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<ul id="toc-2014–2020:_Windows_10,_Windows_10_Mobile,_Microsoft_Edge_and_HoloLens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020–present:_Acquisitions,_Xbox_Series_X/S,_and_Windows_11" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020–present:_Acquisitions,_Xbox_Series_X/S,_and_Windows_11"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 2020–present: Acquisitions, Xbox Series X/S, and Windows 11 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020–present:_Acquisitions,_Xbox_Series_X/S,_and_Windows_11-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="মাইক্রোসফটের ইতিহাস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাইক্রোসফটের ইতিহাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Microsoft" title="Historia de Microsoft – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historia de Microsoft" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA" title="پیشینه مایکروسافت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" 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.sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .bill-gates-series .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks bill-gates-series vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td style="background:lavender; vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bill Gates in 2023" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1393" data-file-height="2091" /></a></td> <td style="background:lavender; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px; width:100%;">This article is part of a series about <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates#Recognition" title="Bill Gates">Awards and honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates#Philanthropy" title="Bill Gates">Philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates#Political_positions" title="Bill Gates">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates#Public_image" title="Bill Gates">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates%27s_house" title="Bill Gates's house">Residence</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Companies</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traf-O-Data" title="Traf-O-Data">Traf-O-Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> (<a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft" title="Criticism of Microsoft">criticism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BENlabs" title="BENlabs">BENlabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Investment" title="Cascade Investment">Cascade Investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TerraPower" title="TerraPower">TerraPower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_Ventures" title="Gates Ventures">Gates Ventures</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Charitable organizations</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match_for_Africa" title="Match for Africa">Match for Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Giving_Pledge" title="The Giving Pledge">The Giving Pledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OER_Project" title="OER Project">OER Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Energy" title="Breakthrough Energy">Breakthrough Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Innovation" title="Mission Innovation">Mission Innovation</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Writings</div> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/An_Open_Letter_to_Hobbyists" title="An Open Letter to Hobbyists">An Open Letter to Hobbyists</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Ahead_(Gates_book)" title="The Road Ahead (Gates book)">The Road Ahead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_@_the_Speed_of_Thought" title="Business @ the Speed of Thought">Business @ the Speed of Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Avoid_a_Climate_Disaster" title="How to Avoid a Climate Disaster">How to Avoid a Climate Disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Prevent_the_Next_Pandemic" title="How to Prevent the Next Pandemic">How to Prevent the Next Pandemic</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Related</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates%27_flower_fly" title="Bill Gates' flower fly">Bill Gates' flower fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Leicester" title="Codex Leicester">Codex Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_on_the_Grand_Banks" title="Lost on the Grand Banks">Lost on the Grand Banks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">History of Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Microsoft" title="Timeline of Microsoft">Timeline of Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bill_Gates_series" title="Template:Bill Gates series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bill_Gates_series" title="Template talk:Bill Gates series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bill_Gates_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bill Gates series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> is a multinational computer technology corporation. Microsoft was founded on April 4, 1975, by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a>.<a href="#cite_note-founding-1">[1]</a> Its current best-selling products are the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a>; <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a>, a suite of productivity software; <a href="/wiki/Xbox" title="Xbox">Xbox</a>, a line of entertainment of games, music, and video; <a href="/wiki/Bing_(search_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bing (search engine)">Bing</a>, a line of search engines; and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a>, a cloud services platform.<a href="#cite_note-MSFT-20190130-2">[2]</a> In 1980, Microsoft formed a partnership with <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> to bundle Microsoft's operating system with IBM computers; with that deal, IBM paid Microsoft a royalty for every sale. In 1985, IBM requested Microsoft to develop a new operating system for their computers called <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a>. Microsoft produced that operating system, but also continued to sell their own alternative, which proved to be in direct competition with OS/2. Microsoft Windows eventually overshadowed OS/2 in terms of sales. When Microsoft launched several versions of Microsoft Windows in the 1990s, they had captured over 90% market share of the world's personal computers. As of June 30, 2015, Microsoft has a global annual revenue of US$86.83 billion (~$109 billion in 2023) and 128,076 employees worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-2014Revenue-3">[3]</a> It develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of <a href="/wiki/Computer_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer software">software</a> products for computing devices.<a href="#cite_note-2005annual-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-fastfacts-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-2007financials-6">[6]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1975–1985:_The_founding_of_Microsoft">1975–1985: The founding of Microsoft</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Microsoft&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 1975–1985: The founding of Microsoft">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Altair_8800_and_Model_33_ASR_Teletype.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Altair_8800_and_Model_33_ASR_Teletype.jpg/220px-Altair_8800_and_Model_33_ASR_Teletype.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Altair_8800_and_Model_33_ASR_Teletype.jpg/330px-Altair_8800_and_Model_33_ASR_Teletype.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Altair_8800_and_Model_33_ASR_Teletype.jpg/440px-Altair_8800_and_Model_33_ASR_Teletype.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Altair_8800" title="Altair 8800">Altair 8800</a> computer with the popular Model 33 ASR Teletype as terminal, paper tape reader, and paper tape punch.</figcaption></figure> In late 1974, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a>, a programmer at <a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a>, was walking through <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Square" title="Harvard Square">Harvard Square</a> when he saw the cover of the January 1975 issue of <a href="/wiki/Popular_Electronics" title="Popular Electronics">Popular Electronics</a> that demonstrated the <a href="/wiki/Altair_8800" title="Altair 8800">Altair 8800</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">microcomputer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-leibovich20001231-8">[8]</a> Allen bought the magazine and rushed to <a href="/wiki/Currier_House_(Harvard_College)" title="Currier House (Harvard College)">Currier House</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a>, where he showed it to high school friend <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-leibovich20001231-8">[8]</a> They saw potential to develop an implementation of <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> for the system.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Gates called Altair manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Micro_Instrumentation_and_Telemetry_Systems" title="Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems">Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems</a> (MITS), offering to demonstrate the implementation. Allen and Gates had neither an interpreter nor an Altair system, yet in the eight weeks before the demo, they developed an interpreter with the help of <a href="/wiki/Monte_Davidoff" title="Monte Davidoff">Monte Davidoff</a>. When Allen flew to <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a> to meet with MITS, the interpreter worked and MITS agreed to distribute <a href="/wiki/Altair_BASIC" title="Altair BASIC">Altair BASIC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-leibovich20001231-8">[8]</a> Allen moved to Albuquerque, Gates soon quit Harvard to join him, and they co-founded Microsoft there.<a href="#cite_note-leibovich20001231-8">[8]</a> Revenues of the company totalled $16,005 by the end of 1976. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft-Staff-1978.