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Examples include, but not limited to: Baldwin rules, Burgi Dunitz Trajectory, Curtin-Hammet Principle, etc."><link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20240420192227cs_/https://organicchemistrydata.org/_assets/css/icons.css"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227/https://fonts.gstatic.com/" crossorigin=""><link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227/https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:bold|Open+Sans:regular,italic,bold,bolditatlic&display=swap"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227cs_/https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:bold|Open+Sans:regular,italic,bold,bolditatlic&display=swap" media="print" onload="this.media='all'; this.onload=null;"><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227cs_/https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:bold|Open+Sans:regular,italic,bold,bolditatlic&display=swap"></noscript><link 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Textbook</a></div></li></ul></div></nav></div><div class="w-100 page-title-static mx-0 pt-1 pb-0 d-flex justify-content-center"><h1 class="text-center pl-5 my-auto">Named Rules and Effects in Organic Chemistry</h1></div><section class="flex-fill"><div class="wrapper"><nav id="sidebar" class="px-0 pt-2 pb-4"><div class="sidebar-header text-center"><p class="d-inline-flex align-self-center my-1 font-weight-bold">List</p></div><div id="navbar-left"><ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column"><li class="nav-item border-bottom"><a href="#effect-baldwin" class="nav-link px-1 py-1">Baldwin Rules for Ring Closure</a></li><li class="nav-item border-bottom"><a href="#effect-bredt" class="nav-link px-1 py-1">Bredt's Rule</a></li><li class="nav-item border-bottom"><a href="#Effects-Burgi-Dunitz" class="nav-link px-1 py-1">Burgi-Dunitz Trajectory</a></li><li class="nav-item border-bottom"><a href="#effects-cieplak" class="nav-link px-1 py-1">Cieplak Model for Nucleophilic Addition to Double Bonds</a></li><li class="nav-item border-bottom"><a href="#effects-cornforth" class="nav-link px-1 py-1">Cornforth Model for Asymmetric Induction</a></li><li class="nav-item border-bottom"><a href="#effects-cram-chelation" class="nav-link px-1 py-1">Cram-Chelation Model for Nucleophilic Addition to 伪-Chiral Aldehydes.