Vanadium | AMERICAN ELEMENTS®

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class="tbm-subnav level-2 items-36" role="list"> <li class="tbm-item level-3 menu-item-bold" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/products-by-element" class="tbm-link level-3"> All Elements <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/al.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Aluminum <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/sb.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Antimony <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/as.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Arsenic <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/ba.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Barium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/be.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Beryllium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/bi.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Bismuth <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/bb.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Boron <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/bromine.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Bromine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/cd.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cadmium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/ca.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Calcium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/cc.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Carbon <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/ce.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cerium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/cs.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cesium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/chlorine.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Chlorine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/cr.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Chromium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/co.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cobalt <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/cu.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Copper <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/dy.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Dysprosium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/er.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Erbium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/eu.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Europium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/fluorine.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Fluorine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/gd.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Gadolinium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/ga.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Gallium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/ge.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Germanium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/au.htm" class="tbm-link level-3"> Gold <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/hf.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Hafnium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/ho.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Holmium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/in.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Indium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/ii.htm" class="tbm-link level-3"> Iodine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/ir.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Iridium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/fe.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Iron <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/la.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Lanthanum <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/pb.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Lead <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/li.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Lithium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3 menu-item-bold" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/products-by-element" class="tbm-link level-3"> More… <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-2 tbm-group" aria-level="2" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <span class="tbm-link level-2 no-link tbm-group-title" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> Products by Form <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </span> </div> <div class="tbm-group-container tbm-item-child" role="list"> <div class="tbm-row"> <div class="tbm-column span12"> <div class="tbm-column-inner"> <ul class="tbm-subnav level-2 items-18" role="list"> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/2d-materials" class="tbm-link level-3"> 2D Materials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/alloys.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Alloys <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/alloys.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Alloy Forms <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/ceramic-fibers" class="tbm-link level-3"> Ceramic Fibers <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/ceramics.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Ceramics <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/chemicals.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Chemicals & Salts <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/foams.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Foams <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/Ultra_high_purity_metals_powders.htm" class="tbm-link level-3"> High Purity Materials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/isotopes.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Isotopes <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/metals.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Metal Forms <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/mxenes" class="tbm-link level-3"> Mxenes <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/nanomaterials-nanoparticles-nanotechnology.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Nanomaterials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/organometallics.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Organometallics <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/oxides.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Oxides <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/metals.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Pure Metals <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/rare-earths.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Rare Earths <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/semiconductors.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Semiconductors <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/solutions" class="tbm-link level-3"> Solutions <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-2 tbm-group" aria-level="2" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <span class="tbm-link level-2 no-link tbm-group-title" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> Products by Application <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </span> </div> <div class="tbm-group-container tbm-item-child" role="list"> <div class="tbm-row"> <div class="tbm-column span12"> <div class="tbm-column-inner"> <ul class="tbm-subnav level-2 items-30" role="list"> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/additive-manufacturing-3d-printing" class="tbm-link level-3"> 3D Printing <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/additive-manufacturing-3d-printing" class="tbm-link level-3"> Additive Manufacturing <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/green-technology-alternative-energy.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Alternative Energy <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/Battery-Technology.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Battery Materials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/Bio-Medical.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Biomaterials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/catalysts" class="tbm-link level-3"> Catalysts <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/dental-materials.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Dental Materials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/electronics-materials.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Electronics Materials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/fuel-cell-materials.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Fuel Cell Materials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/fusion-energy" class="tbm-link level-3"> Fusion Energy <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/optical-materials.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Glass Manufacturing <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/green-technology-alternative-energy.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Green Technology <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/Hydrogen-Storage.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Hydrogen Storage <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/optical-materials.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Laser Crystals <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/life-science-organic-chemistry" class="tbm-link level-3"> Life Sciences <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/metallurgy.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Metallurgy <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/nanomaterials-nanoparticles-nanotechnology.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Nanomaterials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/nanomaterials-nanoparticles-nanotechnology.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Nanotechnology <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/optical-materials.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Optical Materials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/solar-energy-materials.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Photovoltaics <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/pigments-coatings.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Pigments & Coatings <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/metal-plating" class="tbm-link level-3"> Plating <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/research-and-development.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Research & Development <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/solar-energy-materials.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Solar Energy <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/space-industry.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Space Technology <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/sputtering-targets.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Sputtering Targets <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/Battery-Technology.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Supercapacitor Materials <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/thin-film-evaporation-materials.