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/Microsoft-Staff-1978.jpg/220px-Microsoft-Staff-1978.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/Microsoft-Staff-1978.jpg/330px-Microsoft-Staff-1978.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5e/Microsoft-Staff-1978.jpg 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="273" /></a><figcaption>Microsoft staff in Albuquerque, December 7, 1978 Top: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Wood_(entrepreneur)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steve Wood (entrepreneur) (page does not exist)">Steve Wood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Wallace_(computer_scientist)" title="Bob Wallace (computer scientist)">Bob Wallace</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Lane_(Microsoft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jim Lane (Microsoft) (page does not exist)">Jim Lane</a> Middle: <a href="/wiki/Bob_O%27Rear" title="Bob O'Rear">Bob O'Rear</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Greenberg_(programmer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Greenberg (programmer) (page does not exist)">Bob Greenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_McDonald" title="Marc McDonald">Marc McDonald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Letwin" title="Gordon Letwin">Gordon Letwin</a> Bottom: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a>, Andrea Lewis, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marla_Wood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marla Wood (page does not exist)">Marla Wood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a> Not pictured: <a href="/wiki/Ric_Weiland" title="Ric Weiland">Ric Weiland</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miriam_Lubow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miriam Lubow (page does not exist)">Miriam Lubow</a><a href="#cite_note-Allen2011-11">[11]</a></figcaption></figure> Allen came up with the original name of Micro-Soft, a <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of <a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">microcomputer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Hyphenated in its early incarnations, on November 26, 1976, the company was registered under that name with the Secretary of State of New Mexico. The first employee Gates and Allen hired was their high school collaborator <a href="/wiki/Ric_Weiland" title="Ric Weiland">Ric Weiland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a> The company's first international office was founded on November 1, 1978, in Japan, entitled "<a href="/wiki/ASCII_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASCII (company)">ASCII</a> Microsoft" (now called "<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Japan" title="Microsoft Japan">Microsoft Japan</a>"), and on November 29, 1979, the term, "Microsoft" was first used by Bill Gates.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> On January 1, 1979, the company moved from Albuquerque to a new home in <a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Washington" title="Bellevue, Washington">Bellevue, Washington</a>,<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> since it was hard to recruit top programmers to Albuquerque. Shortly before the move, 11 of the then-13 employees posed for the staff photo on the right.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ballmer" title="Steve Ballmer">Steve Ballmer</a> joined the company on June 11, 1980, and would later succeed Bill Gates as CEO<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> from January 2000 until February 2014. The company restructured on June 25, 1981, to become an incorporated business in its home state of Washington (with a further change of its name to "Microsoft Corporation, Inc."). As part of the restructuring, Bill Gates became president of the company and chairman of the board, and Paul Allen became executive vice president and vice chairman.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> In 1983, Allen left the company after receiving a <a href="/wiki/Hodgkin_lymphoma" title="Hodgkin lymphoma">Hodgkin lymphoma</a> diagnosis, though he remained on the board as vice-chairman. This effectively ended the formal business partnership between Gates and Allen, which had been strained months prior due to a contentious dispute over Microsoft equity.<a href="#cite_note-before_microsoft-14">[14]</a> Later in the decade, Gates and Allen repaired their relationship and together the two donated millions to their childhood school <a href="/wiki/Lakeside_School_(Seattle)" title="Lakeside School (Seattle)">Lakeside</a>.<a href="#cite_note-leibovich20001231-8">[8]</a> They remained friends until Allen's death in October 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Gates_Mourns_Allen-15">[15]</a> Microsoft's early products were different variants of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_BASIC" title="Microsoft BASIC">Microsoft BASIC</a> which was the dominant programming language in late 1970s and early 1980s home computers such as <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> (<a href="/wiki/Applesoft_BASIC" title="Applesoft BASIC">Applesoft BASIC</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a> (<a href="/wiki/Commodore_BASIC" title="Commodore BASIC">Commodore BASIC</a>), and were also provided with early versions of the <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC">IBM PC</a> as the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Cassette_BASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Cassette BASIC">IBM Cassette BASIC</a>. Microsoft also marketed through an Apple dealer in West Palm Beach, Florida two products for the Radio-Shack TRS-80. One was "Typing Tutor" which led the user through learning to use a keyboard. The other was authored by a professor at the University of Hawaii called "MuMATH" and had the ability to do mathematics in long integer math to avoid floating point numbers. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_Softcard_Z80_coprocessor_for_Apple_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Microsoft_Softcard_Z80_coprocessor_for_Apple_II.jpg/220px-Microsoft_Softcard_Z80_coprocessor_for_Apple_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Microsoft_Softcard_Z80_coprocessor_for_Apple_II.jpg/330px-Microsoft_Softcard_Z80_coprocessor_for_Apple_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Microsoft_Softcard_Z80_coprocessor_for_Apple_II.jpg/440px-Microsoft_Softcard_Z80_coprocessor_for_Apple_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="2216" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Z-80_SoftCard" title="Z-80 SoftCard">Z-80 SoftCard</a>, released in 1980</figcaption></figure> The first hardware product<a href="#cite_note-lock19800506-16">[16]</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Z-80_SoftCard" title="Z-80 SoftCard">Z-80 SoftCard</a> which enabled the Apple II to run the <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a>, at the time an industry-standard operating system for running business software and many <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compilers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreters</a> for several <a href="/wiki/High-level_language" class="mw-redirect" title="High-level language">high-level languages</a> on <a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">microcomputers</a>. The SoftCard was first demonstrated publicly at the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Computer_Faire" title="West Coast Computer Faire">West Coast Computer Faire</a> in March 1980.<a href="#cite_note-Infoworld_Apr_1980-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Infoworld_Nov_1980-18">[18]</a> It was an immediate success; 5,000 cards, a large number given the microcomputer market at the time, were purchased in the initial three months at $349 (~$1,084 in 2023) each and it was Microsoft's number one revenue source in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The first operating system publicly released by the company was a variant of <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> announced on August 25, 1980. Acquired from <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a> through a distribution license, Microsoft dubbed it <a href="/wiki/Xenix" title="Xenix">Xenix</a>, and hired <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Operation" title="Santa Cruz Operation">Santa Cruz Operation</a> in order to port/adapt the operating system to several platforms.<a href="#cite_note-xenix1-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> This Unix variant would become home to the first version of Microsoft's <a href="/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">word processor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_Word" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Office Word">Microsoft Word</a>. Originally titled "Multi-Tool Word", Microsoft Word became notable for its use of "What You See Is What You Get", or <a href="/wiki/WYSIWYG" title="WYSIWYG">WYSIWYG</a> pioneered by the <a href="/wiki/Xerox_Alto" title="Xerox Alto">Xerox Alto</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bravo_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bravo (software)">Bravo</a> text editor in the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Word was first released in the spring of 1983, and free demonstration copies of the application were bundled with the November 1983 issue of <a href="/wiki/PC_World" title="PC World">PC World</a>, making it one of the first programs to be distributed on-disk with a magazine. (Earlier magazine on-disk distributions included Robert Uiterwyk's BASIC in the May 1977 issue of Information Age.)