</a></li><li class="nav-item border-bottom"><a href="#effects-curtin-hammett" class="nav-link px-1 py-1">Curtin-Hammett Principle</a></li><li class="nav-item border-bottom"><a href="#effects-platt-furstner" class="nav-link px-1 py-1">F眉rst-Plattner Rule (Trans Diaxial Effect)</a></li><li class="nav-item border-bottom"><a href="#Effects-Felkin" class="nav-link px-1 py-1">Felkin Model for Stereochemistry of Nucleophilic Addition to Cyclohexanone</a></li><li class="nav-item border-bottom"><a href="#effects-felkin-ahn" class="nav-link px-1 py-1">Felkin-Anh Model for Non-Chelated Aldehydes</a></li><li class="nav-item border-bottom"><a href="#effects-hammond" class="nav-link px-1 py-1">Hammond's Postulate</a></li><li class="nav-item border-bottom"><a href="#effects-henbest" class="nav-link px-1 py-1">Henbest Effect</a></li><li class="nav-item border-bottom"><a href="#effect-markovnikov" class="nav-link px-1 py-1">Markovnikov's Rule.</a></li><li class="nav-item border-bottom"><a href="#effects-stork-eschenmoser" class="nav-link px-1 py-1">Stork-Eschenmoser Hypothesis</a></li><li class="nav-item border-bottom"><a href="#effects-thorpe-ingold" class="nav-link px-1 py-1">Thorpe-Ingold Effect (Gem Dimethyl Effect)</a></li><li class="nav-item border-bottom"><a href="#effects-woodward" class="nav-link px-1 py-1">Woodward's Rules for Conj. Carbonyls UV-Vis</a></li><li class="nav-item border-bottom"><a href="#effects-woodward-fieser" class="nav-link px-1 py-1">Woodward-Fieser Rules for Dienes UV-Vis Absorption Maxima</a></li><li class="nav-item border-bottom"><a href="#effects-zimmerman-traxler" class="nav-link px-1 py-1">Zimmerman-Traxler Transition State for Aldol Condensation</a></li></ul></div></nav><div id="content"><button type="button" id="sidebarCollapse" class="btn btn-info d-inline-block ml-auto mr-3" title="Toggle List"><i class="icon-angle-double-left"></i></button><div class="full-list container px-0 mx-0"><ul class="list-group list-group-flush"><li class="list-group-item py-5" id="effect-baldwin"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABkAAAAZCAYAAADE6YVjAAAACXBIWXMAAAPoAAAD6AG1e1JrAAAHjklEQVRIx11VaU9c5xW+eAU74GHfMYyH1YOhQIHYjoPtAUxCFKPGxJENTiHGMQ1gDAwehrn79m53GXBct4ritorU1mqrfotUNbHaL1G/9Ev7G/oz3OfOJFLVkY7unXvPPc9ZnvO80r/WNi5+l85MvdrL3fwmnZn9dvfJe3/dfTL7zXb65tfbu9N/yMpvPrfIec6ChCC8M+B+VyiC7rwIezzqdwuXd/vML1goDro9GnR5LGxmrijf13iJFP3+nJUv/U4z3/vKIvd+Yzh3f61bCy80c+FXqrH4pWZ+BIC5kIgbgngp7vLrPvMmAx5MhTyY9qk/iWcpn37/TORv+CxIceIPMkfUZzPa0QKIT1i/T8U1ON1GgNvI9kPm0FuReUTMedSbhU0KIvBxAWTq/0Cu430KzyZDEQIkRDLeIC2CHCuAUNttpQ49zwi/jOslYpMxx3JHXJuOU5f9mLm8n7viHHdogtq0K/IlDh3A9QJ8+5jDOgHe4zGvT1DRL6jXRWzWBJDT2xu7R6TXAHFN46RlGJWWZbeahtmq60atkpNjuG80DavJMq0qJWccU2X5mKqqZbqmxfb396sVWa6Rc3K1Y9pnXJtUuZZTa1tOPfzPmKZ10jTtI1ERsporFCNZmlYBp7NwbuPUrzBk+QRzSRN1aRenXiuxRdnDz1aPPMk8KVUUpWIvk6lEIvW6qje5tluHqpqIQ1pRYbtjuzWGYZ9c3XhYiG2oqiQFlJR6lLeANUNgyHDAw07XdNBCch6tGvV5MBB6+Tja0Uhs2sxs1kIs0sxd1sGJ6MQ3kXWhVX2YWxKtTbgWqbZ0Wrr6mBarCLnfCoCRQASzCPg+7qMhX/WomMFAb2Kg7wIEgw3fAj2vYNiXPeJdRuAJMAnmvw2/K7DrAQvAsvw1+CUFC+s1UxTZdSCQqQgjds373I8YNo8Pb2OAYJd3Gx/fxru7CHhHEP8Ons1jP+YQcNZjfqpAbSKuIbEpJDANkIhhSPqwWbe8H0DCbgQZRbBrKBl0FFF2uPqgqz+F/ync4+pNoxUzCDgpqP9WyMMxAA9wh1+gDkObeD/+D+b9w8G8d5g4DJ9VEeYXhi997uUrkQUoR+MYXicIkHBMp9MxXdy7vaBpD2bRB+s1dStpGXa3Y5PWg+CwCstXZmnWKUMxylzDLgPgqbz/9NSB/6z0i59/efTV119JBzuhJKVXliVLt46bunkaFjM0ozK7l41l9/ZimUwmFlHWMqwa4rhNDhIAm86CddXPf/HFiW9ffVfiiaclnsNKUF3JoX8g/e/PyajFG2bZ5czhDVi0BLFoH3PZBdhAdMVS9qOyCzBsMB0F26IBX0FbRmC9CJxAmyJNg3mdsDgkJVrEctd0j0onUtJ//v5bSeIOacfWDgMIEiGmEWQGs3gXTItsBq2cBmAkH7N4Hg38AwC8g4BTIEcqkhtRGLx3FcSYgI1y4nWgvW989vSl9M/dJUkShHaD85eQ5fsIdBM2h8x+gr24BZA5ZDuDdxNIYAIEiAxEiAJGJPGuFQEE/kc09t+G/1hUIRKrSD/7o/TvgQaAUNaEB93QnyHBvMGoTQAdBKt+lPcP+gNxAOkO4sj+HFgYB4XbIe8tSKQDO5UA7TsRPFrMNgTvAK3bfZGvQ5Vl9os/FWciuDi5m96tTafTTemddIuiqHWu7TSCac2M8kZCWFU2m6tcW1uv+dnqavXjzccx27TLfM4rOKNVrutWa7pZsbm59caDBw/qlpaWahcXFss/XVkpef36tTRxdVKSFE2V7ty5U7m8tNS6+nC1M7cvN7oOadA1CKWs1MmyHNva2qpeXl5uu//J/cTG+kYiescIrXVsu9E0zWZNN2rWNx7F7t27F19cXOxauLvQvLG+eTwq4qMPbknS+tqq9OH8fOzTlQcdCJBUckocatqqqVqLqmptuDaB0m3r6+t962vrA9tbO0lDM5tB6UbHstqguu26bjY8QoU//fjj+PLSJ70r91c6Mpn9sghkIQLhllO2n8k2qvvKgK4Y4xC/YTDjvG04vbbp9EIoe1zTTmqyOqrm1Mta5GPTfsywD5bEDPuxsN1Y3HN4f0FX9DFN0ZOORWu85y+Kx++hF7TloV8Y6nVoWAoDhsB5ExjcVQzxOicsRWz3HQSaBYtu+BBKbPoYfN+EXYJdhP8o6D2KGON4dwU+Qzjjm3WTHP8BJA6QoQgESgsLUqBvtAOTnBZ2ZJpY7gwynY6WEbQGQH44L/IjAMDREAzCdwAgUYwRxBhHokmc8Y2G8T3I0yDfEEQ0ZN4QMh9EkCFG2HDeIWOh5YwHpnMRp984WjeCLU5Sl2OrxVl80waax3FEtAUi3xSIMFqFaLETsFZqi5hukKIKO4Z+3DLtCgSqRa+rBPdiRDcqXypK48vsfvz3itZzqBod3LDqFFWL7WX2Tu+m0+WqokQ6V2Madmx7a7f00ePNk3uZbAV07gwE9jR3iwpMbYLjUds/CuGrLB6jrMolvPRZTin7h6zW/y0nd/0lp/a/yKnxp7pZq1t2pa7pMQDUWobZgn1pty23eWd7N7azs3Mml801IE4NKjrzefjLElk3JGq50n8BfgQb7MQ3qdMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="img-fluid lazyload" alt="Baldwin Rules for Ring Closure" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227/https://res.cloudinary.com/ocd/image/fetch/q_auto,f_auto/https://organicchemistrydata.org/hansreich/resources/named_effects/named_effects_data/effect-baldwin.gif" width="646" height="659"></li><li class="list-group-item py-5" id="effect-bredt"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="img-fluid lazyload" alt="Bredt's Rule" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227/https://res.cloudinary.com/ocd/image/fetch/q_auto,f_auto/https://organicchemistrydata.org/hansreich/resources/named_effects/named_effects_data/effect-bredt.gif" width="633" height="207"></li><li class="list-group-item