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Thin Film Deposition <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/water-treatment-chemicals.html" class="tbm-link level-3"> Water Treatment <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/weather-modification" class="tbm-link level-3"> Weather Modification <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-2 tbm-group" aria-level="2" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <span class="tbm-link level-2 no-link tbm-group-title" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> Life Science Products <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </span> </div> <div class="tbm-group-container tbm-item-child" role="list"> <div class="tbm-row"> <div class="tbm-column span12"> <div class="tbm-column-inner"> <ul class="tbm-subnav level-2 items-37" role="list"> <li class="tbm-item level-3 menu-item-bold" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/life-science-organic-chemistry" class="tbm-link level-3"> All Life Science <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/alcohols" class="tbm-link level-3"> Alcohols <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/aldehydes" class="tbm-link level-3"> Aldehydes <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/alkanes" class="tbm-link level-3"> Alkanes <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/amides" class="tbm-link level-3"> Amides <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/amines" class="tbm-link level-3"> Amines <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/amino-acids-derivatives" class="tbm-link level-3"> Amino Acids & Derivatives <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/aromatics" class="tbm-link level-3"> Aromatics <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/aryls" class="tbm-link level-3"> Aryls <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/azetidines" class="tbm-link level-3"> Azetidines <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/benzimidazoles" class="tbm-link level-3"> Benzimidazoles <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3" > <div class="tbm-link-container"> <a href="/benzothiophenes" class="tbm-link level-3"> Benziothiophenes 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role="banner"> <div class="section layout-container clearfix"> </div> </header> <div class="highlighted"> <aside class="layout-container section clearfix" role="complementary"> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </aside> </div> <div id="main-wrapper" class="page-layout-main-wrapper layout-container clearfix"> <div id="main" class="layout-main clearfix container-fluid"> <main id="content" class="column main-content" role="main"> <section class="section"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div> <div id="block-ae-theme-gratis-ae-subtheme-system-main"> <article data-history-node-id="358426" class="elements"> <div class="element-main"> <div class="elements__banner "> <img src=/images/2024-08/vanadium-banner.jpg /> </div> <h1 class="elements__banner__title"> <span>Vanadium</span> </h1> <div class="elements__banner__properties"> <div class="elements__banner__properties--number">23</div> <div class="elements__banner__properties--symbol">V</div> <div class="elements__banner__properties--mass">50.9415</div> </div> </div> <div class="elements__content"> <div class="ae-tabs"> <div class="ae-tabs-headers"> <a href="#about" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-about">About <div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-1d3bf39473f0d8f66e63560d79d365bc1ca96c44cee93a6986d82b3245057147"> <div class="all-items"> <div>Vanadium</div> </div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="#products" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-products">Products</a> <a href="#properties" class="ae-tabs-headers--header active" data-tab="tab-properties">Properties</a> <a href="#properties-and-products" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-properties-and-products">Properties & Products</a> <a href="#safety" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-safety">Safety</a> <a href="#isotopes" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-isotopes">Isotopes</a> </div> <div class="ae-tabs-content"> <div id="tab-about" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--about paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph text-with-title paragraph--type--text-with-title paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="text-with-title__title">About Vanadium</h2> <div class="text-with-title__body"><div class="tab-pane active" id="about" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab1"><img class="image-left" src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/element-bohr-models/vanadium-bohr-model.jpg" alt="Vanadium Bohr" width="200" height="200"><p>Vanadium is a d-block transition metal that exists in nature in multiple oxidation states, each of which imparts a distinctive color to its salts: purple/lavender/violet (+2), green (+3), blue (+4), and yellow (+5). This brilliance of these colors inspired Swedish chemist Nils Gabriel Selfström to name the new element he had isolated from a sample of wrought iron after Vanadis, another name for Freyja, the Norse goddess of beauty, love, and fertility. However, Selfström’s 1830 experiment does not mark the element’s first discovery; 29 years earlier in Mexico, Spanish mineralogist Andrés Manuel del Río had isolated numerous compounds from a sample of a mineral he termed “brown lead” (later renamed vanadinite) and determined that they contained a new element he named panchromium, for multi-colored, and later renamed to erythronium, Greek for “red,” after the red color the compounds took when heated. However, upon sharing his results with the Academie des Sciences de Paris, he was advised that he had merely produced an impure form of <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/cr.html">chromium</a>. After attempts to obtain the <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-metal-7440-62-2">metal</a> by Berzelius and Wohler, and Henry Roscoe succeeded in 1867 by reducing the <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-chloride-solution-10580-52-6">chloride</a> with <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/hh.html">hydrogen</a>. Industrial applications of vanadium compounds were limited to use as catalysts for the production of pigments and as mordants in dyeing printing fabrics until 1900, when Henry Ford employed vanadium steel in the production of the Model T.</p><p>Natural vanadium is composed of two isotopes, one stable (<sup>51</sup>V) and one radioactive (<sup>50</sup>V) and is the fifth most abundant transition metal in the earth’s crust, though it does not occur freely. The most common mineral sources of vanadium are vanadinite, carnotite and patronite, but it can also be found in over 65 different minerals including ores of titanium, uranium, and iron, phosphate rocks, and fossil fuel deposits such as crude and shale oils in the form of organic complexes. <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-v-oxide-1314-62-1">Vanadium pentoxide</a> is the most common form of the element obtained; the metal is more difficult to produce due to its high reactive at the melting point of its oxide. Methods of obtaining high purity vanadium include reduction of its <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-iii-chloride-7718-98-1">chloride</a> with <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/mg.html">magnesium</a> under an inert gas atmosphere and <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/ca.html">calcium</a> reduction of the <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-v-oxide-1314-62-1">oxide</a> in a pressure vessel. <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-metal-7440-62-2">Metallic vanadium</a> is ductile and malleable with a shiny gray appearance and is occasionally classified as a refractory metal owing to its high melting point and resistance to corrosion. The metal possesses a relatively low density and medium hardness and resists oxidation and attack by alkalis and most acids at temperatures lower than 600 C.</p><p>Its thermal and electrical conductivity and strength is superior to that of <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/ti.html">titanium</a>, and the majority of its commercial use (~92%) is in the production of alloys. Adding even a small amount of vanadium to steel dramatically increases its tensile strength and hardness, in addition to providing shock and vibration resistance; vanadium steel, also referred to as “tool steel” or “high-speed steel,” is one of the strongest alloys used in armor plates, piston rods, jet engines, cutting tools, and other equipment parts. Vanadium steel is also used in the cores of nuclear reactors due to its resistance to corrosion and high temperatures in addition to vanadium’s excellent thermal neutron-capture cross-section. Ferrovanadium is a similarly strong, shock resistant and corrosion resistant iron alloy produced by reduction of <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-v-oxide-1314-62-1">vanadium pentoxide</a> by <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/al.html">aluminum</a> or <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/si.html">silicon</a> in the presence of <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/fe.html">iron</a> under an electric arc furnace. Ferrovanadium melts more easily than pure vanadium, and is often used as a master alloy to be added to steel before casting. Common nonferrous vanadium alloys include Titanium 6AL-4V used in aircraft and dental alloys (owing to the natural antibacterial properties of titanium); <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-foil-7440-62-2">vanadium foil</a> is also used to clad <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/ti.html">titanium</a> to steel. <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-ii-silicide-12039-76-8">Vanadium-silicon</a> (V<sub>3</sub>Si) is classified as an A15-phase compound, an intermetallic crystalline compound composed of a transition metal (“A”) and any other element (“B”) with the formula A3B; V<sub>3</sub>Si was the first such compound discovered to exhibit superconductivity in 1953. Additionally, mixing vanadium and gallium in the ratio V<sub>3</sub>Ga yields a <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-gallide-12024-15-6">superconducting alloy</a> used in the coils of superconducting electromagnets, either in the form of a wire or tape.</p><p>The most commercially significant form of vanadium is <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-v-oxide-1314-62-1">vanadium pentoxide</a>. It is primarily used is in the production of ferrovanadium and as an industrial catalyst for the production of sulfuring acid; it can as function as a mordant or a ceramic pigment. Compounds that contain vanadium in a (+5) oxidation state are used as oxidizing agents in chemical reactions, whereas vanadium(2+) compounds are used as reducing agents. The <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-v-oxide-1314-62-1">pentoxide</a> and <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/ammonium-metavanadate-7803-55-6">ammonium metavanadate</a> are both excellent oxidation employed by the chemical industry to produce sulfuric acid, synthetic plastics, and other organic compounds. Some vanadium compounds have applications in the field of medicine such as treatments for diabetes mellitus and nutritional supplements; the isotope <sup>51</sup>V is used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR spectroscopy). However, all vanadium compounds are considered toxic to humans to some degree, particularly those with vanadium in a higher valence state. Trace amounts of the element exist in foods, the major source of exposure to the general public, but powdered forms of vanadium compounds are particularly hazardous due to the danger of inhalation and the ease with which the lungs absorb soluble vanadium salts.