<a href="#cite_note-SWTPC-Uiterwyk-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-RoyAllen-25">[25]</a> However, Xenix was never sold to end users directly although it was licensed to many software <a href="/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer" title="Original equipment manufacturer">OEMs</a> for resale. It grew to become the most popular version of Unix, measured by the number of machines running it<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> (note that Unix is a multi-user operating system, allowing simultaneous access to a machine by several users). By the mid-1980s Microsoft had gotten out of the Unix business, except for its ownership stake in <a href="/wiki/OpenServer" title="OpenServer">SCO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-xenix1-20">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PC_DOS_1.10_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/PC_DOS_1.10_screenshot.png/220px-PC_DOS_1.10_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/PC_DOS_1.10_screenshot.png/330px-PC_DOS_1.10_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/PC_DOS_1.10_screenshot.png/440px-PC_DOS_1.10_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>A typical <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS">PC DOS</a> <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command line</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> first approached Gates and Allen about Microsoft's upcoming <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM Personal Computer</a> (IBM PC) in July 1980, shortly after Gates's mother began working on <a href="/wiki/United_Way" title="United Way">United Way's</a> executive board with IBM CEO <a href="/wiki/John_Opel" class="mw-redirect" title="John Opel">John Opel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RoyAllen-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-bunnell1982febmar-27">[27]</a> On August 12, 1981, after negotiations with <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a> failed, IBM awarded a contract to Microsoft to provide a version of the <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> operating system, which was set to be used in the IBM PC. For this deal, Microsoft purchased a <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> clone called <a href="/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS">86-DOS</a> from <a href="/wiki/Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Tim Paterson</a> of <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Computer_Products" title="Seattle Computer Products">Seattle Computer Products</a> for less than US$100,000, which IBM renamed to <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS">IBM PC DOS</a>. The original CP/M was made by <a href="/wiki/Gary_Kildall" title="Gary Kildall">Gary Kildall</a> of <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a>, Inc. Due to potential <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">copyright infringement</a> problems with CP/M, IBM marketed both CP/M and PC DOS for US$240 and US$40, respectively, with PC DOS eventually becoming the standard because of its lower price.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Thirty-five of the company's 100 employees worked on the IBM project for more than a year. When the IBM PC debuted, Microsoft was the only company that offered operating system, programming language, and application software for the new computer.<a href="#cite_note-bunnell1982febmar-27">[27]</a> InfoWorld stated in 1984 that Microsoft, with $55 million (~$137 million in 2023) in 1983 sales,<a href="#cite_note-caruso19840402-30">[30]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">is widely recognized as the most influential company in the microcomputer-software industry. Claiming more than a million installed MS-DOS machines, founder and chairman Bill Gates has decided to certify Microsoft's jump on the rest of the industry by dominating applications, operating systems, peripherals and, most recently, book publishing. Some insiders say Microsoft is attempting to be the IBM of the software industry.</blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Msdosad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Msdosad.jpg/220px-Msdosad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Msdosad.jpg/330px-Msdosad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Msdosad.jpg/440px-Msdosad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1786" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption>A 1982 ad for <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a></figcaption></figure> In 1983, in collaboration with numerous companies, Microsoft created a home computer system, <a href="/wiki/MSX" title="MSX">MSX</a>, which contained its own version of the DOS operating system, called <a href="/wiki/MSX-DOS" title="MSX-DOS">MSX-DOS</a>; this became relatively popular in Japan, Europe and South America.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Later, the market saw a flood of <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_clones" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC clones">IBM PC clones</a> after <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Data_Products" title="Columbia Data Products">Columbia Data Products</a> successfully cloned the IBM <a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">BIOS</a>, quickly followed by <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Computer" title="Eagle Computer">Eagle Computer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The deal with IBM allowed Microsoft to have control of its own QDOS derivative, <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>, and through aggressive marketing of the operating system to manufacturers of IBM-PC clones, Microsoft rose from a small player to one of the major software vendors in the home computer industry.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> With the release of the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mouse" title="Microsoft Mouse">Microsoft Mouse</a> on May 2, 1983, Microsoft continued to expand its product line in other markets. This expansion included <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Press" title="Microsoft Press">Microsoft Press</a>, a book publishing division, on July 11 the same year, which debuted with two titles: Exploring the IBM PCjr Home Computer by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Norton" title="Peter Norton">Peter Norton</a>, and The Apple Macintosh Book by <a href="/wiki/Cary_Lu" title="Cary Lu">Cary Lu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1985–1994:_Windows_and_Office">1985–1994: Windows and Office</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Microsoft&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1985–1994: Windows and Office">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_sign_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Microsoft_sign_closeup.jpg/220px-Microsoft_sign_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Microsoft_sign_closeup.jpg/330px-Microsoft_sign_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Microsoft_sign_closeup.jpg/440px-Microsoft_sign_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The sign at a main entrance to the Microsoft corporate campus. The <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_campus" title="Microsoft campus">Redmond campus</a> today includes about 8 million square feet (740,000 m2) and 28,000 employees.<a href="#cite_note-SPI-20050517-38">[38]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]</figcaption></figure> Ireland became home to one of Microsoft's international production facilities in 1985, and on November 20 Microsoft released its first retail version of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> (<a href="/wiki/Windows_1.0" title="Windows 1.0">Windows 1.0</a>), originally a graphical extension for its MS-DOS operating system.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> In August, Microsoft and IBM partnered in the development of a different operating system called <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a>. OS/2 was marketed in connection with a new hardware design proprietary to IBM, the <a href="/wiki/IBM_PS/2" title="IBM PS/2">PS/2</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In 1985 Microsoft began selling directly to corporate customers.<a href="#cite_note-forbes19851118-40">[40]</a> On February 16, 1986, Microsoft relocated their headquarters to a <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_campus" title="Microsoft campus">corporate office campus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Redmond,_Washington" title="Redmond, Washington">Redmond, Washington</a>. Around one month later, on March 13, the company went public with an IPO, raising US$61 million at US$21.00 per share. By the end of the trading day, the price had risen to US$28.00. In 1987, Microsoft eventually released their first version of OS/2 to <a href="/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer" title="Original equipment manufacturer">OEMs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> By then the company was the world's largest producer of software for personal computers—ahead of former leader <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus Development">Lotus Development</a>—and published the three most-popular Macintosh business applications.<a href="#cite_note-zonona19870731-42">[42]</a> In July 1987 Microsoft purchased <a href="/wiki/Forethought,_Inc." title="Forethought, Inc.">Forethought</a>, the developer of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a>. It was the company's first major acquisition, and gave Microsoft a Silicon Valley base.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19870731-43">[43]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_Windows_1.0_page1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Microsoft_Windows_1.0_page1.jpg/220px-Microsoft_Windows_1.0_page1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Microsoft_Windows_1.0_page1.jpg/330px-Microsoft_Windows_1.0_page1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Microsoft_Windows_1.0_page1.jpg/440px-Microsoft_Windows_1.0_page1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2175" data-file-height="3263" /></a><figcaption>A 1986 ad for <a href="/wiki/Windows_1.0" title="Windows 1.0">Microsoft Windows 1.0</a></figcaption></figure> Meanwhile, Microsoft began introducing its most prominent office products. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Works" title="Microsoft Works">Microsoft Works</a>, an integrated office program which combined features typically found in a <a href="/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">word processor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spreadsheet" title="Spreadsheet">spreadsheet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> and other office applications, saw its first release as an application for the <a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Apple Macintosh</a> towards the end of 1986.