CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives - Carole Hillenbrand - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/books/css/_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb/kl_viewport_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans:wght@400"><script src="/books/javascript/v2_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb__en.js"></script><script>_OC_Hooks = ["_OC_Page", "_OC_SearchReload", "_OC_TocReload", "_OC_EmptyFunc", "_OC_SearchPage", "_OC_QuotePage" ];for (var _OC_i = 0; _OC_i < _OC_Hooks.length; _OC_i++) {eval("var " + _OC_Hooks[_OC_i] + ";");}function _OC_InitHooks () {for (var i = 0; i < _OC_Hooks.length; i++) {var func = arguments[i];eval( _OC_Hooks[i] + " = func;");}}</script><link rel="canonical" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Crusades.html?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Crusades.html?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C"/><meta name="title" content="The Crusades"/><meta name="description" content="Coinciding with the 900th anniversary of the Crusades, this book is the first general introduction to some of the wider aspects of the history of the Crusades. Prepared by Carole Hillenbrand, a leading authority with a world-wide reputation, The The Crusade is unique in covering the Crusades from the Muslim perspective; it is also a timely reflection on how the phenomenon of the Crusades influenced the Muslim world, then and now--militarily, culturally, and psychologically. The Crusades discusses a group of themes designed to highlight how Muslims reacted to the alien presence of the Crusaders in the heart of traditional Muslim territory. Ideological concerns are examined, and the importance of the concept of jihad is assessed in the context of the gradual recovery of the Holy Land and the expulsion of the Crusaders. There are also chapters devoted to an analysis of the warfare--arms, battles, sieges, fortifications--on the basis of written sources and extant works of art. Also extensively discussed is the complex issue of the interaction between Muslims and Crusaders in a social, economic, and cultural setting. The epilogue traces the profound impact of the Crusades on Muslim consciousness up to the present day. The Crusades is also lavishly illustrated with 500 black-and-white pictures and two full color-plate sections."/><meta property="og:title" content="The Crusades"/><meta property="og:type" content="book"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Books"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE71WRE-ZiBmksAP3_5hhPCNTglXqXIiFETVviuND-VU80xksxbzqBfjgeEDN2Yulas2BDu--SfutluzAYmXwyRnpkUyWmei_GEhkJUbRFUNwa6MUlHPycOZtjN4_3A7Uyqo88yDy"/><link rel="image_src" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE71WRE-ZiBmksAP3_5hhPCNTglXqXIiFETVviuND-VU80xksxbzqBfjgeEDN2Yulas2BDu--SfutluzAYmXwyRnpkUyWmei_GEhkJUbRFUNwa6MUlHPycOZtjN4_3A7Uyqo88yDy"/><script></script><style>#gbar,#guser{font-size:13px;padding-top:1px !important;}#gbar{height:22px}#guser{padding-bottom:7px !important;text-align:right}.gbh,.gbd{border-top:1px solid #c9d7f1;font-size:1px}.gbh{height:0;position:absolute;top:24px;width:100%}@media all{.gb1{height:22px;margin-right:.5em;vertical-align:top}#gbar{float:left}}a.gb1,a.gb4{text-decoration:underline !important}a.gb1,a.gb4{color:#00c !important}.gbi .gb4{color:#dd8e27 !important}.gbf .gb4{color:#900 !important} #gbar { padding:.3em .6em !important;}</style></head><body class=""><div id=gbar><nobr><a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tab=pw">Search</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/imghp?hl=en&tab=pi">Images</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://maps.google.com.sg/maps?hl=en&tab=pl">Maps</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://play.google.com/?hl=en&tab=p8">Play</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.youtube.com/?tab=p1">YouTube</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://news.google.com/?tab=pn">News</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?tab=pm">Gmail</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://drive.google.com/?tab=po">Drive</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 style="text-decoration:none" href="https://www.google.com.sg/intl/en/about/products?tab=ph"><u>More</u> »</a></nobr></div><div id=guser width=100%><nobr><span id=gbn class=gbi></span><span id=gbf class=gbf></span><span id=gbe></span><a target=_top id=gb_70 href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3D6UP-vjDzbB8C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dsubject:%2522History%2B/%2BMiddle%2BEast%2B/%2BGeneral%2522%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26redir_esc%3Dy&hl=en&ec=GAZACg" class=gb4>Sign in</a></nobr></div><div class=gbh style=left:0></div><div class=gbh style=right:0></div><div role="alert" style="position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0;"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=subject:%22History+/+Middle+East+/+General%22&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y&output=html_text" title="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. Accessible mode has the same essential features but works better with your reader."><img border="0" src="//www.google.com/images/cleardot.gif"alt="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. Accessible mode has the same essential features but works better with your reader."></a></div><div class="kd-appbar"><h2 class="kd-appname"><a href="/books">Books</a></h2><div class="kd-buttonbar left" id="left-toolbar-buttons"><a id="appbar-view-print-sample-link" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_vpt_read"></a><a id="appbar-view-ebook-sample-link" href=""></a><a id="appbar-patents-prior-art-finder-link" href=""></a><a id="appbar-patents-discuss-this-link" href="" data-is-grant=""></a><a id="appbar-read-patent-link" href=""></a><a id="appbar-download-pdf-link" href=""></a></div><div class="kd-buttonbar right" id="right-toolbar-buttons"></div></div><div style="display: none"><ol id="ofe-gear-menu-contents" class="gbmcc"><li class="gbe gbmtc"><a class="gbmt goog-menuitem-content" id="" href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fop%3Dlibrary&hl=en">My library</a></li><li class="gbe gbmtc"><a class="gbmt goog-menuitem-content" id="" href="http://books.google.com.sg/support/topic/4359341?hl=en-SG">Help</a></li><li class="gbe gbmtc"><a class="gbmt goog-menuitem-content" id="" href="https://books.google.com.sg/advanced_book_search?q=subject:%22History+/+Middle+East+/+General%22">Advanced Book Search</a></li></ol></div><div