py-5" id="Effects-Burgi-Dunitz"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABkAAAASCAYAAACuLnWgAAAACXBIWXMAAAPoAAAD6AG1e1JrAAAFyUlEQVQ4y41UWVNTZxg+bEUFIQuEsCUIAZKwKNqK1I1RwIiobFrZbVUU2QOJ7CAmZ/n2s4RouahTba2DTsdOp51pp3e9bG960Zn+mvYN9rIXzcwz55sv53uf932e53zSb9PTLb9GH7X9srJx5adHK10/zi90/jA737a3EGl6trrhlWXVrcZkN1ZRCVK1UqrhcqKiUkFEucUTHpOaHqqxEqxgN0XMzRAtSj1hDyDsSOEHpJ8XI/5361vNr7fltlebT9q/Wt28+GJl7dzu+taHYlsOYo3UEhX7GWZBimgA4CcaqWaI+QXVg4LoPihYCiSFRKMFRMNOqlEnEDmZJg4jlWdLRkz26ipu5iq9BrjOFHKVKbiTKPgyUcglKNoJhy7DsxWKnMAqqYeCjbBuBoIUjsNUAXjHA4WLkIJssLbB2saQyMGqyJKwrFVAgWaskE442IlVGqKYhaC7SxyJkMCiCwpd4Vg0c2J4scacBNESQCUnwgv/FZvcKtCJkSNoMlP6rx+V1UamQccqHQMJ9iGoGBOYDwusj0KRz3RqwJ5xTrCdkmh05cBCeKFo8uFk1fxsuHJtac1jUKMEmnDBe/k6TxxM6IksQc20O6MTElGZJDFFO8ERvQSGjQDBIGAIOvwEJOgHgj6d6gM6NXt0Zh5/lnxusxc6Mtrb24va2i5W9Pb0eoGogKjEDmecOhVOS9+xW8I6CGfSU0Po1NonOcY02sYxGwKCAcAthvg16CwEuAAkHWDwOZ0ZAcvYtd/ou3mgo73DdfHCBW9/X783Eo66wSMXBMMtCC82heUG+WwGs7KRaqR9nnwGJCoKAsl5jvkNprFeAgGg+6SiFcY/DftnkYxOYhU3gmQ+WPuWIkt1kfBiw+rSWgN4FwCpgxyxOlCjDqbxG9zymGInz2BPs3ZfwCQ6otU6EWfAuKs60dtAolPxx/ETSkw5psTkBk6YH8laNVZQDUgSNJgZhO+jFib0MY1Xg+YQZ14NzcCTVAnKvUBSZOnJQxz/GwSL6iUG1RvB5NPgw7GN1a3AxPjDppmp8MfL0Y2TnJiB7c1t38zk9NHF+ejJteXHENtEA0N6KrZ+mLgeGmuAoDTCJPUM0xqDm54dI+lImrsHE9ZuupTkVh5oWq7E1NrYtlw+NjLgaj1/xdt9fbzh9uh6tRz7ouje3Tv2y6FQRXd3X/XEg9kAwzulglrlOuUAUQN+HeGEl8E35NJkpQD8dZrcdMA0OYzBNPN3Z6TJicnccHihcHJu1tHedcveHtr03BrgTXfGX9ZGV78p7OjuyTlz9nTJ1a7eygfj4YAa3ymjKFGmUwZk3AfB8KSMRwp2AIkDAlAAAXAm9GQu50ASX1mRBkdGsiOTU/ZEZNH1ekkuTsy98canXtfrC2/9e+tJz5tINH96cPDw8Oi9/NVluVCVEw5OLLvBuI1T7mKE2+D6ORTbjmdtb2xkIVnNgpR+AB9vpqLqadLff/4lVQUC2f2tra6NgaGKvfCTipfRryv0+2adNYEav4/Eq/7gT217QuQybBZixSxFAKKZLrgsCyB1heBFgcGMApMZDpDOAZPZBTdzGdez9o1/2dYhZeblHbrR0lKxcXOw6e3so7ovZ1YrtZufBuno/VOvphaPfhdH5QkVw20LUcX8OJjdBHfTUZAnCJGuhf0a2KtNJQwS6ANUcWoUEyJyZIokaa65WTrocOb0nz1zZK5vuMl6sOiLDE2UDbeGKh/2DJ7Yuj1dk4gTuLaxFzpugkItoHkLyNEMJMeABFJGgEBA0ngq5u+J3pPkKkyTpJYKr3TYXfzBeNcV+/rYQ+/uQsw1NTjj7Dgbco51D3imh+67tM14HmjugGIeSFFVCjCJV5ORW40jB5KxDSvUDunKhwAAeD7F+iFVZVkzm48l6fd33+7LtqvF0tUVkovWeO7M3eWcMt9HmRfau7NvjoQzkzvP09WYksYJzTC4yIBEZYDZ6ZgaadL/+P0DrGPWiGFV8JgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="img-fluid lazyload" alt="Burgi-Dunitz Trajectory " data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227/https://res.cloudinary.com/ocd/image/fetch/q_auto,f_auto/https://organicchemistrydata.org/hansreich/resources/named_effects/named_effects_data/Effects-Burgi-Dunitz.gif" width="626" height="441"></li><li class="list-group-item py-5" id="effects-cieplak"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="img-fluid lazyload" alt="Cieplak Model for Nucleophilic Addition to Double Bonds" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227/https://res.cloudinary.com/ocd/image/fetch/q_auto,f_auto/https://organicchemistrydata.org/hansreich/resources/named_effects/named_effects_data/effects-cieplak.gif" width="705" height="142"></li><li