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a> Microsoft Works would later be sold with other Microsoft products including Microsoft Word and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bookshelf" title="Microsoft Bookshelf">Microsoft Bookshelf</a>, a reference collection introduced in 1987 that was the company's first <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a> product.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> On August 8, 1989, Microsoft introduced its most successful office product, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a>. Unlike the model of Microsoft Works, Microsoft Office was a bundle of separate office productivity applications, such as Microsoft Word, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Microsoft Excel</a> and so forth. While Microsoft Word and Microsoft Office were mostly developed internally, Microsoft also continued its trend of rebranding products from other companies, such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">Microsoft SQL Server</a> on January 13, 1988, a <a href="/wiki/Relational_database_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Relational database management system">relational database management system</a> for companies that was based on technology licensed from <a href="/wiki/Sybase" title="Sybase">Sybase</a>.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> On May 22, 1990, Microsoft launched <a href="/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0">Windows 3.0</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a> The new version of Microsoft's operating system boasted new features such as streamlined graphic <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a> <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">GUI</a> and improved <a href="/wiki/Protected_mode" title="Protected mode">protected mode</a> ability for the <a href="/wiki/I386" title="I386">Intel 386</a> processor; it sold over 100,000 copies in two weeks.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Windows at the time generated more revenue for Microsoft than OS/2, and the company decided to move more resources from OS/2 to Windows.<a href="#cite_note-OS/2history-46">[46]</a> In an internal memo to Microsoft employees on May 16, 1991, Bill Gates announced that the OS/2 partnership was over, and that Microsoft would henceforth focus its platform efforts on Windows and the <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> <a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">kernel</a>. Some people, especially developers who had ignored Windows and committed most of their resources to OS/2, were taken by surprise, and accused Microsoft of deception. This changeover from OS/2 was frequently referred to in the industry as "the head-fake".<a href="#cite_note-NRheadfake-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In the recent years, the popularity of OS/2 declined, and Windows quickly became the favored PC platform. 1991 also marked the founding of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Research" title="Microsoft Research">Microsoft Research</a>, an organization in Microsoft for researching <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a> subjects, and Microsoft <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">Visual Basic</a>, a popular development product for companies and individuals.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_Sign_on_German_campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Microsoft_Sign_on_German_campus.jpg/220px-Microsoft_Sign_on_German_campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Microsoft_Sign_on_German_campus.jpg/330px-Microsoft_Sign_on_German_campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Microsoft_Sign_on_German_campus.jpg/440px-Microsoft_Sign_on_German_campus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1258" data-file-height="909" /></a><figcaption>The Microsoft sign at the entrance of the German Microsoft campus, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Zuse" title="Konrad Zuse">Konrad-Zuse</a>-Str. 1, <a href="/wiki/Unterschlei%C3%9Fheim" title="Unterschleißheim">Unterschleißheim</a></figcaption></figure> By 1989 <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Pournelle" title="Jerry Pournelle">Jerry Pournelle</a> described Microsoft as "the Redmond giant", citing PowerPoint's features and "extraordinarily complete" documentation as examples of the "kind of quality that makes it difficult for small outfits to compete with" the company.<a href="#cite_note-pournelle198901-49">[49]</a> During the transition from MS-DOS to Windows, the success of Microsoft Office allowed the company to gain ground on application-software competitors, such as <a href="/wiki/WordPerfect" title="WordPerfect">WordPerfect</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lotus_1-2-3" title="Lotus 1-2-3">Lotus 1-2-3</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Novell, an owner of WordPerfect for a time, alleged that Microsoft used its inside knowledge of the DOS and Windows kernels and of undocumented <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">Application Programming Interface</a> features to make Office perform better than its competitors.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Eventually, Microsoft Office became the dominant business suite, with a market share far exceeding that of its competitors.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In March 1992, Microsoft released <a href="/wiki/Windows_3.1" title="Windows 3.1">Windows 3.1</a> along with its first promotional campaign on TV; the software sold over three million copies in its first two months on the market.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a> In October, <a href="/wiki/Windows_for_Workgroups_3.1" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows for Workgroups 3.1">Windows for Workgroups 3.1</a> was released with integrated networking abilities such as <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> file and printing sharing.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a> In November, Microsoft released the first version of their popular database software <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access">Microsoft Access</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_Dubai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Microsoft_Dubai.jpg/170px-Microsoft_Dubai.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Microsoft_Dubai.jpg/255px-Microsoft_Dubai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Microsoft_Dubai.jpg/340px-Microsoft_Dubai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Microsoft sign at entrance of Dubai Microsoft campus, <a href="/wiki/Dubai_Internet_City" title="Dubai Internet City">Dubai Internet City</a>. Microsoft developed Arabic versions for most of its products.</figcaption></figure> By 1993, Windows had become the most widely used <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">GUI</a> operating system in the world.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a> Fortune Magazine named Microsoft as the "1993 Most Innovative Company Operating in the U.S."<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The year also marked the end of a five-year <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">copyright infringement</a> legal case brought by Apple, dubbed <a href="/wiki/Apple_Computer,_Inc._v._Microsoft_Corp." title="Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp.">Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp.</a>, in which the ruling was in Microsoft's favor. Microsoft also released <a href="/wiki/Windows_for_Workgroups_3.11" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows for Workgroups 3.11">Windows for Workgroups 3.11</a>, a new version of the consumer line of Windows, and <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_3.1" title="Windows NT 3.1">Windows NT 3.1</a>, a server-based operating system with a similar user interface to consumer versions of the operating system, but with an entirely different kernel.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a> As part of its strategy to broaden its business, Microsoft released <a href="/wiki/Encarta" title="Encarta">Microsoft Encarta</a> on March 22, 1993, the first encyclopedia designed to run on a computer.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> Soon after, the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Home" title="Microsoft Home">Microsoft Home</a> brand was introduced – encompassing Microsoft's new multimedia applications for Windows 3.x., Microsoft changed its slogan to "<a href="/wiki/Where_do_you_want_to_go_today%3F" title="Where do you want to go today?">Where do you want to go today?</a>" in 1994 as part of an attempt to appeal to nontechnical audiences in a US$100 million (~$187 million in 2023) advertising campaign.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1995–2007:_Foray_into_the_Web,_Windows_95,_Windows_XP,_and_Xbox">1995–2007: Foray into the Web, Windows 95, Windows XP, and Xbox</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Microsoft&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1995–2007: Foray into the Web, Windows 95, Windows XP, and Xbox">edit</a>]</div> Microsoft continued to make strategic decisions directed at consumers. The company released <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bob" title="Microsoft Bob">Microsoft Bob</a>, a graphical user interface designed for novice computer users, in March 1995. The interface was discontinued in 1996 due to poor sales; Bill Gates later attributed its failure to hardware requirements that were too high for typical computers, and is widely regarded as one of Microsoft's most unsuccessful products.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnettop10worst-55">[55]</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">why?</a>] <a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_SKG" class="mw-redirect" title="DreamWorks SKG">DreamWorks SKG</a> and Microsoft formed a new company, <a href="/wiki/EA_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="EA Los Angeles">DreamWorks Interactive</a> (in 2000 acquired by <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a>, which named it EA Los Angeles), to produce interactive and <a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Entertainment" title="Multimedia Entertainment">multimedia entertainment</a> properties.