id="volume-main"><div id="volume-left"><div id=menu_container ><div id="menu_scroll_wrapper"><div id="menu_scroll" role="navigation"><div id="gb-get-book-container"><a id="gb-get-book-content" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C&sitesec=buy&source=gbs_vpt_read">Get print book</a></div><p id="gb-get-book-not-available">No eBook available<p><h3 class=about_title><a name="buy_anchor"></a></h3><div id=buy class=about_content><div id=buy_v><ul style="list-style-type: none; padding-left: 0; margin: 0;"><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="http://www.psypress.com/9781579582104" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='http://www.psypress.com/9781579582104';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-tandf_us_psychology_press\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3d6UP-vjDzbB8C\x26q\x3dhttp://www.psypress.com/9781579582104\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw1XnIPzcA-oPH1oAXFdLHEs\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>Psychology Press</span></a></li><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?index=books&linkCode=qs&keywords=9781579582104" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?index\x3dbooks\x26linkCode\x3dqs\x26keywords\x3d9781579582104';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-tandf_us_psychology_press\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3d6UP-vjDzbB8C\x26q\x3dhttp://www.amazon.com/gp/search%3Findex%3Dbooks%26linkCode%3Dqs%26keywords%3D9781579582104\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw0iUM_ude3XqwYnACmM_oXU\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>Amazon.com</span></a></li><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx?do=detail&pcode=9781579582104" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx?do\x3ddetail\x26pcode\x3d9781579582104';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-tandf_us_psychology_press\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3d6UP-vjDzbB8C\x26q\x3dhttp://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx%3Fdo%3Ddetail%26pcode%3D9781579582104\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw2MtxAHgYyxREpPrZoU2YuM\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>MPH</span></a></li><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/?q=9781579582104" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/?q\x3d9781579582104';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-tandf_us_psychology_press\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3d6UP-vjDzbB8C\x26q\x3dhttps://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/%3Fq%3D9781579582104\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw34WyjECDVvbk2lwj6mCt7j\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>Popular</span></a></li><li><a class="secondary" style="white-space:normal" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C&sitesec=buy&source=gbs_buy_r" id="get-all-sellers-link"><span dir=ltr>All sellers</span> »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=menu id=menu><div class="menu_content" style="margin-bottom:6px"><div style="margin-bottom:4px"><div class="sidebarnav"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div class="sidebarcover"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C&printsec=frontcover" onclick="_OC_Page('PP1',this.href); return false;"><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE70XyvdbbyHZgwPkC3L3IsSTXwiJxMW4wbEygSTuWXUFHqkJqyEoDSZY6WcwRGB6nuUN8BOMmfFGrI_2m-YnEqFiE2HIYPBPSsmXCnY1B60IGvTHHDrYOz_jj-1pGKwmlcXHLD5-" alt="Front Cover" title="Front Cover" height=80 border=1 id=summary-frontcover ></a></div></td><td></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div id="volume-info-sidebar"><h1 class="gb-volume-title" dir=ltr>The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives</h1><span class="addmd">By Carole Hillenbrand</span></div><div style="margin-bottom:3px"><form action=/books id=search_form style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" method=get> <input type=hidden name="redir_esc" value="y"><input type=hidden name="id" value="6UP-vjDzbB8C"><input type=hidden name="dq" value="subject:"History / Middle East / General""><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 class="swv-table"><tr><td class="swv-td-search"><span><input id=search_form_input type=text maxlength=1024 class="text_flat swv-input-search" aria-label="Search in this book" name=q value="" title="Go" accesskey=i></span></td><td class="swv-td-space"><div> </div></td><td><input type=submit value="Go"></td></tr></table><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_autoDir']) {_OC_autoDir('search_form_input');}</script></form></div><div><p><a id="sidebar-atb-link" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C&dq=subject:%22History+/+Middle+East+/+General%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s"><span dir=ltr>About this book</span></a></p></div></div></div><div><div id="navbarContainer" class="gb-navbar"></div><script>_OC_InitNavbar({"child_node":[{"title":"My library","url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?uid=114584440181414684107\u0026source=gbs_lp_bookshelf_list","id":"my_library","collapsed":true},{"title":"My History","url":"","id":"my_history","collapsed":true}],"highlighted_node_id":""});</script><h3 class=about_title><a name="pub_info_anchor"></a></h3><div id=pub_info class=about_content><div id=pub_info_v><table cellspacing=0><tr><td style="font-size:84.6%;color:#666666">Pages displayed by permission of <a class=link_aux href="https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C&pg=PP1&q=http://www.psypress.com&clientid=ca-print-tandf_us_psychology_press&linkid=1&usg=AOvVaw0DVhhGqZAljwaRnCuLNZDL&source=gbs_pub_info_r">Psychology Press</a>. <a style="color:#7777cc;white-space:normal" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C&printsec=copyright&source=gbs_pub_info_r">Copyright</a>. </table></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="volume-center"><div id="scroll_atb" role="main"><div id="toolbar_container"><div style="float:left;white-space:nowrap"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td id="l_toolbar"></td><td class=toolbar-pc-cell><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td class=no-jump-cell align=right><span id=page_label style="margin-right:.5em">Front Cover</span></td><td class=arrow style="padding-right:2px"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C&pg=PT2&lpg=PP1&focus=viewport&dq=subject:%22History+/+Middle+East+/+General%22" onclick="_OC_EmptyFunc(this.href); return false;"><div class=pagination><div