would rejoin KUSC's airstaff; the hour concluded with KFAC-FM's final classical selection—the "Farewell" Symphony<a href="#cite_note-waltzends-186">[186]</a>—and a moment of silence led by de Castro.<a href="#cite_note-KFACSignsOff-188">[188]</a> At 1 p.m., after 60 seconds of silence, the FM station began <a href="/wiki/Stunting_(broadcasting)" title="Stunting (broadcasting)">stunting</a> with heartbeat sounds, interspersed with brief snippets of rock songs,<a href="#cite_note-KKBTEars-192">[192]</a> ahead of the debut of <a href="/wiki/KRRL" title="KRRL">KKBT</a> "The Beat" the next day.<a href="#cite_note-KKBT_LAT_R&R-198">[198]</a> The mural of KFAC's core airstaff outside of the Villa Capri studios was eventually painted over<a href="#cite_note-KKBTEars-192">[192]</a> and an outdoor "wall of fame" of <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_plaque" title="Commemorative plaque">brass plaques</a> honoring classical music <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composers</a> was supplanted by a series of plaques honoring <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_classical_music" title="Contemporary classical music">contemporary music</a> artists.<a href="#cite_note-waltzends-186">[186]</a> The KFAC call letters, which were also donated to KUSC,<a href="#cite_note-ParcelsOutLibrary-187">[187]</a> were placed on one of their <a href="/wiki/Repeater" title="Repeater">repeater stations</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara</a> from 1991 to 2004;<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> that station is now KCRW repeater <a href="/wiki/KDRW" title="KDRW">KDRW</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="KWKW">KWKW</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: KWKW">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For information on KWKW at 1300 AM prior to 1989, see <a href="/wiki/KAZN" title="KAZN">KAZN</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="KWKW_moves_to_1330">KWKW moves to 1330</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: KWKW moves to 1330">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaime_Jarrin_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Jaime_Jarrin_2009.jpg/250px-Jaime_Jarrin_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Jaime_Jarrin_2009.jpg/330px-Jaime_Jarrin_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Jaime_Jarrin_2009.jpg/500px-Jaime_Jarrin_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The lead Spanish-language <a href="/wiki/Sports_commentator" title="Sports commentator">play-by-play</a> announcer for the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a> since 1959, <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Jarr%C3%ADn" title="Jaime Jarrín">Jaime Jarrín</a> began his career at <a href="/wiki/KAZN" title="KAZN">KWKW (1300 AM)</a> in 1955. At both 1300 AM and 1330 AM, KWKW served as the team's Spanish flagship from 1958 to 1972 and again from 1986 to 2007.<a href="#cite_note-switchup-200">[200]</a></figcaption></figure> In contrast to the FM, the AM station would have a more straightforward fate. In order to facilitate their acquisition of KFAC and comply with then-existing FCC regulations, Lotus divested their existing Los Angeles AM property, <a href="/wiki/KAZN" title="KAZN">KWKW (1300 AM)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pasadena" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasadena">Pasadena</a>, to NetworksAmerica—headed by former KFAC station manager George Fritzinger—for $4.5 million (equivalent to $12 million in 2024);<a href="#cite_note-KFACSaleToLotus1-180">[180]</a> paperwork filed with the FCC showed Classic Communications purchasing KWKW from Lotus for the same dollar amount then acting as the seller.<a href="#cite_note-KFACSaleToLotus2-181">[181]</a> Lotus retained the KWKW call letters, <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">all on and off-air personnel, programming, and history</a>; the previous KWKW, owned by Lotus since 1962, was Southern California's oldest Spanish-language outlet, which had been broadcasting since 1941<a href="#cite_note-audience-201">[201]</a> and operated on the 1300 AM facility since 1950 following a similar asset/license swap.<a href="#cite_note-KWKW_1950_move-202">[202]</a> KWKW had been owned by Lotus since 1962 and was the first station to be purchased by the nascent broadcast chain.<a href="#cite_note-Lotus_1962_KWKW-203">[203]</a> On January 14, 1989, KFAC's call letters were changed to KWKW, and the programming heard on the previous KWKW effectively "moved" from 1300 to 1330, representing a coverage boost improving reception in the <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-british-184">[184]</a> In the process, a British comedy program known as Cynic's Choice hosted by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Clewer" title="Brian Clewer">Brian Clewer</a>, which had aired only on the AM frequency since 1971, was displaced.<a href="#cite_note-british-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> NetworksAmerica concurrently changed the former KWKW's call letters to <a href="/wiki/KAZN" title="KAZN">KAZN</a> and relaunched it as an Asian radio station—the first such radio station to operate in the Los Angeles area.<a href="#cite_note-british-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> With the switch to 1330 AM, KWKW expanded its focus on <a href="/wiki/Regional_Mexican" title="Regional Mexican">regional Mexican</a> music (including <a href="/wiki/Mariachi" title="Mariachi">mariachi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banda_music" title="Banda music">banda</a>), calling itself "La Mexicana". It also brought with it its sports coverage, which included Spanish-language broadcasts of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Raiders" title="Las Vegas Raiders">Los Angeles Raiders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> Dodgers broadcasts were headed up by <a href="/wiki/Sports_commentator" title="Sports commentator">play-by-play</a> announcer <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Jarr%C3%ADn" title="Jaime Jarrín">Jaime Jarrín</a>, a position he has held continuously since <a href="/wiki/1959_Los_Angeles_Dodgers_season" title="1959 Los Angeles Dodgers season">the 1959 season</a>;<a href="#cite_note-switchup-200">[200]</a> Jarrín began working at KWKW in 1955 as a news reporter.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> The station was further recognized by the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Broadcasters" title="National Association of Broadcasters">National Association of Broadcasters</a> as 1992's Spanish-language station of the year during their annual <a href="/wiki/NAB_Marconi_Radio_Awards" title="NAB Marconi Radio Awards">Marconi Radio Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-audience-201">[201]</a> That same year, Jim Kalmenson of Lotus attributed the success of KWKW to an audience that preferred tradition over change and needed a source of community information.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> In 1994, new program director Alberto Vera shuffled the station's lineup, leading to the resignations of several members of the air staff and protests from listeners; Vera sought to make the station better for family listening and reduce the number of <a href="/wiki/Double_entendre" title="Double entendre">double entendres</a> heard on the air.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> KWKW experimented with a <a href="/wiki/Talk_radio" title="Talk radio">talk</a> format in 1995 but could not fully commit to it because of contracts relating to the hosts of its music-driven shows.<a href="#cite_note-corridos-210">[210]</a> On August 11, 1997, KWKW left its regional Mexican music format and became just the second Spanish-language all-talk station in the United States (<a href="/wiki/KTNQ" title="KTNQ">KTNQ</a> was the first).<a href="#cite_note-corridos-210">[210]</a> It was the only Spanish-language radio station in the United States to send a crew to cover the 1998 visit of <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> to Cuba.<a href="#cite_note-audience-201">[201]</a> In 2000, <a href="/wiki/Arbitron" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbitron">Arbitron</a> surveys showed its listenership included the oldest and wealthiest Spanish speakers in the area; its programming, in addition to the Dodgers, included a live call-in show on immigration topics (Inmigración 1330) and hourly newscasts covering Mexican and Central American news.<a href="#cite_note-audience-201">[201]</a> In 1996, the station became the Spanish-language flagship of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Lakers" title="Los Angeles Lakers">Los Angeles Lakers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kobe_Bryant" title="Kobe Bryant">Kobe Bryant</a>'s rookie season, timing that was credited with helping the Lakers cement themselves as the most important sports franchise in the Los Angeles Hispanic market.<a href="#cite_note-KWKW_Lakers-211">[211]</a> Lotus acquired KWPA (1220 AM), a 250-watt station in <a href="/wiki/Pomona,_California" title="Pomona, California">Pomona</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Multicultural_Broadcasting" title="Multicultural Broadcasting">Multicultural Broadcasting</a> in 1999 for $750,000 (equivalent to $1.42 million in 2024).<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> Lotus renamed it <a href="/wiki/KTMZ" title="KTMZ">KWKU</a> and converted it to a simulcast of KWKW's sports programming improving reception in Pomona and <a href="/wiki/Ontario,_California" title="Ontario, California">Ontario</a>, in addition to serving as an overflow station for KWKW sports coverage; KWKU also exclusively carried broadcasts of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Sparks" title="Los Angeles Sparks">Los Angeles Sparks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/WNBA" class="mw-redirect" title="WNBA">WNBA</a>. The KWKU nominal main studio in Pomona would prove critical to getting KWKW back on the air on December 6, 2001, when a major fire at the Sunset Vine Tower, home to the Lotus cluster, caused extensive electrical damage to the building, which was deemed unsafe by fire officials. 105 computers, mixers and other equipment were carted out of the building, and John Cooper, the chief engineer for Lotus Los Angeles, drove them to Pomona, where the station was back on the air in six hours.<a href="#cite_note-tower-213">[213]</a> As a result of the extensive damage, Lotus relocated temporarily to the recently vacated KTNQ studios and later purchased a building near <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Hollywood" title="Universal Studios Hollywood">Universal Studios Hollywood</a> to be fitted out for its operation.<a href="#cite_note-tower-213">[213]</a> In 2003, Armando Aguayo—today one of the radio voices of <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_FC" title="Los Angeles FC">Los Angeles FC</a>, heard in Spanish on KWKW's sister station <a href="/wiki/KFWB" title="KFWB">KFWB</a>—got his start in the market on KWKW.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ESPN_Deportes_and_Tu_Liga_Radio">ESPN Deportes and Tu Liga Radio</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: ESPN Deportes and Tu Liga Radio">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176" /><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:250px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> I'm excited (about the Dodgers' new radio contract)... it's fantastic. But I was with KWKW for 51 years and a little bit of my heart will always be with KWKW. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Jarr%C3%ADn" title="Jaime Jarrín">Jaime Jarrín</a>, on the Dodgers' Spanish language radio flagship changing from KWKW to <a href="/wiki/KHJ_(AM)" title="KHJ (AM)">KHJ</a> for <a href="/wiki/2008_Los_Angeles_Dodgers_season" title="2008 Los Angeles Dodgers season">the 2008 season</a><a href="#cite_note-switchup-200">[200]</a></cite></div> </div> On October 1, 2005, KWKW went full-time as a Spanish-language <a href="/wiki/Sports_radio" title="Sports radio">sports</a> station, the flagship of a new radio network, <a href="/wiki/ESPN_Deportes_Radio" title="ESPN Deportes Radio">ESPN Deportes Radio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KWKWESPNDeportes-3">[3]</a> At the time, the station also carried <a href="/wiki/Chivas_USA" title="Chivas USA">Chivas USA</a> games.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> However, the station's relationship with the Dodgers—which had been on KWKW from 1958 to 1972 and then again beginning in 1986—ended after the 2007 season, when the franchise, citing its dislike of soccer preemptions that could have happened under the station's new deal to carry <a href="/wiki/LA_Galaxy" title="LA Galaxy">LA Galaxy</a> games, opted to sign with <a href="/wiki/KHJ_(AM)" title="KHJ (AM)">KHJ</a>.<a href="#cite_note-switchup-200">[200]</a> The Galaxy deal was arranged after <a href="/wiki/David_Beckham" title="David Beckham">David Beckham</a> signed a landmark contract with the <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">MLS</a> club, boosting the club and leagues' visibility on an international scale.<a href="#cite_note-Bandini-216">[216]</a> Consequently, the station inked a five-year contract to become the Spanish-language flagship of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels" title="Los Angeles Angels">Los Angeles Angels</a>, but Jaime Jarrín remained with the Dodgers broadcast team, ending a 51-year long run at KWKW as both a news reporter and sportscaster.<a href="#cite_note-switchup-200">[200]</a> Current Galaxy announcer Rolando 'Veloz' González has credited Jarrín with helping him get a start in U.S. broadcasting after <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">immigrating</a> from his native <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RolandoGonzalez-217">[217]</a> Along with the Galaxy coverage, the station has carried the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a>; while coverage of the <a href="/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2006 FIFA World Cup">2006 edition</a> was in Spanish, KWKW carried most of <a href="/wiki/ESPN_Radio" title="ESPN Radio">ESPN Radio</a>'s English-language coverage of the <a href="/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2010 FIFA World Cup">2010 edition</a>, allowing ESPN Radio affiliates <a href="/wiki/KSPN_(AM)" title="KSPN (AM)">KSPN</a> and <a href="/wiki/KLAA_(AM)" title="KLAA (AM)">KLAA</a> to continue with their normal program schedules. In 2018, the station contracted with <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BAtbol_de_Primera_(radio_network)" title="Fútbol de Primera (radio network)">Fútbol de Primera</a>, the national soccer radio network that holds World Cup rights, to exclusively produce coverage for KWKW.<a href="#cite_note-shift-218">[218]</a> KWKW and Fútbol de Primera teamed up again in 2019 to broadcast the first ever Spanish-language U.S. radio coverage of the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="FIFA Women's World Cup">FIFA Women's World Cup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> KWKW also was the Spanish flagship of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Avengers" title="Los Angeles Avengers">Los Angeles Avengers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_League" title="Arena Football League">Arena Football League</a> until the team folded in April 2009.<a href="#cite_note-KWKWESPNDeportes-3">[3]</a> Also in 2009, KWKW added the other NBA team in Los Angeles, the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Clippers" title="Los Angeles Clippers">Clippers</a>, to its rights portfolio, carrying 48 games in the first season.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> In 2016, KWKW became the Spanish-language home of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Rams" title="Los Angeles Rams">Los Angeles Rams</a>, heading up a multi-station network that also includes Lotus's Spanish sports outlet in Las Vegas, <a href="/wiki/KENO" class="mw-redirect" title="KENO">KENO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KWKWRams-221">[221]</a> Two years later, the station picked up 10 games of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Kings" title="Los Angeles Kings">Los Angeles Kings</a>—the first time in 20 years that any of the NHL team's games were broadcast in Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> With <a href="/wiki/Francisco_X._Rivera" title="Francisco X. Rivera">Francisco X. Rivera</a> and Nano Cortes as the announcers, this addition coincided with the Kings moving their English-language coverage onto the <a href="/wiki/IHeartRadio" title="IHeartRadio">iHeartRadio</a> platform; the team evaluated the KWKW partnership's viability through <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_media_measurement" title="Social media measurement">feedback and interactions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> The relationship was renewed for the 2019–20 season, with 12 home games airing on KWKW.<a href="#cite_note-KWKW_Kings-224">[224]</a> When ESPN Deportes ended operations on September 8, 2019, KWKW affiliated with <a href="/wiki/TUDN_Radio" title="TUDN Radio">TUDN Radio</a>, another Spanish-language sports network operated by <a href="/wiki/Univision_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Univision Communications">Univision</a>, airing its programming on nights and weekends.<a href="#cite_note-KWKW_TUDN_2019-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-KWKWTUDNSwitch-225">[225]</a> KWKW did not learn of the network's folding until it was publicly announced; general manager Jim Kalmenson said that ESPN Deportes programming was largely supplemental to the station's local sports talk programming which earned higher ratings.<a href="#cite_note-shift-218">[218]</a> The station also rebranded to Tu Liga (Your League) reflecting the addition of <a href="/wiki/Liga_MX" title="Liga MX">Liga MX</a> soccer to the lineup via TUDN Radio's play-by-play.<a href="#cite_note-KWKWTUDNSwitch-225">[225]</a> Along with the switch, prior TUDN affiliate KTNQ—itself owned by Univision—switched back to a talk format.<a href="#cite_note-ri-ktnqtalkagain-226">[226]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programming">Programming</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Programming">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weekdays_and_weekends">Weekdays and weekends</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Weekdays and weekends">edit</a>]</div> KWKW airs news and sports programming during the day. In morning drive, the station airs a three-hour newscast, 1330 Informa (1330 Reports). Local sports programming on KWKW includes Mi Raza...Tu Liga with Rafael Ramos Villagrana, Mario Amaya, and Armando Aguayo in early afternoons; the latter two also host SuperGol with Armando Aguayo, Troy Santiago and Mario Amaya in late afternoons.<a href="#cite_note-programación-227">[227]</a> <a href="/wiki/TUDN_Radio" title="TUDN Radio">TUDN Radio</a> programming airs on nights and weekends.<a href="#cite_note-KWKWTUDNSwitch-225">[225]</a> There are several non-sports specialty programs that air on KWKW, notably on Saturdays when the station airs eight hours of specialty programs under the banner Sábados Centroamericanos (Central American Saturdays).<a href="#cite_note-programación-227">[227]</a> On weekdays, KWKW broadcasts a health program, Nutrición al Día (Nutrition Today), hosted by Dr. Neyda Carballo-Ricardo.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Play-by-play">Play-by-play</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Play-by-play">edit</a>]</div> KWKW is currently the <a href="/wiki/Flagship_(broadcasting)" title="Flagship (broadcasting)">flagship</a> of a four-station <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Lakers_radio_networks" title="Los Angeles Lakers radio networks">Spanish-language network</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Lakers" title="Los Angeles Lakers">Los Angeles Lakers</a> (<a href="/wiki/NBA" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA">NBA</a>), with Jose "Pepe" Mantilla, Fernando González and Francisco Pinto as announcers; all games are broadcast live.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> The station is additionally the flagship of a multi-station Spanish-language network for the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Rams" title="Los Angeles Rams">Los Angeles Rams</a> (<a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a>) featuring play-by-play announcer Troy Santiago and color analyst Ricardo López.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> All games from the <a href="/wiki/LA_Galaxy" title="LA Galaxy">LA Galaxy</a> (<a href="/wiki/MLS" class="mw-redirect" title="MLS">MLS</a>) are broadcast exclusively on KWKW with play-by-play announcer Rolando 'Veloz' González, whose involvement with the team dates back to 1996.<a href="#cite_note-RolandoGonzalez-217">[217]</a> KWKW also airs Spanish-language play-by-play of the following teams: the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels" title="Los Angeles Angels">Los Angeles Angels</a> (<a href="/wiki/MLB" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB">MLB</a>)<a href="#cite_note-switchup-200">[200]</a> with announcer <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Tolentino" title="José Tolentino">José Tolentino</a>,<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Clippers" title="Los Angeles Clippers">Los Angeles Clippers</a> (NBA) with announcer Armando Garcia<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Kings" title="Los Angeles Kings">Los Angeles Kings</a> (<a href="/wiki/NHL" class="mw-redirect" title="NHL">NHL</a>) with announcer <a href="/wiki/Francisco_X._Rivera" title="Francisco X. Rivera">Francisco X. Rivera</a>. Select coverage of <a href="/wiki/Liga_MX" title="Liga MX">Liga MX</a> matches are broadcast on KWKW via TUDN Radio. Co-owned <a href="/wiki/KFWB" title="KFWB">KFWB</a> also carries select play-by-play from the aforementioned teams in the event of schedule conflicts.<a href="#cite_note-KWKWTUDNSwitch-225">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="FM_translator">FM translator</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: FM translator">edit</a>]</div> In 2017, KWKW began broadcasting on an FM translator, K264CQ (100.7 FM), which has its transmitter mounted to one of KWKW's AM towers.