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> On August 24, 1995, Microsoft released <a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a>, a new version of the company's flagship operating system which featured a completely new user interface, including a novel <a href="/wiki/Start_menu" title="Start menu">start button</a>; more than a million copies were sold in the first four days after its release.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a> Windows 95 was released without a <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a> as Microsoft had not yet developed one. The success of the web caught them by surprise and they subsequently approached <a href="/wiki/Spyglass,_Inc." title="Spyglass, Inc.">Spyglass</a> to license their browser as <a href="/wiki/History_of_Internet_Explorer" title="History of Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a>. Spyglass went on to later dispute the terms of the agreement, as Microsoft was to pay a royalty for every copy sold. However, Microsoft sold no copies of Internet Explorer, choosing instead to bundle it for free with the operating system. Internet Explorer was first included in the Windows 95 Plus! Pack that was released in August 1995.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In September, the Chinese government chose Windows to be the operating system of choice in that country, and entered into an agreement with the company to standardize a Chinese version of the operating system.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a> Microsoft also released the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Sidewinder_3D_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Sidewinder 3D Pro">Microsoft Sidewinder 3D Pro</a> joystick in an attempt to further expand its profile in the computer hardware market.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a> On May 26, 1995, Bill Gates sent the "Internet Tidal Wave" memorandum to Microsoft executives. The memo described <a href="/wiki/Netscape" title="Netscape">Netscape</a> with their <a href="/wiki/Netscape_Navigator" title="Netscape Navigator">Netscape Navigator</a> as a "new competitor 'born' on the Internet". The memo outlines Microsoft's failure to grasp the Internet's importance, and in it Gates assigned "the Internet the highest level of importance" from then on.<a href="#cite_note-Gates-19950526-57">[57]</a> Microsoft began to expand its product line into <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer networking</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>. On August 24, 1995, it launched a major <a href="/wiki/Online_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Online service">online service</a>, <a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a> (Microsoft Network), as a direct competitor to <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a>. MSN became an umbrella service for Microsoft's online services, using Microsoft Passport (now called a <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_account" title="Microsoft account">Microsoft account</a>) as a universal login system for all of its web sites.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The company continued to branch out into new markets in 1996, starting with a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> to create a new <a href="/wiki/24-hour_news_cycle" title="24-hour news cycle">24-hour</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_cable_news" title="United States cable news">cable news</a> television station, <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>. The station was launched on July 15, 1996, to compete with similar news outlets such as <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Microsoft also launched <a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Online_magazine" title="Online magazine">online magazine</a> edited by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kinsley" title="Michael Kinsley">Michael Kinsley</a>, which offered political and social commentary along with the cartoon <a href="/wiki/Doonesbury" title="Doonesbury">Doonesbury</a>.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> In an attempt to extend its reach in the consumer market, the company acquired <a href="/wiki/MSN_TV" title="MSN TV">WebTV</a>, which enabled consumers to access the Web from their televisions.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:300lx.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/300lx.jpg/220px-300lx.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/300lx.jpg/330px-300lx.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/300lx.jpg/440px-300lx.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="1146" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HP_300LX" title="HP 300LX">HP 300LX</a> running <a href="/wiki/Windows_CE" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows CE">Windows CE 1.0</a></figcaption></figure> Microsoft entered the personal digital assistant (PDA) market in November with <a href="/wiki/Windows_CE_1.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows CE 1.0">Windows CE 1.0</a>, a new built-from-scratch version of their flagship operating system, designed to run on low-memory, low-performance machines, such as handhelds and other small computers.<a href="#cite_note-cehistory-60">[60]</a> 1996 saw the release of <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_4.0" title="Windows NT 4.0">Windows NT 4.0</a>, which brought the Windows 95 GUI and Windows NT kernel together.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> While Microsoft largely failed to participate in the rise of the Internet in the early 1990s, some of the key technologies in which the company had invested to enter the Internet market started to pay off by the mid-90s. One of the most prominent of these was <a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a>, an application programming interface built on the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Component_Object_Model" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Component Object Model">Microsoft Component Object Model</a> (<a href="/wiki/Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">COM</a>); this enabled Microsoft and others to embed controls in many <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming languages</a>, including the company's own <a href="/wiki/Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">scripting languages</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a> and <a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a>. ActiveX included frameworks for documents and server solutions.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a> The company also released the Microsoft SQL Server 6.5, which had built-in support for internet applications.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a> In November 1996, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_97" title="Microsoft Office 97">Microsoft Office 97</a> was released, which is the first version to include <a href="/wiki/Office_Assistant" title="Office Assistant">Office Assistant</a>. In 1997, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_4" title="Internet Explorer 4">Internet Explorer 4</a>.0 was released, marking the beginning of the takeover of the browser market from rival <a href="/wiki/Netscape" title="Netscape">Netscape</a>, and by agreement with Apple, Internet Explorer was bundled with the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Apple Macintosh</a> operating system as well as with Windows.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Windows_CE_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows CE 2.0">Windows CE 2.0</a>, the handheld version of Windows, was released this year, including a host of bug fixes and new features designed to make it more appealing to corporate customers.<a href="#cite_note-cehistory-60">[60]</a> In October, the Justice Department filed a motion in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">federal district court</a> in which they stated that Microsoft had violated an agreement signed in 1994, and asked the court to stop the bundling of Internet Explorer with Windows.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Windows98.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/Windows98.png/220px-Windows98.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/Windows98.png/330px-Windows98.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/Windows98.png/440px-Windows98.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Windows_98" title="Windows 98">Windows 98</a> desktop</figcaption></figure> The year 1998 was significant in Microsoft's history, with Bill Gates appointing <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ballmer" title="Steve Ballmer">Steve Ballmer</a> as president of Microsoft but remaining as chair and CEO himself.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> The company released an update to the consumer version of Windows, <a href="/wiki/Windows_98" title="Windows 98">Windows 98</a>.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> Windows 98 came with Internet Explorer 4.0 SP1 (which had <a href="/wiki/Windows_Desktop_Update" title="Windows Desktop Update">Windows Desktop Update</a> bundled), and included new features from Windows 95 OSR 2.x including the <a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT32</a> <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file system</a>, and new features designed for Windows 98, such as support for multiple displays.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Microsoft launched its Indian headquarters as well, which would eventually become the company's second largest after its U.S. headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a> Finally, a great deal of controversy took place when a set of internal memos from the company were leaked on the Internet. These documents, colloquially referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Halloween_documents" title="Halloween documents">The Halloween Documents</a>", were widely reported by the media and went into detail of the threats that <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> / <a href="/wiki/Open_source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source software">open source software</a> poses to Microsoft's own software, previously voiced mainly by analysts and advocates of open source software. The documents also alluded to legal and other actions against <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> as well as other open source software.