</p><p>The role of vanadium in advanced and emerging technologies is increasing due to the unique properties of its compounds. In particular, vanadium redox (or flow) batteries have gained attention in recent years as viable alternatives to the dominant lithium-ion technology currently in use. These rechargeable batteries store energy via continuously recyclable aqueous solutions of vanadium redox couples in both electrodes, eliminating the risk of cross-contamination of the electrolyte and yielding a low cost, high-efficiency energy source that has been investigated for potential use in hybrid and electric vehicles. Two-dimensional nanosheets of <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-v-oxide-1314-62-1">vanadium pentoxide</a> have demonstrated favorable properties that could lead to their use as electrodes in supercapacitors. <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-iv-oxide-12036-21-4">Vanadium dioxide</a> has also gained attention for its unique properties. It is one of the few known materials that undergoes a metal-insulator transition: acting as an insulator at low temperatures, the material rearranges its electrons in an abrupt shift (taking only 10-trillionth of a second) to act like a conductor at 67 degrees Celsius. At 65 degrees, it enters a solid-state triple point--the first material in which researchers have ever accurately pinpointed. Some experiments into the uses of vanadium dioxide include the work of researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, who used <a herf="v4ox.html">vanadium dioxide</a> to fabricate a micro-sized artificial muscle-motor that exhibited extremely high power density and resilience. Thin ribbons of vanadium dioxide alternating with graphene have shown to be a highly efficient cathode material for lithium-ion batteries that could significantly increase power and energy density, and it has also been investigated as a metamaterial.</p></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-products" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--product paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="multiple-accordions paragraph paragraph--type--multiple-accordions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="multiple-accordions__title">Products</h2> <div class="multiple-accordions__cta"></div> <div class="multiple-accordions__accordions"><div class="accordion-wrapper"> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345662">Compounds</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345662"><div class="panel-body collapse row" id="compound-products"><ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/ammonium-hexafluorovanadate-iii-13815-31-1">Ammonium Hexafluorovanadate(III)</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/ammonium-metavanadate-7803-55-6">Ammonium Metavanadate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/ammonium-polyvanadate-12207-63-5">Ammonium Polyvanadate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/ammonium-vanadium-iii-sulfate-22723-49-5">Ammonium Vanadium(III) Sulfate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/barium-pyrovanadate-13466-26-7">Barium Pyrovanadate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/barium-vanadate-39416-30-3">Barium Vanadate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/bismuth-vanadium-oxide-14059-33-7">Bismuth Vanadium Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/calcium-vanadate-12135-52-3">Calcium Vanadate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/cerium-vanadium-oxide-13597-19-8">Cerium Vanadium Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/cesium-metavanadate-14644-55-4">Cesium Metavanadate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/cesium-orthovanadate-34283-69-7">Cesium Orthovanadate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/copper-ii-vanadium-oxide-14958-34-0">Copper(II) Vanadium Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/lead-ii-metavanadate-10099-79-3">Lead(II) Metavanadate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/lead-orthovanadate">Lead Orthovanadate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/lithium-trivanadate">Lithium Trivanadate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/magnesium-vanadium-oxide-13573-13-2">Magnesium Vanadium Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/potassium-metavanadate-13769-43-2">Potassium Metavanadate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/potassium-orthovanadate-14293-78-8">Potassium Orthovanadate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/silver-metavanadate-13497-94-4">Silver Metavanadate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/sodium-ammonium-vanadate-68130-38-1">Sodium Ammonium Vanadate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/sodium-metavanadate-13718-26-8">Sodium Metavanadate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/sodium-metavanadate-hydrate">Sodium Metavanadate Hydrate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/sodium-orthovanadate-13721-39-6">Sodium Orthovanadate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/sodium-pyrovanadate-13517-26-5">Sodium Pyrovanadate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/strontium-vanadate-12435-86-8">Strontium Vanadate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/terbium-vanadium-oxide-13566-09-1">Terbium Vanadium Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/titanium-vanadium-aluminum-carbide">Titanium Vanadium Aluminum Carbide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/tungsten-oxide-vanadium-oxide">Tungsten Oxide - Vanadium Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-acetate-3473-84-5">Vanadium Acetate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-aluminum-carbide-v2alc-12179-42-9">Vanadium Aluminum Carbide V<sub>2</sub>AlC</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-aluminum-carbide-v4alc3-1019635-34-7">Vanadium Aluminum Carbide V<sub>4</sub>AlC<sub>3</sub></a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-boride-vb-12045-27-1">Vanadium Boride VB</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-boride-vb2-12007-37-3">Vanadium Boride VB<sub>2</sub></a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-bromide-vbr2-14890-41-6">Vanadium Bromide (VBr<sub>2</sub>)</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-bromide-vbr3-13470-26-3">Vanadium Bromide (VBr<sub>3</sub>)</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-carbide-12070-10-9">Vanadium Carbide VC</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-carbide-v2c-12012-17-8">Vanadium Carbide V<sub>2</sub>C</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-carbide-v4c3-12076-63-0">Vanadium Carbide V<sub>4</sub>C<sub>3</sub></a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-carbide-powder-12070-10-9">Vanadium Carbide Powder</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-chloride-10580-52-6">Vanadium(II) Chloride</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-iii-chloride-7718-98-1">Vanadium(III) Chloride</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-iv-chloride-7632-51-1">Vanadium(IV) Chloride</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-chloride-solution-10580-52-6">Vanadium Chloride Solution</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-diboride-12007-37-3">Vanadium Diboride</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadyl-dichloride-10213-09-9">Vanadyl Dichloride</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-fluoride-vf2-13842-80-3">Vanadium Fluoride VF<sub>2</sub></a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-fluoride-vf3-10049-12-4">Vanadium Fluoride VF<sub>3</sub></a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-fluoride-vf4-10049-16-8">Vanadium Fluoride VF<sub>4</sub></a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-gallide-12024-15-6">Vanadium Gallide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-germanide-12025-41-4">Vanadium Germanide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-ii-iodide-15513-84-5">Vanadium(II) Iodide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-iii-iodide-15513-94-7">Vanadium(III) Iodide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-nitride-24646-85-3">Vanadium Nitride</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-ii-oxide-12035-98-2">Vanadium(II) Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-iii-oxide-1314-34-7">Vanadium(III) Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-iv-oxide-12036-21-4">Vanadium(IV) Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-iv-v-oxide-12037-42-2">Vanadium(IV,V) Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-v-oxide-1314-62-1">Vanadium(V) Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-iv-oxide-sulfate-hydrate-123334-20-3">Vanadium(IV) Oxide Sulfate Hydrate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-v-oxychloride-7727-18-6">Vanadium(V) Oxychloride</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-v-oxyfluoride-13709-31-4">Vanadium(V) Oxyfluoride</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-oxysulfate-hydrate-27774-13-6">Vanadium Oxysulfate Hydrate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-oxytrichloride-titanium-tetrachloride">Vanadium Oxytrichloride/Titanium Tetrachloride</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-pentoxide-1314-62-1">Vanadium Pentoxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-ii-silicide-12039-76-8">Vanadium(II) Silicide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-silicide-12039-87-1">Vanadium(IV) Silicide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-iii-sulfate-13701-70-7">Vanadium(III) Sulfate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-sulfate-27774-13-6">Vanadium Sulfate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-sulfate-solution-27774-13-6">Vanadium Sulfate Solution</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadyl-oxalate-15500-04-6">Vanadyl Oxalate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadyl-oxalate-solution-15500-04-6">Vanadyl Oxalate Solution</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadyl-sulfate-pentahydrate-12439-96-2">Vanadyl Sulfate Pentahydrate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/zirconium-vanadate-13981-20-9">Zirconium Vanadate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/zirconium-vanadium-silicate-68186-95-8">Zirconium Vanadium Silicate</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345663">Metallic Forms</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345663"><div class="panel-body collapse row" id="metallic-products"><ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-balls-7440-62-2">Vanadium Balls</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-band-7440-62-2">Vanadium Bands</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-bars-7440-62-2">Vanadium Bars</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-blocks-7440-62-2">Vanadium Blocks</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-metal-7440-62-2">Vanadium Chunk</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-coil-7440-62-2">Vanadium Coil</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-concentrate-7440-62-2">Vanadium Concentrate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-crucibles-7440-62-2">Vanadium Crucibles</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-cubes-7440-62-2">Vanadium Cubes</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-cylinder-7440-62-2">Vanadium Cylinder</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-disc-7440-62-2">Vanadium Disc</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-flake-7440-62-2">Vanadium Flake</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-flange-7440-62-2">Vanadium Flanges</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-foil-7440-62-2">Vanadium Foil</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-granules-7440-62-2">Vanadium Granules</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-ingot-7440-62-2">Vanadium Ingot</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-lump-7440-62-2">Vanadium