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_translator" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcast translator">Broadcast translator</a> for KWKW </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Call_signs_in_North_America" title="Call signs in North America">Call sign</a></th> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="number"><a href="/wiki/Center_frequency" title="Center frequency">Frequency</a></th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/City_of_license" title="City of license">City of license</a></th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Facility_ID" title="Facility ID"><abbr title="Facility ID">FID</abbr></a></th> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="number"><a href="/wiki/Effective_radiated_power" title="Effective radiated power"><abbr title="Effective radiated power">ERP</abbr></a> (<a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt"><abbr title="watt">W</abbr></a>)</th> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="number"><a href="/wiki/Height_above_average_terrain" title="Height above average terrain"><abbr title="Height above average terrain">HAAT</abbr></a></th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_broadcast_station_classes" title="List of North American broadcast station classes">Class</a></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Transmitter coordinates</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">FCC info </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">K264CQ </th> <td>100.7 FM</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">141734</td> <td style="text-align: right;">60</td> <td>110 <a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">m</a> (361 <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">ft</a>)</td> <td>D</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=KWKW&params=34_01_10_N_118_20_45_W_type:landmark_region:US-CA">34°01′10″N 118°20′45″W / 34.01944°N 118.34583°W / 34.01944; -118.34583</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enterpriseefiling.fcc.gov/dataentry/public/tv/publicFacilityDetails.html?facilityId=141734">LMS</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_initial_AM-band_station_grants_in_the_United_States" title="List of initial AM-band station grants in the United States">List of initial AM-band station grants in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enterpriseefiling.fcc.gov/dataentry/public/tv/publicFacilityTechDetails.html?facilityId=38454">"Facility Technical Data for KWKW"</a>. 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Retrieved January 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.radioheritage.net&rft.atitle=Radio+Heritage+Foundation+-+KFSG+Los+Angeles+-+Setting+the+Record+Straight&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radioheritage.net%2FStory50.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FullerBook-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FullerBook_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FullerBook_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFuller1972" class="citation book cs1">Fuller, Daniel P. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F0USBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA75">Give the Winds a Mighty Voice: The Story of Charles E. Fuller</a>. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 75–76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781498207157" title="Special:BookSources/9781498207157"><bdi>9781498207157</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054249/https://books.google.com/books?id=F0USBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA75">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Give+the+Winds+a+Mighty+Voice%3A+The+Story+of+Charles+E.+Fuller&rft.place=Eugene%2C+Oregon&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E76&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=9781498207157&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Daniel+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF0USBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41978280/">"Bible Institute Plans Building Kilowatt Radio"</a>. Los Angeles Times. August 10, 1922. p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054225/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41978280/bible-institute-plans-building-kilowatt/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Bible+Institute+Plans+Building+Kilowatt+Radio&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1922-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F41978280%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79812071/nearly-70-sending-broadcast-los/">"Nearly 70 Sending Broadcast: Los Angeles Has Sixteen Stations and This District Has Sixty-seven"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. June 18, 1922. p. II6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203247/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79812071/nearly-70-sending-broadcast-los/">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Nearly+70+Sending+Broadcast%3A+Los+Angeles+Has+Sixteen+Stations+and+This+District+Has+Sixty-seven&rft.pages=II6&rft.date=1922-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F79812071%2Fnearly-70-sending-broadcast-los%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDaggett1922" class="citation news cs1">Daggett, John S. (May 11, 1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45896488/broadcasting-times-changed/">"Broadcasting times changed: Southland Radio Association Amends Schedule; "Times" to be on the Air Twice Daily; New Sending Periods Are Effective Friday"</a>. Los Angeles Daily Times. Los Angeles, California. pp. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45896561/broadcasting-times-changed-pt-2/">10</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210610182021/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45896488/broadcasting-times-changed/">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Broadcasting+times+changed%3A+Southland+Radio+Association+Amends+Schedule%3B+%22Times%22+to+be+on+the+Air+Twice+Daily%3B+New+Sending+Periods+Are+Effective+Friday&rft.pages=1%2C+10&rft.date=1922-05-11&rft.aulast=Daggett&rft.aufirst=John+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F45896488%2Fbroadcasting-times-changed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45895961/thousands-listen-to-wireless-program/">"Thousands listen to wireless program: Dedicatory Concert from Great New Air Station is Heard Throughout Southland"</a>. Los Angeles Daily Times. Los Angeles, California. April 14, 1922. pp. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45896022/to-flash-news-by-radio/">9</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210610182013/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45895961/thousands-listen-to-wireless-program/">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Thousands+listen+to+wireless+program%3A+Dedicatory+Concert+from+Great+New+Air+Station+is+Heard+Throughout+Southland&rft.pages=1%2C+9&rft.date=1922-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F45895961%2Fthousands-listen-to-wireless-program%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Radio_Pulpit_Topics-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Radio_Pulpit_Topics_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Radio_Pulpit_Topics_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45897533/pulpit-topics-cover-many-affairs-of-day/">"Pulpit Topics Cover Many Affairs of Day"</a>. Los Angeles Daily Times. Los Angeles, California. April 22, 1922. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210610182013/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45897533/pulpit-topics-cover-many-affairs-of-day/">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Pulpit+Topics+Cover+Many+Affairs+of+Day&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1922-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F45897533%2Fpulpit-topics-cover-many-affairs-of-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Doings/Radio-Doings-1922-08-19.pdf">"K. J. S. Bible Institute Radiophone: Program for the Week August 21st to August 27th"</a> (PDF). Radio Doings. August 19, 1922. p. 31. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054226/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Doings/Radio-Doings-1922-08-19.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Doings&rft.atitle=K.+J.+S.+Bible+Institute+Radiophone%3A+Program+for+the+Week+August+21st+to+August+27th&rft.pages=31&rft.date=1922-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Radio-Doings%2FRadio-Doings-1922-08-19.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ads-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ads_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ads_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41979669/">"Church of the Open Door/The Bible Institute of Los Angeles"</a>. Los Angeles Times. July 21, 1928. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054259/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41979669/ktbi-ads-1928/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Church+of+the+Open+Door%2FThe+Bible+Institute+of+Los+Angeles&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1928-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F41979669%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41976956/">"Bible Institute Stresses Music"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. September 23, 1927. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054229/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41976956/bible-institute-stresses-music/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. 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December 18, 1927. p. 74. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054227/https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Site-Early-Radio/Archive-Radio-Doings-IDX/IDX/Radio-Doings-1927-12-18-OCR-Page-0074.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Doings&rft.atitle=KTBI&rft.pages=74&rft.date=1927-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2Fhd2%2FIDX-Site-Early-Radio%2FArchive-Radio-Doings-IDX%2FIDX%2FRadio-Doings-1927-12-18-OCR-Page-0074.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPowers1928" class="citation news cs1">Powers, Ralph L. 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Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=New+Broadcast+Changes+May+Puzzle+Radio+Fan&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1928-11-11&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=Ralph+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42104139%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41976576/">"New Studio at KTBI Station"</a>. Los Angeles Times. June 4, 1928. p. 14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054231/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41976576/new-studio-at-ktbi-station/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. 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Retrieved January 9, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Children%27s+Program+for+Institute+Radio&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1928-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F41977266%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41980098/">"Radio Schedule for Trinity Methodist"</a>. Los Angeles Times. November 4, 1928. p. 29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054256/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41980098/radio-schedule-for-trinity-methodist/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. 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Los Angeles Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200111180459/https://www.lamag.com/longform/biola-university-prove-no-old-fashioned-bible-school/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Magazine&rft.atitle=How+Biola+University+Is+Out+to+Prove+That+It%27s+No+Old-fashioned+Bible+School+Los+Angeles+Magazine&rft.date=2007-03-02&rft.aulast=Humes&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lamag.com%2Flongform%2Fbiola-university-prove-no-old-fashioned-bible-school%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79819996/bible-institute-in-challenge/">"Bible Institute in Challenge"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. 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Retrieved January 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=laradio.com&rft.atitle=Email+Saturday%2C+2.11%3A+%2A%2A+KFAC+Clarifications&rft.date=2017-02-11&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Don&rft.au=Hilliker%2C+Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaradio.com%2F2017.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDouglas1932" class="citation news cs1">Douglas, Doug (April 12, 1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50842901/joe-palooka-in-radio-bow/">""Joe Palooka" in Radio Bow"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. p. 18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210610182017/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50842901/joe-palooka-in-radio-bow/">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2021. 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June 4, 1932. p. II-6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210610182019/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52100302/auburn-fuller-company-gets-new-receiver/">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Auburn-Fuller+Company+Gets+New+Receiver&rft.pages=II-6&rft.date=1932-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F52100302%2Fauburn-fuller-company-gets-new-receiver%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britain-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britain_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britain_43-1">b</a> <a href="#ELCordBook">Borgeson</a>, pp. 174. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1934/05/30/archives/cord-family-fled-kidnapping-threat-went-abroad-suddenly-after.html">"CORD FAMILY FLED KIDNAPPING THREAT; Went Abroad Suddenly After Repeated Warnings That 4 Children Faced Harm. IN ENGLAND TWO MONTHS Motor Man Now Is Expected to Take 'Indefinite Cruise' as Yacht Clears for Europe"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. May 30, 1934. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054301/https://www.nytimes.com/1934/05/30/archives/cord-family-fled-kidnapping-threat-went-abroad-suddenly-after.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=CORD+FAMILY+FLED+KIDNAPPING+THREAT%3B+Went+Abroad+Suddenly+After+Repeated+Warnings+That+4+Children+Faced+Harm.+IN+ENGLAND+TWO+MONTHS+Motor+Man+Now+Is+Expected+to+Take+%27Indefinite+Cruise%27+as+Yacht+Clears+for+Europe.&rft.date=1934-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1934%2F05%2F30%2Farchives%2Fcord-family-fled-kidnapping-threat-went-abroad-suddenly-after.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpecial_Cable_to_THE_NEW_YORK_TIMES1934" class="citation news cs1">Special Cable to THE NEW YORK TIMES (May 31, 1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1934/05/31/archives/cord-does-not-deny-he-fled-kidnappers-but-refuses-definite-comment.html">"CORD DOES NOT DENY HE FLED KIDNAPPERS; But Refuses Definite Comment -- Sons' Wisconsin School Tells of Threats"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054309/https://www.nytimes.com/1934/05/31/archives/cord-does-not-deny-he-fled-kidnappers-but-refuses-definite-comment.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=CORD+DOES+NOT+DENY+HE+FLED+KIDNAPPERS%3B+But+Refuses+Definite+Comment+--+Sons%27+Wisconsin+School+Tells+of+Threats.&rft.date=1934-05-31&rft.au=Special+Cable+to+THE+NEW+YORK+TIMES&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1934%2F05%2F31%2Farchives%2Fcord-does-not-deny-he-fled-kidnappers-but-refuses-definite-comment.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1936/1936-05-01-BC.pdf">"KVFD [sic] Sale Arranged"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. May 1, 1936. p. 50. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1014782822">1014782822</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054314/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1936/1936-05-01-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=KVFD+%5Bsic%5D+Sale+Arranged&rft.pages=50&rft.date=1936-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1936%2F1936-05-01-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1936/1936-07-01-BC.pdf">"KFVD, Los Angeles, purchased several weeks ago by J. F. Burke..."</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. July 1, 1936. p. 131. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1014911312">1014911312</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054251/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1936/1936-07-01-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=KFVD%2C+Los+Angeles%2C+purchased+several+weeks+ago+by+J.+F.+Burke...&rft.pages=131&rft.date=1936-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1936%2F1936-07-01-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/04/archives/errett-cord-is-dead-at-79-developer-of-luxury-car-a-car-to-copy.html">"Errett Cord Is Dead at 79; Developer of Luxury Car"</a>. The New York Times. July 4, 1974. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200113041436/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/04/archives/errett-cord-is-dead-at-79-developer-of-luxury-car-a-car-to-copy.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Errett+Cord+Is+Dead+at+79%3B+Developer+of+Luxury+Car&rft.date=1974-07-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1974%2F01%2F04%2Farchives%2Ferrett-cord-is-dead-at-79-developer-of-luxury-car-a-car-to-copy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPalmer1933" class="citation news cs1">Palmer, Kyle (January 17, 1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42074349/">"Supreme Court Rejects Radio Plea of Shuler; Counsel Indicates Further Battle; Decision Viewed as Final Sets Up Precedent on Broadcasting"</a>. Los Angeles Times. pp. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42074363/">4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054235/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42074349/supreme-court-rejects-radio-plea-of/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Supreme+Court+Rejects+Radio+Plea+of+Shuler%3B+Counsel+Indicates+Further+Battle%3B+Decision+Viewed+as+Final+Sets+Up+Precedent+on+Broadcasting&rft.pages=1%2C+4&rft.date=1933-01-17&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42074349%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jeff560.tripod.com/kgfj.html">"KGFJ - Los Angeles, The Original 24-Hour Radio Station"</a>. jeff560.tripod.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200211052243/http://jeff560.tripod.com/kgfj.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jeff560.tripod.com&rft.atitle=KGFJ+-+Los+Angeles%2C+The+Original+24-Hour+Radio+Station&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjeff560.tripod.com%2Fkgfj.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1935/1935-05-01-BC.pdf">"Hearst Interests Ready To Assume Operation of Two West Coast Stations"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. May 1, 1935. p. 31. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1505578380">1505578380</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054234/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1935/1935-05-01-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=Hearst+Interests+Ready+To+Assume+Operation+of+Two+West+Coast+Stations&rft.pages=31&rft.date=1935-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1935%2F1935-05-01-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1936/1936-02-01-BC.pdf">"New Los Angeles Station With Half KFAC's Time Is Favored by Examiner"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. February 1, 1936. p. 65. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1014790507">1014790507</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054234/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1936/1936-02-01-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=New+Los+Angeles+Station+With+Half+KFAC%27s+Time+Is+Favored+by+Examiner&rft.pages=65&rft.date=1936-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1936%2F1936-02-01-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1936/1936-08-01-BC.pdf">"Kindig Station Denied"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. August 1, 1936. p. 57. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1014915684">1014915684</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054315/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1936/1936-08-01-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=Kindig+Station+Denied&rft.pages=57&rft.date=1936-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1936%2F1936-08-01-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42070529/">"Radio Changes Set For Saturday"</a>. Los Angeles Times. March 28, 1941. p. 24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054249/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42070529/radio-changes-set-for-midnight/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Radio+Changes+Set+For+Saturday&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1941-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42070529%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42070757/whoa_bill_club_starts/">""The Keeper of the Pig" ..."</a> Los Angeles Evening Express. Los Angeles, California. July 30, 1931. p. 18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200112202328/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42070757/whoa_bill_club_starts/">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Evening+Express&rft.atitle=%22The+Keeper+of+the+Pig%22+...&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1931-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42070757%2Fwhoa_bill_club_starts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Doings/Radio-Doings-1931-09.pdf">"Keeper of the Pig: With His Family of Radio Porkers, Harry Jackson Entertains the Kids and at the Same Time Molds Their Characters"</a> (PDF). Radio Doings. September 1931. p. 26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054248/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Doings/Radio-Doings-1931-09.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Doings&rft.atitle=Keeper+of+the+Pig%3A+With+His+Family+of+Radio+Porkers%2C+Harry+Jackson+Entertains+the+Kids+and+at+the+Same+Time+Molds+Their+Characters&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1931-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Radio-Doings%2FRadio-Doings-1931-09.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1931/1931-11-15-BC.pdf">"Behind the Microphone"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. November 15, 1931. p. 19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054300/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1931/1931-11-15-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. 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Retrieved January 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Life&rft.atitle=Radio+in+Review%3A+Uncle+Whoa+Bill&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E10-%3C%2Fspan%3E11&rft.date=1947-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Radio-Life%2F40s%2F47%2FRadio-Life-1947-06-01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UncleWhoaBill1946-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UncleWhoaBill1946_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UncleWhoaBill1946_59-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UncleWhoaBill1946_59-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/46/Radio-Life-1946-02-03.pdf">"You Have to Be Young"</a> (PDF). Radio Life. February 3, 1946. pp. 29, 35. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054249/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/46/Radio-Life-1946-02-03.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Life&rft.atitle=You+Have+to+Be+Young&rft.pages=29%2C+35&rft.date=1946-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Radio-Life%2F40s%2F46%2FRadio-Life-1946-02-03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/44/Radio-Life-1944-04-09.pdf">"Seen on the Radio Scene"</a> (PDF). Radio Life. May 9, 1944. p. 59. Retrieved January 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Life&rft.atitle=Seen+on+the+Radio+Scene&rft.pages=59&rft.date=1944-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Radio-Life%2F40s%2F44%2FRadio-Life-1944-04-09.