class="list-group-item py-5" id="effects-cornforth"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="img-fluid lazyload" alt="Cornforth Model for Asymmetric Induction" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227/https://res.cloudinary.com/ocd/image/fetch/q_auto,f_auto/https://organicchemistrydata.org/hansreich/resources/named_effects/named_effects_data/effects-cornforth.gif" width="695" height="238"></li><li class="list-group-item py-5" id="effects-cram-chelation"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="img-fluid lazyload" alt="Cram-Chelation Model for Nucleophilic Addition to 伪-Chiral Aldehydes." data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227/https://res.cloudinary.com/ocd/image/fetch/q_auto,f_auto/https://organicchemistrydata.org/hansreich/resources/named_effects/named_effects_data/effects-cram-chelation.gif" width="697" height="216"></li><li class="list-group-item py-5" id="effects-curtin-hammett"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="img-fluid lazyload" alt="Curtin-Hammett Principle " data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227/https://res.cloudinary.com/ocd/image/fetch/q_auto,f_auto/https://organicchemistrydata.org/hansreich/resources/named_effects/named_effects_data/effects-curtin-hammett.gif" width="629" height="287"></li><li class="list-group-item py-5" id="effects-platt-furstner"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="img-fluid lazyload" alt="F眉rst-Plattner Rule (Trans Diaxial Effect)" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227/https://res.cloudinary.com/ocd/image/fetch/q_auto,f_auto/https://organicchemistrydata.org/hansreich/resources/named_effects/named_effects_data/effects-platt-furstner.gif" width="638" height="926"></li><li class="list-group-item py-5" id="Effects-Felkin"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="img-fluid lazyload" alt="Felkin Model for Stereochemistry of Nucleophilic Addition to Cyclohexanone" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227/https://res.cloudinary.com/ocd/image/fetch/q_auto,f_auto/https://organicchemistrydata.org/hansreich/resources/named_effects/named_effects_data/Effects-Felkin.gif" width="736" height="1109"></li><li class="list-group-item