Lump</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-mesh-7440-62-2">Vanadium Mesh</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-metal-7440-62-2">Vanadium Metal</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-microfoil-7440-62-2">Vanadium Microfoil</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-microleaf-7440-62-2">Vanadium Microleaf</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/ultra-thin-vanadium-nanoscale-foil-7440-62-2">Vanadium Nanoscale Foil</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-particles-7440-62-2">Vanadium Particles</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-parts-7440-62-2">Vanadium Parts</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-pellets-7440-62-2">Vanadium Pellets</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-pieces-7440-62-2">Vanadium Pieces</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-plate-7440-62-2">Vanadium Plates</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-powder-7440-62-2">Vanadium Powder</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-puck-7440-62-2">Vanadium Puck</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-ribbon-7440-62-2">Vanadium Ribbon</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-rings-7440-62-2">Vanadium Rings</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-rod-7440-62-2">Vanadium Rod</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-samples-7440-62-2">Vanadium Samples</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-shavings-7440-62-2">Vanadium Shaving</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-sheet-7440-62-2">Vanadium Sheets</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-shot-7440-62-2">Vanadium Shot</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-single-crystal-7440-62-2">Vanadium Single Crystal</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-sleeves-7440-62-2">Vanadium Sleeves</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-slugs-7440-62-2">Vanadium Slugs</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-specimen-7440-62-2">Vanadium Specimens</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-spheres-7440-62-2">Vanadium Spheres</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-spring-7440-62-2">Vanadium Spring</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-strip-7440-62-2">Vanadium Strip</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-tape-7440-62-2">Vanadium Tape</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-tube-7440-62-2">Vanadium Tube</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-turnings-7440-62-2">Vanadium Turnings</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-wafer-7440-62-2">Vanadium Wafer</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-wire-7440-62-2">Vanadium Wire</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345664">Alloys</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345664"><div class="panel-body collapse row" id="alloy-products"><ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/aluminum-molybdenum-vanadium-chromium-titanium-alloy">Aluminum Molybdenum Vanadium Chromium Titanium Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/aluminum-molybdenum-vanadium-alloy">Aluminum Molybdenum Vanadium Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/aluminum-vanadium-alloy">Aluminum Vanadium Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/aluminum-zirconium-vanadium-alloy">Aluminum Zirconium Vanadium Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/chromium-vanadium-alloy-89559-65-9">Chromium Vanadium Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/cobalt-chromium-aluminum-vanadium-alloy">Cobalt Chromium Aluminum Vanadium Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/cobalt-vanadium-alloy">Cobalt Vanadium Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/cobalt-vanadium-foil">Cobalt Vanadium Foil</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/h13-steel-powder">H13 Steel Powder</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/iron-aluminum-vanadium-alloy">Iron Aluminum Vanadium Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/iron-cobalt-vanadium-alloy">Iron Cobalt Vanadium Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/nickel-vanadium-alloy">Nickel Vanadium Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/nickel-vanadium-zirconium-alloy">Nickel Vanadium Zirconium Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/nickel-vanadium-zirconium-foil">Nickel Vanadium Zirconium Foil</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/ta15-titanium-alloy">TA15 Titanium Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/ta15-titanium-alloy-powder">TA15 Titanium Alloy Powder</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/ta19-titanium-alloy-powder">TA19 Titanium Alloy Powder</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/10-2-3-titanium-alloy">Titanium 10-2-3</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/titanium-aluminum-vanadium-alloy">Titanium Aluminum Vanadium Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/titanium-aluminum-vanadium-foil">Titanium Aluminum Vanadium Foil</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/titanium-aluminum-vanadium-powder">Titanium Aluminum Vanadium Powder</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/titanium-vanadium-alloy">Titanium Vanadium Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/titanium-chromium-vanadium-alloy">Titanium Vanadium Chromium Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/titanium-vanadium-chromium-aluminium-foil">Titanium Vanadium Chromium Aluminium Foil</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/titanium-vanadium-chromium-manganese-alloy">Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/tungsten-vanadium-alloy">Tungsten Vanadium Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/tungsten-vanadium-foil">Tungsten Vanadium Foil</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-aluminum-alloy">Vanadium Aluminum Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-copper-alloy">Vanadium Copper Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-copper-foil">Vanadium Copper Foil</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-chromium-alloy">Vanadium Chromium Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-gallide-12024-15-6">Vanadium Gallium Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-iron-alloy-12604-58-9">Vanadium Iron Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-iron-foil-12604-58-9">Vanadium Iron Foil</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-molybdenum-alloy">Vanadium Molybdenum Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-molybdenum-foil">Vanadium Molybdenum Foil</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-stannide-12040-03-8">Vanadium Stannide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-tungsten-alloy">Vanadium Tungsten Alloy</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/zirconium-vanadium-alloy">Zirconium Vanadium Alloy</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345665">Oxide Forms</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345665"><div class="panel-body collapse row" id="oxide-products"><ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-ii-oxide-12035-98-2">Vanadium(II) Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-iii-oxide-1314-34-7">Vanadium(III) Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-iv-oxide-12036-21-4">Vanadium(IV) Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-v-oxide-1314-62-1">Vanadium(V) Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-iv-v-oxide-12037-42-2">Vanadium(VI) Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-oxide-particles-1314-34-7">Vanadium Oxide Particles</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-oxide-pellets-1314-34-7">Vanadium Oxide Pellets</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-oxide-pieces-1314-34-7">Vanadium Oxide Pieces</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-oxide-powder-1314-34-7">Vanadium Oxide Powder</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-oxide-shot-1314-34-7">Vanadium Oxide Shot</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-oxide-tablets-1314-34-7">Vanadium Oxide Tablets</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345666">Organometallics</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345666"><div class="panel-body collapse row" id="organometallic-products"><ul class="grid grid2 no-dot"><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/2-3-7-8-12-13-17-18-octaethyl-21h-23h-porphine-vanadium-iv-oxide-27860-55-5">2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-Octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine Vanadium(IV) Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/5-10-15-20-tetraphenyl-21h-23h-porphine-vanadium-iv-oxide-14705-63-6">5,10,15,20-Tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine Vanadium(IV) Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/bis-benzene-vanadium-12129-72-5">Bis(benzene)vanadium</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/bis-cyclopentadienyl-vanadium-ii-1277-47-0">Bis(cyclopentadienyl)vanadium(II)</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/bis-cyclopentadienyl-vanadium-bromide-64815-29-8">Bis(cyclopentadienyl)vanadium Bromide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/bis-cyclopentadienyl-vanadium-iii-chloride-12701-79-0">Bis(cyclopentadienyl)vanadium(III) Chloride</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/bis-cyclopentadienyl-vanadium-iii-iodide-53291-02-4">Bis(cyclopentadienyl)vanadium(III) Iodide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/bis-cyclopentadienyl-vanadium-iv-dichloride-12083-48-6">Bis(cyclopentadienyl)vanadium(IV) Dichloride</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/bis-ethylbenzene-vanadium-36955-48-3">Bis(ethylbenzene)vanadium</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/bis-ethylcyclopentadienyl-vanadium-ii-55940-04-0">Bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)vanadium(II)</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/bis-indenyl-vanadium-ii-101834-69-9">Bis(indenyl)vanadium(II)</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/bis-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-vanadium-ii-74507-60-1">Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)vanadium(II)</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/chlorobis-indenyl-vanadium-480445-37-2">Chlorobis(indenyl)vanadium</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/cyclopentadienylvanadium-tetracarbonyl-12108-04-2">Cyclopentadienylvanadium Tetracarbonyl</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/iodobis-indenyl-vanadium-iii-108150-19-2">Iodobis(indenyl)vanadium(III)</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/n-n-bis-salicylidene-o-phenylenediamine-vanadium-iv-oxide-complex-32065-17-1">N,N'-Bis(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine Vanadium(IV) Oxide Complex</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/tetrakis-acetato-bis-cyclopentadienyl-divanadium-iii-11077-92-2">Tetrakis(acetato)bis(cyclopentadienyl) divanadium(III)</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/tetrakis-diethylamino-vanadium-iv-219852-96-7">Tetrakis(diethylamino)vanadium(IV)</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/tetrakis-dimethylamino-vanadium-iv-19824-56-7">Tetrakis(dimethylamino)vanadium(IV)</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/tetrakis-ethylmethylamino-vanadium-iv-791114-66-4">Tetrakis(ethylmethylamino)vanadium(IV)</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/tris-diethylamino-vanadium-dimethylamino">Tris(diethylamino)vanadium(dimethylamino)</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/tris-n-n-bis-trimethylsilyl-amide-vanadium-iii-160261-25-6">Tris[N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)amide]vanadium(III)</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/tris-triphenylsiloxy-vanadium-oxide-18822-50-9">Tris(triphenylsiloxy)vanadium Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-2-ethylhexanoate-74630-99-2">Vanadium 