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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去方法細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-設計過程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#設計過程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>設計過程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-設計過程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電腦模擬" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電腦模擬"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>電腦模擬</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電腦模擬-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-主要領域" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主要領域"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>主要領域</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-主要領域-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去主要領域細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-主要領域-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-土木工程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#土木工程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>土木工程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-土木工程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-機電同資訊領域" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#機電同資訊領域"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>機電同資訊領域</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-機電同資訊領域-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-機械工程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#機械工程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>機械工程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-機械工程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電機工程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電機工程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>電機工程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電機工程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-資訊科技" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#資訊科技"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>資訊科技</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-資訊科技-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-跨越機電" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#跨越機電"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>跨越機電</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-跨越機電-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-化學工程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#化學工程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>化學工程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-化學工程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-材料科學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#材料科學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>材料科學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-材料科學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同科學嘅拏褦" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同科學嘅拏褦"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>同科學嘅拏褦</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-同科學嘅拏褦-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去同科學嘅拏褦細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-同科學嘅拏褦-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-同數學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同數學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>同數學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同數學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同物理學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同物理學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>同物理學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同物理學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同藝術嘅拏褦" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同藝術嘅拏褦"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>同藝術嘅拏褦</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-同藝術嘅拏褦-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去同藝術嘅拏褦細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-同藝術嘅拏褦-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-藝術考量" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#藝術考量"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>藝術考量</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-藝術考量-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-造就藝術" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#造就藝術"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>造就藝術</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-造就藝術-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去歷史細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-15_世紀前" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#15_世紀前"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>15 世紀前</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-15_世紀前-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-15_世紀後" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#15_世紀後"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>15 世紀後</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-15_世紀後-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-睇埋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#睇埋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>睇埋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-睇埋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歐詞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歐詞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>歐詞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歐詞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-引咗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引咗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>引咗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引咗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-拎" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#拎"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>拎</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-拎-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">工程學</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有165種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-165" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">165種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenieurswese" title="Ingenieurswese – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ingenieurswese" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenieurwissenschaften" title="Ingenieurwissenschaften – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ingenieurwissenschaften" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%80%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B2%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%90%E1%89%B5" title="መሀንዲስነት – 阿姆哈拉文" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መሀንዲስነት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inchenier%C3%ADa" title="Incheniería – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Incheniería" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="अभियांत्रिकी – 昂加文" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अभियांत्रिकी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9" title="هندسة – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هندسة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%87" title="هندسه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هندسه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE" title="অভিযান্ত্ৰিক বিদ্যা – 阿薩姆文" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="অভিযান্ত্ৰিক বিদ্যা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿薩姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inxenier%C3%ADa" title="Inxeniería – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Inxeniería" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="अभियान्त्रिकी – 阿瓦文" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="अभियान्त्रिकी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCh%C9%99ndislik" title="Mühəndislik – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mühəndislik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="موهندیسلیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موهندیسلیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D1%8D%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Инженерлыҡ эше – 巴什客爾文" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Инженерлыҡ эше" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什客爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenieurwesn" title="Ingenieurwesn – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ingenieurwesn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BE%C4%97ner%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Inžėnerėjė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Inžėnerėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhenyeriya" title="Inhenyeriya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Inhenyeriya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Інжынерная справа – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Інжынерная справа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Інжынэрная справа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Інжынэрная справа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rancang_peranti" title="Rancang peranti – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Rancang peranti" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Инженерна наука – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Инженерна наука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B2" title="প্রকৌশল – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রকৌশল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="བཟོ་སྐྲུན་རིག་པ། – 藏文" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བཟོ་སྐྲུན་རིག་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B2" title="প্রকৌশল – 比什奴普萊利亞文" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="প্রকৌশল" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="比什奴普萊利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijinerezh" title="Ijinerezh – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ijinerezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEenjerstvo" title="Inženjerstvo – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Inženjerstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enginyeria" title="Enginyeria – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enginyeria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D3%80%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85" title="Инженеран гӀуллакх – 車臣文" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Инженеран гӀуллакх" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="車臣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhenyeriya" title="Inhenyeriya – 宿霧文" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Inhenyeriya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿霧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ئەندازیاری – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەندازیاری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEen%C3%BDrstv%C3%AD" title="Inženýrství – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Inženýrství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peirianneg" title="Peirianneg – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Peirianneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeni%C3%B8rvidenskab" title="Ingeniørvidenskab – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ingeniørvidenskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenieurwissenschaften" title="Ingenieurwissenschaften – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ingenieurwissenschaften" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%B1hendis" title="Mıhendis – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mıhendis" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Επιστήμες μηχανικών – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επιστήμες μηχανικών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insnier%C3%ACa" title="Insnierìa – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Insnierìa" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Engineering" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C4%9Denierarto" title="Inĝenierarto – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Inĝenierarto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenier%C3%ADa" title="Ingeniería – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ingeniería" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inseneriteadused" title="Inseneriteadused – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Inseneriteadused" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeniaritza" title="Ingeniaritza – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ingeniaritza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engenieria" title="Engenieria – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Engenieria" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="مهندسی – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مهندسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekniset_tieteet" title="Tekniset tieteet – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tekniset tieteet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ing%C3%A9nierie" title="Ingénierie – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ingénierie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inzegnerie" title="Inzegnerie – 弗留利文" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Inzegnerie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innealt%C3%B3ireacht" title="Innealtóireacht – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Innealtóireacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%B8" title="工學 – 贛語" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="工學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="贛語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enj%C3%A9ny%C3%A9ri" title="Enjényéri – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Enjényéri" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innleadaireachd" title="Innleadaireachd – 蘇格蘭蓋爾文" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Innleadaireachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭蓋爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enxe%C3%B1ar%C3%ADa" title="Enxeñaría – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Enxeñaría" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80" title="ઇજનેરી – 古吉拉特文" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઇજનેરી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeshaghteyrys" title="Jeshaghteyrys – 曼島文" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Jeshaghteyrys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="曼島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injinia." title="Injinia. – 豪撒文" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Injinia." data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪撒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BBng-chh%C3%A0ng-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Kûng-chhàng-ho̍k – 客家話" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kûng-chhàng-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家話" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBenehana" title="ʻenehana – 夏威夷文" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻenehana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%94" title="הנדסה – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנדסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="अभियान्त्रिकी – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अभियान्त्रिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Engineering" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEenjerstvo" title="Inženjerstvo – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Inženjerstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enjenyeri" title="Enjenyeri – 海地文" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Enjenyeri" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9rn%C3%B6ki_tudom%C3%A1ny" title="Mérnöki tudomány – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mérnöki tudomány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ճարտարագիտություն – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ճարտարագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenieria" title="Ingenieria – 國際文" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ingenieria" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="國際文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injinir_(bidang)" title="Injinir (bidang) – 伊班文" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Injinir (bidang)" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perekayasaan" title="Perekayasaan – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perekayasaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenierie" title="Ingenierie – 國際文（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Ingenierie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="國際文（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhenieria" title="Inhenieria – 伊洛闊文" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Inhenieria" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛闊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injeniorarto" title="Injeniorarto – 伊多文" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Injeniorarto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verkfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Verkfræði – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Verkfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingegneria" title="Ingegneria – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ingegneria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6" title="工学 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="工学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injinierin" title="Injinierin – 牙買加克裏奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Injinierin" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克裏奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8knik" title="Tèknik – 爪哇文" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tèknik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="საინჟინრო მეცნიერება – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საინჟინრო მეცნიერება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injiniarini" title="Injiniarini – 吉庫尤文" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Injiniarini" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉庫尤文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Инжиниринг – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Инжиниринг" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeni%C3%B8rilerineq" title="Ingeniørilerineq – 格陵蘭文" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Ingeniørilerineq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="格陵蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98" title="វិស្វកម្ម – 高棉文" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វិស្វកម្ម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರಿಂಗ್‌ – 坎那達文" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರಿಂಗ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="坎那達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99" title="공학 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%90%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%96%D9%86%D9%8E%D8%B1%D9%90%D9%86%D9%9B%DA%AF" title="اِنٛجیٖنَرِنٛگ – 喀什米爾文" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اِنٛجیٖنَرِنٛگ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="喀什米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endezyar%C3%AE" title="Endezyarî – 庫爾德文" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Endezyarî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynjynorieth" title="Ynjynorieth – 康瓦耳文" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ynjynorieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康瓦耳文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars_ingeniaria" title="Ars ingeniaria – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ars ingeniaria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enjenyeriya" title="Enjenyeriya – 拉迪諾文" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Enjenyeriya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪諾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injenia" title="Injenia – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Injenia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inzegnaja_(universcit%C3%A6)" title="Inzegnaja (universcitæ) – 利古里亞文" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Inzegnaja (universcitæ)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injegneria" title="Injegneria – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Injegneria" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B3" title="ວິສະວະກຳ – 寮文" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ວິສະວະກຳ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="寮文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEinerija" title="Inžinerija – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Inžinerija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEenierija" title="Inženierija – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Inženierija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="अभियांत्रिकी शास्त्र – 邁蒂利文" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अभियांत्रिकी शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="邁蒂利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injenieria" title="Injenieria – 馬拉加什文" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Injenieria" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="馬拉加什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Инженерство – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Инженерство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="എൻജിനീയറിങ്ങ് – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എൻജിനീയറിങ്ങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Инженерийн шинжлэх ухаан – 蒙古文" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Инженерийн шинжлэх ухаан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="अभियांत्रिकी – 馬拉地文" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अभियांत्रिकी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="馬拉地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kejuruteraan" title="Kejuruteraan – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kejuruteraan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angenharie" title="Angenharie – 米蘭德斯文" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Angenharie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米蘭德斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="အင်ဂျင်နီယာ နည်းပညာ – 緬甸文" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အင်ဂျင်နီယာ နည်းပညာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="緬甸文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Ngegner%C3%ACa" title="'Ngegnerìa – 拿波里文" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="'Ngegnerìa" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="拿波里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" title="इन्जिनियरिङ – 尼泊爾文" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इन्जिनियरिङ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="इञ्जिनियरिङ्ग – 尼瓦爾文" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इञ्जिनियरिङ्ग" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Engineering" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeni%C3%B8rvitskap" title="Ingeniørvitskap – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ingeniørvitskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeni%C3%B8rvitenskap" title="Ingeniørvitenskap – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ingeniørvitenskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injenieria" title="Injenieria – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Injenieria" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Engenhariá" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injineriingii" title="Injineriingii – 奧羅莫文" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Injineriingii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奧羅莫文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%88%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ବୈଷୟିକ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – 歐利亞文" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବୈଷୟିକ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="歐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਇੰਜਨੀਅਰਿੰਗ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇੰਜਨੀਅਰਿੰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghenier%C3%ADa" title="Ingheniería – 潘帕嘉文" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ingheniería" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="潘帕嘉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BCynieria" title="Inżynieria – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Inżynieria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF" title="انجینرنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انجینرنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="انجينري – 普什圖文" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انجينري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什圖文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engenharia" title="Engenharia – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Engenharia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27illikachay" title="K'illikachay – 蓋楚瓦文" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="K'illikachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="蓋楚瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inginerie" title="Inginerie – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Inginerie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Инженерное дело – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Инженерное дело" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%97%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D2%91" title="Інджінїрінґ – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Інджінїрінґ" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="यन्त्रशास्त्रम् – 梵文" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="यन्त्रशास्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Инженерия – 雅庫特文" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Инженерия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="雅庫特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenieria" title="Ingenieria – 撒丁文" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ingenieria" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="撒丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ncignir%C3%ACa" title="Ncignirìa – 西西里文" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ncignirìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingineerin" title="Ingineerin – 蘇格蘭文" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ingineerin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%B1%DA%B1" title="انجنيئرڱ – 信德文" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انجنيئرڱ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEenjerstvo" title="Inženjerstvo – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Inženjerstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව – 僧伽羅文" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Engineering" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEinierstvo" title="Inžinierstvo – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Inžinierstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEenirstvo" title="Inženirstvo – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Inženirstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Inisinia" title="'Inisinia – 薩摩亞文" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="'Inisinia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="薩摩亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inxhinieria" title="Inxhinieria – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Inxhinieria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Инжењерство – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Инжењерство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9kayasa" title="Rékayasa – 巽他文" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Rékayasa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenj%C3%B6rsvetenskap" title="Ingenjörsvetenskap – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ingenjörsvetenskap" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhandisi" title="Uhandisi – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uhandisi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பொறியியல் – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொறியியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರಿಂಗ್ – 圖盧文" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರಿಂಗ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="圖盧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇంజనీరింగ్ – 泰盧固文" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇంజనీరింగ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰盧固文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enje%C3%B1aria" title="Enjeñaria – 泰頓文" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Enjeñaria" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="泰頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Муҳандисӣ – 塔吉克文" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Муҳандисӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="วิศวกรรมศาสตร์ – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิศวกรรมศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9D%E1%88%85%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%93" title="ምህንድስና – 提格利尼亞文" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ምህንድስና" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="提格利尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEenerlik" title="Inženerlik – 土庫曼文" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Inženerlik" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土庫曼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhenyeriya" title="Inhenyeriya – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Inhenyeriya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BChendislik" title="Mühendislik – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mühendislik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vunjhiniyera" title="Vunjhiniyera – 特松加文" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vunjhiniyera" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="特松加文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Инженерлык – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Инженерлык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%AA_%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%84%D9%85%D9%89" title="سانائەت ئىلمى – 維吾爾文" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سانائەت ئىلمى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="維吾爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Інженерія – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інженерія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A6%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="انجینئری – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انجینئری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhandislik" title="Muhandislik – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Muhandislik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enginiari_(Engineering)" title="Enginiari (Engineering) – 溫達文" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Enginiari (Engineering)" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="溫達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzegnaria" title="Enzegnaria – 威尼斯文" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Enzegnaria" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%BB%B9_thu%E1%BA%ADt" title="Kỹ thuật – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kỹ thuật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaenalav" title="Kaenalav – 沃拉普克文" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kaenalav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhenyeriya" title="Inhenyeriya – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inhenyeriya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="工程学 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="工程学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubunjineli" title="Ubunjineli – 科薩文" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ubunjineli" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科薩文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אינזשעניריע – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אינזשעניריע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="工程学 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="工程学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kang-t%C3%AAng-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Kang-têng-ha̍k – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kang-têng-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmNgcikisho" title="UmNgcikisho – 祖魯文" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmNgcikisho" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖魯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11023#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" rel="discussion" title="關於內容頁嘅討論[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="改語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">粵語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="外觀"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=history" title="呢一頁之前嘅修訂[h]" accesskey="h"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="架撐" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">架撐</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">架撐</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="多啲選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 動作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=history"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 基本 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%82%8A%E5%BA%A6%E9%8F%88%E5%8E%BB%E5%91%A2%E7%89%88/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="列出所有連接過嚟呢度嘅頁面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>有乜連過嚟</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%A4%96%E9%8F%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" rel="nofollow" title="由呢版連出去嘅版嘅最近修改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>連結頁嘅更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E8%BC%89" title="上載檔案[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上載檔案</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E7%89%88" title="所有專門版一覽[q]" accesskey="q"><span>專門版</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&oldid=2178853" title="呢版呢個修訂嘅永久網址"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=info" title="多啲同呢版有拏褦嘅資料"><span>此版明細</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&id=2178853&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="點樣引用呢頁嘅資訊"><span>引用呢篇文</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25B7%25A5%25E7%25A8%258B%25E5%25AD%25B8"><span>攞短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25B7%25A5%25E7%25A8%258B%25E5%25AD%25B8"><span>下載QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/HONDA_ASIMO.jpg/153px-HONDA_ASIMO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/HONDA_ASIMO.jpg/204px-HONDA_ASIMO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:86px;max-width:86px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Display_controller_PCB_(backside).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Display_controller_PCB_%28backside%29.jpg/84px-Display_controller_PCB_%28backside%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Display_controller_PCB_%28backside%29.jpg/126px-Display_controller_PCB_%28backside%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Display_controller_PCB_%28backside%29.jpg/168px-Display_controller_PCB_%28backside%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheops_pyramid_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Cheops_pyramid_01.jpg/200px-Cheops_pyramid_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Cheops_pyramid_01.jpg/300px-Cheops_pyramid_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Cheops_pyramid_01.jpg/400px-Cheops_pyramid_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">工程學會對各種各樣嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="結構">結構</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0" title="機械">機械</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="材料">材料</a>進行實用同理論嘅研究： <ul><li>上：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%80%E5%BE%A9%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E" title="往復式引擎">往復式引擎</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="機械人">機械人</a></li> <li>下：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF" title="電子電路">電子電路</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%A4%AB%E9%87%91%E5%AD%97%E5%A1%94" title="胡夫金字塔">胡夫金字塔</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <p><b>工程學</b>（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B2%B5%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="Wikipedia:粵文拼音">粵音</a>：gung1 cing4 hok6；<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="英文">英文</a>：<span lang="en">engineering</span>），又叫<b>工學</b>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a><ruby><rb>地</rb><rt><span>dei<span class="Jpingtone">2</span></span></rt></ruby>有俗稱 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wikt:N%E5%B1%95" class="extiw" title="en:wikt:N展"><b><ruby><rb>N</rb><rt><span>en<span class="Jpingtone">1</span></span></rt></ruby> 展</b></a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，係一系列嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="應用科學">應用科學</a>領域。工程學目的係要將由<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="科學">科學</a>嗰度攞到嘅知識投入應用，靠呢啲知識<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="設計">設計</a>出對<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="人類">人類</a>嚟講有實用價值嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="結構工程">結構</a>（好似係<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="建築物">建築物</a>呀噉）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0" title="機械">機械</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0%E6%A5%AD" title="製造業">製造過程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="材料">材料</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="系統">系統</a>，可以按處理嘅系統嘅類型細分做<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="機械工程">機械工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="電機工程">電機工程</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化學工程">化學工程</a>等嘅多個子領域。廣義上，工程學仲可以包埋針對呢啲事物嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="理論">理論</a>性質研究，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="控制理論">控制理論</a>就好興將機械想像成<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E5%8C%96" title="抽象化">抽象化</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="數學模型">數學模型</a>嚟研究<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>工程學嘅工作最基本上會涉及<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="工程學設計過程">工程學設計過程</a>：喺呢個過程當中，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%AB" title="工程師">工程師</a>會首先界定「要處理啲乜問題」，搞清楚嗮設計緊嗰樣嘢要滿足乜嘢要求，再郁手<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%9E%8B" title="原型">試吓整件嘢出嚟</a>同埋做<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E6%B8%AC%E8%A9%A6" title="系統測試">測試</a>，睇吓件嘢係咪真係一如預期噉達到啲要求－响現實世界，工程師通常初頭都會撞板，發覺件嘢有啲甩漏，跟住落嚟佢就要做進一步嘅工作，嘗試搵出問題喺邊同埋執吓件嘢嘅設計；以上嘅過程會一路重複，直至件嘢做到夠完善為止<sup id="cite_ref-dymlittle1999_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dymlittle1999-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ullman2010_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ullman2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>工程學呢家嘢歷史好悠久，喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="公元前">公元前</a>嘅遠古經已存在，例如建於公元前 2580 年到前 2560 年嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%A4%AB%E9%87%91%E5%AD%97%E5%A1%94" title="胡夫金字塔">胡夫金字塔</a>就俾好多人認為係一個工程學奇蹟，就算到咗廿一世紀初，工程學界對於「胡夫金字塔到底係點樣起出嚟嘅」呢條問題都仲係眾說紛紜<sup id="cite_ref-romer2007_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-romer2007-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。廿一世紀初嘅工程學係一系列專化嘅領域，會用到成套嘅理論知識同實用技巧嚟設計同製作各種對人類嚟講不可或缺嘅系統，係現代社會嘅一門重要<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E6%A5%AD" title="專業">專業</a><sup id="cite_ref-blockley2012_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blockley2012-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定位"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E4.BD.8D"></span>定位</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 定位"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geely_assembly_line_in_Beilun,_Ningbo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Geely_assembly_line_in_Beilun%2C_Ningbo.JPG/300px-Geely_assembly_line_in_Beilun%2C_Ningbo.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Geely_assembly_line_in_Beilun%2C_Ningbo.JPG/450px-Geely_assembly_line_in_Beilun%2C_Ningbo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Geely_assembly_line_in_Beilun%2C_Ningbo.JPG/600px-Geely_assembly_line_in_Beilun%2C_Ningbo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>一間<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%BB%A0" title="工廠">工廠</a>喺度組裝<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A" title="汽車">汽車</a>。</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="科學">科學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="物理學">物理學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="應用科學">應用科學</a></div> <p>2021 年嘅<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="不列顛百科全書">不列顛百科全書</a>係噉樣嚟<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9" title="定義">定義</a><b>工程學</b>呢隻詞嘅<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <table align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent; margin: 5px auto;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" style="width:20px; color:#B2B7F2; font-size:40px; font-family:Elephant,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; padding:10px 10px;">「 </td> <td><div style="display: table-cell; text-align: left; padding: 1em; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E6%96%87" title="粵文">粵文</a>翻譯：（工程學係）<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="科學">科學</a>原理嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E6%84%8F" title="創意">創意</a>應用，用嚟<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="設計">設計</a>或者開發<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="結構">結構</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0" title="機械">機械</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%B6%E7%94%9F" title="架生">架生</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0%E6%A5%AD" title="製造業">製造</a>過程，（工程學又包括埋）將呢啲嘢單一或者結合噉用嘅工作；（又包埋）喺完全理解呢啲嘢嘅設計之下建造同運作呢啲嘢；（又包埋）或者係預測呢啲嘢喺特定運作情況下嘅行為；仲有係諗埋呢啲嘢嘅預期<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD_(%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8)" title="功能 (工程學)">功能</a>、運作上嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="工程經濟學">經濟考量</a>、以及係生命同<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E7%94%A2" title="財產">財產</a>嘅安全性（呢啲結構機械會唔會對生命同財產造成威脅）。 </div> </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:20px; color:#B2B7F2; font-size:40px; font-family:Elephant,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:bold; text-align:right; padding:10px 10px;">」 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>喺上面嗰段嘢當中，「<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E6%84%8F" title="創意">創意</a>」係一個重要嘅關鍵字，反映咗工程學同<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%94%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="純科學">純科學</a>之間嗰條重要分野：工程學同純科學上嘅研究都要建基於已有嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98" title="知識">知識</a>，並且逐漸噉縮窄研究嘅範圍，追求新嘅知識；兩者主要分別在於，工程學重視<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E6%98%8E" title="發明">發明</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>一啲全新嘅事物，而純科學重視<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE" title="發現">發現</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>一啲前所未知嘅事物－例如喺<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E8%BF%AA%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="愛迪生">愛迪生</a>造出世上第一個<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%87%88%E8%86%BD" title="電燈膽">電燈膽</a>之前，世界上並冇電燈膽呢樣嘢，所以愛迪生算係「發明」咗電燈膽；而相比之下，想像例如家陣<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學">天文學</a>上嘅研究搵到粒新嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="行星">行星</a>，嗰粒行星喺第一次俾人<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E7%9F%A5" title="感知">感知</a>到佢之前查實不嬲都存在，只不過係當時啲人唔知佢存在噉解，所以班<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="天文學家">天文學家</a>算係「發現」咗嗰粒行星<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="方法"><span id=".E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>方法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 方法"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="工程經濟學">工程經濟學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86" title="工程學倫理">工程學倫理</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="設計過程"><span id=".E8.A8.AD.E8.A8.88.E9.81.8E.E7.A8.8B"></span>設計過程</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 設計過程"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="工程學設計過程">工程學設計過程</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="科學方法">科學方法</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="產品設計">產品設計</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="工程學設計過程">工程學設計過程</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>係工程學上嘅一個重要基礎概念。工程學上嘅工作可以涉及設計好多唔同嘅嘢，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="建築物">建築物</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="馬路">馬路</a>等嘅結構就有別於<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%89%93" title="摩打">摩打</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F" title="發電機">發電機</a>等嘅機械，而且（例如）唔同類型嘅建築物喺功能上可以好唔同，唔同類型嘅摩打之間又係可以有好大差異。不過無論係邊個領域嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%AB" title="工程師">工程師</a>，佢哋要郁手設計同開發一件嘢嗰陣，往往都會用到工程學設計過程。工程學設計過程係一套教工程師解決專業問題用嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%8A%E4%BB%A3" title="疊代">疊代</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>步驟－<b>疊代</b>意思即係指成件工作途中可能要將某一個步驟或者某幾個步驟重複好多次<sup id="cite_ref-dymlittle1999_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dymlittle1999-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ullman2010_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ullman2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L-Observatorium.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/L-Observatorium.png" decoding="async" width="591" height="400" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><center>一幅<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%89%87" title="圖則">圖則</a>；<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="建築師">建築師</a>喺設計一棟建築物嗰陣，通常會畫啲圖則嚟描繪佢想像中嗰棟建築物嘅樣。