id=prev_btn alt="Previous Page" title="Previous Page" class="SPRITE_pagination_v2_left"></div></div></a></td><td class=arrow><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C&pg=PR3&lpg=PP1&focus=viewport&dq=subject:%22History+/+Middle+East+/+General%22" onclick="_OC_EmptyFunc(this.href); return false;"><div class=pagination><div id=next_btn alt="Next available page" title="Next available page" class="SPRITE_pagination_v2_right"></div></div></a></td></tr></table></td><td>  </td><td id=view_toolbar></td><td id=view_new></td></tr></table></div><div style="float:right"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td></td><td id="r_toolbar" style="white-space:nowrap"></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div id="search_bar"></div><div class="gback"><div id="viewport" class="viewport" tabindex="0"><a name="page" accesskey="c"></a><table class="viewport-table" id="container" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td valign="top" align="center"><noscript><style type=text/css media=print> .html_page_image{display:none;} .viewport div img {display:none;} </style><div style="height:745px;width:575px;position:relative;margin-bottom:4px"><style type=text/css>.html_page_image { background-image:url("https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C&pg=PP1&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U3fPgfoOHdhnFLHm0tmCCXV7yC0CQ"); width:575px;height:745px; top:0px;left:0px;position:relative}</style><div class=html_page_image><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C&pg=PR3&lpg=PP1&focus=viewport&dq=subject:%22History+/+Middle+East+/+General%22" style="outline:none"><img class=html_page_secure_image src="//www.google.com/images/cleardot.gif" height=745 width=575 border=0 alt="Next available page" title="Next available page"></a></div></div></noscript></td></tr></table></div></div><script>_OC_addFlags({Host:"https://books.google.com.sg/", IsBooksUnifiedLeftNavEnabled:1, IsZipitFolderCollectionEnabled:1, IsBrowsingHistoryEnabled:1, IsBooksRentalEnabled:1});_OC_Run({"page":[{"pid":"PP1","flags":32,"order":0,"h":753},{"pid":"PR3","order":4,"title":"iii","h":777},{"pid":"PR4","order":5,"title":"iv","h":777},{"pid":"PR7","order":8,"title":"vii","h":776},{"pid":"PR9","order":10,"title":"ix","h":780},{"pid":"PR10","order":11,"title":"x","h":780},{"pid":"PR11","order":12,"title":"xi","h":777},{"pid":"PR12","order":13,"title":"xii"},{"pid":"PR13","order":14,"title":"xiii","h":780},{"pid":"PR15","order":16,"title":"xv","h":779},{"pid":"PR16","order":17,"title":"xvi"},{"pid":"PR17","order":18,"title":"xvii","h":777},{"pid":"PR18","order":19,"title":"xviii","h":777},{"pid":"PR19","order":20,"title":"xix","h":777},{"pid":"PR20","order":21,"title":"xx"},{"pid":"PR21","order":22,"title":"xxi","h":776},{"pid":"PR23","order":24,"title":"xxiii","h":776},{"pid":"PR24","order":25,"title":"xxiv","h":777},{"pid":"PR25","order":26,"title":"xxv","h":777},{"pid":"PR26","order":27,"title":"xxvi","h":777},{"pid":"PR27","order":28,"title":"xxvii","h":777},{"pid":"PR28","order":29,"title":"xxviii","h":777},{"pid":"PR29","order":30,"title":"xxix","h":777},{"pid":"PR30","order":31,"title":"xxx"},{"pid":"PR31","order":32,"title":"xxxi","h":777},{"pid":"PR32","order":33,"title":"xxxii"},{"pid":"PR33","order":34,"title":"xxxiii","h":776},{"pid":"PR34","order":35,"title":"xxxiv","h":777},{"pid":"PR35","order":36,"title":"xxxv","h":776},{"pid":"PR37","order":38,"title":"xxxvii","h":779},{"pid":"PR38","order":39,"title":"xxxviii"},{"pid":"PR39","order":40,"title":"xxxix","h":776},{"pid":"PR40","order":41,"title":"xl","h":777},{"pid":"PR41","order":42,"title":"xli","h":777},{"pid":"PR42","order":43,"title":"xlii","h":777},{"pid":"PR43","order":44,"title":"xliii","h":776},{"pid":"PR44","order":45,"title":"xliv","h":776},{"pid":"PR45","order":46,"title":"xlv","h":777},{"pid":"PR46","order":47,"title":"xlvi","h":777},{"pid":"PR47","order":48,"title":"xlvii","h":777},{"pid":"PR48","order":49,"title":"xlviii","h":776},{"pid":"PR49","order":50,"title":"xlix","h":777},{"pid":"PR50","order":51,"title":"l"},{"pid":"PR51","order":52,"title":"li"},{"pid":"PR52","order":53,"title":"lii"},{"pid":"PR53","order":54,"title":"liii","h":777},{"pid":"PR54","order":55,"title":"liv"},{"pid":"PR55","order":56,"title":"lv","h":777},{"pid":"PR56","order":57,"title":"lvi","h":776},{"pid":"PA1","order":58,"title":"1","h":776},{"pid":"PA2","order":59,"title":"2","h":777},{"pid":"PA3","order":60,"title":"3","h":776},{"pid":"PA4","order":61,"title":"4","h":777},{"pid":"PA5","order":62,"title":"5","h":776},{"pid":"PA6","order":63,"title":"6","h":777},{"pid":"PA7","order":64,"title":"7"},{"pid":"PA8","order":65,"title":"8"},{"pid":"PA9","order":66,"title":"9","h":776},{"pid":"PA10","order":67,"title":"10","h":776},{"pid":"PA11","order":68,"title":"11","h":776},{"pid":"PA12","order":69,"title":"12","h":777},{"pid":"PA13","order":70,"title":"13","h":775},{"pid":"PA14","order":71,"title":"14","h":777},{"pid":"PA15","order":72,"title":"15","h":777},{"pid":"PA16","order":73,"title":"16","h":777},{"pid":"PA17","order":74,"title":"17","h":777},{"pid":"PA18","order":75,"title":"18"},{"pid":"PA19","order":76,"title":"19","h":777},{"pid":"PA20","order":77,"title":"20"},{"pid":"PA21","order":78,"title":"21","h":775},{"pid":"PA22","order":79,"title":"22","h":776},{"pid":"PA23","order":80,"title":"23","h":777},{"pid":"PA24","order":81,"title":"24","h":777},{"pid":"PA25","order":82,"title":"25","h":775},{"pid":"PA26","order":83,"title":"26","h":777},{"pid":"PA27","order":84,"title":"27","h":777},{"pid":"PA28","order":85,"title":"28","h":777},{"pid":"PA29","order":86,"title":"29","h":775},{"pid":"PA30","order":87,"title":"30","h":777},{"pid":"PA31","order":88,"title":"31","h":777},{"pid":"PA32","order":89,"title":"32"},{"pid":"PA33","order":90,"title":"33","h":775},{"pid":"PA34","order":91,"title":"34","h":776},{"pid":"PA35","order":92,"title":"35","h":775},{"pid":"PA36","order":93,"title":"36"},{"pid":"PA37","order":94,"title":"37","h":776},{"pid":"PA38","order":95,"title":"38","h":780},{"pid":"PA39","order":96,"title":"39"},{"pid":"PA40","order":97,"title":"40","h":777},{"pid":"PA41","order":98,"title":"41","h":777},{"pid":"PA42","order":99,"title":"42","h":776},{"pid":"PA43","order":100,"title":"43","h":775},{"pid":"PA44","order":101,"title":"44","h":777},{"pid":"PA45","order":102,"title":"45","h":777},{"pid":"PA46","order":103,"title":"46"},{"pid":"PA47","order":104,"title":"47","h":777},{"pid":"PA48","order":105,"title":"48"},{"pid":"PA49","order":106,"title":"49","h":777},{"pid":"PA50","order":107,"title":"50"},{"pid":"PA51","order":108,"title":"51","