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFObituaries2019" class="citation news cs1">Obituaries, Telegraph (May 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2019/05/09/louise-erickson-actress-became-emblem-bobby-soxer-generation/">"Louise Erickson, actress who became an emblem of the Bobby Soxer generation – obituary"</a>. The Telegraph. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200205143919/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2019/05/09/louise-erickson-actress-became-emblem-bobby-soxer-generation/">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Louise+Erickson%2C+actress+who+became+an+emblem+of+the+Bobby+Soxer+generation+%E2%80%93+obituary&rft.date=2019-05-09&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Obituaries&rft.aufirst=Telegraph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fobituaries%2F2019%2F05%2F09%2Flouise-erickson-actress-became-emblem-bobby-soxer-generation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGalloway1997" class="citation web cs1">Galloway, Doug (June 19, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/1997/scene/people-news/aaron-red-doff-1116679223/">"Aaron (Red) Doff"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200111064639/https://variety.com/1997/scene/people-news/aaron-red-doff-1116679223/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2020. 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Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200111064845/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-06-18-mn-4408-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Aaron+%27Red%27+Doff%3B+Talent+Agent%2C+Publicist+and+Movie+Producer&rft.date=1997-06-18&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=Myrna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1997-06-18-mn-4408-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-StanChambers-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StanChambers_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StanChambers_64-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChambersBrokaw2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Chambers" title="Stan Chambers">Chambers, Stan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tom_Brokaw" title="Tom Brokaw">Brokaw, Tom</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OIIMfda3niwC">KTLA's News At 10: Sixty Years with Stan Chambers</a>. Lake Forest, California: Behler Publications. pp. 1–2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781933016696" title="Special:BookSources/9781933016696"><bdi>9781933016696</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=KTLA%27s+News+At+10%3A+Sixty+Years+with+Stan+Chambers&rft.place=Lake+Forest%2C+California&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pub=Behler+Publications&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781933016696&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=Stan&rft.au=Brokaw%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOIIMfda3niwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81045453/crosby-interprets-football-fever-in/">"Crosby Interprets Football Fever in 'Times' Program"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. November 22, 1937. p. I-4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210713210937/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81045453/crosby-interprets-football-fever-in/">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Crosby+Interprets+Football+Fever+in+%27Times%27+Program&rft.pages=I-4&rft.date=1937-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F81045453%2Fcrosby-interprets-football-fever-in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FongTorresBook-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FongTorresBook_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FongTorresBook_66-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFong-Torres1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Fong-Torres" title="Ben Fong-Torres">Fong-Torres, Ben</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8qreFRzhjyIC">The Hits Just Keep on Coming: The History of Top 40 Radio</a>. San Francisco: Backbeat Books. pp. 22, 60–64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780879306649" title="Special:BookSources/9780879306649"><bdi>9780879306649</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hits+Just+Keep+on+Coming%3A+The+History+of+Top+40+Radio&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=22%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E60-%3C%2Fspan%3E64&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780879306649&rft.aulast=Fong-Torres&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8qreFRzhjyIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShepherdHornLaingOliver2003" class="citation book cs1">Shepherd, John; Horn, David; Laing, Dave; Oliver, Paul (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ws-vAwAAQBAJ">Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World, Volume 1: Media, Industry, Society</a>. London: Continuum. p. 462. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781847144737" title="Special:BookSources/9781847144737"><bdi>9781847144737</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Continuum+Encyclopedia+of+Popular+Music+of+the+World%2C+Volume+1%3A+Media%2C+Industry%2C+Society&rft.place=London&rft.pages=462&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781847144737&rft.aulast=Shepherd&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Horn%2C+David&rft.au=Laing%2C+Dave&rft.au=Oliver%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWs-vAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Continumm-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Continumm_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Continumm_68-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Continumm_68-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown1979" class="citation news cs1">Brown, James (January 14, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42039472/kfac_celebrates_a_classic_case_of/">"KFAC Celebrates a Classic Stage of Nostalgia"</a>. Los Angeles Times. pp. 74, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42039646/">75</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200110211532/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42039472/kfac_celebrates_a_classic_case_of/">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2020. 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Retrieved April 18, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Keeping+Up+With+Fast+Company&rft.pages=25&rft.date=1944-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Radio-Life%2F40s%2F44%2FRadio-Life-1944-01-16.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Album/Radio-Album-1948-Fall.pdf">"Soap Suds Alley: Five-A-Day"</a> (PDF). Radio Album. <a href="/wiki/Dell_Magazines" title="Dell Magazines">Dell Magazines</a>. Fall 1948. pp. 74–75. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054454/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Album/Radio-Album-1948-Fall.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. 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July 1947. pp. 30–32, 90–92. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054553/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Mirror/47/Mirror-1947-Jul.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. 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The KFAC Listeners Guild Magazine. p. 2. 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Retrieved January 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Life&rft.atitle=Mikemen--Thomas+Cassidy&rft.pages=33%2C+38&rft.date=1947-07-13&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Radio-Life%2F40s%2F47%2FRadio-Life-1947-07-13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLax1979" class="citation news cs1">Lax, Cecille (January–February 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://steampoweredradio.com/pdf/KFAC%20listeners%20guild%20magazines/kfac%20listeners%20guild%20magazine%20jan_feb%201979%2040th%20anniversary%20edition.pdf">"NEWS & VIEWS"</a> (PDF). The KFAC Listeners Guild Magazine. p. 14. 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Hollywood, California. p. 13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210713210937/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81379457/entertainment-on-the-air-for-tonight/">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2021. 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Los Angeles, California. p. L14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210713210937/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81380195/ruth-etting-to-sing-for-army-night/">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2021. 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January 15, 1938. p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200111050554/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42069772/la_times_radio_log_january_15_1938/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=LA+Times+radio+log&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1938-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42069772%2Fla_times_radio_log_january_15_1938%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42012636/your_gas_companys_evening_concert_on/">"Commemorating - 5th Anniversary of Your Gas Company's "Evening Concert": Advertisement"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. October 21, 1945. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054601/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42012636/your-gas-companys-evening-concert-on/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Commemorating+-+5th+Anniversary+of+Your+Gas+Company%27s+%22Evening+Concert%22%3A+Advertisement&rft.date=1945-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42012636%2Fyour_gas_companys_evening_concert_on%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCorbett1940" class="citation news cs1">Corbett, Noel (November 5, 1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42012966/valley_radiovoices/">"Valley Radio-Voices"</a>. 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November 13, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191203014234/https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-xpm-2012-nov-13-la-me-passings-20121113-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2019. 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Retrieved June 16, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Colton+Courier&rft.atitle=New+Musical+Radio+Program+Slated+For+Area&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1957-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F79685497%2Fnew-musical-radio-program-slated-for-are%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPage1963" class="citation news cs1">Page, Don (June 30, 1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79683134/knx-to-get-a-bang-out-of-fourth-of-july/">"KNX to Get a Bang Out of Fourth of July"</a>. Los Angeles Times Calendar. Los Angeles, California. p. 30. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79683134/knx-to-get-a-bang-out-of-fourth-of-july/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times+Calendar&rft.atitle=KNX+to+Get+a+Bang+Out+of+Fourth+of+July&rft.pages=30&rft.date=1963-06-30&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F79683134%2Fknx-to-get-a-bang-out-of-fourth-of-july%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79683609/theyre-coming-to-our-25th-birthday-part/">"They're coming to our 25th birthday party tonight. Won't you join us, too, for Evening Concert? (advertisement)"</a>. San Pedro News-Pilot. <a href="/wiki/Copley_Press" title="Copley Press">Copley Press</a>. October 1, 1965. p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054600/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79683609/theyre-coming-to-our-25th-birthday/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Pedro+News-Pilot&rft.atitle=They%27re+coming+to+our+25th+birthday+party+tonight.+Won%27t+you+join+us%2C+too%2C+for+Evening+Concert%3F+%28advertisement%29&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1965-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F79683609%2Ftheyre-coming-to-our-25th-birthday-part%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZeVan2002" class="citation web cs1">ZeVan, Barry (June 17, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.startribune.com/i-love-lucy-script-writer-was-one-fascinating-lady/159319665/">""I Love Lucy" script writer was one fascinating lady"</a>. Star Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200111193303/http://www.startribune.com/i-love-lucy-script-writer-was-one-fascinating-lady/159319665/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Star+Tribune&rft.atitle=%22I+Love+Lucy%22+script+writer+was+one+fascinating+lady&rft.date=2002-06-17&rft.aulast=ZeVan&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.startribune.com%2Fi-love-lucy-script-writer-was-one-fascinating-lady%2F159319665%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCox2012" class="citation book cs1">Cox, Jim (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aYuyvt7VR2sC">Musicmakers of Network Radio: 24 Entertainers, 1926-1962</a>. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. pp. 7–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786489626" title="Special:BookSources/9780786489626"><bdi>9780786489626</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Musicmakers+of+Network+Radio%3A+24+Entertainers%2C+1926-1962&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780786489626&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaYuyvt7VR2sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/45/Radio-Life-1945-12-16.pdf">"All Opening For You In Radio!"</a> (PDF). Radio Life. December 16, 1945. pp. 30–31. 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New York Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200111193303/https://nypost.com/2000/11/01/so-long-steverino-tv-legend-who-launched-tonight-show-dies-at-78/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Post&rft.atitle=SO+LONG%2C+STEVERINO+%E2%80%93+TV+LEGEND+WHO+LAUNCHED+%27TONIGHT+SHOW%27+DIES+AT+78&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F2000%2F11%2F01%2Fso-long-steverino-tv-legend-who-launched-tonight-show-dies-at-78%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Severo2000" class="citation news cs1">Richard Severo (November 1, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/01/arts/steve-allen-comedian-who-pioneered-late-night-tv-talk-shows-is-dead-at-78.html">"Steve Allen, Comedian Who Pioneered Late-Night TV Talk Shows, Is Dead at 78"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516204810/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/01/arts/steve-allen-comedian-who-pioneered-late-night-tv-talk-shows-is-dead-at-78.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Steve+Allen%2C+Comedian+Who+Pioneered+Late-Night+TV+Talk+Shows%2C+Is+Dead+at+78&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.au=Richard+Severo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F11%2F01%2Farts%2Fsteve-allen-comedian-who-pioneered-late-night-tv-talk-shows-is-dead-at-78.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-MessagePrinci1979-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MessagePrinci1979_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MessagePrinci1979_89-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MessagePrinci1979_89-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MessagePrinci1979_89-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MessagePrinci1979_89-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MessagePrinci1979_89-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPrinci1979" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Princi" title="Carl Princi">Princi, Carl</a> (January–February 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://steampoweredradio.com/pdf/KFAC%20listeners%20guild%20magazines/kfac%20listeners%20guild%20magazine%20jan_feb%201979%2040th%20anniversary%20edition.pdf">"Message from the Office of Community Involvement"</a> (PDF). The KFAC Listeners Guild Magazine. pp. 4, 8, 56. Retrieved January 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+KFAC+Listeners+Guild+Magazine&rft.atitle=Message+from+the+Office+of+Community+Involvement&rft.pages=4%2C+8%2C+56&rft.date=1979-01%2F1979-02&rft.aulast=Princi&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsteampoweredradio.com%2Fpdf%2FKFAC%2520listeners%2520guild%2520magazines%2Fkfac%2520listeners%2520guild%2520magazine%2520jan_feb%25201979%252040th%2520anniversary%2520edition.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/40s/1944/Billboard-1944-07-15.pdf">"It'll Be a Different KFAC; Everything New"</a> (PDF). The Billboard. July 15, 1944. p. 7. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1032337295">1032337295</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054715/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/40s/1944/Billboard-1944-07-15.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Billboard&rft.atitle=It%27ll+Be+a+Different+KFAC%3B+Everything+New&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1944-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F40s%2F1944%2FBillboard-1944-07-15.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KFACFondly-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KFACFondly_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KFACFondly_91-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSimanaitis2015" class="citation web cs1">Simanaitis, John (September 9, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://simanaitissays.com/2015/09/09/kfac-remembered-fondly-2/">"KFAC, REMEMBERED FONDLY"</a>. 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Retrieved January 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Simanaitis+Says&rft.atitle=KFAC%2C+REMEMBERED+FONDLY&rft.date=2015-09-09&rft.aulast=Simanaitis&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsimanaitissays.com%2F2015%2F09%2F09%2Fkfac-remembered-fondly-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CordTastes-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CordTastes_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CordTastes_92-1">b</a> <a href="#ELCordBook">Borgeson</a>, pp. 113. </li> <li id="cite_note-dismay-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dismay_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dismay_93-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dismay_93-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dismay_93-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dismay_93-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dismay_93-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dismay_93-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dismay_93-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dismay_93-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dismay_93-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dismay_93-10">k</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcDougal1987" class="citation news cs1">McDougal, Dennis (January 15, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79562249/dismay-in-the-voices-dismissed-from-kfac/">"Dismay in the Voices Dismissed from KFAC"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. pp. VI1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79562295/dismay-in-the-voices-dismissed-from/">VI8</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79562332/dismay-in-the-voices-dismissed-from/">VI10</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210614203048/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79562249/dismay-in-the-voices-dismissed-from-kfac/">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Dismay+in+the+Voices+Dismissed+from+KFAC&rft.pages=VI1%2C+VI8%2C+VI10&rft.date=1987-01-15&rft.aulast=McDougal&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F79562249%2Fdismay-in-the-voices-dismissed-from-kfac%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28TonLibrary-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-28TonLibrary_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-28TonLibrary_94-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1952/BC-1952-12-29.pdf">"KFAC MOVES WEST* - Advertisement"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. December 29, 1952. p. 35. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1285697256">1285697256</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055014/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1952/BC-1952-12-29.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. 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Boston.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200112005435/http://archive.boston.com/bostonglobe/obituaries/articles/2008/08/24/fred_crane_radio_announcer_actor_at_90/">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston.com&rft.atitle=Fred+Crane%2C+radio+announcer%2C+actor%2C+at+90&rft.date=2008-08-24&rft.aulast=McLellan&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.boston.com%2Fbostonglobe%2Fobituaries%2Farticles%2F2008%2F08%2F24%2Ffred_crane_radio_announcer_actor_at_90%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarter1945" class="citation news cs1">Carter, Peggy (June 17, 1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/45/Radio-Life-1945-06-17.pdf">"He'd Rather Be On Time Than President"</a> (PDF). Radio Life. pp. 30–31. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054715/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/45/Radio-Life-1945-06-17.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. 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Los Angeles, California. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200112213929/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-apr-01-la-me-tom-dixon1-2010apr01-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Tom+Dixon+dies+at+94%3B+L.A.+radio%27s+voice+of+classical+music+for+over+50+years&rft.date=2010-04-01&rft.aulast=McLellan&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2010-apr-01-la-me-tom-dixon1-2010apr01-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTepper1960" class="citation news cs1">Tepper, Ron (December 4, 1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79544228/music-the-long-and-short-of-it/">"Music: the Long and Short of It"</a>. Los Angeles Times Calendar. 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Retrieved January 12, 2020 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=air-casters&rft.pages=74&rft.date=1951-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1951%2FBC-1951-12-10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBundy1951" class="citation magazine cs1">Bundy, June (December 22, 1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/50s/1951/Billboard%201951-12-22.pdf">"Vox Jox"</a> (PDF). The Billboard. p. 22. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1040152196">1040152196</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055115/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/50s/1951/Billboard%201951-12-22.