2-Ethylhexanoate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-acetylacetonate-13476-99-8">Vanadium Acetylacetonate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-iii-chloride-tetrahydrofuran-complex-19559-06-9">Vanadium(III) Chloride Tetrahydrofuran Complex</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-iv-etioporphyrin-iii-oxide-15709-03-2">Vanadium(IV) Etioporphyrin III Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-naphthenate-oxide-68553-60-6">Vanadium Naphthenate Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-oxyacetylacetonate-3153-26-2">Vanadium Oxyacetylacetonate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-v-oxytriethoxide-1686-22-2">Vanadium(V) Oxytriethoxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-v-oxytriisopropoxide-5588-84-1">Vanadium(V) Oxytriisopropoxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-v-oxytripropoxide-1686-23-3">Vanadium(V) Oxytripropoxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-triisobutoxide-oxide-19120-62-8">Vanadium Triisobutoxide Oxide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-tris-trifluoromethylsulfonyl-imide-207861-54-9">Vanadium Tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadyl-2-3-naphthalocyanine-33273-15-3">Vanadyl 2,3-Naphthalocyanine</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadyl-acetylacetonate-3153-26-2">Vanadyl Acetylacetonate</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadyl-phthalocyanine-13930-88-6">Vanadyl Phthalocyanine</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345667">Nanomaterials</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345667"><div class="panel-body collapse row" id="nanomaterial-products"><ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/lithium-vanadate-nanoparticles-15060-59-0">Lithium Vanadate Nanoparticles</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-carbide-nanoparticles-12070-10-9">Vanadium Carbide Nanoparticles</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-nanoparticles-7440-62-2">Vanadium Nanoparticle</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-nanorods-7440-62-2">Vanadium Nanorods</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-nanoprisms-7440-62-2">Vanadium Nanoprisms</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-nitride-nanoparticles-24646-85-3">Vanadium Nitride Nanoparticles</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-oxide-nanoparticles-nanopowder-1314-34-7">Vanadium Oxide Nanoparticles</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-oxide-nanoparticle-dispersion-1314-34-7">Vanadium Oxide Nanoparticle Dispersion</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345668"><div class="panel-heading activate-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#semiconductor-optical-products"><span class="panel-title">Semiconductor & Optical</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div></h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345668"><div class="panel-body collapse row" id="semiconductor-optical-products"><ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/ho-yvo4">Ho:YVO<sub>4</sub></a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/yb-yvo4">Er:YVO<sub>4</sub></a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/er-yb-yvo4">Er,Yb:YVO<sub>4</sub></a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/neodymium-doped-gadolinium-orthovanadate">Nd:GdVO<sub>4</sub></a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/neodymium-doped-yttrium-orthovanadate">Nd:YVO<sub>4</sub></a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/yttrium-vanadate-doped-with-thulium">Tm:YVO<sub>4</sub></a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-phosphide-12066-53-4">Vanadium Phosphide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-selenide-12299-51-3">Vanadium Selenide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-sulfide-1315-03-3">Vanadium Sulfide</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-telluride-35515-91-4">Vanadium Telluride</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/v2nise4-crystal">V<sub>2</sub>NiSe<sub>4</sub> Crystal</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/yb-yvo4">Yb:YVO<sub>4</sub></a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/yb-gdvo4">Yb:GDVO<sub>4</sub></a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/yttrium-aluminum-garnet-doped-with-vanadium">Yttrium Aluminum Garnet, Vanadium doped</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/yttrium-vanadate-13566-12-6">Yttrium Vanadate</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345669">Sputtering Targets</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345669"><div class="panel-body collapse row" id="sputtering-target-products"><ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/aluminum-vanadium-sputtering-target">Aluminum Vanadium Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/chromium-vanadium-sputtering-target-89559-65-9">Chromium Vanadium Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/cobalt-vanadium-sputtering-target">Cobalt Vanadium SputteringTarget</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/lanthanum-vanadium-oxide-sputtering-target-13939-40-7">Lanthanum Vanadium Oxide Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/lithium-vanadate-sputtering-target-15060-59-0">Lithium Vanadate Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/manganese-silicon-vanadium-sputtering-target">Manganese Silicon Vanadium Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/nickel-vanadium-sputtering-target">Nickel Vanadium Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/nickel-vanadium-zirconium-sputtering-target">Nickel Vanadium Zirconium Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/ruthenium-vanadium-alloy-sputtering-target">Ruthenium Vanadium Alloy Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/strontium-vanadate-sputtering-target-12435-86-8">Strontium Vanadate Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/titanium-aluminum-vanadium-sputtering-target">Titanium Aluminum Vanadium Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-aluminum-sputtering-target">Vanadium Aluminum Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-boride-vb-sputtering-target-12045-27-1">Vanadium Boride VB Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-carbide-sputtering-target-12070-10-9">Vanadium Carbide Sputtering Targets</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-cerium-sputtering-target">Vanadium Cerium Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-chromium-sputtering-target">Vanadium Chromium Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-cobalt-sputtering-target">Vanadium Cobalt Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-copper-sputtering-target">Vanadium Copper Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-diboride-sputtering-target-12007-37-3">Vanadium Diboride Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-iron-sputtering-target">Vanadium Iron Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-molybdenum-sputtering-target">Vanadium Molybdenum Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-nickel-sputtering-target">Vanadium Nickel Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-nitride-sputtering-target-24646-85-3">Vanadium Nitride Sputtering Targets</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-oxide-rotatable-sputtering-target-1314-34-7">Vanadium Oxide Rotatable Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-oxide-sputtering-target-1314-34-7">Vanadium Oxide Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-iv-oxide-sputtering-target-12036-21-4">Vanadium(IV) Oxide Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-pentoxide-sputtering-target-1314-62-1">Vanadium Pentoxide Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-phosphide-sputtering-target-12066-53-4">Vanadium Phosphide Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-rotatable-sputtering-target-7440-62-2">Vanadium Rotatable Sputtering Targets</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-selenide-sputtering-target-12299-51-3">Vanadium Selenide Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-silicide-sputtering-target-12039-87-1">Vanadium Silicide Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-sputtering-target-7440-62-2">Vanadium Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-telluride-sputtering-target-35515-91-4">Vanadium Telluride Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-titanium-sputtering-target">Vanadium Titanium Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-tungsten-sputtering-target">Vanadium Tungsten Sputtering Target</a></li><li class="product"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/zinc-vanadate-sputtering-target">Zinc Vanadate Sputtering Target </a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns"> <button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__open">+ OPEN ALL</button> <button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__close">- CLOSE ALL</button> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div id="products-intro"><p>Vanadium is highly resistant to corrosion, and thus is commonly added to stainless steel alloys. Vanadium compounds are used in advanced ceramics. <img class="image-left" src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/vanadium-sputtering-target.png" alt="High Purity (99.999%) Vanadium (V) Sputtering Target" width="103" height="121">Vanadium's most important compound, <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-v-oxide-1314-62-1">vanadium pentoxide</a>, is used as a catalyst for the production of sulfuric acid. Vanadium is available as <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-metal-7440-62-2">metal</a> and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/Ultra_high_purity_metals_powders.htm">ultra-high purity</a>). <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-oxide-powder-1314-34-7"><img class="image-right" src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/vanadium-oxide-powder.png" alt="High Purity (99.999%) Vanadium Oxide (V2O3) Powder" width="138" height="130"></a><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-sputtering-target-7440-62-2">Elemental or metallic forms</a> include <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-pellets-7440-62-2">pellets</a>, <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-rod-7440-62-2">rod</a>, <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-wire-7440-62-2">wire</a> and <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-granules-7440-62-2">granules</a> for evaporation source material purposes. Vanadium <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/nanomaterials-nanoparticles-nanotechnology.html">nanoparticles and nanopowders</a> provide ultra-high surface area. <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/oxides.html">Oxides</a> are available in powder and dense pellet form for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-fluoride-vf4-10049-16-8">Vanadium fluorides</a> are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Vanadium is also available in soluble forms including <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-chloride-solution-10580-52-6">chlorides</a> and <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadium-acetate-3473-84-5">acetates</a>. These compounds can be manufactured as <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/solutions">solutions</a> at specified stoichiometries.