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> While Microsoft acknowledged the documents, it claimed that they are merely engineering studies. Despite this, some believe that these studies were used in the real strategies of the company.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Microsoft, in 2000, released new products for all three lines of the company's flagship operating system, and saw the beginning of the end of one of its most prominent legal cases. On February 17, Microsoft released an update to its business line of software in <a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a>. It provided a high level of stability similar to that of its <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> counterparts due to its usage of the <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> kernel, and matching features found in the consumer line of the Windows operating system including a DOS <a href="/wiki/Emulator" title="Emulator">emulator</a> that could run many <a href="/wiki/Legacy_system" title="Legacy system">legacy</a> DOS applications.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a> On April 3, 2000, a judgment was handed down in the case of <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft_Corp._(2001)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States v. Microsoft Corp. (2001)">United States v. Microsoft Corp.</a>,<a href="#cite_note-usvms-66">[66]</a> calling the company an "abusive monopoly"<a href="#cite_note-findingsoffact-67">[67]</a> and forcing the company to split into two separate units. Part of this ruling was later overturned by a federal <a href="/wiki/Appeal" title="Appeal">appeals court</a>, and eventually settled with the U.S. Department of Justice in 2001. On June 15, 2000, the company released a new version of its hand-held operating system, <a href="/wiki/Windows_CE_3.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows CE 3.0">Windows CE 3.0</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cehistory-60">[60]</a> The main change was the new programming APIs of the software. Previous versions of Windows CE supported only a small subset of the <a href="/wiki/Windows_API" title="Windows API">WinAPI</a>, the main development library for Windows, and with Version 3 of Windows CE, the operating system now supported nearly all of the core functionality of the WinAPI. The next update to the consumer line, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Me" title="Windows Me">Windows ME</a> (or Windows Millennium Edition), was released on September 14, 2000.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> It sported several new features such as enhanced multimedia abilities and consumer-oriented PC maintenance options, but is often regarded as one of the worst versions of Windows due to stability problems, restricted real mode DOS support and other issues.<a href="#cite_note-cnettop10worst-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Windows_XP_Luna.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Windows_XP_Luna.png/220px-Windows_XP_Luna.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Windows_XP_Luna.png/330px-Windows_XP_Luna.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/64/Windows_XP_Luna.png 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="274" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> introduced a <a href="/wiki/Luna_(theme)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna (theme)">new interface</a>, along with many other <a href="/wiki/Features_new_to_Windows_XP" title="Features new to Windows XP">new features</a>. This screenshot shows Windows XP Professional.</figcaption></figure>Microsoft released <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_XP" title="Microsoft Office XP">Office XP</a> in 2001, a version that aimed to encompass the features of both its business and home product lines. The release included an updated version of the Windows 2000 kernel, enhanced DOS emulation abilities, and many of the home-user features found in previous consumer versions. XP introduced a new graphical user interface, the first such change since Windows 95.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The operating system was the first to require <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Product_Activation" title="Microsoft Product Activation">Microsoft Product Activation</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Copy_protection#Anti-piracy" title="Copy protection">anti-piracy</a> mechanism that requires users to activate the software with Microsoft within 30 days.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> Microsoft entered the multibillion-dollar <a href="/wiki/Game_console" class="mw-redirect" title="Game console">game console</a> market dominated by <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>, with the release of the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_(console)" title="Xbox (console)">Xbox</a>.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> The Xbox finished behind the dominant <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a> selling 24 million units compared to 155 million overall; however they managed to outsell the <a href="/wiki/GameCube" title="GameCube">GameCube</a> which sold 21 million units. Microsoft launched their second console, the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a>, in 2005 – which was more successful than the original. By 2017, the Xbox 360 had sold 84 million units<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> but failed to outsell its main rival, the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a>, which sold 87 million units when discontinued.<a href="#cite_note-WorldPS3Sales-71">[71]</a> The console was also outsold by the <a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>, which introduced <a href="/wiki/Natural_user_interface" title="Natural user interface">gesture control</a> and opened up a new market for video games. Microsoft later used their popular controller-free <a href="/wiki/Kinect" title="Kinect">Kinect</a> peripheral to increase the popularity of the Xbox. This was very successful. As of 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Microsoft&action=edit">[update]</a>, Kinect was the fastest selling consumer electronics product in history.<a href="#cite_note-guiness-72">[72]</a> It sold 8 million units from November 4, 2010, to January 3, 2011, (its first 60 days). It averaged 133,333 units per day, outselling the <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a> over equivalent post-launch periods.<a href="#cite_note-guiness-72">[72]</a> In 2002, Microsoft launched the <a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET</a> initiative, along with new versions of some of its development products, such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Visual Studio">Microsoft Visual Studio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> The initiative has been an entirely new development API for Windows programming, and included a new programming language, <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a>. <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Windows Server 2003</a> was launched, featuring enhanced administration abilities, such as new user interfaces to server tools.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-10">[10]</a> In 2004, the company released <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_Media_Center_Edition_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005">Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005</a>, a version of Windows XP designed for multimedia abilities, and <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_Starter_Edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows XP Starter Edition">Windows XP Starter Edition</a>, a version of Windows XP with a smaller feature set designed for entry-level consumers.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-7">[7]</a> However, Microsoft encountered more turmoil in March 2004 when antitrust legal action would be brought against it by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> for allegedly abusing its market dominance (see <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._Commission" title="Microsoft Corp. v. Commission">Microsoft Corp. v. Commission</a>). Eventually Microsoft was fined €497 million (US$613 million), ordered to divulge certain protocols to competitors, and to produce a new version of its Windows XP platform—called Windows XP Home Edition N—that did not include its <a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Player" title="Windows Media Player">Windows Media Player</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-euantitrust-74">[74]</a> Microsoft was also ordered to produce separate packages of Windows after South Korea also landed a settlement against the company in 2005. It had to pay out US$32 million and produce more than one version of Windows for the country in the same vein as the European Union-one with Windows Media Player and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Messenger" title="Windows Messenger">Windows Messenger</a> and one without the two programs.<a href="#cite_note-skorea-75">[75]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Gates_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Bill_Gates_2004.jpg/220px-Bill_Gates_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Bill_Gates_2004.jpg/330px-Bill_Gates_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Bill_Gates_2004.jpg/440px-Bill_Gates_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1841" data-file-height="1215" /></a><figcaption>Bill Gates giving a presentation at <a href="/wiki/Forum_Copenhagen" title="Forum Copenhagen">IT-Forum</a> in Copenhagen in 2004</figcaption></figure> In guise of competing with other Internet Companies such as the search service <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, in 2005 Microsoft announced a new version of its <a href="/wiki/MSN_Search" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Search">MSN search</a> service.