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Billboard&rft.atitle=Vox+Jox&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1951-12-22&rft.aulast=Bundy&rft.aufirst=June&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F50s%2F1951%2FBillboard%25201951-12-22.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC-YB/1950/RADIO%20&%20TV%20ALL%20YB%201950%20B&W-11.pdf">Broadcasting Yearbook 1950</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_%26_Cable" title="Broadcasting & Cable">Broadcasting</a>. 1950. p. 83. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055022/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC-YB/1950/RADIO%20&%20TV%20ALL%20YB%201950%20B&W-11.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved November 7, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Broadcasting+Yearbook+1950&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Broadcasting&rft.date=1950&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC-YB%2F1950%2FRADIO%2520%26%2520TV%2520ALL%2520YB%25201950%2520B%26W-11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hc2-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hc2_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hc2_116-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdbs.recnet.com/corres/?doc=71527">"History Cards for KRRL"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+Cards+for+KRRL&rft.pub=Federal+Communications+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdbs.recnet.com%2Fcorres%2F%3Fdoc%3D71527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Radio_Stations/History_Cards" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Radio Stations/History Cards">Guide to reading History Cards</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-GasCoHollywoodBowlAd-117">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GasCoHollywoodBowlAd_117-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GasCoHollywoodBowlAd_117-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42092480/tonight_hear_your_gas_companys/">"Tonight: Hear Your Gas Company's Evening Concert Direct from Hollywood Bowl - Advertisement"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. July 15, 1954. p. 28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200111211217/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42092480/tonight_hear_your_gas_companys/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Tonight%3A+Hear+Your+Gas+Company%27s+Evening+Concert+Direct+from+Hollywood+Bowl+-+Advertisement&rft.pages=28&rft.date=1954-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42092480%2Ftonight_hear_your_gas_companys%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMooreMoore1953" class="citation news cs1">Moore, Frank; Moore, Bill (October 16, 1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42092613/with_a_grain_of_salt/">"With a Grain Of Salt"</a>. Redlands Daily Facts. Redlands, California. p. 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200111211214/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42092613/with_a_grain_of_salt/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Redlands+Daily+Facts&rft.atitle=With+a+Grain+Of+Salt&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1953-10-16&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.au=Moore%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42092613%2Fwith_a_grain_of_salt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42093233/">"KFAC Will Move, Increase Coverage"</a>. Los Angeles Times. July 13, 1954. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055015/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42093233/kfac-will-move-increase-coverage/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=KFAC+Will+Move%2C+Increase+Coverage&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1954-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42093233%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160706202824/http://www.w9wi.com/articles/superfm.html">"Superpower FMs"</a>. www.w9wi.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w9wi.com/articles/superfm.html">the original</a> on July 6, 2016. Retrieved January 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.w9wi.com&rft.atitle=Superpower+FMs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w9wi.com%2Farticles%2Fsuperfm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1952/BC-1952-12-29.pdf">"KFAC STUDIOS: Smith Announces Move"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. December 29, 1952. p. 30. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1285687046">1285687046</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055014/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1952/BC-1952-12-29.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=KFAC+STUDIOS%3A+Smith+Announces+Move&rft.pages=30&rft.date=1952-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1952%2FBC-1952-12-29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sagaftra.org/historic-miracle-mile-building-dedicated-sag-aftra-plaza">"Historic Miracle Mile Building Dedicated as SAG-AFTRA Plaza"</a>. SAG-AFTRA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200111044754/https://www.sagaftra.org/historic-miracle-mile-building-dedicated-sag-aftra-plaza">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SAG-AFTRA&rft.atitle=Historic+Miracle+Mile+Building+Dedicated+as+SAG-AFTRA+Plaza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sagaftra.org%2Fhistoric-miracle-mile-building-dedicated-sag-aftra-plaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1953/BC-1953-05-04.pdf">"KFAC in New Studios; No Loss of Air Time"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. May 4, 1953. p. 78. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1285695747">1285695747</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055017/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1953/BC-1953-05-04.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=KFAC+in+New+Studios%3B+No+Loss+of+Air+Time&rft.pages=78&rft.date=1953-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1953%2FBC-1953-05-04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1957/1957-03-18-BC.pdf">"Church, Refused KFAC Time, Takes Protest to Commission"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. March 18, 1957. p. 7. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1401221012">1401221012</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055019/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1957/1957-03-18-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=Church%2C+Refused+KFAC+Time%2C+Takes+Protest+to+Commission&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1957-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1957%2F1957-03-18-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kpol-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kpol_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kpol_125-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42092142/">"Broadcasts Set for First Methodist"</a>. Los Angeles Times. May 25, 1957. p. 15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055027/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42092142/broadcasts-set-for-first-methodist/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Broadcasts+Set+for+First+Methodist&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1957-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42092142%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42091844/">"First Methodist Church: Advertisement"</a>. Los Angeles Times. May 23, 1942. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055019/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42091844/first-methodist-church-services-on-kfac/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=First+Methodist+Church%3A+Advertisement&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1942-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42091844%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShannon1957" class="citation news cs1">Shannon, Don (March 19, 1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42091336/">"L.A. Church Asks FCC to Keep Services on Air"</a>. Los Angeles Times. p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055120/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42091336/la-church-asks-fcc-to-keep-services/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=L.A.+Church+Asks+FCC+to+Keep+Services+on+Air&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1957-03-19&rft.aulast=Shannon&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42091336%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1957/1957-05-20-BC.pdf">"Church Complaint Denied"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. May 20, 1957. p. 68. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1401223543">1401223543</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055029/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1957/1957-05-20-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=Church+Complaint+Denied&rft.pages=68&rft.date=1957-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1957%2F1957-05-20-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1962/1962-08-20-BC.pdf">"KFAC-AM-FM bought by Miller group"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. August 20, 1962. p. 66. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1014458198">1014458198</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055026/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1962/1962-08-20-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2019 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=KFAC-AM-FM+bought+by+Miller+group&rft.pages=66&rft.date=1962-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1962%2F1962-08-20-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KFACcrossroads-130">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KFACcrossroads_130-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KFACcrossroads_130-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRockwell1972" class="citation news cs1">Rockwell, John (September 2, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47156055/kfac-and-listeners-at-the-crossroads/">"KFAC and Listeners at the Crossroads"</a>. Los Angeles Times Calendar. Los Angeles, California. pp. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47156121/kfac-and-listeners-at-the-crossroads/">56</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47156895/kfac-and-listeners-at-the-crossroads/">59</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200323011935/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47156055/kfac-and-listeners-at-the-crossroads/">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times+Calendar&rft.atitle=KFAC+and+Listeners+at+the+Crossroads&rft.pages=1%2C+56%2C+59&rft.date=1972-09-02&rft.aulast=Rockwell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F47156055%2Fkfac-and-listeners-at-the-crossroads%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KFACStereo1964-131">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KFACStereo1964_131-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KFACStereo1964_131-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTiegel1964" class="citation magazine cs1">Tiegel, Eliot (January 4, 1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/60s/1964/Billboard%201964-01-04.pdf">"Loyalty, Dedication, Music Give Classics Strong Pulse"</a> (PDF). Billboard. p. 25. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1286275484">1286275484</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055027/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/60s/1964/Billboard%201964-01-04.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Loyalty%2C+Dedication%2C+Music+Give+Classics+Strong+Pulse&rft.pages=25&rft.date=1964-01-04&rft.aulast=Tiegel&rft.aufirst=Eliot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F60s%2F1964%2FBillboard%25201964-01-04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/60s/1965/Billboard%201965-01-30.pdf">"Classical Station Attracts Music Shops as Sponsors"</a> (PDF). Billboard. January 30, 1965. p. 44. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1286275484">1286275484</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055038/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/60s/1965/Billboard%201965-01-30.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Classical+Station+Attracts+Music+Shops+as+Sponsors&rft.pages=44&rft.date=1965-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F60s%2F1965%2FBillboard%25201965-01-30.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KFACSpecialReport1971-133">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KFACSpecialReport1971_133-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KFACSpecialReport1971_133-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSippel1971" class="citation magazine cs1">Sippel, John (June 12, 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1971/Billboard%201971-06-12.pdf">"Classical Outlet Woos Listeners"</a> (PDF). Billboard. pp. 30, 42. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1049650111">1049650111</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055038/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/70s/1971/Billboard%201971-06-12.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Classical+Outlet+Woos+Listeners&rft.pages=30%2C+42&rft.date=1971-06-12&rft.aulast=Sippel&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F70s%2F1971%2FBillboard%25201971-06-12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFolkart1990" class="citation news cs1">Folkart, Burt A. (May 20, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42261491/martin_workman_music_center_radio_host/">"Martin Workman; Music Center Radio Host"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200114055737/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42261491/martin_workman_music_center_radio_host/">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Martin+Workman%3B+Music+Center+Radio+Host&rft.date=1990-05-20&rft.aulast=Folkart&rft.aufirst=Burt+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42261491%2Fmartin_workman_music_center_radio_host%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-plain-dealer-ray-t-miller-sr-is-de/149301209/">"Ray T. Miller Sr. Is Dead at 73"</a>. The Plain Dealer. July 14, 1966. pp. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-plain-dealer-ray-t-miller-sr-is-de/149301259/">8</a>. Retrieved June 13, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Plain+Dealer&rft.atitle=Ray+T.+Miller+Sr.+Is+Dead+at+73&rft.pages=1%2C+8&rft.date=1966-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-plain-dealer-ray-t-miller-sr-is-de%2F149301209%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1968/1968-04-15-BC.pdf">"$1-million FM sale sets new high"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. April 15, 1968. pp. 46–47. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1014513553">1014513553</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055037/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1968/1968-04-15-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2020 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=%241-million+FM+sale+sets+new+high&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E46-%3C%2Fspan%3E47&rft.date=1968-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1968%2F1968-04-15-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1968/1968-05-27-BC.pdf">"Closed Circuit: Group transfer"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. May 27, 1968. p. 5. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1014519700">1014519700</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235124/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1968/1968-05-27-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved December 18, 2019 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=Closed+Circuit%3A+Group+transfer&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1968-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1968%2F1968-05-27-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-500Listeners-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-500Listeners_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-500Listeners_138-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerlee1969" class="citation news cs1">Perlee, Charles D. (February 9, 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42004086/500_area_listeners_back_kfac/">"500 Area Listeners Back KFAC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_San_Bernardino_County_Sun" class="mw-redirect" title="The San Bernardino County Sun">The San Bernardino County Sun</a>. p. C-10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235137/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42004086/500-area-listeners-back-kfac/">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+San+Bernardino+County+Sun&rft.atitle=500+Area+Listeners+Back+KFAC&rft.pages=C-10&rft.date=1969-02-09&rft.aulast=Perlee&rft.aufirst=Charles+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42004086%2F500_area_listeners_back_kfac%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42004122/">"An Urgent Message to the Friends of KFAC: Advertisement"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. January 19, 1969. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235127/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42004122/an-urgent-message-to-the-friends-of-kfac/">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=An+Urgent+Message+to+the+Friends+of+KFAC%3A+Advertisement&rft.date=1969-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42004122%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1969/1969-01-27-BC.pdf">"Public at odds with one-to-customer: KFAC ad campaign prompts 3,000 letters for common ownership in stations' sale"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. January 27, 1969. p. 30. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1014512506">1014512506</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235125/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1969/1969-01-27-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved December 18, 2019 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=Public+at+odds+with+one-to-customer%3A+KFAC+ad+campaign+prompts+3%2C000+letters+for+common+ownership+in+stations%27+sale&rft.pages=30&rft.date=1969-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1969%2F1969-01-27-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1969/1969-11-03-BC.pdf">"Station-sale block hot at FCC: WDBJ spin-offs, WERE-AM-FM, WALA-TV are among 14 transactions approved by commission"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. November 3, 1969. pp. 42, 44. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1014524884">1014524884</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235126/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1969/1969-11-03-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved December 18, 2019 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=Station-sale+block+hot+at+FCC%3A+WDBJ+spin-offs%2C+WERE-AM-FM%2C+WALA-TV+are+among+14+transactions+approved+by+commission&rft.pages=42%2C+44&rft.date=1969-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1969%2F1969-11-03-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1969/1969-09-15-BC.pdf">"ASI adds a Calif. UHF, awaits OK of radio buy"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. September 15, 1969. p. 82. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1014524021">1014524021</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235126/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1969/1969-09-15-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved December 18, 2019 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=ASI+adds+a+Calif.+UHF%2C+awaits+OK+of+radio+buy&rft.pages=82&rft.date=1969-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1969%2F1969-09-15-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1968/1968-12-02-BC.pdf">"Action in the trading market: $13-million worth of properties sold; biggest is Tucson AM-TV to 'Detroit News'"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. December 2, 1968. p. 40. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1014511338">1014511338</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235136/https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1968/1968-12-02-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved December 18, 2019 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=Action+in+the+trading+market%3A+%2413-million+worth+of+properties+sold%3B+biggest+is+Tucson+AM-TV+to+%27Detroit+News%27&rft.pages=40&rft.date=1968-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1968%2F1968-12-02-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdbs.recnet.com/corres/?doc=62747">"History Cards for WLEC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+Cards+for+WLEC&rft.pub=Federal+Communications+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdbs.recnet.com%2Fcorres%2F%3Fdoc%3D62747&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Radio_Stations/History_Cards" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Radio Stations/History Cards">Guide to reading History Cards</a>)</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1969/1969-11-10-BC.pdf">"For the Record: Ownership Transfers, Final Actions"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. November 10, 1969. p. 96. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1014536900">1014536900</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235126/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1969/1969-11-10-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved December 18, 2019 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=For+the+Record%3A+Ownership+Transfers%2C+Final+Actions&rft.pages=96&rft.date=1969-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1969%2F1969-11-10-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WERETaxBreak-145"><a href="#cite_ref-WERETaxBreak_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1970/1970-12-14-BC.pdf">"A tax break on WERE-FM sale"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. December 14, 1970. p. 71. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1016861972">1016861972</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235127/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1970/1970-12-14-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved December 18, 2019 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=A+tax+break+on+WERE-FM+sale&rft.pages=71&rft.date=1970-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1970%2F1970-12-14-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1970/1970-05-11-BC.pdf">"WERE-FM being spun off to General Cinema arm"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. May 11, 1970. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1014521056">1014521056</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235127/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1970/1970-05-11-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved December 18, 2019 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=WERE-FM+being+spun+off+to+General+Cinema+arm&rft.date=1970-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1970%2F1970-05-11-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1970/1970-07-20-BC.pdf">"For the Record: Ownership Changes"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. July 20, 1970. p. 72. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1016856234">1016856234</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235128/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1970/1970-07-20-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved December 17, 2019 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=For+the+Record%3A+Ownership+Changes&rft.pages=72&rft.date=1970-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1970%2F1970-07-20-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/70s/1970/Billboard%201970-02-14.pdf">"KFAC Sheds 'Semi' For 'Pure' Sound"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 82, no. 7. February 14, 1970. p. 34. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1040642463">1040642463</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307123230/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/70s/1970/Billboard%201970-02-14.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on March 7, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2021 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=KFAC+Sheds+%27Semi%27+For+%27Pure%27+Sound&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=34&rft.date=1970-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-All-Music%2FBillboard%2F70s%2F1970%2FBillboard%25201970-02-14.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHall1972" class="citation magazine cs1">Hall, Claude (July 7, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/70s/1972/BB-1972-07-01.pdf">"Bruce Johnson: Classical Fans Hurt Format"</a> (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 84, no. 27. pp. 1, 16. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1040677857">1040677857</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210628130007/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/70s/1972/BB-1972-07-01.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 28, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2021 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Bruce+Johnson%3A+Classical+Fans+Hurt+Format&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=27&rft.pages=1%2C+16&rft.date=1972-07-07&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Claude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-All-Music%2FBillboard%2F70s%2F1972%2FBB-1972-07-01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTiegel1971" class="citation magazine cs1">Tiegel, Eliot (January 16, 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1971/Billboard%201971-01-16.pdf">"KFAC Acts to Boost Classical"</a> (PDF). Billboard. pp. 1, 13. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1040554253">1040554253</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235129/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/70s/1971/Billboard%201971-01-16.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved January 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=KFAC+Acts+to+Boost+Classical&rft.pages=1%2C+13&rft.date=1971-01-16&rft.aulast=Tiegel&rft.aufirst=Eliot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F70s%2F1971%2FBillboard%25201971-01-16.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1971/1971-06-21-BC.pdf">"Special Report: Radio '71"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. June 21, 1971. p. 72. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1285745558">1285745558</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235128/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1971/1971-06-21-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved January 12, 2020 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=Special+Report%3A+Radio+%2771&rft.pages=72&rft.date=1971-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1971%2F1971-06-21-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80822452/kfac-changes-format/">"KFAC Changes Format"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Sun-Telegram" class="mw-redirect" title="San Bernardino Sun-Telegram">San Bernardino Sun-Telegram</a>. January 15, 1972. p. B-10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185159/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80822452/kfac-changes-format/">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Bernardino+Sun-Telegram&rft.atitle=KFAC+Changes+Format&rft.pages=B-10&rft.date=1972-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F80822452%2Fkfac-changes-format%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPage1972" class="citation news cs1">Page, Don (January 23, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80821723/sounds-of-growing-pains-at-kfac/">"Sound of Growing Pains at KFAC"</a>. Los Angeles Times Calendar. Los Angeles, California. p. 58. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185227/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80821723/sounds-of-growing-pains-at-kfac/">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2021. 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Los Angeles, California. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200112063514/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-07-22-ca-3428-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=THE+ROOTS+OF+KFAC&rft.date=1989-07-22&rft.aulast=Paik&rft.aufirst=Felicia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1989-07-22-ca-3428-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1972/BB-1972-01-29.pdf">"KFAC AM-FM Change"</a> (PDF). Billboard. January 29, 1972. pp. 24, 28. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1286364308">1286364308</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235130/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/70s/1972/BB-1972-01-29.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved January 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=KFAC+AM-FM+Change&rft.pages=24%2C+28&rft.date=1972-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F70s%2F1972%2FBB-1972-01-29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeigel1972" class="citation news cs1">Beigel, Jerry (November 16, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42039229/">"An Uneasy Truce at KFAC"</a>. Los Angeles Times. p. 34. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235132/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42039229/an-uneasy-truce-at-kfac/">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2022. 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Los Angeles Times. pp. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013288/kfac/">8</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013320/kfac/">9</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235305/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013244/kfac-to-face-the-musicbut-it-may-not/">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2022. 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Retrieved January 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=KFAC-AM+and+FM+Sold+to+Heifetz+Kin+for+%2433.5+Million&rft.date=1986-12-18&rft.aulast=McDougal&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1986-12-18-ca-3997-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RnRKFACFirings-174">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RnRKFACFirings_174-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RnRKFACFirings_174-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RnRKFACFirings_174-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-RandR/1980s/1987/RR-1987-01-09.pdf">"R&R Street Talk"</a> (PDF). Radio & Records. 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Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. pp. VI1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79565274/new-kfac-sparks-many-fond-memories-of/">VI8</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210616043137/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79565243/new-kfac-sparks-many-fond-memories-of/">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2021. 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Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. pp. V10–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42325272/kfac_station_sought_by_classical/">V11</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200115061601/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42325261/kfac_refugees_look_for_a_new_place_to/">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2020. 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Los Angeles, California. p. IV-18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210614204400/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79565803/classical-station-kfac-am-for-sale/">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2021. 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Los Angeles Times. pp. 2, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42003274/radio_show/">5</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055506/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42003246/the-sun-threatens-to-set-on-british/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. 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Los Angeles Times. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055452/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42038359/waltz-ends-at-kfac-as-new-crew-gears-up/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. 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Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. pp. V1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013475/kfac_station_to_parcel_out_classical/">V4</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013491/kfac/">V5</a>. 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September 20, 1989. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200110231511/https://formatchange.com/kfac-becomes-the-beat/">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Format+Change+Archive&rft.atitle=KFAC+Signs-Off&rft.date=1989-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fformatchange.com%2Fkfac-becomes-the-beat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013207/first_off/">"First Off..."</a> Los Angeles Times. July 19, 1989. p. 2. 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Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. pp. 8, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42320406/kkbt/">80</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42320430/kkbt_contd/">81</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200115040018/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42320463/music_to_someones_ears/">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2020. 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Los Angeles Times. p. D6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235240/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42014968/three-teams-switch-up-radio/">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2022. 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Los Angeles Times. pp. 30, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42015144/">31</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055404/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42015073/its-all-about-the-audience/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=It%27s+All+About+the+Audience&rft.pages=30%2C+31&rft.date=2000-03-02&rft.aulast=Calvo&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42015073%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KWKW_1950_move-202"><a href="#cite_ref-KWKW_1950_move_202-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1950/BC-1950-01-23.pdf">"Non-Docket Actions"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting-Telecasting. Vol. 38, no. 4. January 23, 1950. p. 84. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1401178062">1401178062</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308041043/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1950/BC-1950-01-23.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2021 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting-Telecasting&rft.atitle=Non-Docket+Actions&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=84&rft.date=1950-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1950%2FBC-1950-01-23.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1949/1949-10-03-BC.pdf">"New Applications"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting-Telecasting. Vol. 37, no. 14. October 3, 1949. p. 80. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1014905730">1014905730</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308041357/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1949/1949-10-03-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2021 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting-Telecasting&rft.atitle=New+Applications&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=80&rft.date=1949-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1949%2F1949-10-03-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lotus_1962_KWKW-203"><a href="#cite_ref-Lotus_1962_KWKW_203-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1962/1962-04-23-BC.pdf">"Changing Hands: Approved"</a> (PDF). Broadcasting. April 23, 1962. p. 68. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1014454470">1014454470</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055403/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1962/1962-04-23-BC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=Changing+Hands%3A+Approved&rft.pages=68&rft.date=1962-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1962%2F1962-04-23-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRourke2008" class="citation news cs1">Rourke, Mary (May 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/05/05/BANL10GRDU.DTL">"Brian Clewer - longtime host of British radio show in L.A."</a> Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055438/https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Brian-Clewer-longtime-host-of-British-radio-3285070.php">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2008. <q>Brian Clewer, a London-born radio personality who was host of "Cynic's Choice," a program of British comedy and music that aired in Los Angeles for more than 40 years, has died. He was 79.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Brian+Clewer+-+longtime+host+of+British+radio+show+in+L.A.&rft.date=2008-05-05&rft.aulast=Rourke&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F05%2F05%2FBANL10GRDU.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMednick1989" class="citation news cs1">Mednick, Harvey (June 4, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42014605/">"Dial shakes, rattles 'n' rolls with format changes"</a>. Los Angeles Times. p. 17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055403/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42014605/dial-shakes-rattles-n-rolls-with/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Dial+shakes%2C+rattles+%27n%27+rolls+with+format+changes&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1989-06-04&rft.aulast=Mednick&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42014605%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWagner1989" class="citation news cs1">Wagner, Shelley (June 4, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42014677/">"Local radio stations cover all the bases of athletic arena"</a>. Los Angeles Times. p. 17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055404/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42014677/local-radio-tations-cover-all-the-bases/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Local+radio+stations+cover+all+the+bases+of+athletic+arena&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1989-06-04&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Shelley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42014677%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPlaschke2018" class="citation news cs1">Plaschke, Bill (March 25, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79736793/jarrin-no-se-va-anywhere-just-yet/">"Jarrin no se va anywhere just yet"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. pp. D1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79736858/jarrin-no-se-va-anywhere-just-yet-p2/">D3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201725/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79736793/jarrin-no-se-va-anywhere-just-yet/">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Jarrin+no+se+va+anywhere+just+yet&rft.pages=D1%2C+D3&rft.date=2018-03-25&rft.aulast=Plaschke&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F79736793%2Fjarrin-no-se-va-anywhere-just-yet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShuster1992" class="citation news cs1">Shuster, Fred (February 17, 1992). "Radio News & Notes: Spanish stations grasp a big share of the mercado". Los Angeles Daily News. p. L26 – via NewsBank.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Radio+News+%26+Notes%3A+Spanish+stations+grasp+a+big+share+of+the+mercado&rft.pages=L26&rft.date=1992-02-17&rft.aulast=Shuster&rft.aufirst=Fred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArroyo1994" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Arroyo, Blanca (January 13, 1994). "Causa protestas el cambio de formato de KWKW: Los planes del nuevo director de programacion estan dirigidos a lograr lo que el llama una estacion 'decente y familiar', y por eso los cambios" [KWKW format change causes protests: The plans of the new program director are aimed at making it what he calls a 'decent and family' station, thus the station]. La Opinión (in Spanish). p. 1F. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/368125891">368125891</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Opini%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Causa+protestas+el+cambio+de+formato+de+KWKW%3A+Los+planes+del+nuevo+director+de+programacion+estan+dirigidos+a+lograr+lo+que+el+llama+una+estacion+%27decente+y+familiar%27%2C+y+por+eso+los+cambios&rft.pages=1F&rft.date=1994-01-13&rft.aulast=Arroyo&rft.aufirst=Blanca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-corridos-210">^ <a href="#cite_ref-corridos_210-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-corridos_210-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaxter1997" class="citation news cs1">Baxter, Kevin (August 21, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42015207/">"Conversation, Not Corridos"</a>. Los Angeles Times. p. 28R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055403/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42015207/conversation-not-corridos/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Conversation%2C+Not+Corridos&rft.pages=28R&rft.date=1997-08-21&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42015207%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KWKW_Lakers-211"><a href="#cite_ref-KWKW_Lakers_211-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaxter" class="citation news cs1">Baxter, Kevin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/sports/la-xpm-2011-feb-15-la-sp-nba-lakers-latino-20110216-story.html">"For Latino basketball fans, 'Lakers' is a magic word in any language"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191226210143/https://www.latimes.com/sports/la-xpm-2011-feb-15-la-sp-nba-lakers-latino-20110216-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved January 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=For+Latino+basketball+fans%2C+%27Lakers%27+is+a+magic+word+in+any+language&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fsports%2Fla-xpm-2011-feb-15-la-sp-nba-lakers-latino-20110216-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-RandR/1990s/1999/RR-1999-12-17.pdf">"Radio & Records: Transactions"</a> (PDF). December 17, 1999. p. 8. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1017337735">1017337735</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055403/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-RandR/1990s/1999/RR-1999-12-17.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. 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Broadcast Engineering Radio. pp. 34, 42. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/212428472">212428472</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055403/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Broadcast-Engineering/BE-RADIO/00s/be-radio-2002-08.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcast+Engineering+Radio&rft.atitle=The+Tower+and+the+Almost+Inferno&rft.pages=34%2C+42&rft.date=2002-08&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Broadcast-Engineering%2FBE-RADIO%2F00s%2Fbe-radio-2002-08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEl_Reda2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">El Reda, Jad (May 9, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hoylosangeles.com/deportes/futbol/hoyla-html-el-narrador-oficial-del-lafc-armando-aguayo-recuerda-su-camino-al-nuevo-equipo-angelino-20180509-htmlstory.html">"Armando Aguayo recuerda su camino antes de llegar a ser la voz oficial del LAFC"</a> [Armando Aguayo recalls his road to becoming the official voice of LAFC]. Hoy Los Ángeles (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210711043301/https://www.hoylosangeles.com/deportes/futbol/hoyla-html-el-narrador-oficial-del-lafc-armando-aguayo-recuerda-su-camino-al-nuevo-equipo-angelino-20180509-htmlstory.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 11, 2021. 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New York Daily News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200111024715/https://www.dailynews.com/2005/10/07/zelaskos-baseball-instincts-kick-in/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2020. 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Retrieved July 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Lakers&rft.atitle=Lakers+Broadcast+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nba.com%2Flakers%2Fbroadcasters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.24-horas.mx/2019/02/01/ricardo-lopez-y-troy-santiago-la-cara-de-rams-en-espanol-para-el-super-bowl-liii/">"Ricardo López y Troy Santiago, la cara de Rams en español para el Super Bowl LIII"</a> [Ricardo López and Troy Santiago, the face of the Rams in Spanish for Super Bowl LIII]. 24 Horas (in Mexican Spanish). February 1, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210711041948/https://www.24-horas.mx/2019/02/01/ricardo-lopez-y-troy-santiago-la-cara-de-rams-en-espanol-para-el-super-bowl-liii/">Archived</a> from the original on July 11, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=24+Horas&rft.atitle=Ricardo+L%C3%B3pez+y+Troy+Santiago%2C+la+cara+de+Rams+en+espa%C3%B1ol+para+el+Super+Bowl+LIII&rft.date=2019-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.24-horas.mx%2F2019%2F02%2F01%2Fricardo-lopez-y-troy-santiago-la-cara-de-rams-en-espanol-para-el-super-bowl-liii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/angels/team/broadcasters">"Angels Broadcasters"</a>. MLB.