</p></div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-properties" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--properties-element paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph text-with-title paragraph--type--text-with-title paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="text-with-title__title">Vanadium Properties</h2> <div class="text-with-title__body"><div class="tab-pane active" id="properties" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab3"><p><img class="image-left" src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/vanadium-block.png" alt="Vanadium(V) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbol" width="38" height="40"><strong>Vanadium</strong> is a Block D, Group 5, Period 4 element. <img src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/vanadium-bohr.jpg" alt="Vanadium Bohr Model" width="200" height="200">vanadium chloride (VCl<sub>3</sub>). Vanadium was named after "Vanadis" the goddess of beauty in Scandinavian mythology.</p></div></div> </div> <div class="two-columns-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--two-columns-accordions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="two-columns-accordion__left"> <div class="multiple-accordions paragraph paragraph--type--multiple-accordions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="multiple-accordions__title"></h2> <div class="multiple-accordions__cta"></div> <div class="multiple-accordions__accordions"><div class="accordion-wrapper"> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345674">General Properties</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345674"><div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="general-properties"><table class="table properties-table"><tbody><tr><th id="symbol">Symbol:</th><td>V</td></tr><tr><th id="atomic-number">Atomic Number:</th><td>23</td></tr><tr><th id="atomic-weight">Atomic Weight:</th><td>50.9414</td></tr><tr><th id="element-category">Element Category:</th><td>transition metal</td></tr><tr><th id="group-period-block">Group, Period, Block:</th><td>5, 4, d</td></tr><tr><th id="color">Color:</th><td>silvery gray metallic</td></tr><tr><th id="other-names">Other Names:</th><td>Vanadin, Vanadio, Vanádio</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345675">Physical Properties</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345675"><div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="physical-properties"><table class="properties-table table"><tbody><tr><th id="melting-point">Melting Point:</th><td>1910 °C, 3470 °F, 2183 K</td></tr><tr><th id="boiling-point">Boiling Point:</th><td>3407 °C, 6165 °F, 3680 K</td></tr><tr><th id="density">Density:</th><td>6.1 g.cm-3 at 20 °C</td></tr><tr><th id="liquid-density">Liquid Density @ Melting Point:</th><td>5.5 g·cm<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th id="density-20-degrees-C">Density @ 20°C:</th><td>6.1 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th id="solid-density">Density of Solid:</th><td>6110 kg·m<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th id="specific-heat">Specific Heat:</th><td>0.39 (kJ/kg K)</td></tr><tr><th id="superconductivity-temperature">Superconductivity Temperature:</th><td>0.022 [or -273.128 °C (-459.63 °F)] (under pressure) K</td></tr><tr><th id="triple-point">Triple Point:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="critical-point">Critical Point:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="fusion-heat">Heat of Fusion (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th><td>17.6</td></tr><tr><th id="vaporization-heat">Heat of Vaporization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th><td>459.7</td></tr><tr><th id="atomization-heat">Heat of Atomization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th><td>510.95</td></tr><tr><th id="thermal-conductivity">Thermal Conductivity:</th><td>30.7 W·m<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup></td></tr><tr><th id="thermal-expansion">Thermal Expansion:</th><td>(25 °C) 8.4 µm·m<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup></td></tr><tr><th id="electrical-resistivity">Electrical Resistivity:</th><td>(20 °C) 197 nΩ·m</td></tr><tr><th id="tensile-strength">Tensile Strength:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="molar-heat-capacity">Molar Heat Capacity:</th><td>24.89 J·mol<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup></td></tr><tr><th id="youngs-modulus">Young's Modulus:</th><td>128 GPa</td></tr><tr><th id="shear-modulus">Shear Modulus:</th><td>47 GPa</td></tr><tr><th id="bulk-modulus">Bulk Modulus:</th><td>160 GPa</td></tr><tr><th id="poisson-ratio">Poisson Ratio:</th><td>0.37</td></tr><tr><th id="mohs-hardness">Mohs Hardness:</th><td>6.7</td></tr><tr><th id="vickers-hardness">Vickers Hardness:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="brinell-hardness">Brinell Hardness:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="speed-of-sound">Speed of Sound:</th><td>(20 °C) 4560 m·s<sup>-1</sup></td></tr><tr><th id="pauling-electronegativity">Pauling Electronegativity:</th><td>1.63</td></tr><tr><th id="sanderson-electronegativity">Sanderson Electronegativity:</th><td>1.39</td></tr><tr><th id="allerd-rochow-electronegativity">Allred Rochow Electronegativity:</th><td>1.45</td></tr><tr><th id="mulliken-jaffe-electronegativity">Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="allen-electronegativity">Allen Electronegativity:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="pauling-electropositivity">Pauling Electropositivity:</th><td>2.37</td></tr><tr><th id="reflectivity">Reflectivity (%):</th><td>61</td></tr><tr><th id="refractive-index">Refractive Index:</th><td>N/A</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345676">Chemical Properties</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345676"><div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="chemical-properties"><table class="properties-table table"><tbody><tr><th id="electrons">Electrons:</th><td>23</td></tr><tr><th id="protons">Protons:</th><td>23</td></tr><tr><th id="neutrons">Neutrons:</th><td>28</td></tr><tr><th id="electron-configuration">Electron Configuration:</th><td>[Ar] 3d<sup>3</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><th id="atomic-radius">Atomic Radius:</th><td>134 pm</td></tr><tr><th id="atomic-radius-non-bonded">Atomic Radius,<br>non-bonded (Å):</th><td>2.07</td></tr><tr><th id="covalent-radius">Covalent Radius:</th><td>153±8 pm</td></tr><tr><th id="covalent-radius-non-bonded">Covalent Radius (Å):</th><td>1.44</td></tr><tr><th id="van-der-waals-radius">Van der Waals Radius:</th><td>200 pm</td></tr><tr><th id="oxidation-states">Oxidation States:</th><td>5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -1 (amphoteric oxide)</td></tr><tr><th id="phase">Phase:</th><td>Solid</td></tr><tr><th id="crystal-structure">Crystal Structure:</th><td>body-centered cubic</td></tr><tr><th id="magnetic-ordering">Magnetic Ordering:</th><td>paramagnetic</td></tr><tr><th id="electron-affinity">Electron Affinity (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>)</th><td>50.637</td></tr><tr><th id="1-ionization">1<sup>st</sup> Ionization Energy:</th><td>650.92 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td></tr><tr><th id="2-ionization">2<sup>nd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th><td>1414.49 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td></tr><tr><th id="3-ionization">3<sup>rd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th><td>2828.10 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns"> <button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__open">+ OPEN ALL</button> <button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__close">- CLOSE ALL</button> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="two-columns-accordion__right"> <div class="multiple-accordions paragraph paragraph--type--multiple-accordions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="multiple-accordions__title"></h2> <div class="multiple-accordions__cta"></div> <div class="multiple-accordions__accordions"><div class="accordion-wrapper"> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346525">Identifiers</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346525"><div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="identifiers"><table class="table properties-table"><tbody><tr><th id="cas-number">CAS Number:</th><td>7440-62-2</td></tr><tr><th id="ec-number">EC Number:</th><td>231-171-1</td></tr><tr><th id="mdl-number">MDL Number:</th><td>MFCD00011453</td></tr><tr><th id="beilstein-number">Beilstein Number:</th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th id="smile-id">SMILES Identifier:</th><td>[V]</td></tr><tr><th id="inchi-id">InChI Identifier:</th><td>InChI=1S/V</td></tr><tr><th id="inchi-key">InChI Key:</th><td>LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N</td></tr><tr><th id="pubchem-cid">PubChem CID:</th><td>23990</td></tr><tr><th id="chemspider-id">ChemSpider ID:</th><td>22426</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346526">Abundance</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346526"><div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="abundance"><table class="table properties-table"><tbody><tr><td class="abundance" id="earth-total">Earth - Total:</td><td>82 ppm </td></tr><tr><td class="abundance" id="mercury-total">Mercury - Total:</td><td>63 ppm </td></tr><tr><td class="abundance" id="venus-total">Venus - Total:</td><td>86 ppm </td></tr><tr><td class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-weight">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by weight:</td><td>1.5</td></tr><tr><td class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-atoms">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by atoms:</td><td>0.18</td></tr><tr><td class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-weight">Earth -  Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by weight:</td><td>190000</td></tr><tr><td class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-atoms">Earth -  Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by atoms:</td><td>75000</td></tr><tr><td class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-weight">Sun - Total, ppb by weight:</td><td>400</td></tr><tr><td class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-atoms">Sun - Total, ppb by atoms:</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-weight">Stream, ppb by weight:</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-atoms">Stream, ppb by atoms:</td><td>0.02</td></tr><tr><td class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-weight">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by weight:</td><td>62000</td></tr><tr><td class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-atoms">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by atoms:</td><td>23000</td></tr><tr><td class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-weight">Typical Human Body, ppb by weight:</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-atoms">Typical Human Body, ppb by atom:</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-weight">Universe, ppb by weight:</td><td>1000</td></tr><tr><td class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-atoms">Universe, ppb by atom:</td><td>20</td></tr><tr></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346527">History</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346527"><div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="history"><table class="table properties-table"><tbody><tr><th id="discovered">Discovered By:</th><td>Andrés Manuel del Río</td></tr><tr><th id="discovery-date">Discovery Date:</th><td>1801</td></tr><tr><th id="first-isolation">First Isolation:</th><td>Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand (1864)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div> <div class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns"> <button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__open">+ OPEN ALL</button> <button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__close">- CLOSE ALL</button> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-safety" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--safety-tab paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph text-with-title paragraph--type--text-with-title paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="text-with-title__title">Health, Safety & Transportation Information for Vanadium</h2> <div class="text-with-title__body"><div class="tab-pane active" id="safety" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab4"><p>Several vanadium compounds are toxic to some creatures despite the fact that it is an essential trace element. Safety data for Vanadium and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the Products tab. The below information applies to elemental (metallic) Vanadium.