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Later, in 2006, the company launched <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_adCenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft adCenter">Microsoft adCenter</a>, a service that offers <a href="/wiki/Pay_per_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Pay per click">pay per click</a> advertisements, in an effort to further develop their search marketing revenue.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Soon afterward, Microsoft created the <a href="/wiki/CodePlex" title="CodePlex">CodePlex</a> collaborative development site for hosting <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open source</a> projects. Activity grew quickly as developers from around the world began to participate, and by early 2007 commercial open source companies, such as <a href="/wiki/Aras_Corp" title="Aras Corp">Aras Corp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> began to offer enterprise open source software exclusively on the Microsoft platform. On June 15, 2006, Bill Gates announced his plans for a two-year transition period out of a day-to-day role with Microsoft until July 31, 2008. After that date, Gates would continue in his role as the company's chairman, remain head of the board of directors, and act as an adviser on key projects. His role as Chief <a href="/wiki/Software_architect" title="Software architect">Software Architect</a> was filled immediately by <a href="/wiki/Ray_Ozzie" title="Ray Ozzie">Ray Ozzie</a>, the company's <a href="/wiki/Chief_Technical_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Technical Officer">Chief Technical Officer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Bill Gates stated "My announcement is not a retirement – it's a reordering of my priorities."<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2007–2011:_Microsoft_Azure,_Windows_Vista,_Windows_7,_and_Microsoft_Stores">2007–2011: Microsoft Azure, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Microsoft Stores</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Microsoft&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2007–2011: Microsoft Azure, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Microsoft Stores">edit</a>]</div> Formerly codenamed "Longhorn" in the early development stages, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> was released to consumers on January 30, 2007.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Microsoft also released a new version of its Office suite, called <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2007" title="Microsoft Office 2007">Microsoft Office 2007</a>, alongside Windows Vista. <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Windows Server 2008</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2008">Visual Studio 2008</a>, the next versions of the company's <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">server</a> operating system and development suite, respectively, were released on February 27, 2008.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Windows Vista was criticized for being heavy and needing large amounts of power to run the desktop widgets and the Aero theme. Many people continued to use Windows XP for many years after, due to its stability and low processing needs. On December 19, 2007, Microsoft signed a five-year, $500 million (~$708 million in 2023) contract with <a href="/wiki/Viacom_(2005%E2%80%932019)" title="Viacom (2005–2019)">Viacom</a> that included content sharing and advertisements. The deal allowed Microsoft to license many shows from Viacom owned cable television and film studios for use on <a href="/wiki/Xbox_Live" class="mw-redirect" title="Xbox Live">Xbox Live</a> and <a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a>. The deal also made Viacom a preferred publisher partner for casual game development and distribution through MSN and Windows. On the advertisement side of the deal, Microsoft's Atlas ad-serving division became the exclusive provider of previously unsold advertising inventory on Viacom owned web sites. Microsoft also purchased a large amount of advertising on Viacom owned broadcasts and online networks, and collaborated on promotions and sponsorships for MTV and <a href="/wiki/BET" title="BET">BET</a> award shows, two Viacom owned cable networks.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In 2008, Microsoft wanted to purchase <a href="/wiki/Yahoo" title="Yahoo">Yahoo</a> (first completely, later partially) in order to strengthen its position on the search engine market vis-à-vis <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The company rejected the offer, saying that it undervalued the company. In response, Microsoft withdrew its offer.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft-Sharp-Kin-Two-Phone-Open.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Microsoft-Sharp-Kin-Two-Phone-Open.jpg/220px-Microsoft-Sharp-Kin-Two-Phone-Open.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Microsoft-Sharp-Kin-Two-Phone-Open.jpg/330px-Microsoft-Sharp-Kin-Two-Phone-Open.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Microsoft-Sharp-Kin-Two-Phone-Open.jpg/440px-Microsoft-Sharp-Kin-Two-Phone-Open.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="3100" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Kin" title="Microsoft Kin">Microsoft Kin Two</a>, released in 2010</figcaption></figure> In 2009, the opening show of the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Electronics_Show" title="Consumer Electronics Show">Consumer Electronics Show</a> (CES) was hosted by Steve Ballmer for the first time. In past years, itwas hosted by Bill Gates. During the show, Ballmer announced the first public Beta Test of <a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a> for partners and developers on January 8, but also for the general public two days later. On June 26, 2009, Microsoft started taking pre-orders at a discounted price for Windows 7 which was launched on October 22, 2009. Windows 7 has several editions, which acknowledge the rise of <a href="/wiki/Netbook" title="Netbook">netbook</a> computers with reduced processing power. On April 12, 2010, Microsoft launched their <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Kin" title="Microsoft Kin">Kin phone</a> line,<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> a result of their acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Danger_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Danger (company)">Danger Incorporated</a> in 2008. The phones became available May 14, 2010, but were discontinued within two months because of poor sales.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> On May 10, 2011, the company acquired <a href="/wiki/Skype_Technologies" title="Skype Technologies">Skype Technologies</a> for US$8.5 billion (~$11.4 billion in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-SkypeMicrosoftPressRelease-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2011–2014:_Windows_8,_Xbox_One,_Outlook.com,_and_Surface_devices">2011–2014: Windows 8, Xbox One, Outlook.com, and Surface devices</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Microsoft&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2011–2014: Windows 8, Xbox One, Outlook.com, and Surface devices">edit</a>]</div> Following the release of <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a>, Microsoft underwent a gradual rebranding of its product range throughout 2011 and 2012—the corporation's logos, products, services and websites adopted the principles and concepts of the <a href="/wiki/Metro_(design_language)" title="Metro (design language)">Metro design language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WindowsPhone7UI-92">[92]</a> Microsoft previewed <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>, an operating system designed to power both personal computers and <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet computers</a>, in Taipei in June 2011.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> A developer preview was released on September 13, and was replaced by a consumer preview on February 29, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> On May 31, 2012, the preview version was released. On June 18, 2012, Microsoft unveiled the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Surface" title="Microsoft Surface">Surface</a>, the first computer in the company's history to have its hardware made by Microsoft.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-VF2012-96">[96]</a> On June 25, Microsoft paid US$1.2 billion to buy the social network <a href="/wiki/Yammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Yammer">Yammer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> On July 31, 2012, Microsoft launched the <a href="/wiki/Outlook.com" title="Outlook.com">Outlook.com</a> <a href="/wiki/Webmail" title="Webmail">webmail service</a> to compete with <a href="/wiki/Gmail" title="Gmail">Gmail</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> On September 4, 2012, Microsoft released <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012" title="Windows Server 2012">Windows Server 2012</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MSofficialRTM-99">[99]</a> In July 2012, Microsoft sold its 50% stake in <a href="/wiki/MSNBC.com" class="mw-redirect" title="MSNBC.com">MSNBC.com</a>, which it had run as a joint venture with NBC since 1996.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> On October 1, Microsoft announced its intention to launch a news operation, part of a new-look <a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a>, at the time of the Windows 8 launch that was later in the month.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> On October 26, 2012, Microsoft launched Windows 8 and the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Surface" title="Microsoft Surface">Microsoft Surface</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VF2012-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Three days later, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_8" title="Windows Phone 8">Windows Phone 8</a> was launched.