</center></figcaption></figure> <p>喺最基本上，工程學設計過程大致涉及咗以下呢啲步驟<sup id="cite_ref-dymlittle1999_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dymlittle1999-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ullman2010_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ullman2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ol><li><b>界定問題</b>：即係要界定要解決嘅問題，工程師需要知道最後嗰件成品要滿足乜嘢<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82" title="需求">需求</a>，通常會用個表列嗮「件成品要有嘅功能」出嚟；舉個例說明，想像家陣有個<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%AB" title="軟件工程師">軟件工程師</a>，佢俾人請佢開發一隻<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%AA%E5%9C%96%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6" title="繪圖軟件">繪圖軟件</a>俾<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D%E5%BD%B1%E5%B8%AB" title="攝影師">攝影師</a>用；喺界定問題階段，個軟件工程師要做嘅係了解攝影師做嘅工作，整返個列表，列出嗮隻軟件需要有啲乜嘢功能－攝影師需要嘅功能同一般人需要嘅好唔同，同時佢哋嘅需要又會同（例如）<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%AB%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="畫家">畫家</a>嘅唔同<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><b>做研究</b>：工程師要由其他人嘅經驗當中學習（呢點同<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="科學家">科學家</a>一樣）；工程師通常要做吓資料搜集，睇吓其他人有冇遇到過類似嘅問題，同埋佢哋係點樣解決個問題嘅；講返頭先軟件工程師嘅例子，佢要去搜集資料，睇吓前人整過嘅繪圖軟件，知道呢啲軟件有乜功能；呢啲資訊會話俾佢知，有啲乜嘢功能前人經已整咗（所以如果佢想自己整嗰隻軟件有<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B6%E7%88%AD%E5%84%AA%E5%8B%A2" title="競爭優勢">競爭力</a>，佢就要諗啲有用嘅額外功能）、有乜嘢功能之前嗰啲軟件整得唔順手（所以佢可以靠將呢啲功能整得順手啲，令自己隻軟件有競爭力）... 等等。</li> <li><b>諗計</b>：基於頭嗰兩個步驟，諗吓件產品要點設計，仲有係「呢件產品同打前嘅同類產品比起嚟有乜優點」呀噉；例如想像一位<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="建築師">建築師</a>喺度畫<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%89%87" title="圖則">圖則</a>，描繪佢度緊嗰棟<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="建築物">建築物</a>預想中會係乜嘢樣。</li> <li><b>做決定</b>：跟住個工程師要由諗出嚟嘅計當中揀一個；喺呢個過程當中，工程師通常要搵個基準嚟<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%BA%A6" title="量度">量度</a>一個設計要點先算「好」（要<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%88%E7%8E%87" title="效率">效率</a>？定係要以第啲嘢作準？），然後揀最好嗰個設計方案。</li> <li><b>整<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%9E%8B" title="原型">原型</a></b>：然後個工程師就要郁手計劃同整返個<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%9E%8B" title="原型">原型</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>出嚟；一個原型係指一個有可能出得街、行得到嘅成品，喺打前嘅階段當中，件產品都係一件淨係概念上存在嘅物件，所以冇得攞去做測試，而一個原型係行得嘅版本，可以俾個工程師攞去做測試。用返軟件工程個例子，即係個工程師要郁手寫隻軟件嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%90%E7%A2%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="源碼">源碼</a>出嚟<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。睇埋<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="建築模型">建築模型</a>。</li> <li><b>做<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E6%B8%AC%E8%A9%A6" title="系統測試">測試</a></b>：工程師跟手就要攞個原型去做測試，實際行吓睇吓點（行起上嚟順唔順暢，同埋如果係電腦軟件嘅話，即係行起上嚟有冇 <a href="/wiki/Bug" title="Bug">bug</a>）；喺實際應用上，通常個工程師初頭都係諗住自己嗰條橋係天衣無縫嘅，但一到咗測試階段就會搵到啲意料之外嘅甩漏；如果佢發現件嘢有問題，噉就要去做重新設計，嘗試整一件冇問題嘅產品（返去步驟 3 或者 4）。</li> <li><b>發佈結果</b>：上述嘅工作冚唪唥搞掂嗮，件產品出咗街（或者正式宣告失敗）之後，工程師就要向有關人員（例如係<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E8%B3%87" title="投資">投資</a>落去呢個<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE" title="項目">項目</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD" title="企業">企業</a>）發佈成個項目嘅成果，例如係向請佢設計件產品嗰間企業嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="管理層">管理層</a>做口頭或者書面嘅報告，講吓「成個設計過程做成點」以及「件產品賣成點」等嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A" title="資訊">資訊</a>；有陣時，一個設計過程嘅結果仲會俾工程師攞去喺<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A" title="期刊">期刊</a>上面公佈。</li></ol> <p>... 等等。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/NHTSA_Crash_Test_of_the_2006_Honda_Ridgeline.ogv/500px--NHTSA_Crash_Test_of_the_2006_Honda_Ridgeline.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="500" height="281" data-durationhint="114" data-mwtitle="NHTSA_Crash_Test_of_the_2006_Honda_Ridgeline.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:NHTSA_Crash_Test_of_the_2006_Honda_Ridgeline.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/NHTSA_Crash_Test_of_the_2006_Honda_Ridgeline.ogv/NHTSA_Crash_Test_of_the_2006_Honda_Ridgeline.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/NHTSA_Crash_Test_of_the_2006_Honda_Ridgeline.ogv/NHTSA_Crash_Test_of_the_2006_Honda_Ridgeline.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/NHTSA_Crash_Test_of_the_2006_Honda_Ridgeline.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/NHTSA_Crash_Test_of_the_2006_Honda_Ridgeline.ogv/NHTSA_Crash_Test_of_the_2006_Honda_Ridgeline.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/NHTSA_Crash_Test_of_the_2006_Honda_Ridgeline.ogv/NHTSA_Crash_Test_of_the_2006_Honda_Ridgeline.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/NHTSA_Crash_Test_of_the_2006_Honda_Ridgeline.ogv/NHTSA_Crash_Test_of_the_2006_Honda_Ridgeline.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/NHTSA_Crash_Test_of_the_2006_Honda_Ridgeline.ogv/NHTSA_Crash_Test_of_the_2006_Honda_Ridgeline.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>2005 年幾場<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%9E%E6%93%8A%E6%B8%AC%E8%A9%A6" title="撞擊測試">撞擊測試</a>；喺<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="汽車工程">汽車工程</a>上，工程師通常會攞架原型去做撞擊測試（步驟 6），即係擺啲<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%9E%E6%93%8A%E6%B8%AC%E8%A9%A6%E5%81%87%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="撞擊測試假人">假人</a>喺架車裏面然後特登<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%9E%E8%BB%8A" title="撞車">撞車</a>，如果（例如）佢哋發覺撞起車上嚟啲假人會四分五裂身首異處嘅話，就知架車嘅設計唔夠安全。第啲工程學領域又有各自嘅測試方法。</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電腦模擬"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E8.85.A6.E6.A8.A1.E6.93.AC"></span>電腦模擬</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 電腦模擬"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E6%A8%A1%E6%93%AC" title="電腦模擬">電腦模擬</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="運算工程學">運算工程學</a></div> <p>廿一世紀初嘅工程學好多時都會用到<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E6%A8%A1%E6%93%AC" title="電腦模擬">電腦模擬</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>技術，尤其係喺做設計嘅諗計階段。<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="運算工程學">運算工程學</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>涉及用電腦模擬等嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="運算">運算方法</a>分析工程學上應付嘅人造系統；工程學嘅呢啲電腦模擬通常會以<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="物理學">物理學</a>知識做基礎<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，即係「分析緊個系統，個系統嘅原理涉及咗呢柞呢柞<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="物理定律">物理定律</a>，將個系統涉及嗰啲物理定律<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E7%B7%A8%E5%AF%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="程式編寫">編寫做程式</a>，再行嚟睇，就做到模擬個系統行起上嚟會係點」<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>例如廿一世紀初嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="結構分析">結構分析</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>就時不時都會用到電腦模擬：結構分析常用於<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a>－包括咗<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="結構工程">結構工程</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建築工程">建築工程</a>－指個工程師分析一個結構同埋嗰個結構嘅各橛分別受到點樣嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E8%B2%A0%E8%8D%B7" title="結構負荷">負荷</a>，以及係分析呢啲負荷會對個結構造成乜嘢影響（例如係會唔會<ruby><rb>砸</rb><rt><span>zaak<span class="Jpingtone">6</span></span></rt></ruby>冧個結構），對於建設安全嘅結構嚟講不可或缺<sup id="cite_ref-mcKenzie2013_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcKenzie2013-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，例如想像以下呢個噉嘅簡單結構，個結構係個<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E9%82%8A%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%BD%A2" title="等邊三角形">等邊三角形</a>，個工程師打算用呢個結構嚟撐住啲嘢，個結構要承受一股由上面壓落嚟嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B" title="力">力</a>，股力嘅大細係 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 10{\text{ N}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> N</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 10{\text{ N}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/20846e05bb1164bdf2b2e005715501f481cbb0f4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.649ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 10{\text{ N}}}"></span> 咁多： </p> <dl><dd><figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Truss_Structure_Analysis,_Full_Figure2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Truss_Structure_Analysis%2C_Full_Figure2.jpg" decoding="async" width="690" height="487" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></dd></dl> <p>由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="力學">力學</a>上嘅知識（作為分析基礎嘅物理學知識）已知，呢股力會造成一股<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%8A%9B" title="反作用力">反作用力</a>。而假設組成個結構嗰啲<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%91" title="樑">樑</a>夠嗮硬淨唔會變形（<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%9B%E9%AB%94" title="剛體">剛體</a>），而且啲<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E7%AF%80%E9%BB%9E" title="結構節點">節點</a>又夠勁（啲樑唔會走位），噉啲反作用力（<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\text{R}}_{A_{x}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>R</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\text{R}}_{A_{x}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a3f043b1781911e69ce42a239207bdc2e2ae84c2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.103ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\text{R}}_{A_{x}}}"></span>、<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\text{R}}_{A_{y}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>R</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\text{R}}_{A_{y}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6f61ca0375febe2ea9e2685859cee9c0c02066c2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:4.003ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\text{R}}_{A_{y}}}"></span>、<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\text{R}}_{B}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>R</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\text{R}}_{B}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bf055cc68cdb94a4bca0b2e21ee13e7f56103735" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.19ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\text{R}}_{B}}"></span>）會係噉嘅樣（想像啲節點有特殊構造）： </p> <dl><dd><figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Truss_Structure_Analysis,_FBD2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Truss_Structure_Analysis%2C_FBD2.jpg" decoding="async" width="480" height="462" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="418" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></dd></dl> <p>而按物理學上對力嘅知識，如果成個結構企到喺度唔郁（個結構會郁就表示可能會冧），噉啲力加埋嗮係 0，即係話喺 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\text{A}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>A</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\text{A}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9a3d98083f2be1ce5c681190df371d29455c2d31" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\text{A}}}"></span> 嗰點嘅力可以噉樣想像（<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{y}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{y}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/170e2b3a1ee797adf59f0a732b32eb0028e8437c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.544ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{y}}"></span> 係沿打戙嗰條軸嘅力，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{x}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{x}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0933c4941964a99c1aec59edb9e261468c4f9f49" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.667ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{x}}"></span> 係沿打橫嗰條軸嘅力，因為個結構係等邊三角形，所以每隻角嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A6" title="角度">角度</a>係 60°）： </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sum F_{y}=0=R_{Ay}+F_{AD}\sin(60)={\frac {10}{2}}+F_{AD}{\frac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}\Rightarrow F_{AD}=-{\frac {10}{\sqrt {3}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>∑</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>60</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>10</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">⇒</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>10</mn> <msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sum F_{y}=0=R_{Ay}+F_{AD}\sin(60)={\frac {10}{2}}+F_{AD}{\frac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}\Rightarrow F_{AD}=-{\frac {10}{\sqrt {3}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/43c57fac47c6a9769fe5c22a2ce4a12a20f2f908" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:66.358ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sum F_{y}=0=R_{Ay}+F_{AD}\sin(60)={\frac {10}{2}}+F_{AD}{\frac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}\Rightarrow F_{AD}=-{\frac {10}{\sqrt {3}}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sum F_{x}=0=R_{Ax}+F_{AD}\cos(60)+F_{AB}=0-{\frac {10}{\sqrt {3}}}{\frac {1}{2}}+F_{AB}\Rightarrow F_{AB}={\frac {5}{\sqrt {3}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>∑</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>60</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>10</mn> <msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">⇒</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>5</mn> <msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sum F_{x}=0=R_{Ax}+F_{AD}\cos(60)+F_{AB}=0-{\frac {10}{\sqrt {3}}}{\frac {1}{2}}+F_{AB}\Rightarrow F_{AB}={\frac {5}{\sqrt {3}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/33ba7cea95e2ef40c429fa6a7415ae64ef2316d0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:74.713ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sum F_{x}=0=R_{Ax}+F_{AD}\cos(60)+F_{AB}=0-{\frac {10}{\sqrt {3}}}{\frac {1}{2}}+F_{AB}\Rightarrow F_{AB}={\frac {5}{\sqrt {3}}}}"></span></dd> <dd><figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Truss_Structure_Analysis,_Method_of_Joints2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Truss_Structure_Analysis%2C_Method_of_Joints2.png" decoding="async" width="480" height="490" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></dd></dl> <p>... 喺另外嗰幾點嘅力可以用同樣嘅道理嚟諗。如是者，個工程師就計到嗮「每條樑會受幾多力」等嘅重要資訊。喺現實應用上，大些少嘅建築物會有成千上萬個類似噉嘅結構部件，唔可能人手計嗮。所以廿世紀末以來嘅工程師都會搵電腦模擬幫手，叫電腦自動化噉做解方程，計出結構嘅每個部分需要受幾多力同會郁幾多，知道成棟嘢會唔會因為噉而有機會冧，俾工程師做「成棟建築物噉樣起得唔得」嘅判斷。好似以上個例子噉嘅電腦模擬方法喺工程學上幫手慳咗好多時間同精神，等工程師唔使吓吓乜都靠人手計<sup id="cite_ref-mcKenzie2013_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcKenzie2013-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="主要領域"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E9.A0.98.E5.9F.9F"></span>主要領域</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 主要領域"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>工程學可以按「負責設計同研究乜嘢類型嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="系統">系統</a>」嚟分做多個子領域，包括： </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="土木工程"><span id=".E5.9C.9F.E6.9C.A8.E5.B7.A5.E7.A8.8B"></span>土木工程</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯小節: 土木工程"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>泛指設計一啲環境入面嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="結構">結構</a>嚟俾公眾用嘅工程學，包括咗係<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%A3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="水壩">水壩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%8B" title="橋">橋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E6%B2%B3" title="運河">運河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="高速公路">高速公路</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="發電廠">發電廠</a>等嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%BB%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="基建">基建</a>嘅設計同建設冚唪唥都屬於土木工程嘅範疇。呢種工程學自從<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="文明">文明</a>起源嗰時就存在，例如早喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="公元前">公元前</a>經已存在嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%B0%B4%E9%81%93" title="羅馬水道">羅馬水道</a>－<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" title="古羅馬">古羅馬</a>嘅人起嚟將<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4" title="淡水">淡水</a>引入去佢哋啲城鎮嗰度嘅－就舉世聞名，而時至今日，土木工程經已係一個複雜嘅領域，廣義上有得再細分做<sup id="cite_ref-chenliew2002_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chenliew2002-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8A%9B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土力工程">土力工程</a>：研究<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%BA" title="地基">地基</a>、堤壩等等將<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E8%B2%A0%E8%8D%B7" title="結構負荷">負重</a>傳落地嘅方法；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="水利工程">水利工程</a>：研究點樣控制<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>嘅流動，例子有起水壩同運河；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="結構工程">結構工程</a>：研究點樣令起出嚟嘅結構穩陣唔會冧；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建築工程">建築工程</a>：研究點樣<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="建築設計">設計</a>同起<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="建築物">建築物</a>；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="交通工程">交通工程</a>：研究<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="交通">交通</a>，例如係諗啲<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="馬路">馬路</a>要點設計先能夠安全噉俾啲車行；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="地震工程">地震工程</a>：研究啲結構同建築物要點設計先至能夠有效噉幫呢啲物件抵抗<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="地震">地震</a>；</li></ul> <p>... 呀噉<sup id="cite_ref-chenliew2002_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chenliew2002-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同第啲工程學領域比起嚟，土木工程嘅一個大特徵係「造原型同測試」嘅階段比較撈絞啲－土木工程師冇得話起咗成條運河出嚟先至做測試，唔似得<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="機械工程">機械工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="電機工程">電機工程</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="資訊科技">資訊科技</a>噉可以索性整嚿似成品嘅原型出嚟做測試，所以土木工程好多時會睇重用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E6%A8%A1%E6%93%AC" title="電腦模擬">電腦模擬</a>嘅技術，亦成日都會用整模型嘅方法嚟展現工程師心目中嘅成品<sup id="cite_ref-sampaio2005_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sampaio2005-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，例子可以睇吓<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%AB%94%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="立體模型">立體模型</a><sup id="cite_ref-sampaio2005_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sampaio2005-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>同埋<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="建築模型">建築模型</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242160">.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod{background:transparent;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod-title{text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod-box{float:left;border-collapse:collapse;margin:3px}.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod-box .thumb{border:1px solid #ccc;background-color:#F8F8F8;padding:0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output tr.gallery-mod-text{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output tr.gallery-mod-text .core{display:block;font-size:small;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod-text .caption{line-height:1.25em;padding:6px 6px 1px 6px;margin:0;border:none;border-width:0}.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod-footer{text-align:right;font-size:80%;line-height:1em}</style><table class="gallery-mod gallery-mod-center"><tbody><tr><td><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="著名嘅三藩市金門大橋；2007 年"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg/240px-GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg/360px-GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg/480px-GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><center>著名嘅<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%97%A9%E5%B8%82" title="三藩市">三藩市</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%96%80%E5%A4%A7%E6%A9%8B" title="金門大橋">金門大橋</a>；2007 年</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>著名嘅<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%97%A9%E5%B8%82" title="三藩市">三藩市</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%96%80%E5%A4%A7%E6%A9%8B" title="金門大橋">金門大橋</a>；2007 年</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ThreeGorgesDam-China2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="三峽大壩；2009 年"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/ThreeGorgesDam-China2009.jpg/290px-ThreeGorgesDam-China2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/ThreeGorgesDam-China2009.jpg/435px-ThreeGorgesDam-China2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/ThreeGorgesDam-China2009.jpg/580px-ThreeGorgesDam-China2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2847" data-file-height="1768" /></a><figcaption><center><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%A3%A9" title="三峽大壩">三峽大壩</a>；2009 年</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%A3%A9" title="三峽大壩">三峽大壩</a>；2009 年</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HK_KTD_Kwun_Tong_Bypass_highway_NWFBus_796P_view_in_November_2021_SS2_006.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="香港一條高速公路；2021 年"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/HK_KTD_Kwun_Tong_Bypass_highway_NWFBus_796P_view_in_November_2021_SS2_006.jpg/240px-HK_KTD_Kwun_Tong_Bypass_highway_NWFBus_796P_view_in_November_2021_SS2_006.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/HK_KTD_Kwun_Tong_Bypass_highway_NWFBus_796P_view_in_November_2021_SS2_006.jpg/360px-HK_KTD_Kwun_Tong_Bypass_highway_NWFBus_796P_view_in_November_2021_SS2_006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/HK_KTD_Kwun_Tong_Bypass_highway_NWFBus_796P_view_in_November_2021_SS2_006.jpg/480px-HK_KTD_Kwun_Tong_Bypass_highway_NWFBus_796P_view_in_November_2021_SS2_006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a><figcaption><center><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>一條<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="高速公路">高速公路</a>；2021 年</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>一條<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="高速公路">高速公路</a>；2021 年</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>土木工程上嘅工作可以按<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E5%B7%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="施工">施工</a>分做三大類－施工前、施工途中同施工後<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ul><li>施工前嘅工作包括咗「計好點樣起先會達到建築目的」同埋「去預想工地嗰度視察」呀噉，後者可以包括（例如）<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E5%9C%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%8B%98%E5%AF%9F" title="岩土工程勘察">採集預想嗰塊工地嘅泥土同岩石樣本做分析</a>，睇吓笪工地嗰啲<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E5%9C%9F" title="泥土">泥土</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="岩石">岩石</a>夠唔夠穩陣（如果唔夠，要起嘅結構就有大機會會冧或者出問題，好似係<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%96%A9%E6%96%9C%E5%A1%94" title="比薩斜塔">比薩斜塔</a>就係一個出名嘅例子）<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；</li> <li>施工途中嘅工作可以包括去工地嗰度睇吓啲<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%9B%A4%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA" title="地盤工人">工人</a>做嘢做成點，或者睇吓起緊嘅結構係咪一如預期；</li> <li>施工後嘅工作就包括要安排啲人員做<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%BF%AE" title="維修">維修</a>（例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="馬路">馬路</a>就成日會出現<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E9%99%B7" title="路陷">路陷</a>嘅問題，要搵人處理）同埋做研究（將單工程嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A" title="數據">數據</a>攞嚟後人用）<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <p>... 