py-5" id="effects-felkin-ahn"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABkAAAALCAYAAACK9ybzAAAACXBIWXMAAAPoAAAD6AG1e1JrAAADhElEQVQ4y21TW08dZRQdbMKhrS3nkCOhLXI5BVuLCAckphLBllshXDxRvBVs4oMPRqMtAc79zP2b7z4z5RCaGrxhbEy0Jmp8M9Hy6KM/wR/iGnx1kpX9zZ7JWnuvvT/jr88+zh0Xd4efVMoTf+5s5Z9s3xv5Y3vrxePtreHjTz4a/v3upxO/lUpzv9Rriz9Y9uTntneNU9EnqejXTOc0DwciEQ+EMsqFIsyJQPRLqnq1iLsivf80cMr4ubhz8dtK5fmjWi3/qFIZ+h7nb8qVoe+KxSuP793t+6lUeu6R7U4e+WTuCyqmY0InOOWjPOB5kOYhMBbKeFxxhZzIB14wSgl/gVPVH6r7mcDnrQYhQdo07QHbdEY8h1ylhOV8jw5alnvJc0lWo6pYxtORjAqxjgsgW1VMrkgqlzXXq+hkDUBeryFXYISvcipnBVMjUdjsJB5rNZjnpa26lbMb9lXP9nuI61/wHL/XNu0u3/EzwqMXFVMvA7e0CJckIggXIDaPOI/3eXQ1xwJ+AwIJXoWdY5zJvijaP2+Z7imDu1abWW10WXW72zbdrGe57Y7lZM2GlQ58ek4Q1i0D/gqqXAHhGrAC8mWILkomF2DRDCPsuqByFLimmL6ieNirRJRp7j1M1fe+Moymis7UyrVsuVjN7u6Uztl1+2xlt9yxu13qKO6UznPCLomAT8CiRRAvY6hLIFoSgbyVdEB9OkV9lgcGYVOPFvrZWO9dANKx3k+xQLcYTX2/rVapZSulamelXO0IPHa2UW08Uy3XgWpWUH4ZmzQNkTch8hZE3kDF64yIAid8jROxiNm8hu26Hqt4HOfxUEQjWkT9kWqmNYufMg7i/TbXcjNmw+4w62a75Pq053h4d9KOaXcqKoY0uoBdm4rKDcTb6GQTYu/hDIh3IP52UgC2bR0i65hdAf9MSR5edlx62jjce2AwQltpwFMBoam4+aAFNqQ4l62c0AxmMiQIX0LVm7gDicgdECTYUCeC6jaIN2HTHc3V+8ihAPku7FxAt0OuR9NG8hw+PDS+/vKo5cfHvxr+P38bB82DliQfMXUGAgPAFERWIZLM5HWs7MnqhjxcUcki/LcMSUzmNisDOY2FeCnwWc52g3bj/54PNz44iX7DSQVu0MN8NiaouIGKpxVVsxC4ids+A+9vQugk4h7N4PukZiqPggZ5ILtxRzKez1r/BWEi4uzuWeMIAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" class="img-fluid lazyload" alt="Felkin-Anh Model for Non-Chelated Aldehydes" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227/https://res.cloudinary.com/ocd/image/fetch/q_auto,f_auto/https://organicchemistrydata.org/hansreich/resources/named_effects/named_effects_data/effects-felkin-ahn.gif" width="712" height="327"></li><li class="list-group-item py-5" id="effects-hammond"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="img-fluid lazyload" alt="Hammond's Postulate " data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227/https://res.cloudinary.com/ocd/image/fetch/q_auto,f_auto/https://organicchemistrydata.org/hansreich/resources/named_effects/named_effects_data/effects-hammond.gif" width="628" height="191"></li><li class="list-group-item py-5" id="effects-henbest"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="img-fluid lazyload" alt="Henbest Effect" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227/https://res.cloudinary.com/ocd/image/fetch/q_auto,f_auto/https://organicchemistrydata.org/hansreich/resources/named_effects/named_effects_data/effects-henbest.gif" width="514" height="225"></li><li class="list-group-item py-5" id="effect-markovnikov"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="img-fluid lazyload" alt="Markovnikov's Rule." data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227/https://res.cloudinary.com/ocd/image/fetch/q_auto,f_auto/https://organicchemistrydata.org/hansreich/resources/named_effects/named_effects_data/effect-markovnikov.gif" width="640" height="130"></li><li class="list-group-item py-5" id="effects-stork-eschenmoser"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="img-fluid