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180605054814/http://losangeles.angels.mlb.com/team/broadcasters.jsp?c_id=ana">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2018. Retrieved July 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=Angels+Broadcasters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fangels%2Fteam%2Fbroadcasters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nba.com/clippers/clippers-broadcasters-spanish-radio">"Clippers Broadcasters - Spanish Radio"</a>. Los Angeles Clippers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210711041949/https://www.nba.com/clippers/clippers-broadcasters-spanish-radio">Archived</a> from the original on July 11, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Clippers&rft.atitle=Clippers+Broadcasters+-+Spanish+Radio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nba.com%2Fclippers%2Fclippers-broadcasters-spanish-radio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIrwin2018" class="citation news cs1">Irwin, Doug (January 24, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radioworld.com/news-and-business/know-your-fm-translator-basics">"Know Your FM Translator Basics"</a>. Radio World. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200111210634/https://www.radioworld.com/news-and-business/know-your-fm-translator-basics">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+World&rft.atitle=Know+Your+FM+Translator+Basics&rft.date=2018-01-24&rft.aulast=Irwin&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radioworld.com%2Fnews-and-business%2Fknow-your-fm-translator-basics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="ELCordBook" class="citation book cs1">Borgeson, Griffith (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AUiFxwYK6qwC">Errett Lobban: His Empire, His Motor Cars</a>. New Albany, Indiana: Automobile Heritage Publishing & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780971146877" title="Special:BookSources/9780971146877"><bdi>9780971146877</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801032738/https://books.google.com/books?id=AUiFxwYK6qwC">Archived</a> from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Errett+Lobban%3A+His+Empire%2C+His+Motor+Cars&rft.place=New+Albany%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Automobile+Heritage+Publishing+%26+Co&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780971146877&rft.aulast=Borgeson&rft.aufirst=Griffith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAUiFxwYK6qwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=KWKW&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tuligaradio.com/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enterpriseefiling.fcc.gov/dataentry/public/tv/publicFacilityDetails.html?facilityId=38454">Facility details for Facility ID 38454 (KWKW)</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">FCC</a> Licensing and Management System</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.arbitron.com/sip/displaySip.do?surveyID=SU24&band=am&callLetter=KWKW">KWKW</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Audio" title="Nielsen Audio">Nielsen Audio</a>'s AM station database</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:KWKW" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:KWKW">KWKW</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdbs.recnet.com/corres/?doc=37804">"History Cards for KWKW"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+Cards+for+KWKW&rft.pub=Federal+Communications+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdbs.recnet.com%2Fcorres%2F%3Fdoc%3D37804&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKWKW" class="Z3988"> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Radio_Stations/History_Cards" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Radio Stations/History Cards">Guide to reading History Cards</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enterpriseefiling.fcc.gov/dataentry/public/tv/publicFacilityDetails.html?facilityId=141734">Facility details for Facility ID 141734 (K264CQ)</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">FCC</a> Licensing and Management System</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fccdata.org/?facid=&call=K264CQ&ccode=1&city=&state=&country=US&zip=&arn=&party=&lmspf=&lmspl=&party_type=LICEN&latd=&lond=&lang=en">K264CQ</a> at FCCdata.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mediacontactslist.com/dir/california/los-angeles/S1dLVyAxMzMwIEFN/KWKW%201330%20AM">KWKW staff contact information</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Radio_stations_in_the_Los_Angeles,_California,_metropolitan_area1601" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Los_Angeles_Radio" title="Template:Los Angeles Radio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Los_Angeles_Radio" title="Template talk:Los Angeles Radio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Los_Angeles_Radio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Los Angeles Radio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radio_stations_in_the_Los_Angeles,_California,_metropolitan_area1601" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Radio stations in the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">metropolitan area</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM frequency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KLAC" title="KLAC">570</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAVL" title="KAVL">610</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFI" title="KFI">640</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSPN_(AM)" title="KSPN (AM)">710</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBRT" title="KBRT">740</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KABC_(AM)" title="KABC (AM)">790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLAA_(AM)" title="KLAA (AM)">830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRLA" title="KRLA">870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KALI_(AM)" title="KALI (AM)">900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHJ_(AM)" title="KHJ (AM)">930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFWB" title="KFWB">980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTNQ" title="KTNQ">1020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNX_(AM)" title="KNX (AM)">1070</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWVE_(AM)" title="KWVE (AM)">1110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KEIB" title="KEIB">1150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGBN" title="KGBN">1190</a></li> <li>1220 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KHTS_(AM)" title="KHTS (AM)">KHTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTMZ" title="KTMZ">KTMZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KYPA" title="KYPA">1230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKGO_(AM)" title="KKGO (AM)">1260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFRN" class="mw-redirect" title="KFRN">1280</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAZN" title="KAZN">1300</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOSS" title="KOSS">1380</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLTX" title="KLTX">1390</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMRB" title="KMRB">1430</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTYM" title="KTYM">1460</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUTY" title="KUTY">1470</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVNR" title="KVNR">1480</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMPC" title="KMPC">1540</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBLA" title="KBLA">1580</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAHZ" title="KAHZ">1600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCHUNG_Radio" title="KCHUNG Radio">1630</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFOX_(AM)" title="KFOX (AM)">1650</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM frequency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KZNO-LD" title="KZNO-LD">87.7</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKJZ" title="KKJZ">88.1</a></li> <li>88.5 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCSN" title="KCSN">KCSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSBR" title="KSBR">KSBR</a></li></ul></li> <li>88.7 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KISL" title="KISL">KISL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSPC" title="KSPC">KSPC</a></li></ul></li> <li>88.9 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KTLW" title="KTLW">KTLW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUCI" title="KUCI">KUCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXLU" title="KXLU">KXLU</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPCC_(FM)" title="KPCC (FM)">89.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCRW" title="KCRW">89.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSAK" title="KSAK">90.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPFK" title="KPFK">90.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUSC" title="KUSC">91.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRRL" title="KRRL">92.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KYLA" title="KYLA">92.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCBS-FM" title="KCBS-FM">93.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDAY" title="KDAY">93.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLLI_(FM)" title="KLLI (FM)">93.9</a></li> <li>94.3 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KBUA" title="KBUA">KBUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KEBN" title="KEBN">KEBN</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTWV" title="KTWV">94.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLOS" title="KLOS">95.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAIA_(FM)" title="KAIA (FM)">95.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXOL-FM" title="KXOL-FM">96.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWIZ" title="KWIZ">96.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNX-FM" title="KNX-FM">97.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLAX-FM" title="KLAX-FM">97.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRCD_(FM)" title="KRCD (FM)">98.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KYSR" title="KYSR">98.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKLA-FM" title="KKLA-FM">99.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKLQ_(FM)" title="KKLQ (FM)">100.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRTH" title="KRTH">101.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSCA_(FM)" title="KSCA (FM)">101.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KJLH" title="KJLH">102.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIIS-FM" title="KIIS-FM">102.7</a></li> <li>103.1 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KDLD" title="KDLD">KDLD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDLD" title="KDLD">KDLE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOST" title="KOST">103.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRCD_(FM)" title="KRCD (FM)">103.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBIG" title="KBIG">104.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKGO-FM" title="KKGO-FM">105.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBUE" title="KBUE">105.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPWR" title="KPWR">105.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KALI-FM" title="KALI-FM">106.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KROQ-FM" title="KROQ-FM">106.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSSE" title="KSSE">107.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLVE" title="KLVE">107.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWVE-FM" title="KWVE-FM">107.9</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Low-power_broadcasting" title="Low-power broadcasting">LPFM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KGAP-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KGAP-LP (page does not exist)">96.7</a></li> <li>99.1 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KBUU-LP" title="KBUU-LP">KBUU-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLBP-LP" title="KLBP-LP">KLBP-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublab" title="Dublab">KLDB-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KTPC-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KTPC-LP (page does not exist)">KTPC-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KZUT-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KZUT-LP (page does not exist)">KZUT-LP</a></li></ul></li> <li>101.5 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KFQM-LP" class="mw-redirect" title="KFQM-LP">KFQM-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KGFI-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KGFI-LP (page does not exist)">KGFI-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOCI-LP" title="KOCI-LP">KOCI-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOCL-LP" title="KOCL-LP">KOCL-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KQBH-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KQBH-LP (page does not exist)">KQBH-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KQSG-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KQSG-LP (page does not exist)">KQSG-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KZKA-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KZKA-LP (page does not exist)">KZKA-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KZNQ-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KZNQ-LP (page does not exist)">KZNQ-LP</a></li></ul></li> <li>104.7 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KQEV-LP" title="KQEV-LP">KQEV-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KRQL-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KRQL-LP (page does not exist)">KRQL-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KSXA-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KSXA-LP (page does not exist)">KSXA-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXRN-LP" title="KXRN-LP">KXRN-LP</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_relay_station" title="Broadcast relay station">Translator</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K205EP" class="mw-redirect" title="K205EP">88.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K212FA" class="mw-redirect" title="K212FA">90.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252FO" class="mw-redirect" title="K252FO">98.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K256CX" class="mw-redirect" title="K256CX">99.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NOAA_Weather_Radio" title="NOAA Weather Radio">NOAA Weather Radio</a> frequency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WZ2505" class="mw-redirect" title="WZ2505">162.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWG21" class="mw-redirect" title="WWG21">162.45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNG584" class="mw-redirect" title="WNG584">162.525</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWO37" class="mw-redirect" title="KWO37">162.55</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HD_Radio" title="HD Radio">Digital radio</a> by frequency & subchannel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KBRT" title="KBRT">740</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMZT_(AM)" class="mw-redirect" title="KMZT (AM)">1260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKJZ" title="KKJZ">88.1-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKJZ" title="KKJZ">88.1-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKJZ" title="KKJZ">88.1-3</a></li> <li>KCSN <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCSN" title="KCSN">88.5-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCSN" title="KCSN">88.5-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCSN" title="KCSN">88.5-3</a></li></ul></li> <li>KSBR <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KSBR" title="KSBR">88.5-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSBR" title="KSBR">88.5-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSBR" title="KSBR">88.5-3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPCC_(radio_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="KPCC (radio station)">89.3-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPCC_(radio_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="KPCC (radio station)">89.3-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCRW" title="KCRW">89.9-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCRW" title="KCRW">89.9-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUSC" title="KUSC">91.5-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRRL" title="KRRL">92.3-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRRL#HD_Radio" title="KRRL">92.3-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCBS-FM" title="KCBS-FM">93.1-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFRG" title="KFRG">93.1-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCBS-FM" title="KCBS-FM">93.1-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDAY" title="KDAY">93.5-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLLI_(FM)" title="KLLI (FM)">93.9-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLLI_(FM)" title="KLLI (FM)">93.9-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTWV" title="KTWV">94.7-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTWV" title="KTWV">94.7-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLOS" title="KLOS">95.5-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLOS" title="KLOS">95.5-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLOS" title="KLOS">95.5-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNX-FM" title="KNX-FM">97.1-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Q" title="Channel Q">97.1-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNX-FM" title="KNX-FM">97.1-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLAX-FM" title="KLAX-FM">97.9-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLAX-FM" title="KLAX-FM">97.9-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KYSR" title="KYSR">98.7-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLAC_(AM)" class="mw-redirect" title="KLAC (AM)">98.7-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBUU-LP" title="KBUU-LP">99.1-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBUU-LP" title="KBUU-LP">99.1-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBUU-LP" title="KBUU-LP">99.1-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKLQ_(FM)" title="KKLQ (FM)">100.3-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKLQ_(FM)#HD_radio" title="KKLQ (FM)">100.3-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKLQ_(FM)#HD_radio" title="KKLQ (FM)">100.3-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRTH" title="KRTH">101.1-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Q" title="Channel Q">101.1-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSCA_(FM)" title="KSCA (FM)">101.9-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTNQ" title="KTNQ">101.9-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSCA_(FM)" title="KSCA (FM)">101.9-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRCD_(FM)" title="KRCD (FM)">101.9-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KJLH" title="KJLH">102.3-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIIS-FM" title="KIIS-FM">102.7-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOST" title="KOST">103.5-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFI" title="KFI">103.5-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRCD_(FM)" title="KRCD (FM)">103.9-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRCD_(FM)" title="KRCD (FM)">103.9-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTNQ" title="KTNQ">103.9-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBIG" title="KBIG">104.3-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_Radio" title="Pride Radio">104.3-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKGO-FM" title="KKGO-FM">105.1-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKGO-FM" title="KKGO-FM">105.1-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKGO-FM" title="KKGO-FM">105.1-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKGO_(AM)" title="KKGO (AM)">105.1-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPWR" title="KPWR">105.9-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDAY" title="KDAY">105.9-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KALI-FM" title="KALI-FM">106.3-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KYPA" title="KYPA">106.3-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAZN" title="KAZN">106.3-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KROQ-FM" title="KROQ-FM">106.7-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KROQ-FM" title="KROQ-FM">106.7-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLVE" title="KLVE">107.5-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLVE" title="KLVE">107.5-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLVE" title="KLVE">107.5-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLVE" title="KLVE">107.5-4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Call_signs_in_North_America" title="Call signs in North America">call sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K205EP" class="mw-redirect" title="K205EP">K205EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K212FA" class="mw-redirect" title="K212FA">K212FA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252FO" class="mw-redirect" title="K252FO">K252FO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K256CX" class="mw-redirect" title="K256CX">K256CX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KABC_(AM)" title="KABC (AM)">KABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAHZ" title="KAHZ">KAHZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAIA-FM" class="mw-redirect" title="KAIA-FM">KAIA-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KALI_(AM)" title="KALI (AM)">KALI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KALI-FM" title="KALI-FM">KALI-FM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KYPA" title="KYPA">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAZN" title="KAZN">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAVL" title="KAVL">KAVL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAZN" title="KAZN">KAZN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBIG" title="KBIG">KBIG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pride_Radio" title="Pride Radio">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBLA" title="KBLA">KBLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBRT" title="KBRT">KBRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBUA" title="KBUA">KBUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBUE" title="KBUE">KBUE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBUU-LP" title="KBUU-LP">KBUU-LP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KBUU-LP" title="KBUU-LP">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBUU-LP" title="KBUU-LP">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCBS-FM" title="KCBS-FM">KCBS-FM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KFRG" title="KFRG">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Sports_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Sports