等等。 </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1242160"><table class="gallery-mod gallery-mod-center"><tbody><tr><td><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HK_TST_%E5%B0%96%E6%B2%99%E5%92%80_Tsim_Sha_Tsui_%E4%B9%9D%E9%BE%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92_Kln_Park_HKHDC_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E6%8E%A2%E7%9F%A5%E9%A4%A8_Hong_Kong_Heritage_Discovery_Centre_museum_August_2022_Px3_scale_model_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="一棟建築物嘅模型"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/HK_TST_%E5%B0%96%E6%B2%99%E5%92%80_Tsim_Sha_Tsui_%E4%B9%9D%E9%BE%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92_Kln_Park_HKHDC_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E6%8E%A2%E7%9F%A5%E9%A4%A8_Hong_Kong_Heritage_Discovery_Centre_museum_August_2022_Px3_scale_model_building.jpg/240px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/HK_TST_%E5%B0%96%E6%B2%99%E5%92%80_Tsim_Sha_Tsui_%E4%B9%9D%E9%BE%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92_Kln_Park_HKHDC_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E6%8E%A2%E7%9F%A5%E9%A4%A8_Hong_Kong_Heritage_Discovery_Centre_museum_August_2022_Px3_scale_model_building.jpg/360px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/HK_TST_%E5%B0%96%E6%B2%99%E5%92%80_Tsim_Sha_Tsui_%E4%B9%9D%E9%BE%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92_Kln_Park_HKHDC_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E6%8E%A2%E7%9F%A5%E9%A4%A8_Hong_Kong_Heritage_Discovery_Centre_museum_August_2022_Px3_scale_model_building.jpg/480px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><center>一棟<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="建築物">建築物</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="建築模型">模型</a></center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>一棟<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="建築物">建築物</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="建築模型">模型</a></center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shasta_dam_under_construction_new_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1942 年一個施緊工嘅水壩"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Shasta_dam_under_construction_new_edit.jpg/241px-Shasta_dam_under_construction_new_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Shasta_dam_under_construction_new_edit.jpg/362px-Shasta_dam_under_construction_new_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Shasta_dam_under_construction_new_edit.jpg/482px-Shasta_dam_under_construction_new_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6022" data-file-height="4498" /></a><figcaption><center>1942 年一個施緊工嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%A3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="水壩">水壩</a></center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>1942 年一個施緊工嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%A3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="水壩">水壩</a></center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Newport_Whitepit_Lane_pot_hole.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="呢條馬路嘅路面有路陷，要搵人修理。"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Newport_Whitepit_Lane_pot_hole.JPG/240px-Newport_Whitepit_Lane_pot_hole.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Newport_Whitepit_Lane_pot_hole.JPG/360px-Newport_Whitepit_Lane_pot_hole.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Newport_Whitepit_Lane_pot_hole.JPG/480px-Newport_Whitepit_Lane_pot_hole.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><center>呢條<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="馬路">馬路</a>嘅路面有<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E9%99%B7" title="路陷">路陷</a>，要搵人<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="修理">修理</a>。</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>呢條<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="馬路">馬路</a>嘅路面有<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E9%99%B7" title="路陷">路陷</a>，要搵人<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="修理">修理</a>。</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="機電同資訊領域"><span id=".E6.A9.9F.E9.9B.BB.E5.90.8C.E8.B3.87.E8.A8.8A.E9.A0.98.E5.9F.9F"></span>機電同資訊領域</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯小節: 機電同資訊領域"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="機械工程"><span id=".E6.A9.9F.E6.A2.B0.E5.B7.A5.E7.A8.8B"></span>機械工程</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=8" title="編輯小節: 機械工程"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="機械工程">機械工程</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="機械工程">機械工程</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>專門處理一啲力學性質嘅系統（狹義上嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0" title="機械">機械</a>），即係用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B" title="力">力</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%81%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="郁動">郁動</a>嚟達到目的嘅系統。譬如，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A" title="汽車">汽車</a>嘅設計有相當大部份都屬機械工程嘅範疇：汽車會有<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%89%93" title="摩打">摩打</a>；一般嚟講，摩打會用某啲方法產生<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E7%9F%A9" title="力矩">力矩</a>，令到某啲結構<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8B%E8%BD%89" class="mw-redirect" title="旋轉">旋轉</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；然後架車嗰啲<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E4%BB%B6" title="機件">機件</a>就會將呢股旋轉變做令<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8A%E8%BD%86" class="mw-redirect" title="車轆">車轆</a>跟住轉嘅力矩<sup id="cite_ref-stearns2006_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stearns2006-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。機械工程包含咗<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="汽車工程">汽車工程</a>：研究汽車－汽車本質上就係愛嚟載住某啲嘢喺陸地上面郁嘅，所以實會涉及力同郁動等嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="力學">力學</a>概念；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="鐵路工程">鐵路工程</a>：研究<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="鐵路">鐵路</a>－例如鐵路要一路承受住<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E8%BB%8A" title="火車">火車</a>施加嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B" title="壓力">壓力</a>；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航海工程">航海工程</a>：研究啲喺<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7" title="海">海</a>上面嘅結構同系統，包括咗<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B9" title="船">船</a>（又係要載住啲嘢郁嘅；睇<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E8%88%B9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="造船工程">造船工程</a>）同埋<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E9%91%BD%E6%B2%B9%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="海上鑽油台">海上鑽油台</a>呀噉；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航空太空工程">航空太空工程</a>：研究有關<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="飛行器">飛行器</a>嘅技術，包括咗<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F" title="飛機">飛機</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航空工程">航空工程</a>）同<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C" title="太空飛行">太空飛行</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="太空工程">太空工程</a>）；</li></ul> <p>... 呀噉。機械工程有相當多嘅機會同第啲工程領域<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E5%AD%B8%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="跨學科">有交叉</a>：例如研究<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%BD%E5%BC%95%E9%9B%BB%E6%91%A9%E6%89%93" title="牽引電摩打">牽引電摩打</a>（用嚟帶動<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="交通工具">交通工具</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%91%A9%E6%89%93" title="電摩打">電摩打</a>）就會同時涉及機械工程同埋<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="電機工程">電機工程</a>（研究用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB" title="電">電</a>嘅系統嘅工程學領域）；前者諗個摩打產生嘅力矩要點用嚟帶動車轆，後者諗個摩打點樣由電嗰度產生力矩<sup id="cite_ref-stearns2006_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stearns2006-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；又例如<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B7%E9%87%8D%E6%A9%9F" title="起重機">起重機</a>噉，起重機本質上就係一種用力嚟做嘢嘅機械，但又因為可以攞嚟幫手<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B7%E6%A8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="起樓">起樓</a>而經常喺建築工程領域上用到<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1242160"><table class="gallery-mod gallery-mod-center"><tbody><tr><td><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2008-07-04_Chevrolet_Malibu_on_I-85_in_Durham.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="一架喺馬路上行駛緊嘅汽車"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/2008-07-04_Chevrolet_Malibu_on_I-85_in_Durham.jpg/270px-2008-07-04_Chevrolet_Malibu_on_I-85_in_Durham.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/2008-07-04_Chevrolet_Malibu_on_I-85_in_Durham.jpg/405px-2008-07-04_Chevrolet_Malibu_on_I-85_in_Durham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/2008-07-04_Chevrolet_Malibu_on_I-85_in_Durham.jpg/540px-2008-07-04_Chevrolet_Malibu_on_I-85_in_Durham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1925" data-file-height="1283" /></a><figcaption><center>一架喺馬路上行駛緊嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A" title="汽車">汽車</a></center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>一架喺馬路上行駛緊嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A" title="汽車">汽車</a></center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HK_MTR_Tuen_Ma_Line_train_view_railway_near_Kam_Sheung_Road_Station_January_2024_R12S_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="鐵路要點設計先能夠長期噉承受火車嘅重量呢？"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/HK_MTR_Tuen_Ma_Line_train_view_railway_near_Kam_Sheung_Road_Station_January_2024_R12S_02.jpg/240px-HK_MTR_Tuen_Ma_Line_train_view_railway_near_Kam_Sheung_Road_Station_January_2024_R12S_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/HK_MTR_Tuen_Ma_Line_train_view_railway_near_Kam_Sheung_Road_Station_January_2024_R12S_02.jpg/360px-HK_MTR_Tuen_Ma_Line_train_view_railway_near_Kam_Sheung_Road_Station_January_2024_R12S_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/HK_MTR_Tuen_Ma_Line_train_view_railway_near_Kam_Sheung_Road_Station_January_2024_R12S_02.jpg/480px-HK_MTR_Tuen_Ma_Line_train_view_railway_near_Kam_Sheung_Road_Station_January_2024_R12S_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><center><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="鐵路">鐵路</a>要點設計先能夠長期噉承受火車嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%87%8F" title="重量">重量</a>呢？</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="鐵路">鐵路</a>要點設計先能夠長期噉承受火車嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%87%8F" title="重量">重量</a>呢？</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MS_Oasis_of_the_Seas.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="一架建造緊嘅郵輪"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/MS_Oasis_of_the_Seas.JPG/240px-MS_Oasis_of_the_Seas.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/MS_Oasis_of_the_Seas.JPG/360px-MS_Oasis_of_the_Seas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/MS_Oasis_of_the_Seas.JPG/480px-MS_Oasis_of_the_Seas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><center>一架建造緊嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%B5%E8%BC%AA" title="郵輪">郵輪</a></center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>一架建造緊嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%B5%E8%BC%AA" title="郵輪">郵輪</a></center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1242160"><table class="gallery-mod gallery-mod-center"><tbody><tr><td><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HK_Sham_Shui_Po_%E9%95%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%81%A3%E9%81%93_Cheung_Sha_Wan_Road_Cranes_China_State_Construction.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="建築施工成日都會用到起重機。"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/HK_Sham_Shui_Po_%E9%95%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%81%A3%E9%81%93_Cheung_Sha_Wan_Road_Cranes_China_State_Construction.JPG/240px-HK_Sham_Shui_Po_%E9%95%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%81%A3%E9%81%93_Cheung_Sha_Wan_Road_Cranes_China_State_Construction.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/HK_Sham_Shui_Po_%E9%95%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%81%A3%E9%81%93_Cheung_Sha_Wan_Road_Cranes_China_State_Construction.JPG/360px-HK_Sham_Shui_Po_%E9%95%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%81%A3%E9%81%93_Cheung_Sha_Wan_Road_Cranes_China_State_Construction.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/HK_Sham_Shui_Po_%E9%95%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%81%A3%E9%81%93_Cheung_Sha_Wan_Road_Cranes_China_State_Construction.JPG/480px-HK_Sham_Shui_Po_%E9%95%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%81%A3%E9%81%93_Cheung_Sha_Wan_Road_Cranes_China_State_Construction.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><center><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E6%96%BD%E5%B7%A5" title="建築施工">建築施工</a>成日都會用到<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B7%E9%87%8D%E6%A9%9F" title="起重機">起重機</a>。</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E6%96%BD%E5%B7%A5" title="建築施工">建築施工</a>成日都會用到<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B7%E9%87%8D%E6%A9%9F" title="起重機">起重機</a>。</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cshaft_18_frame.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="往復式引擎嘅原理圖解；啲活塞嘅往復摥動帶動旋轉。"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cshaft_18_frame.gif/239px-Cshaft_18_frame.gif" decoding="async" width="239" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cshaft_18_frame.gif/359px-Cshaft_18_frame.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cshaft_18_frame.gif/479px-Cshaft_18_frame.gif 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption><center><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%80%E5%BE%A9%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E" title="往復式引擎">往復式引擎</a>嘅原理圖解；<br />啲<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%A1%9E" title="活塞">活塞</a>嘅往復摥動帶動旋轉。</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%80%E5%BE%A9%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E" title="往復式引擎">往復式引擎</a>嘅原理圖解；<br />啲<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%A1%9E" title="活塞">活塞</a>嘅往復摥動帶動旋轉。</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="電機工程"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E6.A9.9F.E5.B7.A5.E7.A8.8B"></span>電機工程</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=9" title="編輯小節: 電機工程"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="電機工程">電機工程</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="電機工程">電機工程</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>最廣義上包嗮所有啲用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB" title="電">電</a>嚟做嘢嘅人造系統（可以睇埋<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F" title="電機">電機</a>），例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%91%A9%E6%89%93" title="電摩打">電摩打</a>就涉及靠電嚟產生<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E7%9F%A9" title="力矩">力矩</a>推喐或者剎停旋轉，並且用呢股力矩嚟做嘢（想像一架<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%99%E6%8E%A7%E8%BB%8A" title="遙控車">遙控車</a>入咗<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8A%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="電芯">電芯</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%89%E9%9B%BB" title="叉電">叉好電</a>，開掣之後佢個電摩打就識靠<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%83%BD" title="電能">電能</a>嚟產生力矩，推喐架車嘅車轆旋轉）<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。電機工程包括咗<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="電力工程">電力工程</a>：研究<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B" title="電力">電力</a>－由<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="發電廠">發電廠</a>嘅設計（發電廠嘅設計可以對間廠嘅效率有深遠嘅影響）到<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%B7%9A" title="電線">電線</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%BA%9C" title="電纜">電纜</a>嘅設計（呢啲嘢嘅設計會影響有幾多電力因為<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E9%98%BB" title="電阻">電阻</a>而散失）都包<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="電子工程">電子工程</a>：研究點樣設計<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%85%83%E4%BB%B6" title="電子元件">電子元件</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF" title="電子電路">電子電路</a>呢啲用電嚟傳達<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%8A%E8%99%9F" title="訊號">訊號</a>嘅嘢，呢啲嘢對廿一世紀初嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" title="通訊">通訊</a>嚟講係不可或缺；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A8%8A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="電訊工程">電訊工程</a>：研究點樣設計啲<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A8%8A" title="電訊">電訊</a>相關嘅系統，憑電線、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%BA%96" title="光纖">光纖</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB" title="無線電">無線電</a>等嘅媒介傳達<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A" title="資訊">資訊</a>嘅<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="電腦工程">電腦工程</a>：涉及設計<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6" title="電腦硬件">電腦硬件</a>－廿一世紀初嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" title="電腦">電腦</a>絕大多數都係用電子電路嚟做<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="運算">運算</a>嘅<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；</li></ul> <p>... 呀噉。電機工程又係有好多機會同第啲工程學合作，例如係<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%85%A4%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0" title="燃煤發電廠">燃煤發電廠</a>嘅設計噉，燃煤發電廠係指靠燒<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A4" title="煤">煤</a>嚟產生電力嘅發電廠，一講到發電，都實會褦到電力工程，但另一方面，又有研究嘗試思考點樣令燒煤（一種<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="化學反應">化學反應</a>）嘅過程出少啲<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="空氣污染">空氣污染</a>－即係話掂到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化學工程">化學工程</a>（研究化學反應嘅工程學領域）嘅嘢<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1242160"><table class="gallery-mod gallery-mod-center"><tbody><tr><td><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wind_power_plants_in_Xinjiang,_China.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="用嚟發電嘅風力渦輪"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Wind_power_plants_in_Xinjiang%2C_China.jpg/271px-Wind_power_plants_in_Xinjiang%2C_China.jpg" decoding="async" width="271" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Wind_power_plants_in_Xinjiang%2C_China.jpg/406px-Wind_power_plants_in_Xinjiang%2C_China.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Wind_power_plants_in_Xinjiang%2C_China.jpg/542px-Wind_power_plants_in_Xinjiang%2C_China.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><center>用嚟<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB" title="發電">發電</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E5%8A%9B%E6%B8%A6%E8%BC%AA" title="風力渦輪">風力渦輪</a></center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>用嚟<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB" title="發電">發電</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E5%8A%9B%E6%B8%A6%E8%BC%AA" title="風力渦輪">風力渦輪</a></center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_Cape_Town_12.02.2007_16-41-31.2007_16-41-33.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="一間燃煤發電廠要點設計先可以出多啲電力呢？"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Greater_Cape_Town_12.02.2007_16-41-31.2007_16-41-33.JPG/240px-Greater_Cape_Town_12.02.2007_16-41-31.2007_16-41-33.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Greater_Cape_Town_12.02.2007_16-41-31.2007_16-41-33.JPG/360px-Greater_Cape_Town_12.02.2007_16-41-31.2007_16-41-33.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Greater_Cape_Town_12.02.2007_16-41-31.2007_16-41-33.JPG/480px-Greater_Cape_Town_12.02.2007_16-41-31.2007_16-41-33.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><center>一間<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%85%A4%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0" title="燃煤發電廠">燃煤發電廠</a>要點設計先可以出多啲<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B" title="電力">電力</a>呢？</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>一間<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%85%A4%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0" title="燃煤發電廠">燃煤發電廠</a>要點設計先可以出多啲<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B" title="電力">電力</a>呢？</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_TRANSMISSION_TOWER_IN_SHENZHEN_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="架空電纜要點設計先能夠有效保存電力呢？"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/A_TRANSMISSION_TOWER_IN_SHENZHEN_%284%29.jpg/270px-A_TRANSMISSION_TOWER_IN_SHENZHEN_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/A_TRANSMISSION_TOWER_IN_SHENZHEN_%284%29.jpg/405px-A_TRANSMISSION_TOWER_IN_SHENZHEN_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/A_TRANSMISSION_TOWER_IN_SHENZHEN_%284%29.jpg/540px-A_TRANSMISSION_TOWER_IN_SHENZHEN_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4480" /></a><figcaption><center><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%B6%E7%A9%BA%E9%9B%BB%E7%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="架空電纜">架空電纜</a>要點設計先能夠有效保存<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B" title="電力">電力</a>呢？</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%B6%E7%A9%BA%E9%9B%BB%E7%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="架空電纜">架空電纜</a>要點設計先能夠有效保存<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B" title="電力">電力</a>呢？</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1242160"><table class="gallery-mod gallery-mod-center"><tbody><tr><td><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Back_(5581371676).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="一塊電子電路；廿一世紀初嘅電腦就係用呢啲噉嘅電路做運算嘅。"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Back_%285581371676%29.jpg/240px-Back_%285581371676%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Back_%285581371676%29.jpg/360px-Back_%285581371676%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Back_%285581371676%29.jpg/480px-Back_%285581371676%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><center>一塊<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF" title="電子電路">電子電路</a>；<br />廿一世紀初嘅電腦就係用呢啲噉嘅電路做<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="運算">運算</a>嘅。</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>一塊<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF" title="電子電路">電子電路</a>；<br />廿一世紀初嘅電腦就係用呢啲噉嘅電路做<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="運算">運算</a>嘅。</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nintendo-Switch-Pro-Controller-FL.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="一個任天堂 Switch 嘅手掣；呢啲手掣就係靠電子電路嚟傳訊號嘅。"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Nintendo-Switch-Pro-Controller-FL.jpg/232px-Nintendo-Switch-Pro-Controller-FL.