</p><table class="safety-table"><thead><tr><th colspan="2" id="safety-data">Safety Data</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/safety-information.html#signalword">Signal Word</a></th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/safety-information.html#hazardstatements">Hazard Statements</a></th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/hazard-codes.html#hazardcodes">Hazard Codes</a></th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/safety-information.html#riskcodes">Risk Codes</a></th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/safety-information.html#safetyprecautions">Safety Precautions</a></th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/safety-information.html#rtecs">RTECS Number</a></th><td>YW1355000</td></tr><tr><th><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/safety-information.html#transportation">Transport Information</a></th><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><th><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/safety-information.html#wgk">WGK Germany</a></th><td>nwg</td></tr><tr><th><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/hazard-codes.html">Globally Harmonized System of </a><br><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/hazard-codes.html">Classification and Labelling (GHS)</a></th><td>N/A</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div> <div class="paragraph review-and-print paragraph--type--review-and-print paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="review-and-print__title custom-accordion-header accordion--print-and-review-347012">Review and Print SDS for Vanadium Metal</h4> <div id="sds" class="review-and-print__body custom-accordion-body accordion-default-cose accordion--print-and-review-347012"> <div class="review-and-print__body__pdf"> <a href="/print/view/pdf/sds_pane/block_2?view_args%5B0%5D=9003">Create Printable PDF</a> </div> <div class="sds-content review-and-print__body__content"><div class="panel-body collapse in row" id="sds"><div class="view view-sds-pane view-id-sds_pane view-display-id-block sds-content view-dom-id-0acf83f3774e09345e52361b57f4c3aa"><div class="view-header"><h2 class="centered">SAFETY DATA SHEET</h2><div id="sds-date"><div><strong>Date Created:</strong> 05/15/2015</div><div><strong>Date Revised:</strong> 05/15/2015</div></div></div><div class="view-content"><div><hr><h3>SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION</h3><p><strong>Product Name:</strong> Vanadium Metal</p><p><strong>Product Number:</strong> All applicable American Elements product codes, e.g. V-M-02, V-M-03, V-M-04, V-M-05</p><p><strong>CAS #:</strong> 7440-62-2</p><p><strong>Relevant identified uses of the substance: </strong>Scientific research and development</p><p>Supplier details:<br>American Elements<br>1093 Broxton Ave. Suite 2000<br>Los Angeles, CA 90024<br>Tel: +1 310-208-0551<br>Fax: +1 310-208-0351<br><br>Emergency telephone number:<br>Domestic, North America +1 800-424-9300<br>International +1 703-527-3887</p><hr><h3>SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION</h3><p>Classification of the substance or mixture<br>Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008<br>The substance is not classified as hazardous to health or the environment according to the CLP regulation.<br>Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC or Directive 1999/45/EC<br>Not applicable<br>Information concerning particular hazards for human and environment:<br>No information known.<br>Hazards not otherwise classified<br>No information known.<br>Label elements<br>Labelling according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008<br>Not applicable<br>Hazard pictograms<br>Not applicable<br>Signal word<br>Not applicable<br>Hazard statements<br>Not applicable<br>WHMIS classification<br>Not controlled<br>Classification system<br>HMIS ratings (scale 0-4)<br>(Hazardous Materials Identification System)<br>HEALTH<br>FIRE<br>REACTIVITY<br>0 <br>0 <br>0 <br>Health (acute effects) = 0<br>Flammability = 0<br>Physical Hazard = 0<br>Other hazards<br>Results of PBT and vPvB assessment<br>PBT: Not applicable.<br>vPvB: Not applicable.</p><hr><h3>SECTION 3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS</h3><p>Chemical characterization: Substances<br>CAS# Description:<br>7440-62-2 Vanadium<br>Identification number(s):<br>EC number: 231-171-1</p><hr><h3>SECTION 4. FIRST AID MEASURES</h3><p>Description of first aid measures<br>General information<br>No special measures required.<br>After inhalation<br>Seek medical treatment in case of complaints.<br>After skin contact<br>Generally the product does not irritate the skin.<br>After eye contact<br>Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. If symptoms persist, consult a doctor.<br>After swallowing<br>If symptoms persist consult doctor.<br>Information for doctor<br>Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed<br>No further relevant information available.<br>Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed<br>No further relevant information available.</p><hr><h3>SECTION 5. FIREFIGHTING MEASURES</h3><p>Extinguishing media<br>Suitable extinguishing agents<br>Special powder for metal fires. Do not use water.<br>For safety reasons unsuitable extinguishing agents<br>Water<br>Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture<br>If this product is involved in a fire, the following can be released:<br>Vanadium oxides<br>Advice for firefighters<br>Protective equipment:<br>No special measures required.</p><hr><h3>SECTION 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES</h3><p>Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures<br>Not required.<br>Environmental precautions:<br>Do not allow product to reach sewage system or any water course.<br>Do not allow to penetrate the ground/soil.<br>Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:<br>Pick up mechanically.<br>Prevention of secondary hazards:<br>No special measures required.</p><hr><h3>SECTION 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE</h3><p>Handling<br>Precautions for safe handling<br>Keep container tightly sealed.<br>Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.<br>Information about protection against explosions and fires:<br>No special measures required.<br>Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities<br>Storage<br>Requirements to be met by storerooms and receptacles:<br>No special requirements.<br>Information about storage in one common storage facility:<br>Do not store together with acids.<br>Store away from oxidizing agents.<br>Further information about storage conditions:<br>Keep container tightly sealed.<br>Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.<br>Specific end use(s)<br>No further relevant information available</p><hr><h3>SECTION 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION</h3><p>Additional information about design of technical systems:<br>No further data; see section 7.<br>Control parameters<br>Components with limit values that require monitoring at the workplace:<br>The product does not contain any relevant quantities of materials with critical values that have to be monitored at the workplace.<br>Additional information: No data<br>Exposure controls<br>Personal protective equipment<br>General protective and hygienic measures<br>The usual precautionary measures for handling chemicals should be followed.<br>Maintain an ergonomically appropriate working environment.<br>Breathing equipment: Not required.<br>Recommended filter device for short term use:<br>Use a respirator with type N95 (USA) or PE (EN 143) cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. Risk assessment should be performed to determine if air-purifying respirators are appropriate. Only use equipment tested and approved under appropriate government standards.<br>Protection of hands: Not required.<br>Material of gloves<br>Nitrile rubber, NBR<br>Penetration time of glove material (in minutes) 480<br>Glove thickness<br>0.11 mm<br>Eye protection: Safety glasses<br>Body protection: Protective work clothing.</p><hr><h3>SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>Information on basic physical and chemical properties<br>General Information<br>Appearance:<br>Form: Solid in various forms<br>Color: Silver grey<br>Odor: Odorless<br>Odor threshold: Not determined.<br>pH-value: Not applicable.<br>Change in condition<br>Melting point/Melting range: 1910 °C (3470 °F)<br>Boiling point/Boiling range: 3407 °C (6165 °F)<br>Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined<br>Flammability (solid, gaseous): Not determined.<br>Ignition temperature: Not determined<br>Decomposition temperature: Not determined<br>Auto igniting: Not determined.<br>Danger of explosion: Not determined.<br>Explosion limits:<br>Lower: Not determined<br>Upper: Not determined<br>Vapor pressure: Not applicable.<br>Density at 20 °C (68 °F): 6.11 g/cm³ (50.988 lbs/gal)<br>Bulk density at 20 °C (68 °F): 4000 kg/m³<br>Relative density: Not determined.<br>Vapor density: Not applicable.<br>Evaporation rate: Not applicable.<br>Solubility in / Miscibility with Water: Insoluble<br>Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not determined.<br>Viscosity:<br>dynamic: Not applicable.<br>kinematic: Not applicable.<br>Other information<br>No further relevant information available</p><hr><h3>SECTION 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY</h3><p>Reactivity<br>No information known.<br>Chemical stability<br>Stable under recommended storage conditions.<br>Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:<br>Decomposition will not occur if used and stored according to specifications.<br>Possibility of hazardous reactions<br>Reacts with strong oxidizing agents<br>Conditions to avoid<br>No further relevant information available.<br>Incompatible materials:<br>Acids<br>Oxidizing agents<br>Hazardous decomposition products:<br>Vanadium oxides</p><hr><h3>SECTION 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION</h3><p>Information on toxicological effects<br>Acute toxicity:<br>The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains acute toxicity data for this substance.<br>LD/LC50 values that are relevant for classification: No data<br>Skin irritation or corrosion: May cause irritation<br>Eye irritation or corrosion: May cause irritation<br>Sensitization: No sensitizing effects known.<br>Germ cell mutagenicity: No effects known.<br>Carcinogenicity:<br>No classification data on carcinogenic properties of this material is available from the EPA, IARC, NTP, OSHA or ACGIH.<br>The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains tumorigenic and/or carcinogenic and/or neoplastic data for this substance.<br>Reproductive toxicity: No effects known.<br>Specific target organ system toxicity - repeated exposure: No effects known.<br>Specific target organ system toxicity - single exposure: No effects known.<br>Aspiration hazard: No effects known.<br>Subacute to chronic toxicity:<br>The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains multiple dose toxicity data for this substance.