Radio">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCRW" title="KCRW">KCRW</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCRW" title="KCRW">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCSN" title="KCSN">KCSN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCSN" title="KCSN">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCSN" title="KCSN">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDAY" title="KDAY">KDAY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDLD" title="KDLD">KDLD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDLD" title="KDLD">KDLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KEBN" title="KEBN">KEBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KEIB" title="KEIB">KEIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFI" title="KFI">KFI</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFRN" class="mw-redirect" title="KFRN">KFRN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFQM-LP" class="mw-redirect" title="KFQM-LP">KFQM-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFWB" title="KFWB">KFWB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KGAP-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KGAP-LP (page does not exist)">KGAP-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGBN" title="KGBN">KGBN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KGFI-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KGFI-LP (page does not exist)">KGFI-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHJ_(AM)" title="KHJ (AM)">KHJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHPY" title="KHPY">KHPY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHTS_(AM)" title="KHTS (AM)">KHTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIIS-FM" title="KIIS-FM">KIIS-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KISL" title="KISL">KISL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KJLH" title="KJLH">KJLH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKGO_(AM)" title="KKGO (AM)">KKGO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKGO-FM" title="KKGO-FM">KKGO-FM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KKGO-FM" title="KKGO-FM">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKGO-FM" title="KKGO-FM">HD3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKGO_(AM)" title="KKGO (AM)">HD4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKJZ" title="KKJZ">KKJZ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KKJZ" title="KKJZ">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKJZ" title="KKJZ">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKLA-FM" title="KKLA-FM">KKLA-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKLQ_(FM)" title="KKLQ (FM)">KKLQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KKLQ_(FM)#HD_radio" title="KKLQ (FM)">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKLQ_(FM)#HD_radio" title="KKLQ (FM)">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLAA_(AM)" title="KLAA (AM)">KLAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLAC" title="KLAC">KLAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLAX-FM" title="KLAX-FM">KLAX-FM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KLAX-FM" title="KLAX-FM">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLBP-LP" title="KLBP-LP">KLBP-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublab" title="Dublab">KLDB-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLLI_(FM)" title="KLLI (FM)">KLLI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KLLI_(FM)" title="KLLI (FM)">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLOS" title="KLOS">KLOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KLOS" title="KLOS">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLOS" title="KLOS">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLTX" title="KLTX">KLTX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLVE" title="KLVE">KLVE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KLVE" title="KLVE">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLVE" title="KLVE">HD3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLVE" title="KLVE">HD4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMPC" title="KMPC">KMPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMRB" title="KMRB">KMRB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNX_(AM)" title="KNX (AM)">KNX</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNX-FM" title="KNX-FM">KNX-FM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Q" title="Channel Q">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNX-FM" title="KNX-FM">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOCI-LP" title="KOCI-LP">KOCI-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOCL-LP" title="KOCL-LP">KOCL-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOSS" title="KOSS">KOSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOST" title="KOST">KOST</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KFI" title="KFI">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPCC_(FM)" title="KPCC (FM)">KPCC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KPCC_(FM)" title="KPCC (FM)">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPFK" title="KPFK">KPFK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPWR" title="KPWR">KPWR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KDAY" title="KDAY">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KQBH-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KQBH-LP (page does not exist)">KQBH-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KQEV-LP" title="KQEV-LP">KQEV-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KQSG-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KQSG-LP (page does not exist)">KQSG-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRCD_(FM)" title="KRCD (FM)">KRCD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KRCD_(FM)" title="KRCD (FM)">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTNQ" title="KTNQ">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRCD_(FM)" title="KRCD (FM)">KRCV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRLA" title="KRLA">KRLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KROQ-FM" title="KROQ-FM">KROQ-FM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KROQ-FM" title="KROQ-FM">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KRQL-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KRQL-LP (page does not exist)">KRQL-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRRL" title="KRRL">KRRL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KRRL" title="KRRL">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRTH" title="KRTH">KRTH</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Q" title="Channel Q">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSAK" title="KSAK">KSAK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSBR" title="KSBR">KSBR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KSBR" title="KSBR">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSBR" title="KSBR">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSCA_(FM)" title="KSCA (FM)">KSCA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KTNQ" title="KTNQ">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSCA_(FM)" title="KSCA (FM)">HD3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRCD_(FM)" title="KRCD (FM)">HD4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSPA" title="KSPA">KSPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSPC" title="KSPC">KSPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSPN_(AM)" title="KSPN (AM)">KSPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSSE" title="KSSE">KSSE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KSXA-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KSXA-LP (page does not exist)">KSXA-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTLW" title="KTLW">KTLW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTMZ" title="KTMZ">KTMZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTNQ" title="KTNQ">KTNQ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KTPC-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KTPC-LP (page does not exist)">KTPC-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTWV" title="KTWV">KTWV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KTWV" title="KTWV">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTYM" title="KTYM">KTYM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUCI" title="KUCI">KUCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUSC" title="KUSC">KUSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUTY" title="KUTY">KUTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWIZ" title="KWIZ">KWIZ</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">KWKW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWVE_(AM)" title="KWVE (AM)">KWVE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWVE-FM" title="KWVE-FM">KWVE-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWO37" class="mw-redirect" title="KWO37">KWO37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXLU" title="KXLU">KXLU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXOL-FM" title="KXOL-FM">KXOL-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXRN-LP" title="KXRN-LP">KXRN-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KYLA" title="KYLA">KYLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KYPA" title="KYPA">KYPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KYSR" title="KYSR">KYSR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KLAC_(AM)" class="mw-redirect" title="KLAC (AM)">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KZKA-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KZKA-LP (page does not exist)">KZKA-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KZNO-LD" title="KZNO-LD">KZNO-LD</a>3</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KZNQ-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KZNQ-LP (page does not exist)">KZNQ-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KZUT-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KZUT-LP (page does not exist)">KZUT-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWG21" class="mw-redirect" title="WWG21">WWG21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNG584" class="mw-redirect" title="WNG584">WNG584</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZ2505" class="mw-redirect" title="WZ2505">WZ2505</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCHUNG_Radio" title="KCHUNG Radio">"KCHUNG"</a>2</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Rock_On&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Rock On (page does not exist)">Radio Rock On</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KBPK" title="KBPK">KBPK (90.1 FM)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">KFAC (1330 AM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFI-FM" title="KFI-FM">KFI-FM (105.9 FM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFSG_(Los_Angeles)" title="KFSG (Los Angeles)">KFSG (1150 AM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFXM-LP_(Lancaster,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="KFXM-LP (Lancaster, California)">KFXM-LP (98.3 FM)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KHBG-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KHBG-LP (page does not exist)">KHBG-LP (101.5 FM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMET_(FM)" title="KMET (FM)">KMET (94.7 FM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNAC" class="mw-redirect" title="KNAC">KNAC (105.5 FM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNHS_(California)" title="KNHS (California)">KNHS (89.7 FM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOG_(AM)" title="KOG (AM)">KOG (833 AM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPPC_(AM)" title="KPPC (AM)">KPPC (1240 AM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KQL" title="KQL">KQL (833 AM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KQLZ_(defunct)" class="mw-redirect" title="KQLZ (defunct)">KQLZ (100.3 FM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KROQ_(1500_AM)" title="KROQ (1500 AM)">KROQ (1500 AM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSFV-CD" title="KSFV-CD">KSFV-CA</a>4</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KSXS-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KSXS-LP (page does not exist)">KSXS-LP (107.9 FM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KYJ_(Los_Angeles)" title="KYJ (Los Angeles)">KYJ (833 AM)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt>Radio stations in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:LA_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:LA Radio">Los Angeles</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Lancaster-Palmdale_Radio" title="Template:Lancaster-Palmdale Radio">Lancaster-Palmdale</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Ventura_County_Radio" title="Template:Ventura County Radio">Oxnard-Ventura</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:IE_Radio" title="Template:IE Radio">Riverside-San Bernardino</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div> <dl><dt>Other nearby regions</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Bakersfield_Radio" title="Template:Bakersfield Radio">Bakersfield</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:San_Diego_Radio" title="Template:San Diego Radio">San Diego</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Santa_Barbara_Radio" title="Template:Santa Barbara Radio">Santa Barbara</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Victor_Valley_Radio" title="Template:Victor Valley Radio">Victor Valley/Barstow</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_California" title="List of radio stations in California">List of radio stations in California</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Los_Angeles" title="Category:Mass media in Los Angeles">Mass media in Los Angeles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_stations_in_Los_Angeles" title="Category:Radio stations in Los Angeles">Radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Television_stations_in_Los_Angeles" title="Category:Television stations in Los Angeles">TV stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Newspapers_published_in_Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Category:Newspapers published in Greater Los Angeles">Newspapers</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Notes</dt> <dd>1. <a href="/wiki/Clear-channel_station" title="Clear-channel station">Clear-channel stations</a> with extended nighttime coverage.</dd> <dd>2. Notable <a href="/wiki/Title_47_CFR_Part_15" title="Title 47 CFR Part 15">Part 15</a> station.</dd> <dd>3. <a href="/wiki/Channel_6_radio_stations_in_the_United_States" title="Channel 6 radio stations in the United States">Audio from channel 6 TV station</a></dd> <dd>4. Formerly audio for <a href="/wiki/Television_channel" title="Television channel">TV channel</a> 6 (<a href="/wiki/Religious_broadcasting" title="Religious broadcasting">Religious</a>)</dd></dl></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spanish-language_radio_stations_in_the_state_of_California1263" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Spanish Radio Stations in California"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template talk:Spanish Radio Stations in California"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish Radio Stations in California"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spanish-language_radio_stations_in_the_state_of_California1263" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Spanish-language radio stations in the state of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KAEH" title="KAEH">KAEH – Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAFY" title="KAFY">KAFY – Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KATD" title="KATD">KATD – Pittsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBAA" title="KBAA">KBAA – Grass Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBBF" title="KBBF">KBBF – Santa Rosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBBU" title="KBBU">KBBU – Modesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBHH" title="KBHH">KBHH – Kerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBKY" title="KBKY">KBKY – Merced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBLO" title="KBLO">KBLO – Corcoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBRG" title="KBRG">KBRG – San Jose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBTW" title="KBTW">KBTW – Lenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBUA" title="KBUA">KBUA – San Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBUE" title="KBUE">KBUE – Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBYN" title="KBYN">KBYN – Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCAL_(AM)" title="KCAL (AM)">KCAL – Redlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCCL" title="KCCL">KCCL – Woodland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCFA" title="KCFA">KCFA – Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCHJ_(AM)" title="KCHJ (AM)">KCHJ – Delano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCVR-FM" title="KCVR-FM">KCVR – Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KEBN" title="KEBN">KEBN – Garden Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KEBT" title="KEBT">KEBT – Lost Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KEPD" title="KEPD">KEPD – Ridgecrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KERU-FM" title="KERU-FM">KERU-FM – Blythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KEXA" title="KEXA">KEXA – King City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KEYQ_(AM)" class="mw-redirect" title="KEYQ (AM)">KEYQ – Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KEZY" title="KEZY">KEZY – San Bernardino</a></li> <li>KFFW-LP - Atwater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFSD" title="KFSD">KFSD – Escondido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFSG" title="KFSG">KFSG – Roseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFSO-FM" title="KFSO-FM">KFSO-FM – Visalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGED" title="KGED">KGED - Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGEN_(AM)" title="KGEN (AM)">KGEN – Tulare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGEN-FM" title="KGEN-FM">KGEN-FM – Hanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGRB_(FM)" title="KGRB (FM)">KGRB – Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGST" title="KGST">KGST – Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGZO" class="mw-redirect" title="KGZO">KGZO – Shafter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHCV_(FM)" title="KHCV (FM)">KHCV – Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHDC" title="KHDC">KHDC – Chualar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHHM" title="KHHM">KHHM – Shingle Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHMU" title="KHMU">KHMU – Buttonwillow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHPY" title="KHPY">KHPY – Moreno Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHSQ" title="KHSQ">KHSQ – Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIDI-FM" title="KIDI-FM">KIDI-FM – Lompoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIQI" title="KIQI">KIQI – San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIQQ-FM" title="KIQQ-FM">KIQQ-FM – Newberry Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIQS" title="KIQS">KIQS – Willows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIST-FM" title="KIST-FM">KIST-FM – Carpinteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIWI" title="KIWI">KIWI – Mcfarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KJDJ" title="KJDJ">KJDJ – San Luis Obispo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KJOR" title="KJOR">KJOR – Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLAX-FM" title="KLAX-FM">KLAX-FM – East Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLBN" title="KLBN">KLBN – Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLOC" title="KLOC">KLOC – Turlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLJR-FM" title="KLJR-FM">KLJR-FM – Santa Paula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLLE" title="KLLE">KLLE – North Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLLI_(FM)" title="KLLI (FM)">KLLI – Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLMG" title="KLMG">KLMG – Esparto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLMM" title="KLMM">KLMM – Morro Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLNV" title="KLNV">KLNV – San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLOB" title="KLOB">KLOB – Thousand Palms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLOK-FM" title="KLOK-FM">KLOK-FM – Greenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLOQ-FM" title="KLOQ-FM">KLOQ-FM – Winton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLQV" title="KLQV">KLQV – San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLTX" title="KLTX">KLTX – Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLUN" title="KLUN">KLUN – Paso Robles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLVE" title="KLVE">KLVE – Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLYY" title="KLYY">KLYY – Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMAK" title="KMAK">KMAK – Orange Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMBX" title="KMBX">KMBX – Soledad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMEN" class="mw-redirect" title="KMEN">KMEN – Mendota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMIX" title="KMIX">KMIX – Tracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMJV" title="KMJV">KMJV – Soledad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMLA" title="KMLA">KMLA – El Rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMLM-FM" title="KMLM-FM">KMLM-FM – Grover Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMPG" title="KMPG">KMPG – Hollister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMPO" title="KMPO">KMPO – Modesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMQA" class="mw-redirect" title="KMQA">KMQA – East Porterville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMRO" title="KMRO">KMRO – Camarillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMYX-FM" title="KMYX-FM">KMYX-FM – Arvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMZR" title="KMZR">KMZR – Atwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNTO" title="KNTO">KNTO – Chowchilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KODV" title="KODV">KODV – Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOKO-FM" title="KOKO-FM">KOKO-FM – Kerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOND" title="KOND">KOND – Hanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOXR" title="KOXR">KOXR – Oxnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPRC-FM" title="KPRC-FM">KPRC-FM – Salinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPSL-FM" title="KPSL-FM">KPSL-FM – Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPST-FM" title="KPST-FM">KPST-FM – Coachella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KQLB" title="KQLB">KQLB – Los Banos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRAY-FM" title="KRAY-FM">KRAY-FM – Salinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRCD_(FM)" title="KRCD (FM)">KRCD – Inglewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRCV" class="mw-redirect" title="KRCV">KRCV – West Covina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRCX-FM" title="KRCX-FM">KRCX-FM – Marysville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRDA" title="KRDA">KRDA – Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRHM-LP" title="KRHM-LP">KRHM-LP – Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRQK" title="KRQK">KRQK – Lompoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRRS" title="KRRS">KRRS – Santa Rosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSAC-FM" title="KSAC-FM">KSAC-FM – Dunnigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSCA_(FM)" title="KSCA (FM)">KSCA – Glendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSDO" title="KSDO">KSDO – San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSEA_(FM)" title="KSEA (FM)">KSEA – Greenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSGZ" class="mw-redirect" title="KSGZ">KSGZ – Greenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSEH" title="KSEH">KSEH – Brawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSES-FM" title="KSES-FM">KSES-FM – Seaside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSFN" title="KSFN">KSFN – Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSJV" title="KSJV">KSJV – Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSMY" title="KSMY">KSMY – Lompoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSOL" title="KSOL">KSOL – San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSPA" title="KSPA">KSPA – Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSPE" title="KSPE">KSPE – Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSQL" title="KSQL">KSQL – Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSRT" title="KSRT">KSRT – Cloverdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSSC" class="mw-redirect" title="KSSC">KSSC – Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSSD" class="mw-redirect" title="KSSD">KSSD – Fallbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSSE" title="KSSE">KSSE – Arcadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSXY" title="KSXY">KSXY – Forestville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTAP" title="KTAP">KTAP – Santa Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTGE" title="KTGE">KTGE – Salinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTMZ" title="KTMZ">KTMZ – Pomona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTNQ" title="KTNQ">KTNQ – Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTOR" title="KTOR">KTOR – Gerber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTQX" title="KTQX">KTQX – Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTSE-FM" title="KTSE-FM">KTSE-FM – Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUBO" title="KUBO">KUBO – Calexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUFW_(FM)" title="KUFW (FM)">KUFW – Kingsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUNA-FM" title="KUNA-FM">KUNA-FM – La Quinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVMX-FM" title="KVMX-FM">KVMX-FM – Placerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVON" title="KVON">KVON – Napa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVTR" title="KVTR">KVTR – Victorville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVUH" class="mw-redirect" title="KVUH">KVUH – Laytonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVVF" title="KVVF">KVVF – Santa Clara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVVZ" title="KVVZ">KVVZ – San Rafael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWAC_(AM)" title="KWAC (AM)">KWAC – Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWIZ" title="KWIZ">KWIZ – Santa Ana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">KWKW – Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWQQ" class="mw-redirect" title="KWQQ">KWQQ – Hemet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWRN" title="KWRN">KWRN – Apple Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWST" title="KWST">KWST – El Centro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXLM" title="KXLM">KXLM – Oxnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXOL-FM" title="KXOL-FM">KXOL-FM – Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXRS" title="KXRS">KXRS – Hemet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXSB" title="KXSB">KXSB – Big Bear Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXSE" title="KXSE">KXSE – Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXSM" title="KXSM">KXSM – Chualar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXTS_(FM)" title="KXTS (FM)">KXTS – Geyserville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXVV" title="KXVV">KXVV – Victorville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXXZ" title="KXXZ">KXXZ – Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXZM" title="KXZM">KXZM – Felton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KZER" title="KZER">KZER – Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KZNB" title="KZNB">KZNB – Petaluma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KZSF" title="KZSF">KZSF – San Jose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KZSZ" title="KZSZ">KZSZ – Colusa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KDBV" title="KDBV">KDBV – Salinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDDF" class="mw-redirect" title="KDDF">KDDF – Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KESQ_(AM)" title="KESQ (AM)">KESQ – Indio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFVR_(AM)" title="KFVR (AM)">KFVR – Crescent City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNCR" title="KNCR">KNCR – Fortuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSKD" title="KSKD">KSKD – Livingston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Adult_Contemporary_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Adult Contemporary Radio Stations in California">adult contemporary</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Classic_Hits_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Classic Hits Radio Stations in California">classic hits</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:California_college_radio" title="Template:California college radio">college</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Country Radio Stations in California">country</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:News/Talk_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:News/Talk Radio Stations in California">news/talk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_California" title="Template:NPR California">NPR</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Oldies_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Oldies Radio Stations in California">oldies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Religious_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Religious Radio Stations in California">religious</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Sports_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Sports Radio Stations in California">sports</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Contemporary_Hit_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Contemporary Hit Radio Stations in California">top 40</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Urban_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Urban Radio Stations in California">urban</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Spanish Radio Stations in California">other</a> radio stations in California</dd></dl> </div><div class="hlist" style="font-size:smaller"> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">Classical</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Religious_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Religious Radio Stations in California">Religious</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Spanish Radio Stations in California">Spanish</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Smooth_jazz" title="Smooth jazz">Smooth Jazz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Radio_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio station">Other</a></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sports_radio_stations_in_the_state_of_California1262" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sports_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Sports Radio Stations in California"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sports_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template talk:Sports Radio Stations in California"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sports_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sports Radio Stations in California"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sports_radio_stations_in_the_state_of_California1262" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sports_radio" title="Sports radio">Sports</a> radio stations in the state of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stations:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KATA_(AM)" title="KATA (AM)">KATA - Arcata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAVL" title="KAVL">KAVL - Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBFP_(AM)" title="KBFP (AM)">KBFP - Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCBL" title="KCBL">KCBL - Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KESP" title="KESP">KESP - Modesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFIG" title="KFIG">KFIG - Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFPT" title="KFPT">KFPT - Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB_(AM)" title="KGB (AM)">KGB - San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGEO" title="KGEO">KGEO - Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGMZ-FM" title="KGMZ-FM">KGMZ-FM - San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHTK" title="KHTK">KHTK - Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHTY" title="KHTY">KHTY - Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIFM" title="KIFM">KIFM - West Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLAA_(AM)" title="KLAA (AM)">KLAA - Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLAC" title="KLAC">KLAC - Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLOA_(AM)" title="KLOA (AM)">KLOA - Ridgecrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLZN" title="KLZN">KLZN - Susanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNBR_(AM)" title="KNBR (AM)">KNBR - San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNBR-FM" title="KNBR-FM">KNBR-FM - San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNEW_(AM)" title="KNEW (AM)">KNEW - Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNRO" title="KNRO">KNRO - Redding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPAY_(AM)" title="KPAY (AM)">KPAY - Chico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KQTE" title="KQTE">KQTE - Helendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSPN_(AM)" title="KSPN (AM)">KSPN - Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTCT" title="KTCT">KTCT - San Mateo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTMZ" title="KTMZ">KTMZ - Pomona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPWK_(AM)" title="KPWK (AM)">KPWK - San Bernardino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSAC_(AM)" title="KSAC (AM)">KSAC - Olivehurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWAC_(AM)" title="KWAC (AM)">KWAC - Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWFN" title="KWFN">KWFN - San Diego</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">KWKW - Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXTK" title="KXTK">KXTK - Arroyo Grande</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Adult_Contemporary_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Adult Contemporary Radio Stations in California">adult contemporary</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Classic_Hits_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Classic Hits Radio Stations in California">classic hits</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:California_college_radio" title="Template:California college radio">college</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Country Radio Stations in California">country</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:News/Talk_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:News/Talk Radio Stations in California">news/talk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_California" title="Template:NPR California">NPR</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Oldies_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Oldies Radio Stations in California">oldies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Religious_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Religious Radio Stations in California">religious</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Sports_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Sports Radio Stations in California">sports</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Contemporary_Hit_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Contemporary Hit Radio Stations in California">top 40</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Urban_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Urban Radio Stations in California">urban</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_Radio_Stations_in_California" title="Template:Spanish Radio Stations in California">other</a> radio stations in California</dd></dl> </div><div class="hlist" style="font-size:smaller"> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:ESPN_California" title="Template:ESPN California">ESPN Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Fox_Sports_Radio_stations" title="Template:Fox Sports Radio stations">Fox Sports Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CBS_Sports_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Sports Radio">CBS Sports Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Radio" title="NBC Sports Radio">NBC Sports Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sports_Byline_USA" title="Sports Byline USA">Sports Byline USA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:SportsMap_Radio_stations" title="Template:SportsMap Radio stations">SportsMap Radio</a></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lotus_Communications38" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lotus_Communications" title="Template:Lotus Communications"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lotus_Communications" title="Template talk:Lotus Communications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lotus_Communications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lotus Communications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lotus_Communications38" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Communications" title="Lotus Communications">Lotus Communications</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCMT" title="KCMT">KCMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFFN" title="KFFN">KFFN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFMA" title="KFMA">KFMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLPX" title="KLPX">KLPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMXZ-FM" title="KMXZ-FM">KMXZ-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTKT" title="KTKT">KTKT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield, California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCHJ_(AM)" title="KCHJ (AM)">KCHJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIWI" title="KIWI">KIWI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPSL-FM" title="KPSL-FM">KPSL-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KQKZ" title="KQKZ">KQKZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWAC_(AM)" title="KWAC (AM)">KWAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno, California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KGST" title="KGST">KGST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHIT-FM" title="KHIT-FM">KHIT-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKBZ" title="KKBZ">KKBZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLBN" title="KLBN">KLBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSEQ" title="KSEQ">KSEQ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles, California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KFWB" title="KFWB">KFWB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIRN" title="KIRN">KIRN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTMZ" title="KTMZ">KTMZ</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">KWKW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento, California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KSAC_(AM)" title="KSAC (AM)">KSAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSAC-FM" title="KSAC-FM">KSAC-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVMX-FM" title="KVMX-FM">KVMX-FM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise, Idaho</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KJOT" title="KJOT">KJOT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KQXR" title="KQXR">KQXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRVB" title="KRVB">KRVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTHI" title="KTHI">KTHI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas, Nevada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KENO_(AM)" title="KENO (AM)">KENO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKGK" title="KKGK">KKGK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLAV" title="KLAV">KLAV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOMP_(FM)" title="KOMP (FM)">KOMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRLV_(AM)" title="KRLV (AM)">KRLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWID" title="KWID">KWID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWWN" title="KWWN">KWWN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXPT" title="KXPT">KXPT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno, Nevada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KDOT_(FM)" title="KDOT (FM)">KDOT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFOY_(AM)" title="KFOY (AM)">KFOY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHIT" title="KHIT">KHIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOZZ-FM" title="KOZZ-FM">KOZZ-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPLY" title="KPLY">KPLY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTHX-FM" title="KTHX-FM">KTHX-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXZZ_(FM)" title="KXZZ (FM)">KXZZ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle, Washington</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KNWN_(AM)" title="KNWN (AM)">KNWN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNWN-FM" title="KNWN-FM">KNWN-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPLZ-FM" title="KPLZ-FM">KPLZ-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVI" title="KVI">KVI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Top_Music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Top Music (page does not exist)">Top Music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="TUDN_Radio_stations_in_the_United_States_and_Mexico932" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:TUDN_Radio" title="Template:TUDN Radio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:TUDN_Radio" title="Template talk:TUDN Radio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:TUDN_Radio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:TUDN Radio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="TUDN_Radio_stations_in_the_United_States_and_Mexico932" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/TUDN_Radio" title="TUDN Radio">TUDN Radio</a> stations in the United States and Mexico</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Radio_broadcasting" title="Radio broadcasting">Terrestrial Stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Owned and operated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KHOV-FM" title="KHOV-FM">KHOV</a> (Phoenix, Arizona)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLSQ" title="KLSQ">KLSQ</a> (Las Vegas, Nevada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KYWW" title="KYWW">KYWW</a> (Harlingen, Texas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WADO" title="WADO">WADO</a> (New York City, New York)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQBA" title="WQBA">WQBA</a> (Miami, Florida)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRTO_(AM)" title="WRTO (AM)">WRTO</a> (Chicago, Illinois)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliated stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KBZO_(AM)" title="KBZO (AM)">KBZO</a> (Lubbock, Texas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMXA_(AM)" title="KMXA (AM)">KMXA</a> (Aurora, Colorado)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRZY_(AM)" title="KRZY (AM)">KRZY</a> (Albuquerque, New Mexico)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSVE_(AM)" title="KSVE (AM)">KSVE</a> (El Paso, Texas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVEN" title="KVEN">KVEN</a> (Port Hueneme, California)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTMZ" title="KTMZ">KTMZ</a> (Pomona, California)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWAC_(AM)" title="KWAC (AM)">KWAC</a> (Bakersfield, California)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">KWKW</a> (Los Angeles, California)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKRS" title="WKRS">WKRS</a> (Waukegan, Illinois)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTTM" title="WTTM">WTTM</a> (Lindenwold, New Jersey)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_radio" title="Satellite radio">Satellite Radio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sirius_XM_Satellite_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirius XM Satellite Radio">Sirius XM</a> (Ch. 467)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist" style="font-size: smaller"> <dl><dt>News/talk/sports networks</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Bloomberg_Radio" title="Template:Bloomberg Radio">Bloomberg Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:ESPN_Radio_stations" title="Template:ESPN Radio stations">ESPN Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Fox_Sports_Radio_stations" title="Template:Fox Sports Radio stations">Fox Sports Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Radio_stations" title="Template:NPR Radio stations">NPR</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:SportsMap_Radio_stations" title="Template:SportsMap Radio stations">SportsMap</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Music brands</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Bob_FM_Radio_stations" title="Template:Bob FM Radio stations">Bob FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Froggy_Radio_stations" title="Template:Froggy Radio stations">Froggy</a> (country only)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Hank_FM_Radio_stations" title="Template:Hank FM Radio stations">Hank FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Jack_FM_Radio_stations" title="Template:Jack FM Radio stations">Jack FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:KISS-FM_radio_stations" title="Template:KISS-FM radio stations">KISS-FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:MOViN_Radio_stations" title="Template:MOViN Radio stations">MOViN</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Nash_FM_Radio_stations" title="Template:Nash FM Radio stations">Nash FM</a> (country only)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Religious networks</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Air_1" title="Template:Air 1">Air 1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:K-LOVE" title="Template:K-LOVE">K-LOVE</a></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div 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