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Nintendo-Switch-Pro-Controller-FL.jpg/347px-Nintendo-Switch-Pro-Controller-FL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Nintendo-Switch-Pro-Controller-FL.jpg/463px-Nintendo-Switch-Pro-Controller-FL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3500" /></a><figcaption><center>一個<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%BB%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82_Switch" class="mw-redirect" title="任天堂 Switch">任天堂 Switch</a> 嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%99%A8" title="遊戲控制器">手掣</a>；<br />呢啲手掣就係靠電子電路嚟傳<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%8A%E8%99%9F" title="訊號">訊號</a>嘅。</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>一個<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%BB%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82_Switch" class="mw-redirect" title="任天堂 Switch">任天堂 Switch</a> 嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%99%A8" title="遊戲控制器">手掣</a>；<br />呢啲手掣就係靠電子電路嚟傳<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%8A%E8%99%9F" title="訊號">訊號</a>嘅<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="資訊科技"><span id=".E8.B3.87.E8.A8.8A.E7.A7.91.E6.8A.80"></span>資訊科技</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=10" title="編輯小節: 資訊科技"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="資訊科技">資訊科技</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="電腦科學">電腦科學</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="資訊科技">資訊科技</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>泛指靠利用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="電腦科學">電腦科學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A8%8A" title="電訊">電訊</a>上嘅知識嚟設計、開發、安裝同實施<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="資訊系統">資訊系統</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="應用軟件">應用軟件</a>，簡單講即係「靠處理<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A" title="資訊">資訊</a>嚟達到目的嘅系統」。資訊科技嘅範疇可以包括一啲摸得到嘅系統，例如係<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="數據中心">數據中心</a>嗰啲一部部嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" title="電腦">電腦</a>同埋係<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6" title="電腦硬件">電腦硬件</a>噉<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；另一方面，資訊科技又包埋一啲摸唔到嘅系統，例如係<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6" title="電腦軟件">電腦軟件</a>噉，電腦軟件涉及一柞<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="演算法">演算法</a>（教目標做<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="運算">運算</a>嘅指示），可以攞嚟喺電腦（曉做運算嘅機械）嗰度行，令電腦做出想要嘅工作－喺最抽象嘅層面睇，唔同類嘅電腦（廿一世紀初主流用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%B8" title="電子學">電子</a>電腦，但有人開始研究<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="量子電腦">量子電腦</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" title="生物電腦">生物電腦</a>）只要能夠做出同樣嘅運算（例如都識計<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0" title="加">加</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%9B" title="減">減</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%98" title="乘">乘</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%A4" title="除">除</a>）就行到同一柞演算法。設計呢啲硬件同軟件系統嘅過程都會用到工程學設計過程<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>資訊科技包括咗： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="資訊系統">資訊系統</a>：指一個<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="組織">組織</a>入面專門設計嚟收集、處理、儲起同散佈資訊嘅正式系統，用途通常係要嚟支援嗰個組織嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="管理者">管理者</a>做決策，例如係喺一個<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0" title="空軍基地">空軍基地</a>裏面，會有系統用嚟向工作人員傳達「基地每架<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F" title="飛機">飛機</a>喺邊同做緊乜」等嘅重要有用資訊<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="軟件工程">軟件工程</a>：研究點樣去有規範化噉開發同埋維護電腦軟件，包括咗<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E8%A3%BD%E4%BD%9C" title="電子遊戲製作">電子遊戲製作</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%89%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="保安工程">保安工程</a>：研究點樣令資訊系統更加安全，冇咁易俾人（好似係<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%AE%A2" title="黑客">黑客</a>呀噉）偷走啲敏感資訊，例子有<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E7%A2%BC%E5%AD%B8" title="密碼學">密碼學</a>上嘅技術<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <p>... 呀噉。 </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1242160"><table class="gallery-mod gallery-mod-center"><tbody><tr><td><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CERN_Server_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2009 年一個數據中心"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/CERN_Server_03.jpg/270px-CERN_Server_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/CERN_Server_03.jpg/405px-CERN_Server_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/CERN_Server_03.jpg/540px-CERN_Server_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3984" data-file-height="2656" /></a><figcaption><center>2009 年一個<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="數據中心">數據中心</a></center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>2009 年一個<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="數據中心">數據中心</a></center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CIMACT_AF_APP2_2011-04-11.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2011 年一個北約空軍基地；電腦向工作人員傳達各種資訊。"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/CIMACT_AF_APP2_2011-04-11.jpg/240px-CIMACT_AF_APP2_2011-04-11.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/CIMACT_AF_APP2_2011-04-11.jpg/360px-CIMACT_AF_APP2_2011-04-11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/CIMACT_AF_APP2_2011-04-11.jpg/480px-CIMACT_AF_APP2_2011-04-11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><center>2011 年一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="北約">北約</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0" title="空軍基地">空軍基地</a>；<br />電腦向工作人員傳達各種資訊。</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>2011 年一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="北約">北約</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0" title="空軍基地">空軍基地</a>；<br />電腦向工作人員傳達各種資訊。</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coding_Shots_Annual_Plan_high_res-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="一位軟件工程師喺度寫程式。"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Coding_Shots_Annual_Plan_high_res-5.jpg/270px-Coding_Shots_Annual_Plan_high_res-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Coding_Shots_Annual_Plan_high_res-5.jpg/405px-Coding_Shots_Annual_Plan_high_res-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Coding_Shots_Annual_Plan_high_res-5.jpg/540px-Coding_Shots_Annual_Plan_high_res-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption><center>一位<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%AB" title="軟件工程師">軟件工程師</a>喺度<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%AB%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="寫程式">寫程式</a>。</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>一位<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%AB" title="軟件工程師">軟件工程師</a>喺度<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%AB%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="寫程式">寫程式</a>。</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="跨越機電"><span id=".E8.B7.A8.E8.B6.8A.E6.A9.9F.E9.9B.BB"></span>跨越機電</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=11" title="編輯小節: 跨越機電"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="機械電子工程">機械電子工程</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E4%BA%BA%E5%AD%B8" title="機械人學">機械人學</a></div> <p>上述嗰幾個工程領域可以結合：電機工程涉及用電嚟轉換、傳達<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%8A%E8%99%9F" title="訊號">訊號</a>同埋執行動作（<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E6%84%9F%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="傳感器">傳感器</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%B7%E8%A1%8C%E5%99%A8" title="執行器">執行器</a>），而資訊科技可以攞嚟開發<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="電腦程序">電腦程序</a>嚟控制啲過程，結合埋一齊嘅話，呢啲技術可以做到控制<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="機械人">機械人</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E7%9F%A5" title="感知">感知</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，由「感知到乜嘢」計出「跟住落嚟要點郁」，再將呢啲資訊轉做訊號傳達俾部機械人嗰啲執行部件，例如係<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E6%89%8B%E8%87%82" title="機械手臂">機械手臂</a>噉，教部機械人要點郁。係噉嘅話，呢啲工作就褦到機械工程（要設計機械手臂等郁得嘅部件）、電子工程（揀啲啱嘅傳感器同埋執行器）同<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="控制理論">控制理論</a>等等嘅領域<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>因為噉，有一啲工程學領域就專門研究機械同電機等嘅呢啲系統要點樣結合：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="機械電子工程">機械電子工程</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>係一門<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E5%AD%B8%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="跨學科">跨學科</a>嘅工程學領域，研究點樣結合<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="力學">力學</a>系統、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F" title="電機">電機</a>系統同埋<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%B8" title="電子學">電子</a>系統嘅<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；而<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E4%BA%BA%E5%AD%B8" title="機械人學">機械人學</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>都係一門跨學科領域，專門研究點整機械人嘅，亦都可以算係機械工程、電機工程同埋電腦科學嘅交叉學科<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1242160"><table class="gallery-mod gallery-mod-center"><tbody><tr><td><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robot_hand_-_VivaTech_(47816344952).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="一隻靠電子訊號控制佢郁嘅機械手臂"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Robot_hand_-_VivaTech_%2847816344952%29.jpg/270px-Robot_hand_-_VivaTech_%2847816344952%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Robot_hand_-_VivaTech_%2847816344952%29.jpg/405px-Robot_hand_-_VivaTech_%2847816344952%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Robot_hand_-_VivaTech_%2847816344952%29.jpg/540px-Robot_hand_-_VivaTech_%2847816344952%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption><center>一隻靠電子訊號控制佢郁嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E6%89%8B%E8%87%82" title="機械手臂">機械手臂</a></center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>一隻靠電子訊號控制佢郁嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E6%89%8B%E8%87%82" title="機械手臂">機械手臂</a></center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICub_Innorobo_Lyon_2014.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="一部整到好似人噉嘅形狀嘅機械人"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/ICub_Innorobo_Lyon_2014.JPG/203px-ICub_Innorobo_Lyon_2014.JPG" decoding="async" width="203" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/ICub_Innorobo_Lyon_2014.JPG/304px-ICub_Innorobo_Lyon_2014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/ICub_Innorobo_Lyon_2014.JPG/405px-ICub_Innorobo_Lyon_2014.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3037" data-file-height="2697" /></a><figcaption><center>一部整到<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%BD%A2%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="人形機械人">好似人噉嘅形狀</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="機械人">機械人</a></center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>一部整到<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%BD%A2%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="人形機械人">好似人噉嘅形狀</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="機械人">機械人</a></center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sophia_(robot).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2018 年喺《AI for Good》峰會嘅機械人蘇菲亞；佢內置人工智能，曉用語言同人傾偈。"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Sophia_%28robot%29.jpg/270px-Sophia_%28robot%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Sophia_%28robot%29.jpg/405px-Sophia_%28robot%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Sophia_%28robot%29.jpg/540px-Sophia_%28robot%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5040" data-file-height="3360" /></a><figcaption><center>2018 年喺《AI for Good》峰會嘅機械人<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%8F%B2%E4%BA%9E_(%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E4%BA%BA)" title="蘇菲亞 (機械人)">蘇菲亞</a>；<br />佢內置<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">人工智能</a>，曉<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="自然語言處理">用語言</a>同人傾偈。</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>2018 年喺《AI for Good》峰會嘅機械人<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%8F%B2%E4%BA%9E_(%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E4%BA%BA)" title="蘇菲亞 (機械人)">蘇菲亞</a>；<br />佢內置<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">人工智能</a>，曉<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="自然語言處理">用語言</a>同人傾偈。</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="化學工程"><span id=".E5.8C.96.E5.AD.B8.E5.B7.A5.E7.A8.8B"></span>化學工程</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=12" title="編輯小節: 化學工程"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化學工程">化學工程</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化學工程">化學工程</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，簡稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%B7%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="化工">化工</a>，專門思考工程設計當中用到嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="化學反應">化學反應</a>，包括思考點樣<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2" title="生產">生產</a>有用嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="化合物">化合物</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" title="工業">工業</a>上有好多重要嘅生產過程都涉及化學反應，簡單嘅例子有由一啲<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="原材料">原材料</a>嗰度做化學反應，整出想要嘅有用<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="材料">材料</a>，淨係呢樣嘢經已可以大把嘢搞－有好多化學反應都係需要喺適當嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="溫度">溫度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B" title="壓力">壓力</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%8A%91" title="催化劑">催化劑</a>環境之下先至發生得到嘅，而且就算一場化學反應行到，場反應嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E9%80%9F%E7%8E%87" title="化學反應速率">速率</a>可能都會因為溫度等嘅條件唔啱而唔夠快，唔夠快就表示生產效率會唔夠高；因為噉，化學工程係一門相當專業化嘅領域，專職做化工嘅工程師要好熟識好多種反學化應嘅特性（需要乜環境條件先行到，仲有係啲反應喺乜情況之下行得最快... 呀噉），用呢啲知識嚟幫手設計相關嘅系統<sup id="cite_ref-coulson2001_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coulson2001-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>化工包括咗好幾門嘅子領域： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="生化工程">生化工程</a>：研究涉及<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="有機分子">有機分子</a>甚至<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a>嘅化工過程－例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%A2%E9%A3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="嘢食">嘢食</a>嘅生產基本上實會用到有機分子（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%B4%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="碳水化合物">碳水化合物</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA" title="蛋白質">蛋白質</a>都係有機分子）<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化學反應工程">化學反應工程</a>：研究<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E5%99%A8" title="化學反應器">化學反應器</a>嘅設計，以及諗係呢啲反應器嘅設計（例如做唔做到保持溫度恆定）會點影響生產效率等等<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="石油工程">石油工程</a>：涉及研究<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油">石油</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%A3" title="天然氣">天然氣</a>等嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="化石燃料">化石燃料</a>相關嘅化學反應；</li></ul> <p>... 呀噉。 </p> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1242160"><table class="gallery-mod gallery-mod-center"><tbody><tr><td><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ProductionCookies.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="一間工廠喺度生產曲奇餅，2007 年；啲醬嘅化學成份（化學成份會影響味道）啱唔啱呢？"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/ProductionCookies.jpg/283px-ProductionCookies.jpg" decoding="async" width="283" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/ProductionCookies.jpg/424px-ProductionCookies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/ProductionCookies.jpg/566px-ProductionCookies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="564" /></a><figcaption><center>一間工廠喺度生產<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E5%A5%87%E9%A4%85" class="mw-redirect" title="曲奇餅">曲奇餅</a>，2007 年；<br />啲<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="醬">醬</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%88%90%E4%BB%BD" title="化學成份">化學成份</a>（化學成份會影響<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%B3%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="味道">味道</a>）啱唔啱呢？</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>一間工廠喺度生產<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E5%A5%87%E9%A4%85" class="mw-redirect" title="曲奇餅">曲奇餅</a>，2007 年；<br />啲<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="醬">醬</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%88%90%E4%BB%BD" title="化學成份">化學成份</a>（化學成份會影響<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%B3%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="味道">味道</a>）啱唔啱呢？</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coflux_jacket.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="一個化學反應器嘅圖解；生產者會將原材料倒入去，等一段時間後啲材料會做反應變成想要嘅物質。"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Coflux_jacket.JPG/240px-Coflux_jacket.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Coflux_jacket.JPG/360px-Coflux_jacket.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Coflux_jacket.JPG/480px-Coflux_jacket.JPG 2x" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption><center>一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E5%99%A8" title="化學反應器">化學反應器</a>嘅圖解；生產者會將原材料倒入去，等一段時間後啲材料會做反應變成想要嘅物質。</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E5%99%A8" title="化學反應器">化學反應器</a>嘅圖解；生產者會將原材料倒入去，等一段時間後啲材料會做反應變成想要嘅物質。</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Texas_Pumpjack.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="2008 年一個油井；石油開採咗出嚟可以透過化學反應變做第啲有用嘅物質，例如塑膠。"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/West_Texas_Pumpjack.JPG/240px-West_Texas_Pumpjack.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/West_Texas_Pumpjack.JPG/360px-West_Texas_Pumpjack.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/West_Texas_Pumpjack.JPG/480px-West_Texas_Pumpjack.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption><center>2008 年一個<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E4%BA%95" title="油井">油井</a>；石油開採咗出嚟可以透過化學反應變做第啲有用嘅物質，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%91%E8%86%A0" title="塑膠">塑膠</a>。</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>2008 年一個<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E4%BA%95" title="油井">油井</a>；石油開採咗出嚟可以透過化學反應變做第啲有用嘅物質，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%91%E8%86%A0" title="塑膠">塑膠</a>。</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="材料科學"><span id=".E6.9D.90.E6.96.99.E7.A7.91.E5.AD.B8"></span>材料科學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=13" title="編輯小節: 材料科學"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="材料科學">材料科學</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="材料科學">材料科學</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>係專門研究材料嘅一門工程學領域：無論係建築物等嘅結構定係各種嘅機械都好，工程學上研究嗰啲物品都梗係要用某啲材料造嘅；同時，唔同材料嘅特性可以好唔同，例如對比<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8" title="木">木</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%BC" title="鋼">鋼</a>呢兩種材料，有研究嘗試用模擬<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="地震">地震</a>，睇吓用木搭出嚟嘅結構同用鋼搭出嚟嘅結構對地震有幾強嘅抵抗力，發現木抵受地震嘅能力勁啲（用木搭出嚟嘅結構要用勁啲嘅模擬地震先至整得冧）<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，所以有研究者主張喺有地震危險嘅地區（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" title="美國">美國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="加州">加州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD" title="紐西蘭">紐西蘭</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>呀噉），建築物應該多啲用木嚟起<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；材料科學研究嘅就係唔同材料嘅特性有乜差異，以及係呢啲差異會點影響邊隻材料啱攞嚟做乜嘢用途<sup id="cite_ref-ashby2007_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashby2007-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>材料科學又係可以分做好幾個子領域<sup id="cite_ref-ashby2007_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashby2007-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="材料物理學">材料物理學</a>：研究唔同材料嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="物理特性">物理特性</a>，即係指啲材料唔使靠化學反應就會展現出嚟嘅特性，好似係<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a>（例：密度會影響隻材料有幾重）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E9%BB%9E" title="熔點">熔點</a>（例：熔點低得滯就表示隻材料喺<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%87%AD" title="火燭">火燭</a>嗰陣可能會<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94" title="熔">熔</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E5%BA%A6" title="硬度">硬度</a>（例：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%9D%E7%94%B2" title="裝甲">裝甲</a>一般係愈硬淨愈理想）同埋<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="電導率">電導率</a>（例：對電機工程嚟講，「一種材料過起電上嚟順唔順暢」好緊要）呀噉<sup id="cite_ref-ashby2007_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashby2007-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="材料化學">材料化學</a>：研究唔同材料嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="化學特性">化學特性</a>，即係指啲材料喺化學反應當中展現嘅特性，包括咗<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7" title="毒性">毒性</a>－有毒嘅物質之所以能夠傷害一隻生物，好多時係因為嗰種物質能夠同隻生物嘅身體某啲部份起化學反應，搞到嗰啲身體部份變成第啲物質並且因而喪失原有嘅功能；假如有種材料係對人有毒嘅，噉隻材料就唔啱攞嚟整好似係<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%AB" title="衫">衫</a>呢啲一般人日常會接觸到嘅嘢<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%AD%B8" title="冶金學">冶金學</a>：研究點樣由<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E7%9F%B3" title="礦石">礦石</a>度抽出有用嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="金屬">金屬</a>或者金屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="化合物">化合物</a>－呢個過程可以用到好多化工相關嘅技術。</li></ul> <p>... 等等。 </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1242160"><table class="gallery-mod gallery-mod-center"><tbody><tr><td><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NEW_BEER_BOTTLES_ON_ASSEMBLY_LINE_AFTER_BEING_MOLDED_FROM_100%5E_OLD_GLASS._PART_OF_A_NEW_GLASS_RECYCLING_PROCESS_FOR..._-_NARA_-_543703.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="一間工廠喺度生產玻璃樽，1972 年；玻璃係一種常用嘅材料。"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/NEW_BEER_BOTTLES_ON_ASSEMBLY_LINE_AFTER_BEING_MOLDED_FROM_100%5E_OLD_GLASS._PART_OF_A_NEW_GLASS_RECYCLING_PROCESS_FOR..._-_NARA_-_543703.jpg/265px-NEW_BEER_BOTTLES_ON_ASSEMBLY_LINE_AFTER_BEING_MOLDED_FROM_100%5E_OLD_GLASS._PART_OF_A_NEW_GLASS_RECYCLING_PROCESS_FOR..._-_NARA_-_543703.jpg" decoding="async" width="265" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/NEW_BEER_BOTTLES_ON_ASSEMBLY_LINE_AFTER_BEING_MOLDED_FROM_100%5E_OLD_GLASS._PART_OF_A_NEW_GLASS_RECYCLING_PROCESS_FOR..._-_NARA_-_543703.jpg/398px-NEW_BEER_BOTTLES_ON_ASSEMBLY_LINE_AFTER_BEING_MOLDED_FROM_100%5E_OLD_GLASS._PART_OF_A_NEW_GLASS_RECYCLING_PROCESS_FOR..._-_NARA_-_543703.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/NEW_BEER_BOTTLES_ON_ASSEMBLY_LINE_AFTER_BEING_MOLDED_FROM_100%5E_OLD_GLASS._PART_OF_A_NEW_GLASS_RECYCLING_PROCESS_FOR..._-_NARA_-_543703.jpg/530px-NEW_BEER_BOTTLES_ON_ASSEMBLY_LINE_AFTER_BEING_MOLDED_FROM_100%5E_OLD_GLASS._PART_OF_A_NEW_GLASS_RECYCLING_PROCESS_FOR..._-_NARA_-_543703.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2037" /></a><figcaption><center>一間工廠喺度生產<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83%E6%A8%BD" title="玻璃樽">玻璃樽</a>，1972 年；<br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83" title="玻璃">玻璃</a>係一種常用嘅材料。