<br>Additional toxicological information:<br>To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.</p><hr><h3>SECTION 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION</h3><p>Toxicity<br>Aquatic toxicity:<br>No further relevant information available.<br>Persistence and degradability<br>No further relevant information available.<br>Bioaccumulative potential<br>No further relevant information available.<br>Mobility in soil<br>No further relevant information available.<br>Additional ecological information:<br>General notes:<br>Avoid transfer into the environment.<br>Results of PBT and vPvB assessment<br>PBT: Not applicable.<br>vPvB: Not applicable.<br>Other adverse effects<br>No further relevant information available.</p><hr><h3>SECTION 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS</h3><p>Waste treatment methods<br>Recommendation<br>Consult state, local or national regulations to ensure proper disposal.<br>Uncleaned packagings:<br>Recommendation:<br>Disposal must be made according to official regulations.</p><hr><h3>SECTION 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION</h3><p>UN-Number<br>DOT, ADN, IMDG, IATA<br>Not applicable<br>UN proper shipping name<br>DOT, ADN, IMDG, IATA<br>Not applicable<br>Transport hazard class(es)<br>DOT, ADR, ADN, IMDG, IATA<br>Class<br>Not applicable<br>Packing group<br>DOT, IMDG, IATA<br>Not applicable<br>Environmental hazards:<br>Not applicable.<br>Special precautions for user<br>Not applicable.<br>Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL73/78 and the IBC Code<br>Not applicable.<br>Transport/Additional information:<br>DOT<br>Marine Pollutant (DOT):<br>No<br>UN "Model Regulation":<br>-</p><hr><h3>SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION</h3><p>Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture<br>National regulations<br>All components of this product are listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical substance Inventory.<br>All components of this product are listed on the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL).<br>SARA Section 313 (specific toxic chemical listings): 7440-62-2 Vanadium<br>California Proposition 65<br>Prop 65 - Chemicals known to cause cancer<br>Substance is not listed.<br>Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity<br>Substance is not listed.<br>Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, female<br>Substance is not listed.<br>Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, male<br>Substance is not listed.<br>Information about limitation of use:<br>For use only by technically qualified individuals.<br>Other regulations, limitations and prohibitive regulations<br>Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) according to the REACH Regulations (EC) No.1907/2006.<br>Substance is not listed.<br>The conditions of restrictions according to Article 67 and Annex XVII of the Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) for the manufacturing, placing on themarket and use must be observed.<br>Substance is not listed.<br>Annex XIV of the REACH Regulations (requiring Authorisation for use)<br>Substance is not listed.<br>REACH - Pre-registered substances<br>Substance is listed.<br>Chemical safety assessment:<br>A Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out.</p><hr><h3>16. OTHER INFORMATION</h3><p>Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH). The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. American Elements shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale. COPYRIGHT 1997-2016 AMERICAN ELEMENTS. LICENSED GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.</p></div></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-isotopes" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--isotopes paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph text-with-title paragraph--type--text-with-title paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="text-with-title__title">Vanadium Isotopes</h2> <div class="text-with-title__body"><div class="tab-pane active" id="isotopes" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab5"><p>Naturally occurring vanadium is composed of one stable <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/isotopes.html">isotope</a> <sup>51</sup>V and one radioactive isotope <sup>50</sup>V.</p><table class="isotopes-table"><thead><tr><th scope="col" id="nuclide"><strong>Nuclide</strong></th><th scope="col" id="mass"><strong>Isotopic Mass</strong></th><th scope="col" id="half-life"><strong>Half-Life</strong></th><th scope="col" id="decay"><strong>Mode of Decay</strong></th><th scope="col" id="nuclear-spin"><strong>Nuclear Spin</strong></th><th scope="col" id="magnetic-moment"><strong>Magnetic Moment</strong></th><th scope="col" id="binding-energy"><strong>Binding Energy (MeV)</strong></th><th scope="col" id="natural-abundance"><strong>Natural Abundance</strong><br><strong>(% by atom)</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>40</sup>V</strong></th><td>40.01109(54)#</td><td>N/A</td><td>p to <sup>40</sup>Ti</td><td>2-#</td><td>N/A</td><td>287.09</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>41</sup>V</strong></th><td>40.99978(22)#</td><td>N/A</td><td>p to <sup>41</sup>Ti</td><td>7/2-#</td><td>N/A</td><td>306.35</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>42</sup>V</strong></th><td>41.99123(21)#</td><td><55 ns</td><td>p to <sup>42</sup>Ti</td><td>2-#</td><td>N/A</td><td>321.88</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>43</sup>V</strong></th><td>42.98065(25)#</td><td>80# ms</td><td>ß<sup>+</sup>  to <sup>43</sup>Ti</td><td>7/2-#</td><td>N/A</td><td>340.21</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>44</sup>V</strong></th><td>43.97411(13)</td><td>111(7) ms</td><td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>44</sup>Ti; a to <sup>40</sup>Sc</td><td>(2+)</td><td>N/A</td><td>353.88</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>45</sup>V</strong></th><td>44.965776(18)</td><td>547(6) ms</td><td>ß<sup>+</sup>  to <sup>45</sup>Ti</td><td>7/2-</td><td>N/A</td><td>370.34</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>46</sup>V</strong></th><td>45.9602005(11)</td><td>422.50(11) ms</td><td>ß<sup>+</sup>  to <sup>46</sup>Ti</td><td>0+</td><td>N/A</td><td>383.08</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>47</sup>V</strong></th><td>46.9549089(9)</td><td>32.6(3) min</td><td>EC to <sup>47</sup>Ti</td><td>3/2-</td><td>N/A</td><td>396.75</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>48</sup>V</strong></th><td>47.9522537(27)</td><td>15.9735(25) d</td><td>EC to <sup>48</sup>Ti</td><td>4+</td><td>2.01</td><td>406.69</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>49</sup>V</strong></th><td>48.9485161(12)</td><td>329(3) d</td><td>EC to <sup>49</sup>Ti</td><td>7/2-</td><td>4.47</td><td>418.49</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>50</sup>V</strong></th><td>49.9471585(11)</td><td>1.4 x 10<sup>17</sup> y</td><td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>50</sup>Ti; ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>50</sup>Cr</td><td>6+</td><td>3.34745</td><td>427.5</td><td>0.25</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>51</sup>V</strong></th><td>50.9439595(11)</td><td>STABLE</td><td>-</td><td>7/2-</td><td>5.1514</td><td>439.31</td><td>99.75</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>52</sup>V</strong></th><td>51.9447755(11)</td><td>3.743(5) min</td><td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>52</sup>Cr</td><td>3+</td><td>N/A</td><td>446.46</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>53</sup>V</strong></th><td>52.944338(3)</td><td>1.60(4) min</td><td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>53</sup>Cr</td><td>7/2-</td><td>N/A</td><td>454.54</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>54</sup>V</strong></th><td>53.946440(16)</td><td>49.8(5) s</td><td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>54</sup>Cr</td><td>3+</td><td>N/A</td><td>460.75</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>55</sup>V</strong></th><td>54.94723(11)</td><td>6.54(15) s</td><td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>55</sup>Cr</td><td>(7/2-)#</td><td>N/A</td><td>467.9</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>56</sup>V</strong></th><td>55.95053(22)</td><td>216(4) ms</td><td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>56</sup>Cr; ß<sup>-</sup> + n to <sup>55</sup>Cr</td><td>(1+)</td><td>N/A</td><td>473.18</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>57</sup>V</strong></th><td>56.95256(25)</td><td>0.35(1) s</td><td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>57</sup>Cr; ß<sup>-</sup> + n to <sup>56</sup>Cr</td><td>(3/2-)</td><td>N/A</td><td>479.4</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>58</sup>V</strong></th><td>57.95683(27)</td><td>191(8) ms</td><td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>58</sup>Cr; ß<sup>-</sup> + n to <sup>57</sup>Cr</td><td>3+#</td><td>N/A</td><td>483.75</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>59</sup>V</strong></th><td>58.96021(33)</td><td>75(7) ms</td><td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>59</sup>Cr; ß<sup>-</sup> + n to <sup>58</sup>Cr</td><td>7/2-#</td><td>N/A</td><td>488.1</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>60</sup>V</strong></th><td>59.96503(51)</td><td>122(18) ms</td><td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>60</sup>Cr; ß<sup>-</sup> + n to <sup>59</sup>Cr</td><td>3+#</td><td>N/A</td><td>491.52</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>61</sup>V</strong></th><td>60.96848(43)#</td><td>47.0(12) ms</td><td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>61</sup>Cr</td><td>7/2-#</td><td>N/A</td><td>496.81</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>62</sup>V</strong></th><td>61.97378(54)#</td><td>33.5(20) ms</td><td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>62</sup>Cr</td><td>3+#</td><td>N/A</td><td>500.23</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>63</sup>V</strong></th><td>62.97755(64)#</td><td>17(3) ms</td><td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>63</sup>Cr</td><td>(7/2-)#</td><td>N/A</td><td>504.58</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>64</sup>V</strong></th><td>63.98347(75)#</td><td>10# ms [>300 ns]</td><td>Unknown</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>507.07</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><strong><sup>65</sup>V</strong></th><td>64.98792(86)#</td><td>10# ms</td><td>Unknown</td><td>5/2-#</td><td>N/A</td><td>511.42</td><td>-</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </section> </main> </div> </div> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="layout-container"> <div class="site-footer__top clearfix"> <div> <div id="block-sponsers-box2" class="Sponsers-box-block"> <div> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div> <div class="visually-hidden">Image</div> <img loading="lazy" src="/images/styles/large/public/2025-01/ARPA-E-Summit.png?itok=E3UTxRam" width="480" height="104" alt="ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit" title="ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Please join us and our customers and co-sponsors GE and BASF at the <a href="https://www.arpae-summit.com/">ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit</a> in Washington, DC on March 17, 2025.</p> </div> <div id="block-ae-theme-copyright" class="footer-copyright"> <div class="footer-copyright--text"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div> Periodic table of the elements, materials science and academic information, elements and advanced materials data, scientific presentations and all pages, designs, concepts, logos, and color schemes herein are the copyrighted proprietary rights and intellectual property of American Elements. 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