h":776},{"pid":"PA52","order":109,"title":"52","h":776},{"pid":"PA53","order":110,"title":"53"},{"pid":"PA54","order":111,"title":"54","h":777},{"pid":"PA55","order":112,"title":"55","h":775},{"pid":"PA56","order":113,"title":"56","h":776},{"pid":"PA57","order":114,"title":"57","h":776},{"pid":"PA58","order":115,"title":"58","h":777},{"pid":"PA59","order":116,"title":"59","h":777},{"pid":"PA60","order":117,"title":"60","h":775},{"pid":"PA61","order":118,"title":"61","h":777},{"pid":"PA62","order":119,"title":"62"},{"pid":"PA63","order":120,"title":"63","h":776},{"pid":"PA64","order":121,"title":"64","h":777},{"pid":"PA65","order":122,"title":"65","h":777},{"pid":"PA66","order":123,"title":"66","h":777},{"pid":"PA67","order":124,"title":"67","h":775},{"pid":"PA68","order":125,"title":"68","h":777},{"pid":"PA69","order":126,"title":"69","h":777},{"pid":"PA70","order":127,"title":"70","h":777},{"pid":"PA71","order":128,"title":"71"},{"pid":"PA72","order":129,"title":"72"},{"pid":"PA73","order":130,"title":"73"},{"pid":"PA74","order":131,"title":"74"},{"pid":"PA75","order":132,"title":"75","h":779},{"pid":"PA76","order":133,"title":"76","h":779},{"pid":"PA77","order":134,"title":"77","h":776},{"pid":"PA78","order":135,"title":"78","h":777},{"pid":"PA79","order":136,"title":"79","h":776},{"pid":"PA80","order":137,"title":"80","h":777},{"pid":"PA81","order":138,"title":"81","h":775},{"pid":"PA82","order":139,"title":"82","h":776},{"pid":"PA83","order":140,"title":"83","h":777},{"pid":"PA84","order":141,"title":"84","h":777},{"pid":"PA85","order":142,"title":"85","h":776},{"pid":"PA86","order":143,"title":"86","h":779},{"pid":"PA87","order":144,"title":"87","h":777},{"pid":"PA88","order":145,"title":"88","h":777},{"pid":"PA89","order":146,"title":"89","h":774},{"pid":"PA90","order":147,"title":"90","h":775},{"pid":"PA91","order":148,"title":"91","h":777},{"pid":"PA92","order":149,"title":"92"},{"pid":"PA93","order":150,"title":"93","h":775},{"pid":"PA94","order":151,"title":"94"},{"pid":"PA95","order":152,"title":"95","h":776},{"pid":"PA96","order":153,"title":"96","h":777},{"pid":"PA97","order":154,"title":"97","h":773},{"pid":"PA98","order":155,"title":"98","h":776},{"pid":"PA99","order":156,"title":"99","h":776},{"pid":"PA100","order":157,"title":"100","h":777},{"pid":"PA101","order":158,"title":"101","h":776},{"pid":"PA102","order":159,"title":"102"},{"pid":"PA103","order":160,"title":"103"},{"pid":"PA104","order":161,"title":"104","h":777},{"pid":"PA105","order":162,"title":"105","h":776},{"pid":"PA106","order":163,"title":"106","h":777},{"pid":"PA107","order":164,"title":"107","h":777},{"pid":"PA108","order":165,"title":"108"},{"pid":"PA109","order":166,"title":"109","h":776},{"pid":"PA110","order":167,"title":"110","h":777},{"pid":"PA111","order":168,"title":"111","h":776},{"pid":"PA112","order":169,"title":"112","h":777},{"pid":"PA113","order":170,"title":"113","h":776},{"pid":"PA114","order":171,"title":"114","h":777},{"pid":"PA115","order":172,"title":"115","h":776},{"pid":"PA116","order":173,"title":"116","h":776},{"pid":"PA117","order":174,"title":"117","h":776},{"pid":"PA118","order":175,"title":"118","h":777},{"pid":"PA119","order":176,"title":"119","h":776},{"pid":"PA120","order":177,"title":"120"},{"pid":"PA121","order":178,"title":"121","h":777},{"pid":"PA122","order":179,"title":"122","h":777},{"pid":"PA123","order":180,"title":"123","h":775},{"pid":"PA124","order":181,"title":"124","h":777},{"pid":"PA125","order":182,"title":"125","h":775},{"pid":"PA126","order":183,"title":"126","h":775},{"pid":"PA127","order":184,"title":"127","h":775},{"pid":"PA128","order":185,"title":"128","h":777},{"pid":"PA129","order":186,"title":"129","h":775},{"pid":"PA130","order":187,"title":"130","h":776},{"pid":"PA131","order":188,"title":"131","h":775},{"pid":"PA132","order":189,"title":"132","h":777},{"pid":"PA133","order":190,"title":"133","h":775},{"pid":"PA134","order":191,"title":"134","h":777},{"pid":"PA135","order":192,"title":"135","h":776},{"pid":"PA136","order":193,"title":"136","h":776},{"pid":"PA137","order":194,"title":"137","h":776},{"pid":"PA138","order":195,"title":"138"},{"pid":"PA139","order":196,"title":"139","h":777},{"pid":"PA140","order":197,"title":"140"},{"pid":"PA141","order":198,"title":"141","h":776},{"pid":"PA142","order":199,"title":"142","h":776},{"pid":"PA143","order":200,"title":"143","h":775},{"pid":"PA144","order":201,"title":"144","h":777},{"pid":"PA145","order":202,"title":"145","h":776},{"pid":"PA146","order":203,"title":"146","h":777},{"pid":"PA147","order":204,"title":"147","h":777},{"pid":"PA148","order":205,"title":"148","h":777},{"pid":"PA149","order":206,"title":"149","h":776},{"pid":"PA150","order":207,"title":"150","h":777},{"pid":"PA151","order":208,"title":"151","h":777},{"pid":"PA152","order":209,"title":"152"},{"pid":"PA153","order":210,"title":"153","h":775},{"pid":"PA154","order":211,"title":"154"},{"pid":"PA155","order":212,"title":"155","h":774},{"pid":"PA156","order":213,"title":"156","h":775},{"pid":"PA157","order":214,"title":"157","h":776},{"pid":"PA158","order":215,"title":"158","h":779},{"pid":"PA159","order":216,"title":"159","h":777},{"pid":"PA160","order":217,"title":"160","h":779},{"pid":"PA161","order":218,"title":"161","h":777},{"pid":"PA162","order":219,"title":"162","h":777},{"pid":"PA163","order":220,"title":"163","h":776},{"pid":"PA164","order":221,"title":"164","h":776},{"pid":"PA165","order":222,"title":"165","h":775},{"pid":"PA166","order":223,"title":"166","h":775},{"pid":"PA167","order":224,"title":"167","h":776},{"pid":"PA168","order":225,"title":"168","h":779},{"pid":"PA169","order":226,"title":"169","h":776},{"pid":"PA170","order":227,"title":"170","h":777},{"pid":"PA171","order":228,"title":"171","h":777},{"pid":"PA172","order":229,"title":"172"},{"pid":"PA173","order":230,"title":"173","h":777},{"pid":"PA174","order":231,"title":"174","h":777},{"pid":"PA175","order":232,"title":"175","h":777},{"pid":"PA176","order":233,"title":"176","h":777},{"pid":"PA177","order":234,"title":"177","h":777},{"pid":"PA178","order":235,"title":"178","h":777},{"pid":"PA179","order":236,"title":"179","h":777},{"pid":"PA180","order":237,"title":"180"},{"pid":"PA181","order":238,"title":"181","h":777},{"pid":"PA182","order":239,"title":"182"},{"pid":"PA183","order":240,"title":"183","h":777},{"pid":"PA184","order":241,"title":"184","h":779},{"pid":"PA185","order":242,"title":"185","h":776},{"pid":"PA186","order":243,"title":"186"},{"pid":"PA187","order":244,"title":"187"},{"pid":"PA188","order":245,"title":"188"},{"pid":"PA189","order":246,"title":"189","h":777},{"pid":"PA190","order":247