</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>一間工廠喺度生產<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83%E6%A8%BD" title="玻璃樽">玻璃樽</a>，1972 年；<br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83" title="玻璃">玻璃</a>係一種常用嘅材料。</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Campfires_burning_wood_pits.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="木查實可以好硬淨，但「容易著火」呢點喺好多應用（例如建築）當中都係個大缺點。"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Campfires_burning_wood_pits.jpg/240px-Campfires_burning_wood_pits.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Campfires_burning_wood_pits.jpg/360px-Campfires_burning_wood_pits.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Campfires_burning_wood_pits.jpg/480px-Campfires_burning_wood_pits.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><center>木查實可以好硬淨，但「容易<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%97%E7%81%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="著火">著火</a>」呢點喺好多應用（例如建築）當中都係個大缺點。</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>木查實可以好硬淨，但「容易<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%97%E7%81%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="著火">著火</a>」呢點喺好多應用（例如建築）當中都係個大缺點。</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:320px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2006-02-15_Piping.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="鋼硬淨、唔易著火又冇乜毒性，成日俾人攞嚟做建築材料。"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/2006-02-15_Piping.jpg/240px-2006-02-15_Piping.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/2006-02-15_Piping.jpg/360px-2006-02-15_Piping.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/2006-02-15_Piping.jpg/480px-2006-02-15_Piping.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><center>鋼硬淨、唔易著火又冇乜毒性，<br />成日俾人攞嚟做<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="建築材料">建築材料</a>。</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:307px"><center>鋼硬淨、唔易著火又冇乜毒性，<br />成日俾人攞嚟做<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="建築材料">建築材料</a>。</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="同科學嘅拏褦"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E7.A7.91.E5.AD.B8.E5.98.85.E6.8B.8F.E8.A4.A6"></span>同科學嘅拏褦</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=14" title="編輯小節: 同科學嘅拏褦"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <blockquote class="toccolours" style="float: none; padding: 0.3em 1em;"> <p>「<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="科學家">科學家</a>研究已有嘅世界；<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%AB" title="工程師">工程師</a>創造從來未有過嘅世界。」<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>—<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E9%96%80" title="西奧多·馮·卡門">西奧多·馮·卡門</a><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA" title="匈牙利人">匈牙利裔</a>美國<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="數學家">數學家</a>兼<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="物理學家">物理學家</a> </dd></dl></blockquote> <p>工程學本質上係一門<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="應用科學">將科學知識攞嚟做應用嘅領域</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="同數學"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E6.95.B8.E5.AD.B8"></span>同數學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=15" title="編輯小節: 同數學"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plasticity.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Plasticity.jpg/300px-Plasticity.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Plasticity.jpg/450px-Plasticity.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Plasticity.jpg/600px-Plasticity.jpg 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>一位工程師喺度用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6" title="電腦軟件">軟件</a>嚟分析一嚿<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E5%85%83%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="結構元件">結構元件</a>－工程學上分析嘅量正路係要用<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8" title="數">數</a>嚟表達先夠精確。</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="工程數學">工程數學</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="應用數學">應用數學</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="數學">數學</a>研究嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="數量">數量</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" title="空間">空間</a>等嘅概念對工程學嚟講都好緊要。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="工程數學">工程數學</a>泛指工程學上用嘅數學知識，係工程學教育必備嘅一部份。 </p> <blockquote><p><b>例：數學分析</b><br /> </p><p>例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="數學分析">數學分析</a><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>上嘅技術就成日俾人攞嚟分析工程學上嘅系統<sup id="cite_ref-jinjin2007_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jinjin2007-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>：數學分析包括咗<a href="/wiki/%E7%9E%AC%E9%96%93%E8%AE%8A%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="瞬間變率">瞬間變率</a><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>嘅諗頭；而家想像有一個隨時間（<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}"></span>）變化嘅數量 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5bf044fe2fbfc4bd8d6d7230f4108430263f9fd6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.927ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(t)}"></span>，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5bf044fe2fbfc4bd8d6d7230f4108430263f9fd6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.927ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(t)}"></span> 嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8E%E6%95%B8" title="導數">導數</a>（derivative）係 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f'(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f'(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c2b503f27f6df6a6fbc77596c078bb6a25311557" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.654ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f'(t)}"></span>，當中 </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}f'(t)&=\lim _{h\to 0}{\frac {f(t+h)-f(t)}{h}}={\frac {dy}{dt}}\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>h</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </munder> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>h</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}f'(t)&=\lim _{h\to 0}{\frac {f(t+h)-f(t)}{h}}={\frac {dy}{dt}}\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a653a72f805c4defaaf1c316e8ede4374078706c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.087ex; margin-bottom: -0.251ex; width:34.32ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}f'(t)&=\lim _{h\to 0}{\frac {f(t+h)-f(t)}{h}}={\frac {dy}{dt}}\end{aligned}}}"></span></dd></dl><p> 當中 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>h</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b26be3e694314bc90c3215047e4a2010c6ee184a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h}"></span> 嘅數值係<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%AA%AE%E5%B0%8F%E9%87%8F" title="無窮小量">無窮小量</a><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>－<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h>0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>h</mi> <mo>></mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h>0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cbddb7a5cca6170575e4e73e769fbb434c2a3d71" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.6ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h>0}"></span>，但<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E9%99%90" class="mw-redirect" title="無限">無限</a>咁接近 0。<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f'(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f'(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c2b503f27f6df6a6fbc77596c078bb6a25311557" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.654ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f'(t)}"></span> 反映咗 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5bf044fe2fbfc4bd8d6d7230f4108430263f9fd6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.927ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(t)}"></span> 嘅瞬間變率－瞬間變率係指喺一剎那時間之間，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5bf044fe2fbfc4bd8d6d7230f4108430263f9fd6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.927ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(t)}"></span> 嘅數值變咗幾多<sup id="cite_ref-jinjin2007_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jinjin2007-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p></blockquote> <blockquote><p><b>例子：化學反應率</b><br /> </p><p>導數嘅概念喺工程學上好有用，可以攞嚟計好多嘢，例如係<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%B7%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="化工">化工</a>上成日要諗嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="化學反應率">化學反應率</a>噉，化學反應率嘅定義可以噉樣諗<sup id="cite_ref-coulson2001_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coulson2001-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chemterm_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemterm-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ul><li>考慮一場噉嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="化學反應">化學反應</a>： <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {{{\mathit {a}}A}+{{\mathit {b}}B}->{{\mathit {p}}P}+{{\mathit {q}}Q}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext class="MJX-tex-mathit" mathvariant="italic">a</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext>A</mtext> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext class="MJX-tex-mathit" mathvariant="italic">b</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext>B</mtext> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext class="MJX-tex-mathit" mathvariant="italic">p</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext>P</mtext> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext class="MJX-tex-mathit" mathvariant="italic">q</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext>Q</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {{{\mathit {a}}A}+{{\mathit {b}}B}->{{\mathit {p}}P}+{{\mathit {q}}Q}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c31ec1d1562f2087f81fe422ece5618d7ba40d30" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:22.071ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {{{\mathit {a}}A}+{{\mathit {b}}B}->{{\mathit {p}}P}+{{\mathit {q}}Q}}}}"></span>，</dd></dl></li> <li>當中 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {A}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>A</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {A}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7683201425b7130b4f6bc52be92b6de7ccbf648f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {A}}}"></span> 同 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {B}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>B</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {B}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6aeda58a44d5ea035900157c62e6b609f3e59d86" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.646ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {B}}}"></span> 係<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%89%A9" title="反應物">反應物</a>（做反應嘅原料），<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {P}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>P</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {P}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/35d7aa580dc55f8f89adb65c167870b8e9f13c9c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.583ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {P}}}"></span> 同 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Q}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Q</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Q}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d5eacfb1521bd73991f51ac4646173b9cc7628fc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Q}}}"></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%94%A2%E7%89%A9" title="反應產物">反應產物</a>（場反應產生嘅物質），<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {a}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext class="MJX-tex-mathit" mathvariant="italic">a</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {a}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/22d89b312c98a2f4ad8c2ee1b65e4a745ea29f56" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.074ex; width:1.262ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {a}}}}"></span>、<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {b}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext class="MJX-tex-mathit" mathvariant="italic">b</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {b}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a352d7b61ca56805cf8902d41d2b4e79cc0595cf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.016ex; width:1.086ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {b}}}}"></span>、<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {p}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext class="MJX-tex-mathit" mathvariant="italic">p</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {p}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d08d979d57f970bbc8729f6fdb5741f3d46468eb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.016ex; width:1.204ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {p}}}}"></span> 同 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {q}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext class="MJX-tex-mathit" mathvariant="italic">q</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {q}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8cfcd2206136bfeced99945c5645819bc5c74459" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.102ex; width:1.172ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {q}}}}"></span> 反映<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E8%A8%88%E9%87%8F%E6%95%B8" title="化學計量數">化學計量數</a>（簡化噉講即係「每 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {a}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext class="MJX-tex-mathit" mathvariant="italic">a</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {a}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/22d89b312c98a2f4ad8c2ee1b65e4a745ea29f56" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.074ex; width:1.262ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {a}}}}"></span> 粒 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {A}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>A</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {A}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7683201425b7130b4f6bc52be92b6de7ccbf648f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {A}}}"></span> 同每 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {b}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext class="MJX-tex-mathit" mathvariant="italic">b</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {b}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a352d7b61ca56805cf8902d41d2b4e79cc0595cf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.016ex; width:1.086ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {b}}}}"></span> 粒 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {B}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>B</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {B}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6aeda58a44d5ea035900157c62e6b609f3e59d86" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.646ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {B}}}"></span> 會做反應出 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {p}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext class="MJX-tex-mathit" mathvariant="italic">p</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {p}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d08d979d57f970bbc8729f6fdb5741f3d46468eb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.016ex; width:1.204ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {p}}}}"></span> 咁多粒 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {P}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>P</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {P}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/35d7aa580dc55f8f89adb65c167870b8e9f13c9c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.583ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {P}}}"></span> 同 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {q}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext class="MJX-tex-mathit" mathvariant="italic">q</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {q}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8cfcd2206136bfeced99945c5645819bc5c74459" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.102ex; width:1.172ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {\mathit {q}}}}"></span> 咁多粒 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Q}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Q</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Q}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d5eacfb1521bd73991f51ac4646173b9cc7628fc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Q}}}"></span>」）<sup id="cite_ref-chemterm_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemterm-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；</li> <li>假設場反應喺一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="容量">容量</a>固定嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E9%96%89%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="封閉系統">封閉系統</a>裏面發生，化學反應率（<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e07b00e7fc0847fbd16391c778d65bc25c452597" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.128ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v}"></span>）嘅定義可以係： <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v=-{\frac {1}{a}}{\frac {d[\mathrm {A} ]}{dt}}=-{\frac {1}{b}}{\frac {d[\mathrm {B} ]}{dt}}={\frac {1}{p}}{\frac {d[\mathrm {P} ]}{dt}}={\frac {1}{q}}{\frac {d[\mathrm {Q} ]}{dt}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>a</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>b</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>q</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Q</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v=-{\frac {1}{a}}{\frac {d[\mathrm {A} ]}{dt}}=-{\frac {1}{b}}{\frac {d[\mathrm {B} ]}{dt}}={\frac {1}{p}}{\frac {d[\mathrm {P} ]}{dt}}={\frac {1}{q}}{\frac {d[\mathrm {Q} ]}{dt}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/50da96de2d35c863851f25312562e89d3a9b9385" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:45.369ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v=-{\frac {1}{a}}{\frac {d[\mathrm {A} ]}{dt}}=-{\frac {1}{b}}{\frac {d[\mathrm {B} ]}{dt}}={\frac {1}{p}}{\frac {d[\mathrm {P} ]}{dt}}={\frac {1}{q}}{\frac {d[\mathrm {Q} ]}{dt}}}"></span></dd> <dd>－即係話一場化學反應嘅反應率可以由「啲反應物同反應產物嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%83%E5%BA%A6" title="濃度">濃度</a>隨時間嘅導數」嚟反映。</dd></dl></li></ul><p> 由定義化學反應率嘅例子睇得出，數學上嘅概念能夠幫手定義同計算工程學上要關注嗰啲數量－包括係啲<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E9%AB%94" title="物體">物體</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%BA%A6" title="長度">長闊</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%A6" title="高度">高</a>、啲物體郁嗰陣嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="速度">速度</a>、啲化合物嘅濃度... 呀噉；而呢點令到工程師有得用精確嘅數嚟描述設計嘅系統嘅行為，係現代工程學分析上極之重要嘅一環。</p></blockquote> <blockquote><p><b>例：控制理論</b><br /> </p><p>除咗數學分析嘅相關技術之外，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="控制理論">控制理論</a><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>都係工程數學上重要嘅一環－控制理論等嘅領域會攞研究緊嗰一柞人造系統，淨係思考呢啲系統嘅共通點（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E5%8C%96" title="抽象化">抽象化</a>），將呢啲系統諗做<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E7%89%A9%E9%AB%94" title="數學物體">數學物體</a>，並且分析呢啲唔同系統喺行為上有乜共通點<sup id="cite_ref-bennett1992_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bennett1992-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。好似係下圖呢個<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A0%E5%9B%9E%E8%BC%B8" title="負回輸">負回輸</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="控制系統">控制系統</a>噉<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Feedback_loop_with_descriptions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Feedback_loop_with_descriptions.svg/langyue-720px-Feedback_loop_with_descriptions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="720" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Feedback_loop_with_descriptions.svg/langyue-1080px-Feedback_loop_with_descriptions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Feedback_loop_with_descriptions.svg/langyue-1440px-Feedback_loop_with_descriptions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="126" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>一個負回輸控制系統由多嚿元件組成<sup id="cite_ref-robert2000_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robert2000-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ul><li>個主<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="系統">系統</a>（system），個主系統會俾出一個<a href="/wiki/Output" class="mw-redirect" title="Output">輸出</a>（output；例：一部<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0%E6%A5%AD" title="製造業">製造業</a>用嘅機械生產咗若干嚿<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8" title="貨">貨</a>）；</li> <li>個系統會有部<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E6%87%89%E5%99%A8" title="感應器">感應器</a>（sensor），部感應器會<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%BA%A6" title="量度">量度</a>個輸出（例：部感應器能夠感應到部機生產咗幾多嚿貨）；</li> <li>個<b>控制器</b>（controller）會由感應器嗰度得知輸出嘅<b>誤差</b>（error；例：「實際生產出嚟嘅貨嘅數量」同應有嘅數值差幾遠）；</li> <li>個控制器跟住就會俾<a href="/wiki/Input" class="mw-redirect" title="Input">輸入</a>落個系統嗰度，嘗試將誤差減低（例：如果部機生產嘅貨嘅數量少得滯，個控制器就叫部機行快啲）；</li></ul><p> 上述嘅控制系統會令部機嘅輸出大致上呈穩定狀態。而好多系統都可以<a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="概念化">概念化</a>噉諗做呢個模型，事實係，就連<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%AB%94" title="人體">人體</a>都有啲類似噉嘅機制，令<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%B7%B3%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="心跳率">心跳率</a>等嘅多個身體<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E6%95%B8_(%E7%A7%91%E7%A0%94)" title="變數 (科研)">變數</a>維持喺<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%A9%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="穩態">大致穩定嘅水平</a><sup id="cite_ref-robert2000_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robert2000-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="同物理學"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E5.AD.B8"></span>同物理學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=16" title="編輯小節: 同物理學"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="工程物理學">工程物理學</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="應用物理學">應用物理學</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="物理學">物理學</a><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>係研究<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99" title="宇宙">宇宙</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="物理定律">基本定律</a>嘅一門<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="科學">科學</a>領域，包括咗<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="力學">力學</a>（研究<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B" title="力">力</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E9%AB%94" title="物體">物體</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%81%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="郁動">郁動</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%B8" title="電磁學">電磁學</a>（研究<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB" title="電">電</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81" title="磁">磁</a>相關嘅現象）同<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="熱力學">熱力學</a>（研究<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1" title="熱">熱</a>相關嘅現象）等嘅子領域。