lazyload" alt="Stork-Eschenmoser Hypothesis" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227/https://res.cloudinary.com/ocd/image/fetch/q_auto,f_auto/https://organicchemistrydata.org/hansreich/resources/named_effects/named_effects_data/effects-stork-eschenmoser.gif" width="638" height="685"></li><li class="list-group-item py-5" id="effects-thorpe-ingold"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABkAAAAHCAYAAAD9NeaIAAAACXBIWXMAAAPoAAAD6AG1e1JrAAACTElEQVQoz12SW08TURDHqymXBJYCFumWblskUoGihogBg279NkYDqYCJsNvu7dzP7tnd3kSMDyZeMLzwjEp48NEP5ShvTPLPZOZhfjPnfzJ/9nbqv/dfP758s2deNHcav7ZfPf3x8sXWz93m1sVu04R+47K5bYI2z5vbS2e2PTdIBpP9zmCiq7paL+lriitNEKH5DhpHHhoniI9yyrPHR4PM/zi3DubPHOfhqes9+9ZqP/9i2eZny258ddx/tXnSdhrfLevJqXW4dmIdLnxCuNhPevlB92i6F/cm++kgF3GVA0jOd4IcQHIEsTFG+NDxu/4V5CMXufdSGT0erqZUrCvCN2MqNyIiNiJE10GPQHVFWE0icifmspxGyUJHdWppmNbTKF1WQq1wzBeRhw3PCfIYsXFG2HCaJlcQEXezaf/DqJAqT6moYsxqjMmqH5CK4/pzoJLroaIXYL3leDMIB1okotsRj8pKxDW4YgEgi5yICvbp9N7+wVDmesQcZSVlw8RHt0hAynDuXeSTYttu607LmW3brYLbcnXf8UqBhyqSiUIsExgcL0Neg7way/gBQO6RgBY9F2kIk1FM6Igb4CyJOpmM1zqcwgHScYCXGOb3AVQH42ArUoC6QHyiwzOUkI8NTriRhLHeUd1KEqbVRILCpJTIpCRpVAQv8qApjMkEIlQDyAhAbmQc+20F+cEqDDclC03YaJMTucKwKEcsMjjiZYqYQRE1lIiq4ME8/CrwpFuFbICK0CuETOkU8xlOxSxAZgGSB8gYQG7+BcE8IkQIq25rAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" class="img-fluid lazyload" alt="Thorpe-Ingold Effect (Gem Dimethyl Effect)" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227/https://res.cloudinary.com/ocd/image/fetch/q_auto,f_auto/https://organicchemistrydata.org/hansreich/resources/named_effects/named_effects_data/effects-thorpe-ingold.gif" width="641" height="180"></li><li class="list-group-item py-5" id="effects-woodward"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="img-fluid lazyload" alt="Woodward's Rules for Conj. Carbonyls UV-Vis" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227/https://res.cloudinary.com/ocd/image/fetch/q_auto,f_auto/https://organicchemistrydata.org/hansreich/resources/named_effects/named_effects_data/effects-woodward.gif" width="506" height="802"></li><li class="list-group-item py-5" id="effects-woodward-fieser"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="img-fluid lazyload" alt="Woodward-Fieser Rules for Dienes UV-Vis Absorption Maxima" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192227/https://res.cloudinary.com/ocd/image/fetch/q_auto,f_auto/https://organicchemistrydata.org/hansreich/resources/named_effects/named_effects_data/effects-woodward-fieser.gif" width="514" height="327"></li><li class="list-group-item py-5" id="effects-zimmerman-traxler"><img 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