,"title":"190"},{"pid":"PA191","order":248,"title":"191","h":777},{"pid":"PA192","order":249,"title":"192","h":777},{"pid":"PA193","order":250,"title":"193","h":777},{"pid":"PA194","order":251,"title":"194","h":779},{"pid":"PA195","order":252,"title":"195"},{"pid":"PA196","order":253,"title":"196","h":777},{"pid":"PA197","order":254,"title":"197","h":779},{"pid":"PA198","order":255,"title":"198","h":779},{"pid":"PA199","order":256,"title":"199"},{"pid":"PA200","order":257,"title":"200","h":777},{"pid":"PA201","order":258,"title":"201","h":775},{"pid":"PA202","order":259,"title":"202","h":779},{"pid":"PA203","order":260,"title":"203","h":777},{"pid":"PA204","order":261,"title":"204","h":777},{"pid":"PA205","order":262,"title":"205"},{"pid":"PA206","order":263,"title":"206"},{"pid":"PA207","order":264,"title":"207","h":776},{"pid":"PA208","order":265,"title":"208"},{"pid":"PA209","order":266,"title":"209"},{"pid":"PA210","order":267,"title":"210","h":777},{"pid":"PA211","order":268,"title":"211"},{"pid":"PA212","order":269,"title":"212","h":777},{"pid":"PA213","order":270,"title":"213","h":776},{"pid":"PA214","order":271,"title":"214","h":777},{"pid":"PA215","order":272,"title":"215","h":777},{"pid":"PA216","order":273,"title":"216"},{"pid":"PA217","order":274,"title":"217","h":776},{"pid":"PA218","order":275,"title":"218","h":779},{"pid":"PA219","order":276,"title":"219","h":777},{"pid":"PA220","order":277,"title":"220","h":777},{"pid":"PA221","order":278,"title":"221","h":779},{"pid":"PA222","order":279,"title":"222","h":779},{"pid":"PA223","order":280,"title":"223","h":777},{"pid":"PA224","order":281,"title":"224","h":779},{"pid":"PA225","order":282,"title":"225"},{"pid":"PA226","order":283,"title":"226","h":779},{"pid":"PA227","order":284,"title":"227"},{"pid":"PA228","order":285,"title":"228","h":779},{"pid":"PA229","order":286,"title":"229","h":779},{"pid":"PA230","order":287,"title":"230","h":779},{"pid":"PA231","order":288,"title":"231","h":779},{"pid":"PA232","order":289,"title":"232","h":779},{"pid":"PA233","order":290,"title":"233"},{"pid":"PA234","order":291,"title":"234"},{"pid":"PA235","order":292,"title":"235"},{"pid":"PA236","order":293,"title":"236","h":780},{"pid":"PA237","order":294,"title":"237"},{"pid":"PA238","order":295,"title":"238"},{"pid":"PA239","order":296,"title":"239"},{"pid":"PA240","order":297,"title":"240","h":777},{"pid":"PA241","order":298,"title":"241"},{"pid":"PA242","order":299,"title":"242","h":779},{"pid":"PA243","order":300,"title":"243","h":779},{"pid":"PA244","order":301,"title":"244","h":779},{"pid":"PA245","order":302,"title":"245","h":776},{"pid":"PA246","order":303,"title":"246"},{"pid":"PA247","order":304,"title":"247","h":779},{"pid":"PA248","order":305,"title":"248","h":779},{"pid":"PA249","order":306,"title":"249"},{"pid":"PA250","order":307,"title":"250","h":779},{"pid":"PA251","order":308,"title":"251","h":777},{"pid":"PA252","order":309,"title":"252","h":779},{"pid":"PA253","order":310,"title":"253","h":777},{"pid":"PA254","order":311,"title":"254","h":779},{"pid":"PA255","order":312,"title":"255"},{"pid":"PA257","order":314,"title":"257"},{"pid":"PA258","order":315,"title":"258","h":777},{"pid":"PA259","order":316,"title":"259","h":777},{"pid":"PA260","order":317,"title":"260","h":779},{"pid":"PA261","order":318,"title":"261"},{"pid":"PA262","order":319,"title":"262","h":779},{"pid":"PA263","order":320,"title":"263"},{"pid":"PA264","order":321,"title":"264","h":779},{"pid":"PA265","order":322,"title":"265","h":779},{"pid":"PA266","order":323,"title":"266","h":781},{"pid":"PA267","order":324,"title":"267"},{"pid":"PA268","order":325,"title":"268","h":781},{"pid":"PA269","order":326,"title":"269","h":777},{"pid":"PA270","order":327,"title":"270","h":779},{"pid":"PA271","order":328,"title":"271","h":779},{"pid":"PA272","order":329,"title":"272","h":780},{"pid":"PA273","order":330,"title":"273"},{"pid":"PA274","order":331,"title":"274"},{"pid":"PA275","order":332,"title":"275","h":779},{"pid":"PA276","order":333,"title":"276"},{"pid":"PA277","order":334,"title":"277","h":776},{"pid":"PA278","order":335,"title":"278","h":761},{"pid":"PA279","order":336,"title":"279"},{"pid":"PA280","order":337,"title":"280","h":779},{"pid":"PA281","order":338,"title":"281","h":782},{"pid":"PA282","order":339,"title":"282","h":784},{"pid":"PA283","order":340,"title":"283","h":777},{"pid":"PA284","order":341,"title":"284"},{"pid":"PA285","order":342,"title":"285"},{"pid":"PA286","order":343,"title":"286","h":780},{"pid":"PA287","order":344,"title":"287","h":779},{"pid":"PA288","order":345,"title":"288","h":779},{"pid":"PA289","order":346,"title":"289","h":779},{"pid":"PA290","order":347,"title":"290","h":780},{"pid":"PA291","order":348,"title":"291"},{"pid":"PA292","order":349,"title":"292","h":780},{"pid":"PA293","order":350,"title":"293"},{"pid":"PA294","order":351,"title":"294","h":780},{"pid":"PA295","order":352,"title":"295","h":777},{"pid":"PA296","order":353,"title":"296"},{"pid":"PA296-IA1","order":354,"title":"296","h":779},{"pid":"PA296-IA2","order":355,"title":"296","h":780},{"pid":"PA296-IA3","order":356,"title":"296"},{"pid":"PA296-IA4","order":357,"title":"296","h":779},{"pid":"PA296-IA5","order":358,"title":"296","h":780},{"pid":"PA296-IA6","order":359,"title":"296","h":779},{"pid":"PA296-IA7","order":360,"title":"296"},{"pid":"PA296-IA8","order":361,"title":"296","h":779},{"pid":"PA296-IA9","order":362,"title":"296"},{"pid":"PA296-IA10","order":363,"title":"296","h":779},{"pid":"PA296-IA13","order":366,"title":"296","h":779},{"pid":"PA296-IA14","order":367,"title":"296"},{"pid":"PA296-IA16","order":369,"title":"296","h":780},{"pid":"PA298","order":371,"title":"298","h":780},{"pid":"PA299","order":372,"title":"299","h":783},{"pid":"PA302","order":375,"title":"302","h":786},{"pid":"PA303","order":376,"title":"303"},{"pid":"PA304","order":377,"title":"304","h":779},{"pid":"PA305","order":378,"title":"305","h":780},{"pid":"PA306","order":379,"title":"306","h":782},{"pid":"PA307","order":380,"title":"307"},{"pid":"PA308","order":381,"title":"308","h":781},{"pid":"PA309","order":382,"title":"309","h":780},{"pid":"PA311","order":384,"title":"311","h":779},{"pid":"PA312","order":385,"title":"312","h":780},{"pid":"PA315","order":388,"title":"315","h":780},{"pid":"PA318","order":391,"title":"318","h":779},{"pid":"PA319","order":392,"title":"319"},{"pid":"PA320","order":393,"title":"320","h":776},{"pid":"PA321","order":394,"title":"321","h":777},{"pid":"PA322","order":395,"title":"322","h":780},{"pid":"PA323","order":396,"title":"323","h":777},{"pid":"PA325","order":398,"title":"325","h":780},{"pid":"PA