物理學嘅知識對現代工程學嚟講不可或缺，工程師要用物理學知識嚟預計一個設計會令系統出現點樣嘅行為，而呢啲知識形成咗所謂嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="工程物理學">工程物理學</a>。 </p><p>例如係工程學上對<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%98" title="鐘">鐘</a>嘅研究噉，鐘係指用某啲<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="能量">能量</a>嚟計<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" title="時間">時間</a>嘅機械，所以整鐘需要有一啲有固定<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="物理週期">週期</a>（每隔若干時間就會重複一次）嘅物理過程，而 17 至 19 世紀期間好常見嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%BA%E9%90%98" title="擺鐘">擺鐘</a>就用咗<a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E8%AB%A7%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="簡諧運動">簡諧運動</a><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>呢個<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="古典力學">古典力學</a>現象嘅原理。根據古典力學上對簡諧運動嘅研究，如果有一個左右兩邊揈嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%98%E6%93%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="鐘擺">鐘擺</a>，只要個鐘擺揈嘅幅度有返咁上下細，個鐘頭嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="物理週期">週期</a><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>可以用以下呢條式計<sup id="cite_ref-milham1945_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-milham1945-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\displaystyle T=2\pi {\sqrt {\frac {\ell }{g}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mi>g</mi> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\displaystyle T=2\pi {\sqrt {\frac {\ell }{g}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/42e318fa3b38947956b60e767df7fead6947a479" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:11.505ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\displaystyle T=2\pi {\sqrt {\frac {\ell }{g}}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>呢條式講嘅係，週期（<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}"></span>；指個鐘擺每幾耐重複一次擺動）取決於三個數－<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2\pi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2\pi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/73efd1f6493490b058097060a572606d2c550a06" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.494ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2\pi }"></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%93%E5%91%A8%E7%8E%87" title="圓周率">圓周率</a>兩倍）、<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ell }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ℓ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ell }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f066e981e530bacc07efc6a10fa82deee985929e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.97ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ell }"></span>（吊住個鐘擺條繩嘅長度）、同 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>g</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}"></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B" title="標準重力">標準重力</a>），當中圓周率係<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B8" title="常數">常數</a>，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>g</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}"></span> 喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>上會係常數，而 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ell }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ℓ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ell }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f066e981e530bacc07efc6a10fa82deee985929e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.97ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ell }"></span> 要維持不變好容易－即係話一個噉嘅鐘擺嘅週期會係一個恆定不變嘅數值，於是人就可以靠數住個鐘擺擺咗幾多次嚟計時間，例：設計一個鐘，個鐘擺條繩嘅長度 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ell }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ℓ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ell }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f066e981e530bacc07efc6a10fa82deee985929e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.97ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ell }"></span> 設好咗，令個鐘擺會每 1 秒擺一次，如果個鐘擺有用齒輪等機制駁落去一支秒針嗰度，就會做得到用個鐘擺計時嘅效果<sup id="cite_ref-milham1945_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-milham1945-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1242160"><table class="gallery-mod gallery-mod-center"><tbody><tr><td><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:290px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antique_Clock_in_Dongguan_2013-02-09_120154.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="一個古董擺鐘"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Antique_Clock_in_Dongguan_2013-02-09_120154.jpg/135px-Antique_Clock_in_Dongguan_2013-02-09_120154.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Antique_Clock_in_Dongguan_2013-02-09_120154.jpg/202px-Antique_Clock_in_Dongguan_2013-02-09_120154.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Antique_Clock_in_Dongguan_2013-02-09_120154.jpg/270px-Antique_Clock_in_Dongguan_2013-02-09_120154.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><center>一個古董擺鐘</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:277px"><center>一個古董擺鐘</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:290px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anchor_escapement_animation_315x478px.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="一個左右揈嘅鐘擺可以用嚟帶動一個齒輪。"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Anchor_escapement_animation_315x478px.gif/118px-Anchor_escapement_animation_315x478px.gif" decoding="async" width="118" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Anchor_escapement_animation_315x478px.gif/178px-Anchor_escapement_animation_315x478px.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Anchor_escapement_animation_315x478px.gif/237px-Anchor_escapement_animation_315x478px.gif 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption><center>一個左右揈嘅鐘擺可以用嚟帶動一個齒輪。</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:277px"><center>一個左右揈嘅鐘擺可以用嚟帶動一個齒輪。</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:290px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:200px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Digital-clock-alarm.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="到咗廿一世紀，人仲有好多方法可以造鐘。重點係要運用一啲週期恆定嘅物理過程。"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Digital-clock-alarm.jpg/241px-Digital-clock-alarm.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Digital-clock-alarm.jpg/361px-Digital-clock-alarm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Digital-clock-alarm.jpg/481px-Digital-clock-alarm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1870" /></a><figcaption><center>到咗廿一世紀，人仲有好多方法可以造鐘。<br />重點係要運用一啲週期恆定嘅物理過程。</center></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:277px"><center>到咗廿一世紀，人仲有好多方法可以造鐘。<br />重點係要運用一啲週期恆定嘅物理過程。</center> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="同藝術嘅拏褦"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E8.97.9D.E8.A1.93.E5.98.85.E6.8B.8F.E8.A4.A6"></span>同藝術嘅拏褦</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=17" title="編輯小節: 同藝術嘅拏褦"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>工程學同<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="藝術">藝術</a>都有拏褦。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="藝術考量"><span id=".E8.97.9D.E8.A1.93.E8.80.83.E9.87.8F"></span>藝術考量</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=18" title="編輯小節: 藝術考量"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%AD%B8" title="建築學">建築學</a></div> <p>俾人當係工程學嘅領域有陣時會結合埋藝術性質嘅思考，要求設計出嚟嘅嘢有效率（純工程學考量）得嚟又有<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%84%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="美感">美感</a>（藝術考量）。當中<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%AD%B8" title="建築學">建築學</a><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>喺呢方面就好出名： </p> <ul><li>建築學做嘅嘢係設計建築物，途中實會考慮到工程學嘅因素，例如係用<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="結構工程">結構工程</a>方面嘅知識嚟分析一款設計夠唔夠穩陣<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，或者係用<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="材料科學">材料科學</a>方面嘅知識思考唔同嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="建築材料">建築材料</a>有乜嘢優劣<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>呀噉－即係似<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建築工程">建築工程</a>，所以建築學好多時都會俾人歸類做工程學嘅一門；</li> <li>不過响另一方面，建築學又會諗「一棟建築物要點樣設計先有<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%84%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="美感">美感</a>」呢條問題－喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="建築理論">建築理論</a>上，美感係建築物需要有嘅三大特性之一（另外嗰兩個特性係穩陣同實用），而好多建築學工作者都認為，建築學對美感嘅追求令到呢門學問成為咗一門跨越藝術同工程學嘅獨特領域；相比之下，建築工程唔會點睇重美感嘅嘢，而係純追求實用－同建築工程比起嚟，建築學呢門領域係有返咁上下<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="視覺藝術">視覺藝術</a>嘅成份。事實係，的確有啲院校會將建築學分類做藝術嘅一門<sup id="cite_ref-lecorbusier1985_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lecorbusier1985-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <p>例如以下呢啲出名建築物都俾好多人覺得佢哋<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9A" title="靚">靚</a>－除咗實用嘅工程考量之外，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="建築師">建築師</a>仲有考慮埋棟建築物嘅美感。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chi_Lin_Nunnery_6,_Mar_06.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="志蓮淨苑"><img alt="志蓮淨苑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Chi_Lin_Nunnery_6%2C_Mar_06.JPG/267px-Chi_Lin_Nunnery_6%2C_Mar_06.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Chi_Lin_Nunnery_6%2C_Mar_06.JPG/400px-Chi_Lin_Nunnery_6%2C_Mar_06.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Chi_Lin_Nunnery_6%2C_Mar_06.JPG/533px-Chi_Lin_Nunnery_6%2C_Mar_06.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%97%E8%93%AE%E6%B7%A8%E8%8B%91" title="志蓮淨苑">志蓮淨苑</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia,_Columns.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="聖家大教堂中殿"><img alt="聖家大教堂中殿" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia%2C_Columns.jpg/300px-Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia%2C_Columns.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia%2C_Columns.jpg/450px-Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia%2C_Columns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia%2C_Columns.jpg/600px-Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia%2C_Columns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%AE%B6%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="聖家大教堂">聖家大教堂</a>中殿</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sydney_Opera_House_Sails.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="雪梨歌劇院"><img alt="雪梨歌劇院" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sydney_Opera_House_Sails.jpg/300px-Sydney_Opera_House_Sails.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sydney_Opera_House_Sails.jpg/450px-Sydney_Opera_House_Sails.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sydney_Opera_House_Sails.jpg/600px-Sydney_Opera_House_Sails.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2125" data-file-height="1405" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E6%A2%A8%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2" title="雪梨歌劇院">雪梨歌劇院</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="造就藝術"><span id=".E9.80.A0.E5.B0.B1.E8.97.9D.E8.A1.93"></span>造就藝術</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=19" title="編輯小節: 造就藝術"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>有陣時，工程學上嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0" title="創新">創新</a>又可以造就藝術上嘅新發展。例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%B8" title="電子學">電子</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" title="電腦">電腦</a>係廿世紀<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="電子工程">電子工程</a>上嘅一大突破，又引起咗藝術上嘅革新：簡單噉講，電腦係能夠快速噉（快過人手好多）做<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="運算">運算</a>嘅機械，能夠將運算呢家嘢<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="自動化">自動化</a>；而電腦嘅出現帶動咗<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="演算法藝術">演算法藝術</a><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>呢門廿世紀新興嘅藝術－演算法藝術指嘅係位藝術家俾一個<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="電腦程式">電腦程式</a>行，並且預個電腦程式會產生一幅作品出嚟－位藝術家會對唔同類型嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="演算法">演算法</a>有相當嘅認識，並且用呢啲知識寫電腦程式出嚟，知個電腦程式行咗之後會出一幅<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E5%9C%96%E5%83%8F" title="電腦圖像">圖像</a>，而呢幅圖像係佢有意整而且想要嘅作品，例如下面嗰幅圖就係由位作者所寫嘅程式產生出嚟嘅；理論上，一幅演算法藝術作品可以用人手整－位藝術家喺寫好咗個程式之後查實可以人手噉計數同畫幅作品出嚟，但現實係，稍為複雜啲嘅程式要用人手計會好嘥時間，所以喺實際應用上，演算法藝術冚唪唥都會以電腦程式嘅方式呈現<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>除咗演算法藝術之外，「工程學創新造就藝術」嘅另一個出名例子係<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E6%A9%9F" title="相機">相機</a>嘅發明令到<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%B1%E7%9B%B8" title="影相">影相</a>呢門視覺藝術誕生<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Julian_fractal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="一個用咗碎形生成嘅圖案"><img alt="一個用咗碎形生成嘅圖案" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Julian_fractal.jpg/360px-Julian_fractal.jpg" decoding="async" width="360" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Julian_fractal.jpg/540px-Julian_fractal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Julian_fractal.jpg/720px-Julian_fractal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>一個用咗<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%8E%E5%BD%A2" title="碎形">碎形</a>生成嘅圖案</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=20" title="編輯小節: 歷史"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg/300px-The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg/450px-The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg/600px-The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1144" data-file-height="804" /></a><figcaption>1978 年影到嘅巴特農神殿</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="15_世紀前"><span id="15_.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E5.89.8D"></span>15 世紀前</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=21" title="編輯小節: 15 世紀前"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%A5%87%E8%B9%9F" title="古代世界七大奇蹟">古代世界七大奇蹟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E5%96%AE%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0" title="簡單機械">簡單機械</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="伊斯蘭黃金時代">伊斯蘭黃金時代</a></div> <p>工程學呢家嘢自從喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="公元前">公元前</a>嘅遠古經已存在： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="古埃及">古埃及</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E9%87%91%E5%AD%97%E5%A1%94" title="埃及金字塔">埃及金字塔</a>（最早嘅可以追溯到去大約公元前 2600 年）、</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="春秋時代">春秋時代</a>（公元前 8 至 5 世紀）嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E9%87%8C%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E" title="萬里長城">萬里長城</a><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" title="古希臘">古希臘</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9%E8%BE%B2%E7%A5%9E%E6%AE%BF" title="巴特農神殿">巴特農神殿</a>（公元前 438 年）<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>古羅馬嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%A5%E7%8D%B8%E5%A0%B4" title="鬥獸場">鬥獸場</a>（公元 1 世紀）<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>等嘅遠古工程結構，就算到咗廿一世紀初都仲係令好多人覺得讚嘆，當中好似埃及金字塔噉，埃及金字塔當中嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%A4%AB%E9%87%91%E5%AD%97%E5%A1%94" title="胡夫金字塔">胡夫金字塔</a>係<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%A5%87%E8%B9%9F" title="古代世界七大奇蹟">古代世界七大奇蹟</a>裏面唯一一個仲存在喺世界上嘅，而且就算到咗家陣，啲工程師都仲唔係好明胡夫金字塔到底係點樣起到出嚟嘅，亦都因為噉，胡夫金字塔嘅秘密引起咗好多工程學同<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%B8" title="考古學">考古學</a>上嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E5%AD%B8%E7%A7%91%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="跨學科研究">合作研究</a><sup id="cite_ref-romer2007_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-romer2007-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>遠古嘅人經已有唔少機械上嘅技術。例如考古證據指，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E5%96%AE%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0" title="簡單機械">簡單機械</a><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>當中嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%94" title="楔">楔</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%9C%E9%9D%A2" title="斜面">斜面</a>喺有文字記載嘅歷史打前經已有人喺度用<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%86" title="轆">轆</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%AA%E8%BB%B8" title="輪軸">輪軸</a>就可以追溯到去公元前 5,000 年咁耐嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="兩河流域文明">兩河流域文明</a>嗰度<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；<a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%93%E6%A1%BF" title="槓桿">槓桿</a>可以追溯到去公元前 3,000 年咁久遠嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%9D%B1" title="近東">近東</a>，有俾古埃及嘅人攞嚟幫手搬重嘢<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A4%E8%BD%86" title="轤轆">轤轆</a>起碼可以追溯到去公元前 2,000 年前咁耐嘅兩河流域文明；而最後一個簡單機械（<a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B_(%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0)" title="螺旋 (機械)">螺旋</a>）就源於公元前第一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4" title="千年">千年</a>嘅兩河流域文明<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。呢啲簡單機械到咗廿一世紀初都仲受到廣泛嘅採用，亦都成日俾人攞嚟做<a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E5%90%88%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="複合機械">複雜機械</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E4%BB%B6" title="機件">機件</a>嘅一部份<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="中世紀">中世紀</a>廣義上指 5 至 15 世紀嘅時代。喺呢段期間，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="伊斯蘭世界">伊斯蘭世界</a>有咗<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="伊斯蘭黃金時代">好多重大嘅發展</a>。例如伊斯蘭世界喺公元 9 世紀創始咗<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E8%BB%8A" title="風車">風車</a>，係史上第一部用<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E5%8A%9B" title="風力">風力</a>帶動嘅機械<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而且喺呢個時代，伊斯蘭世界嘅人仲發明咗<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A1%E8%BB%8A" title="紡車">紡車</a>（11 世紀初）<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B8%E8%BC%AA%E8%BB%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="凸輪軸">凸輪軸</a>（1206 年）<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，當中後者打後仲成為咗<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%A3%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="蒸氣機">蒸氣機</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%88" title="偈">偈</a>嘅重要機件－而呢啲機械對於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="工業革命">工業革命</a>（18 世紀尾至 19 世紀初）嚟講不可或缺<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="15_世紀後"><span id="15_.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E5.BE.8C"></span>15 世紀後</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=22" title="編輯小節: 15 世紀後"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="科學革命">科學革命</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="工業革命">工業革命</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="牛頓力學">牛頓力學</a><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>係由牛頓喺 17 世紀期間諗出嚟嘅一個重大創新，可以話係現代工程學嘅其中一個起始點。牛頓力學係一套理論框架，運用咗<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86" title="微分">微分</a>嘅數學概念嚟解析物體嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%81%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="郁動">郁動</a>，例如好出名嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="牛頓運動定律">牛頓運動定律</a>就係牛頓力學嘅一部份。牛頓力學嘅框架令到工程師能夠用精確嘅數嚟表示物體嘅位置同<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="速度">速度</a>，係現代工程學嘅根基<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。除此之外，牛頓力學仲助長咗第啲<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="古典物理學">古典物理學</a>理論嘅發展，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%B8" title="古典電磁學">古典電磁學</a>就用咗<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B" title="力">力</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E7%A7%BB" title="位移">位移</a>等嘅概念嚟分析<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷">電荷</a>嘅郁動，帶出咗<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B5%81" title="電流">電流</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93" title="電壓">電壓</a>等嘅概念<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而古典電磁學嘅呢啲分析對電機工程嚟講好緊要<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 485px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 480px; height: 330px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stott_Park_Bobbin_Mill_Steam_Engine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2008 年一部蒸氣機"><img alt="2008 年一部蒸氣機" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Stott_Park_Bobbin_Mill_Steam_Engine.jpg/450px-Stott_Park_Bobbin_Mill_Steam_Engine.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Stott_Park_Bobbin_Mill_Steam_Engine.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="425" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2008 年一部蒸氣機</div> </li> </ul> <p>18 世紀尾至 19 世紀初嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" title="英國">英國</a>出咗一場重大嘅革新－<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="工業革命">工業革命</a><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>歐 29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>：工業革命源自英國，及後傳播到去第啲<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>地區同<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" title="美國">美國</a>嗰度；喺呢段期間，歐美地區嘅人有咗<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%A3%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="蒸氣機">蒸氣機</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%88" title="偈">偈</a>等嘅重大發明，而呢啲機械令到<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" title="工業">工業</a>能夠用機械嚟大量噉生產啲貨，有好多工作都<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E5%8C%96%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="自動化技術">唔使再靠人手嚟做</a>；喺<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="經濟">經濟</a>上，呢股趨勢大大噉提升咗歐美國家嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="生產力">生產力</a>，令啲人嘅生活質素提高<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；另一方面，社會對「識得處理機械嘅人才」－包括工程師－嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82" title="需求">需求</a>大增，當中美國喺 1850 年嗰時首次將「工程師」列做一個職業，而專業讀工程學畢業嘅人數由 1865 年之前嘅全美國少過 50 個人急升到去 1890 年嘅全美國 6,000 個人<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，可以話係正式令工程師成為一門專業。到咗今日，工程學經已成為咗一門蓬勃嘅領域，出咗多個子領域，而且呢啲子領域仲要高度專化，好多時都搞到佢哋彼此之間因為各自嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E8%A9%B1" title="行話">行話</a>多得滯而溝通唔到<sup id="cite_ref-blockley2012_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blockley2012-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=23" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99%E8%A1%A8" title="工程學詞彙表">工程學詞彙表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="物理學">物理學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2" title="生產">生產</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" title="工業">工業</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0%E6%A5%AD" title="製造業">製造業</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0" title="創新">創新</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%87%9F%E9%8A%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="營銷">營銷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC" title="經濟價值">經濟價值</a></li></ul> <table align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent; margin: 5px auto;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" style="width:20px; color:#B2B7F2; font-size:40px; font-family:Elephant,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; padding:10px 10px;">「 </td> <td><div style="display: table-cell; text-align: left; padding: 1em; vertical-align: middle;">話說有一日，有一位<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="數學家">數學家</a>、一位<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="物理學家">物理學家</a>同一位<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%AB" title="工程師">工程師</a>坐火車遊<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭">蘇格蘭</a>。 <p>工程師望出窗口，見到一隻<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%B6%BF%E7%BE%8A" title="黑綿羊">黑色嘅綿羊</a>，大聲講：『睇吓！蘇格蘭啲綿羊黑色㗎喎！』<br /> 物理學家望出窗，更正工程師講嘅嘢：『嚴格嚟講我哋淨係知，蘇格蘭<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E7%B4%8D" title="歸納">有最少一隻黑色嘅綿羊</a>。』<br /> 然後數學家望出窗，更正物理學家講嘅嘢：『嚴格嚟講我哋淨係知，蘇格蘭<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E7%B9%B9%E6%8E%A8%E7%90%86" title="演繹推理">有一隻綿羊係身體最少一邊黑色嘅</a>。』 </p> </div> </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:20px; color:#B2B7F2; font-size:40px; font-family:Elephant,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:bold; text-align:right; padding:10px 10px;">」 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding-top: 10px"><p style="font-size:smaller;line-height:1em;text-align: right; margin-right: 4em"><cite style="font-style:normal;">——<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%91%E8%A9%B1" title="笑話">笑話</a>，講嘅係工程學、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="自然科學">自然科學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="數學">數學</a>嘅諗嘢方法係幾咁唔同<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </cite></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文獻"><span id=".E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=24" title="編輯小節: 文獻"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; font-size:90%; column-count:1"> <ul><li>Billington, David P. (June 5, 1996). <i>The Innovators: The Engineering Pioneers Who Made America Modern</i>. Wiley; New Ed edition. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9780471140269" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-471-14026-9</a>.</li> <li>Blockley, David (2012). <i>Engineering: a very short introduction</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9780199578696" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-957869-6</a>.</li> <li>Dorf, Richard, ed. (2005). <i>The Engineering Handbook</i> (2 ed.). Boca Raton: CRC. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9780849315862" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8493-1586-2</a>.</li> <li>Lord, Charles R. (August 15, 2000). <i>Guide to Information Sources in Engineering</i>. Libraries Unlimited. doi:10.1336/1563086999. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9781563086991" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-56308-699-1</a>.</li> <li>Madhavan, Guru (2015). <i>Applied Minds: How Engineers Think</i>. W.W. Norton.</li> <li>Petroski, Henry (March 31, 1992). <i>To Engineer is Human: The Role of Failure in Successful Design</i>. Vintage. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9780679734161" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-679-73416-1</a>.</li> <li>Vincenti, Walter G. (February 1, 1993). <i>What Engineers Know and How They Know It: Analytical Studies from Aeronautical History</i>. The Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9780801845888" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8018-4588-8</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=25" title="編輯小節: 註釋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%9F%E8%A9%9E" title="借詞">借自</a>英文 <b>engine</b>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">不過工程學都有分好多門，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化學工程">化學工程</a>就會用多啲<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a>知識。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">呢啲機械人<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%BD%A2%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="人形機械人">似人形</a>定唔似人形都得。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">以上呢個係一個簡化咗嘅例子：實際上，木有分好多唔同種，每種木嘅性質都有啲唔同；同一道理，鋼都有分好多唔同種。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歐詞"><span id=".E6.AD.90.E8.A9.9E"></span>歐詞</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=26" title="編輯小節: 歐詞"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2020813"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="英文">英</a>：invent</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">discover</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">engineering design process</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">iterative</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">prototype</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">computer simulation</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">computational engineering</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">structural analysis</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">civil engineering，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B2%B5%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="Wikipedia:粵文拼音">粵拼</a>：<span class="plainlinks" style="display:inline-block"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yue.forvo.com/word/yue/工程學/#yue"><span>siu<span class="Jpingtone">1</span> fou<span class="Jpingtone">2</span></span></a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">mechanical engineering</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">electrical engineering</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">information technology，IT</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">mechatronics engineering</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">robotics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">chemical engineering</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">materials science</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Theodore von Kármán</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">mathematical analysis</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">instantaneous rate of change</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">infinitesimal</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">control theory</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">physics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">simple harmonic motion，SHM</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">period</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">architecture</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">algorithmic art</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">simple machines</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-112">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Newtonian mechanics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-116">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Industrial Revolution</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="引咗"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E5.92.97"></span>引咗</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=27" title="編輯小節: 引咗"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2020813"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Morimoto, H. (2010). <i>Stochastic control and mathematical modeling</i>. Cambridge Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Xu, C., & Yu, X. (2004). Mathematical modeling of elastic inverted pendulum control system. <i>Journal of Control theory and applications</i>, 2(3), 281-282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dymlittle1999-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-dymlittle1999_4-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-dymlittle1999_4-1">3.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-dymlittle1999_4-2">3.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Dym, C. L., & Little, P. (1999). <i>Engineering design: A project-based introduction</i>. John Wiley and sons.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ullman2010-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ullman2010_5-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ullman2010_5-1">4.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ullman2010_5-2">4.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Ullman, D. G. (2010). <i>The mechanical design process: Part 1</i>. McGraw-Hill.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-romer2007-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-romer2007_6-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-romer2007_6-1">5.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Romer, John (2007). <i>The Great Pyramid: Ancient Egypt Revisited</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blockley2012-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-blockley2012_7-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-blockley2012_7-1">6.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Blockley, David (2012). <i>Engineering: a very short introduction</i>. 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Wood</a>. <i>Hunker</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ashby2007-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ashby2007_69-0">49.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ashby2007_69-1">49.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ashby2007_69-2">49.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Ashby, Michael; Hugh Shercliff; David Cebon (2007). <i>Materials: engineering, science, processing and design</i> (1st ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shepard, H. E. (1939). 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Elsevier.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chemterm-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-chemterm_78-0">54.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-chemterm_78-1">54.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">IUPAC, <i>Compendium of Chemical Terminology</i>, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006-) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/R05156">Rate of reaction</a>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bennett1992-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bennett1992_80-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bennett, Stuart (1992). <i>A history of control engineering</i>, 1930-1955. IET.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Karsch, F. J., Weick, R. F., Hotchkiss, J., Dierschke, D. J., & Knobil, E. (1973). 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"The 21st Century Virtual Reality Color Organ". <i>Journal of IEEE Computer Society</i>. 7 (3): 2–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barrett, T. (2012)., <i>Criticizing Photographs: an introduction to understanding images</i>, 5th edn, McGraw-Hill, New York.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Burbank, Jane; Cooper, Frederick (2010). <i>Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference</i>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, Benjamin Franklin (1920). <i>The Parthenon at Athens, Greece and at Nashville, Tennessee</i>. 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Potts (2012). <i>A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East</i>. p. 285.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-104">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paipetis, S. A.; Ceccarelli, Marco (2010). <i>The Genius of Archimedes - 23 Centuries of Influence on Mathematics, Science and Engineering: Proceedings of an International Conference held at Syracuse, Italy, June 8–10, 2010</i>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-105">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moorey, Peter Roger Stuart (1999). <i>Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence</i>. Eisenbrauns. p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-106">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Navy Bureau of Naval Personnel (1971), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webpal.org/SAFE/aaarecovery/5_simple_technology/basic_machines.pdf">Basic machines and how they work</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160922221747/http://www.webpal.org/SAFE/aaarecovery/5_simple_technology/basic_machines.pdf">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期2016年9月22號，.</i> (PDF), Dover Publications.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-107">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ahmad Y Hassan, Donald Routledge Hill (1986). <i>Islamic Technology: An illustrated history</i>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-108">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lucas, Adam (2006), <i>Wind, Water, Work: Ancient and Medieval Milling Technology</i>, Brill Publishers, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-109">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pacey, Arnold (1991) [1990]. <i>Technology in World Civilization: A Thousand-Year History</i> (First MIT Press paperback ed.). Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. pp. 23-24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-110">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sally Ganchy, Sarah Gancher (2009), <i>Islam and Science, Medicine, and Technology</i>, The Rosen Publishing Group, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-111">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hill, Donald (1998). <i>Studies in Medieval Islamic Technology: From Philo to Al-Jazarī, from Alexandria to Diyār Bakr</i>. Ashgate. pp. 231-232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-113">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Musson, A.E.; Robinson, Eric H. (1969). <i>Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution</i>. University of Toronto Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-114">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Purcell, Edward; Morin, David (2013). <i>ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM</i> (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press, New York. p. 5-7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-115">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oleg D. Jefimenko (1973). <i>Electrostatic Motors, Their History, Types, and Principles of Operation</i>, Electret Scientific Company. pp. 22-45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-117">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Berlanstein, Lenard R., ed. (1992). <i>The Industrial Revolution and work in nineteenth-century Europe</i>. London and New York: Routledge.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-118">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cipolla, Carlo M. <i>The Fontana Economic History of Europe, vol. 3: The Industrial Revolution</i> (1973)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-119">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cowan, Ruth Schwartz (1997), <i>A Social History of American Technology</i>, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-120">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hunter, Louis C. (1985). <i>A History of Industrial Power in the United States, 1730–1930, Vol. 2: Steam Power</i>. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-121">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://users.cs.northwestern.edu/~riesbeck/mathphyseng.html">A Mathematician, A Physicist and an Engineer...</a>, <i>Northwestern University</i>，原版英文："A mathematician, a physicist, and an engineer are riding a train through Scotland.<br /> The engineer looks out the window, sees a black sheep, and exclaims, "Hey! They've got black sheep in Scotland!"<br /> The physicist looks out the window and corrects the engineer, "Strictly speaking, all we know is that there's at least one black sheep in Scotland."<br /> The mathematician looks out the window and corrects the physicist, " Strictly speaking, all we know is that is that at least one side of one sheep is black in Scotland.""</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="拎"><span id=".E6.8B.8E"></span>拎</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=28" title="編輯小節: 拎"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2018312">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99%E8%A1%A8" title="工程學詞彙表">工程學詞彙表</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">方法基礎</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="工程學設計過程">設計過程</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%9C%96" title="工程圖">工程圖</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="工程數學">工程數學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="工程物理學">工程物理</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="工程力學">工程力學</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="工程經濟學">工程經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="運算工程學">運算工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86" title="工程學倫理">倫理</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Opfindelsernes_bog3_fig038.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Opfindelsernes_bog3_fig038.png/150px-Opfindelsernes_bog3_fig038.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Opfindelsernes_bog3_fig038.png/225px-Opfindelsernes_bog3_fig038.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Opfindelsernes_bog3_fig038.png/300px-Opfindelsernes_bog3_fig038.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8A%9B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土力工程">土力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="水利工程">水利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="結構工程">結構</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建築工程">建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E9%80%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建造工程">建造</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="交通工程">交通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="環境工程">環境</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="地震工程">地震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E6%A5%AD%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="礦業工程">礦業</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="機械工程">機</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="電機工程">電</a>領域</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="機械工程">機械工程</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="汽車工程">汽車</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="鐵路工程">鐵路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航海工程">航海</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B9%E8%88%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="船舶工程">船舶</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航空太空工程">航空太空</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航空工程">航空</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="太空工程">太空</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="熱力工程">熱力</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="電機工程">電機工程</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="電力工程">電力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="電子工程">電子</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="無線電工程">無線電</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A8%8A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="電訊工程">電訊</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%8A%E8%99%9F%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="訊號處理">訊號處理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="電腦工程">電腦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="微波工程">微波</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">其他</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="資訊科技">IT</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="資訊工程">資訊</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="資訊系統">資訊系統</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="軟件工程">軟件</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%89%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="保安工程">保安</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%AD%B8" title="電動機械學">電動機械學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="機械電子工程">機械電子工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E4%BA%BA%E5%AD%B8" title="機械人學">機械人學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">拉雜領域</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化學工程">化學工程</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="生化工程">生化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="分子工程">分子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化學反應工程">化學反應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="石油工程">石油</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="材料科學">材料科學</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="材料物理學">材料物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="材料化學">材料化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="陶瓷工程">陶瓷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%AD%B8" title="冶金學">冶金學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="聚合物科學">聚合物科學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">按用途分</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="能源工程">能源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="農業工程">農業</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="食品工程">食品</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E7%81%AB%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="防火工程">防火</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="工業工程">工業</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="軍事工程">軍事</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="衛生工程">衛生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="人因工程">人因</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E9%9F%B3%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="聲音工程">聲音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="核子工程">核子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="光學工程">光學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%B8" title="光子學">光子學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="生物工程">生物</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="基因工程">基因</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="生物醫學工程">生物醫學</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="納米科技">納米科技</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="系統">系統</a>概念</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="系統工程">系統</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="複雜系統">複雜系統</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="動態系統">動態系統</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="控制工程">控制</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="控制理論">控制理論</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="系統設計">系統設計</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關領域</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%AD%B8" title="建築學">Archi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="城市設計">城市設計</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%A6%8F%E5%8A%83" title="城市規劃">城市規劃</a>）</li> <li><a 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