327","order":400,"title":"327","h":777},{"pid":"PA329","order":402,"title":"329"},{"pid":"PA330","order":403,"title":"330","h":780},{"pid":"PA332","order":405,"title":"332","h":776},{"pid":"PA333","order":406,"title":"333","h":777},{"pid":"PA336","order":409,"title":"336","h":777},{"pid":"PA337","order":410,"title":"337"},{"pid":"PA338","order":411,"title":"338","h":776},{"pid":"PA339","order":412,"title":"339","h":777},{"pid":"PA340","order":413,"title":"340"},{"pid":"PA341","order":414,"title":"341"},{"pid":"PA342","order":415,"title":"342","h":779},{"pid":"PA343","order":416,"title":"343"},{"pid":"PA344","order":417,"title":"344","h":779},{"pid":"PA346","order":419,"title":"346","h":780},{"pid":"PA347","order":420,"title":"347","h":777},{"pid":"PA348","order":421,"title":"348","h":777},{"pid":"PA349","order":422,"title":"349","h":776},{"pid":"PA350","order":423,"title":"350","h":776},{"pid":"PA351","order":424,"title":"351","h":777},{"pid":"PA354","order":427,"title":"354","h":779},{"pid":"PA356","order":429,"title":"356"},{"pid":"PA357","order":430,"title":"357"},{"pid":"PA360","order":433,"title":"360","h":779},{"pid":"PA361","order":434,"title":"361","h":776},{"pid":"PA362","order":435,"title":"362","h":779},{"pid":"PA363","order":436,"title":"363","h":777},{"pid":"PA364","order":437,"title":"364","h":779},{"pid":"PA365","order":438,"title":"365","h":779},{"pid":"PA366","order":439,"title":"366"},{"pid":"PA368","order":441,"title":"368","h":780},{"pid":"PA369","order":442,"title":"369","h":779},{"pid":"PA371","order":444,"title":"371","h":779},{"pid":"PA372","order":445,"title":"372","h":780},{"pid":"PA374","order":447,"title":"374","h":783},{"pid":"PA375","order":448,"title":"375","h":780},{"pid":"PA376","order":449,"title":"376","h":779},{"pid":"PA378","order":451,"title":"378","h":779},{"pid":"PA379","order":452,"title":"379","h":780},{"pid":"PA381","order":454,"title":"381","h":777},{"pid":"PA383","order":456,"title":"383","h":776},{"pid":"PA385","order":458,"title":"385","h":776},{"pid":"PA389","order":462,"title":"389"},{"pid":"PA391","order":464,"title":"391","h":779},{"pid":"PA392","order":465,"title":"392"},{"pid":"PA393","order":466,"title":"393","h":779},{"pid":"PA394","order":467,"title":"394","h":780},{"pid":"PA395","order":468,"title":"395","h":779},{"pid":"PA396","order":469,"title":"396","h":780},{"pid":"PA397","order":470,"title":"397","h":783},{"pid":"PA399","order":472,"title":"399"},{"pid":"PA400","order":473,"title":"400","h":779},{"pid":"PA401","order":474,"title":"401"},{"pid":"PA402","order":475,"title":"402"},{"pid":"PA403","order":476,"title":"403"},{"pid":"PA404","order":477,"title":"404","h":777},{"pid":"PA405","order":478,"title":"405","h":779},{"pid":"PA406","order":479,"title":"406","h":779},{"pid":"PA407","order":480,"title":"407"},{"pid":"PA408","order":481,"title":"408","h":779},{"pid":"PA411","order":484,"title":"411","h":777},{"pid":"PA412","order":485,"title":"412"},{"pid":"PA414","order":487,"title":"414"},{"pid":"PA415","order":488,"title":"415","h":777},{"pid":"PA416","order":489,"title":"416","h":777},{"pid":"PA417","order":490,"title":"417"},{"pid":"PA418","order":491,"title":"418"},{"pid":"PA419","order":492,"title":"419","h":779},{"pid":"PA421","order":494,"title":"421"},{"pid":"PA422","order":495,"title":"422","h":779},{"pid":"PA424","order":497,"title":"424"},{"pid":"PA426","order":499,"title":"426","h":779},{"pid":"PA427","order":500,"title":"427","h":777},{"pid":"PA428","order":501,"title":"428","h":777},{"pid":"PA429","order":502,"title":"429","h":779},{"pid":"PA432","order":505,"title":"432","h":779},{"pid":"PA434","order":507,"title":"434","h":779},{"pid":"PA435","order":508,"title":"435"},{"pid":"PA436","order":509,"title":"436","h":777},{"pid":"PA437","order":510,"title":"437"},{"pid":"PA438","order":511,"title":"438","h":777},{"pid":"PA439","order":512,"title":"439","h":777},{"pid":"PA441","order":514,"title":"441","h":777},{"pid":"PA442","order":515,"title":"442"},{"pid":"PA444","order":517,"title":"444","h":777},{"pid":"PA445","order":518,"title":"445","h":777},{"pid":"PA446","order":519,"title":"446","h":777},{"pid":"PA447","order":520,"title":"447"},{"pid":"PA448","order":521,"title":"448"},{"pid":"PA449","order":522,"title":"449","h":777},{"pid":"PA450","order":523,"title":"450","h":777},{"pid":"PA451","order":524,"title":"451","h":777},{"pid":"PA452","order":525,"title":"452"},{"pid":"PA453","order":526,"title":"453","h":777},{"pid":"PA454","order":527,"title":"454","h":776},{"pid":"PA455","order":528,"title":"455","h":777},{"pid":"PA456","order":529,"title":"456","h":779},{"pid":"PA457","order":530,"title":"457","h":783},{"pid":"PA458","order":531,"title":"458","h":784},{"pid":"PA459","order":532,"title":"459"},{"pid":"PA461","order":534,"title":"461","h":779},{"pid":"PA462","order":535,"title":"462","h":779},{"pid":"PA463","order":536,"title":"463","h":780},{"pid":"PA464","order":537,"title":"464","h":780},{"pid":"PA465","order":538,"title":"465","h":779},{"pid":"PA466","order":539,"title":"466","h":779},{"pid":"PA467","order":540,"title":"467"},{"pid":"PA469","order":542,"title":"469","h":779},{"pid":"PA470","order":543,"title":"470","h":779},{"pid":"PA471","order":544,"title":"471","h":779},{"pid":"PA472","order":545,"title":"472"},{"pid":"PA473","order":546,"title":"473","h":779},{"pid":"PA475","order":548,"title":"475"},{"pid":"PA478","order":551,"title":"478","h":779},{"pid":"PA479","order":552,"title":"479","h":777},{"pid":"PA480","order":553,"title":"480","h":777},{"pid":"PA483","order":556,"title":"483"},{"pid":"PA484","order":557,"title":"484"},{"pid":"PA487","order":560,"title":"487"},{"pid":"PA489","order":562,"title":"489","h":779},{"pid":"PA490","order":563,"title":"490","h":780},{"pid":"PA491","order":564,"title":"491","h":781},{"pid":"PA492","order":565,"title":"492","h":782},{"pid":"PA493","order":566,"title":"493","h":777},{"pid":"PA494","order":567,"title":"494"},{"pid":"PA495","order":568,"title":"495"},{"pid":"PA496","order":569,"title":"496","h":779},{"pid":"PA497","order":570,"title":"497","h":779},{"pid":"PA498","order":571,"title":"498","h":779},{"pid":"PA499","order":572,"title":"499","h":776},{"pid":"PA501","order":574,"title":"501","h":777},{"pid":"PA502","order":575,"title":"502"},{"pid":"PA503","order":576,"title":"503"},{"pid":"PA505","order":578,"title":"505","h":777},{"pid":"PA506","order":579,"title":"506","h":779},{"pid":"PA507","order":580,"title":"507"},{"pid":"PA508","order":581,"title":"508","h":779},{"pid":"PA509","order":582,"title":"509","h":779},{"pid":"PA513","order":586,"title":"513"},{"pid":"PA515","order":588,"title":"515","h":780},{"pid":"PA517","order":590,"title":"517","h":777},{"pid":"PA518","order":591,"title":"518","h":779},{"pid":"PA520","order":593,"title":"520","h":779},{"pid":"PA522","order":595,"title":"522"},{"pid":"PA524","order":597,"title":"524"},{"pid":"PA525","order":598,"title":"525"},{"pid":"PA526","order":599,"title":"526","h":780},{"pid":"PA535","order":608,"title":"535","h":777},{"pid":"PA537","order":610,"title":"537"},{"pid":"PA538","order":611,"title":"538","h":779},{"pid":"PA539","order":612,"title":"539","h":777},{"pid":"PA542","order":615,"title":"542"},{"pid":"PA543","order":616,"title":"543","h":777},{"pid":"PA545","order":618,"title":"545","h":777},{"pid":"PA548","order":621,"title":"548"},{"pid":"PA550","order":623,"title":"550","h":779},{"pid":"PA553","order":626,"title":"553","h":779},{"pid":"PA554","order":627,"title":"554"},{"pid":"PA556","order":629,"title":"556","h":779},{"pid":"PA560","order":633,"title":"560","h":779},{"pid":"PA561","order":634,"title":"561"},{"pid":"PA563","order":636,"title":"563","h":776},{"pid":"PA565","order":638,"title":"565","h":779},{"pid":"PA567","order":640,"title":"567","h":777},{"pid":"PA569","order":642,"title":"569","h":777},{"pid":"PA570","order":643,"title":"570","h":780},{"pid":"PA571","order":644,"title":"571","h":777},{"pid":"PA572","order":645,"title":"572"},{"pid":"PA573","order":646,"title":"573","h":777},{"pid":"PT2","flags":64,"order":723,"h":742}],"prefix":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C\u0026lpg=PP1\u0026dq=subject:%22History+/+Middle+East+/+General%22"},{"fullview":false,"page_width":575,"page_height":778,"font_height":12,"first_content_page":16,"disable_twopage":false,"initial_zoom_width_override":685,"show_print_pages_button":false,"title":"The Crusades","subtitle":"Islamic Perspectives","attribution":"By Carole Hillenbrand","additional_info":{"[JsonBookInfo]":{"BuyLinks":[{"Seller":"Psychology Press","Url":"http://www.psypress.com/9781579582104","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-tandf_us_psychology_press\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=6UP-vjDzbB8C\u0026q=http://www.psypress.com/9781579582104\u0026usg=AOvVaw1XnIPzcA-oPH1oAXFdLHEs","IsPublisher":true},{"Seller":"Amazon.com","Url":"http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?index=books\u0026linkCode=qs\u0026keywords=9781579582104","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-tandf_us_psychology_press\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=6UP-vjDzbB8C\u0026q=http://www.amazon.com/gp/search%3Findex%3Dbooks%26linkCode%3Dqs%26keywords%3D9781579582104\u0026usg=AOvVaw0iUM_ude3XqwYnACmM_oXU"},{"Seller":"MPH","Url":"http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx?do=detail\u0026pcode=9781579582104","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-tandf_us_psychology_press\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=6UP-vjDzbB8C\u0026q=http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx%3Fdo%3Ddetail%26pcode%3D9781579582104\u0026usg=AOvVaw2MtxAHgYyxREpPrZoU2YuM"},{"Seller":"Popular","Url":"https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/?q=9781579582104","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-tandf_us_psychology_press\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=6UP-vjDzbB8C\u0026q=https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/%3Fq%3D9781579582104\u0026usg=AOvVaw34WyjECDVvbk2lwj6mCt7j"}],"AboutUrl":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C","PreviewUrl":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C","allowed_syndication_flags":{"allow_disabling_chrome":true},"TocLine":[{"Title":"Expanded Contents List ","Pid":"PR15","PgNum":"xv","Order":16},{"Title":"Preface by Yasir Suleiman ","Pid":"PR37","PgNum":"xxxvii","Order":38},{"Title":"Key to Abbreviations Used in the Text ","Pid":"PR51","PgNum":"li","Order":52},{"Title":"Expanded Contents List ","Pid":"PA1","PgNum":"1","Order":58},{"Title":"The Nature of Medieval Muslim Sources ","Pid":"PA9","PgNum":"9","Order":66},{"Title":"Prologue I ","Pid":"PA31","PgNum":"31","Order":88},{"Title":"The Eastern Perspective Seljuq Disunity 48549210921099 ","Pid":"PA38","PgNum":"38","Order":95},{"Title":"A Summary of the State of the Islamic Lands on the Eve of the First Crusade ","Pid":"PA47","PgNum":"47","Order":104},{"Title":"Muslim Accounts ","Pid":"PA54","PgNum":"54","Order":111},{"Title":"The Conquest of Jerusalem ","Pid":"PA63","PgNum":"63","Order":120},{"Title":"Muslim Reactions to the First Crusade and the Establishment of ","Pid":"PA69","PgNum":"69","Order":126},{"Title":"Crusader Expansionism and Muslim Disunity 49151810991124 ","Pid":"PA76","PgNum":"76","Order":133},{"Title":"Tailpiece ","Pid":"PA83","PgNum":"83","Order":140},{"Title":"Jihad in the Period 49356911001174 ","Pid":"PA89","PgNum":"89","Order":146},{"Title":"Spiritual Jihad the Greater Jihad ","Pid":"PA97","PgNum":"97","Order":154},{"Title":"The Lack of Jihad Spirit in Syria and Palestine ","Pid":"PA103","PgNum":"103","Order":160},{"Title":"Zengi and the Fall of Edessa ","Pid":"PA112","PgNum":"112","Order":169},{"Title":"The Religious Dimensions of the Career of Nur alDin ","Pid":"PA118","PgNum":"118","Order":175},{"Title":"The Image of Nur alDin in the Written Sources ","Pid":"PA132","PgNum":"132","Order":189},{"Title":"The General Status of Jerusalem in the Medieval Islamic World ","Pid":"PA141","PgNum":"141","Order":198},{"Title":"The Role of Jerusalem in the Propaganda of the CounterCrusade ","Pid":"PA150","PgNum":"150","Order":207},{"Title":"Jihad Literature from the Time of Nur alDin ","Pid":"PA161","PgNum":"161","Order":218},{"Title":"Jihad in the Period from the Death of Nur alDin until ","Pid":"PA171","PgNum":"171","Order":228},{"Title":"The Evidence of the Medieval Muslim Chroniclers ","Pid":"PA180","PgNum":"180","Order":237},{"Title":"Saladin and Jerusalem ","Pid":"PA188","PgNum":"188","Order":245},{"Title":"Nur alDin and Saladin a Comparison ","Pid":"PA193","PgNum":"193","Order":250},{"Title":"A Hollow Sham? ","Pid":"PA204","PgNum":"204","Order":261},{"Title":"The Fate of Jerusalem in the Ayyubid Period ","Pid":"PA211","PgNum":"211","Order":268},{"Title":"The Power of the Preacher to Rouse the Populace to Jihad ","Pid":"PA223","PgNum":"223","Order":280},{"Title":"The Jihad Titulature of the Mamluks Evidence of Monumental ","Pid":"PA230","PgNum":"230","Order":287},{"Title":"The Attitude to Jihad amongst the Military and Religious Classes ","Pid":"PA237","PgNum":"237","Order":294},{"Title":"An Overview ","Pid":"PA243","PgNum":"243","Order":300},{"Title":"Jihad in More Recent Times ","Pid":"PA250","PgNum":"250","Order":307},{"Title":"How the Muslims Saw the Franks Ethnic ","Pid":"PA257","PgNum":"257","Order":314},{"Title":"The Value of Popular Folk Literature ","Pid":"PA263","PgNum":"263","Order":320},{"Title":"Later Medieval Views of the Franks in the Cosmographical ","Pid":"PA271","PgNum":"271","Order":328},{"Title":"The Religious Dimension ","Pid":"PA282","PgNum":"282","Order":339},{"Title":"The Frankish Threat to the Pilgrimage and to the Holy Cities ","Pid":"PA291","PgNum":"291","Order":348},{"Title":"The Evidence of Contemporary Muslim Poetry ","Pid":"PA297","PgNum":"297","Order":370},{"Title":"Whats in a Name? ","Pid":"PA303","PgNum":"303","Order":376},{"Title":"Muslim Polemic and Propaganda about Frankish Christianity ","Pid":"PA310","PgNum":"310","Order":383},{"Title":"The Propaganda Value of Saladins Magnanimity ","Pid":"PA316","PgNum":"316","Order":389},{"Title":"Aspects of Life in the Levant in the Crusading Period ","Pid":"PA329","PgNum":"329","Order":402},{"Title":"Muslim Views of the Frankish Leadership ","Pid":"PA336","PgNum":"336","Order":409},{"Title":"Frankish women ","Pid":"PA347","PgNum":"347","Order":420},{"Title":"Was the Frankish Lifestyle Influenced by the Muslims? ","Pid":"PA354","PgNum":"354","Order":427},{"Title":"Travel ","Pid":"PA366","PgNum":"366","Order":439},{"Title":"The Incidence of Conversion amongst Muslims and Franks ","Pid":"PA375","PgNum":"375","Order":448},{"Title":"Cultural Exchanges between Muslims and Franks the Evidence ","Pid":"PA381","PgNum":"381","Order":454},{"Title":"The LongTerm Effects of CrusaderMuslim Contact ","Pid":"PA391","PgNum":"391","Order":464},{"Title":"Conclusions ","Pid":"PA419","PgNum":"419","Order":492},{"Title":"Armies Arms Armour and Fortifications ","Pid":"PA431","PgNum":"431","Order":504},{"Title":"The Aims of this Chapter ","Pid":"PA432","PgNum":"432","Order":505},{"Title":"The Mirrors for Princes Literature ","Pid":"PA439","PgNum":"439","Order":512},{"Title":"The Arms and Armour of the Muslims ","Pid":"PA450","PgNum":"450","Order":523},{"Title":"Fortifications in the Levant in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries ","Pid":"PA467","PgNum":"467","Order":540},{"Title":"The Conduct of War ","Pid":"PA511","PgNum":"511","Order":584},{"Title":"Battles ","Pid":"PA518","PgNum":"518","Order":591},{"Title":"Muslim Accounts of Individual Sieges ","Pid":"PA533","PgNum":"533","Order":606},{"Title":"General Remarks ","Pid":"PA540","PgNum":"540","Order":613},{"Title":"The Naval Dimension ","Pid":"PA556","PgNum":"556","Order":629},{"Title":"An Overview of the Value of the Islamic Sources on the Conduct of War ","Pid":"PA578","PgNum":"578","Order":651},{"Title":"Epilogue The Heritage of the Crusades ","Pid":"PA589","PgNum":"589","Order":662},{"Title":"Some General Reflections ","Pid":"PA611","PgNum":"611","Order":684},{"Title":"Bibliography ","Pid":"PA617","PgNum":"617","Order":690}]}},"table_of_contents_page_id":"PR7","max_resolution_image_width":1280,"max_resolution_image_height":1731,"num_toc_pages":7,"quality_info":"We know this book has perfect quality.","volume_id":"6UP-vjDzbB8C","permission_info":"Pages displayed by permission of \u003ca class=link_aux href=\"https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C\u0026pg=PP1\u0026q=http://www.psypress.com\u0026clientid=ca-print-tandf_us_psychology_press\u0026linkid=1\u0026usg=AOvVaw0DVhhGqZAljwaRnCuLNZDL\u0026source=gbs_pub_info_r\"\u003ePsychology Press\u003c/a\u003e","is_ebook":false,"volumeresult":{"has_flowing_text":false,"has_scanned_text":true,"can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false},"publisher":"Psychology Press","publication_date":"1999","subject":"History","num_pages":648,"sample_url":"https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C\u0026source=gbs_vpt_hover","synposis":"Coinciding with the 900th anniversary of the Crusades, this book is the first general introduction to some of the wider aspects of the history of the Crusades. Prepared by Carole Hillenbrand, a leading authority with a world-wide reputation, The The Crusade is unique in covering the Crusades from the Muslim perspective; it is also a timely reflection on how the phenomenon of the Crusades influenced the Muslim world, then and now--militarily, culturally, and psychologically. The Crusades discusses a group of themes designed to highlight how Muslims reacted to the alien presence of the Crusaders in the heart of traditional Muslim territory. Ideological concerns are examined, and the importance of the concept of jihad is assessed in the context of the gradual recovery of the Holy Land and the expulsion of the Crusaders. There are also chapters devoted to an analysis of the warfare--arms, battles, sieges, fortifications--on the basis of written sources and extant works of art. Also extensively discussed is the complex issue of the interaction between Muslims and Crusaders in a social, economic, and cultural setting. The epilogue traces the profound impact of the Crusades on Muslim consciousness up to the present day. The Crusades is also lavishly illustrated with 500 black-and-white pictures and two full color-plate sections.","my_library_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fop%3Dlibrary\u0026hl=en","is_magazine":false,"is_public_domain":false},{"enableUserFeedbackUI":true,"pseudocontinuous":true,"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3D6UP-vjDzbB8C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dsubject:%2522History%2B/%2BMiddle%2BEast%2B/%2BGeneral%2522%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26redir_esc%3Dy\u0026hl=en","isEntityPageViewport":false,"showViewportOnboarding":false,"showViewportPlainTextOnboarding":false},{"page":[{"pid":"PP1","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C\u0026pg=PP1\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U3fPgfoOHdhnFLHm0tmCCXV7yC0CQ","flags":32,"order":0,"uf":"https://books.google.com.sg/books_feedback?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C\u0026spid=AFLRE70NXRLrYyBFtS1Z6SRfTsVAatr4E0LwrGc-bbDHssnqIURGPc4\u0026ftype=0"},{"pid":"PR3","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C\u0026pg=PR3\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U2QpLGys8SSv3wvE_yxXWp95Ykdpg"},{"pid":"PR4","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C\u0026pg=PR4\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U3imE0XV6twebi3EOJfSnqNyGeCnw"},{"pid":"PR7","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=6UP-vjDzbB8C\u0026pg=PR7\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U3B4NpTC1KgX5UYEfOQO4N3_ckOUA"}]},null,null,{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>