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> To cope with the potential for an increase in demand for products and services, Microsoft opened a number of "holiday stores" across the U.S. to complement the increasing number of "bricks-and-mortar" Microsoft Stores that opened in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> On March 29, 2013, Microsoft launched a Patent Tracker.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft-Xbox-One-Console-Set-wKinect.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Microsoft-Xbox-One-Console-Set-wKinect.jpg/220px-Microsoft-Xbox-One-Console-Set-wKinect.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Microsoft-Xbox-One-Console-Set-wKinect.jpg/330px-Microsoft-Xbox-One-Console-Set-wKinect.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Microsoft-Xbox-One-Console-Set-wKinect.jpg/440px-Microsoft-Xbox-One-Console-Set-wKinect.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7680" data-file-height="5040" /></a><figcaption>The first <a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a> model, from 2013</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Kinect" title="Kinect">Kinect</a>, a motion-sensing input device made by Microsoft and designed as a <a href="/wiki/Game_controller" title="Game controller">video game controller</a>, was first introduced in November 2010, and was upgraded for the 2013 release of the eighth-generation <a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a> video game console. Kinect's capabilities were revealed in May 2013. The new Kinect uses an ultra-wide 1080p camera, which can function in the dark due to an infrared sensor. It employs higher-end processing power and new software, can distinguish between fine movements (such as a thumb movements), and can determine a user's heart rate by looking at his/her face.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Microsoft filed a patent application in 2011 that suggests that the corporation may use the Kinect camera system to monitor the behavior of television viewers as part of a plan to make the viewing experience more interactive. On July 19, 2013, Microsoft stocks suffered its biggest one-day percentage sell-off since the year 2000 after its fourth-quarter report raised concerns among the investors on the poor showings of both Windows 8 and the Surface tablet; with more than 11 percentage points declining Microsoft suffered a loss of more than US$32 billion.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> For the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a>, Microsoft had five product divisions: Windows Division, Server and Tools, Online Services Division, Microsoft Business Division and Entertainment and Devices Division. On September 3, 2013, Microsoft agreed to buy <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>'s mobile unit for $7 billion (~$9.03 billion in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Also in 2013, <a href="/wiki/Amy_Hood" title="Amy Hood">Amy Hood</a> became the CFO of Microsoft.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> The Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) was launched in October 2013 and Microsoft was part of the coalition of public and private organizations that also included <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>. Led by <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> inventor <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a>, the A4AI seeks to make Internet access more affordable so that access is broadened in the developing world, where only 31% of people are online. Google will help to decrease Internet access prices so that they fall below the UN Broadband Commission's worldwide target of 5% of monthly income.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In line with the maturing PC business, in July 2013, Microsoft announced that it would reorganize the business into four new business divisions by function: Operating System, Apps, Cloud, and Devices. All previous divisions were diluted into new divisions without any workforce cuts.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> In 2014, Microsoft exhibited a snapshot of their 1994 website as a twenty-year anniversary.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2014–2020:_Windows_10,_Windows_10_Mobile,_Microsoft_Edge_and_HoloLens">2014–2020: Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Microsoft&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2014–2020: Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MS-Exec-Nadella-Satya-2017-08-31-22_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/MS-Exec-Nadella-Satya-2017-08-31-22_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-MS-Exec-Nadella-Satya-2017-08-31-22_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/MS-Exec-Nadella-Satya-2017-08-31-22_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-MS-Exec-Nadella-Satya-2017-08-31-22_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/MS-Exec-Nadella-Satya-2017-08-31-22_%28cropped%29.jpg/401px-MS-Exec-Nadella-Satya-2017-08-31-22_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2119" data-file-height="2708" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a> became CEO of Microsoft in 2014</figcaption></figure> On February 4, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ballmer" title="Steve Ballmer">Steve Ballmer</a> stepped down as CEO of Microsoft and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a>, who previously led Microsoft's Cloud and Enterprise division.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> On the same day, <a href="/wiki/John_W._Thompson" title="John W. Thompson">John W. Thompson</a> took on the role of chairman, with Bill Gates stepping down from the position, while continuing to participate as a technology advisor.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> On April 25, 2014, Microsoft acquired Nokia Devices and Services for $7.2 billion (~$9.13 billion in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-Microsoft_to_close_its_acquisition_of_Nokia's_devices_and_services_business_on_April_25-115">[115]</a> The new subsidiary was renamed Microsoft Mobile Oy.<a href="#cite_note-Nokia_phone_division_to_be_renamed_Microsoft_Mobile,_reveals_leaked_letter-116">[116]</a> In May 2016, the company announced it will lay off 1,850 workers, taking an impairment and restructuring charge of $950 million (~$1.18 billion in 2023). During the previous summer of 2015 the company wrote down $7.6 billion (~$9.55 billion in 2023) related to its mobile-phone business and fired 7,800 employees from those operations.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ:_Microsoft_to_Streamline_Smartphone_Hardware_Business-117">[117]</a> On September 15, 2014, Microsoft acquired the video game development company <a href="/wiki/Mojang" class="mw-redirect" title="Mojang">Mojang</a>, best known for its wildly popular flagship game <a href="/wiki/Minecraft" title="Minecraft">Minecraft</a>, for $2.5 billion (~$3.17 billion in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lumia-950-Lumia-950-XL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Lumia-950-Lumia-950-XL.jpg/220px-Lumia-950-Lumia-950-XL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Lumia-950-Lumia-950-XL.jpg/330px-Lumia-950-Lumia-950-XL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Lumia-950-Lumia-950-XL.jpg/440px-Lumia-950-Lumia-950-XL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption>The Lumia 950 and 950 XL, which run <a href="/wiki/Windows_10_Mobile" title="Windows 10 Mobile">Windows 10 Mobile</a></figcaption></figure> On January 21, 2015, Microsoft announced the release of their first <a href="/wiki/Interactive_whiteboard" title="Interactive whiteboard">Interactive whiteboard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surface_Hub" title="Surface Hub">Microsoft Surface Hub</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Surface" title="Microsoft Surface">Surface</a> family).<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> On July 29, 2015, Microsoft released the next version of the Windows operating system, <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Windows_10_Launches_Worldwide-120">[120]</a> The successor to <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_8.1" title="Windows Phone 8.1">Windows Phone 8.1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_10_Mobile" title="Windows 10 Mobile">Windows 10 Mobile</a>, was released November 20, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> In Q1 2015, Microsoft was the third largest maker of mobile phones selling 33 million units (7.2% of all), while a large majority (at least 75%) of them do not run any version of <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a> – those other phones are not categorized as smartphones by Gartner – in the same time frame 8 million Windows smartphones (2.5% of all smartphones) were made by all manufacturers (but mostly by Microsoft).<a href="#cite_note-Garner-122">[122]</a> Microsoft's share of the U.S. smartphone market in January 2016 was 2.7%.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> On March 1, 2016, Microsoft announced the merge of its PC and Xbox divisions, with <a href="/wiki/Phil_Spencer_(business_executive)" title="Phil Spencer (business executive)">Phil Spencer</a> announcing that Universal Windows Platform (UWP) apps would be the focus for Microsoft's gaming in the future.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> In June 2016, Microsoft announced a project named Microsoft Azure Information Protection. It aims to help enterprises protect their data as it moves between servers and devices.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> The server sibling to Windows 10, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2016" title="Windows Server 2016">Windows Server 2016</a>, was released in September 2016. In November 2016, Microsoft joined the <a href="/wiki/Linux_Foundation" title="Linux Foundation">Linux Foundation</a> as a Platinum member during Microsoft's Connect(); developer event in New York.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> The cost of each Platinum membership is US$500,000 per year.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Some analysts deemed this unthinkable ten years prior: in 2001, then-CEO Steve Ballmer called Linux "cancer".<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> On January 24, 2017, Microsoft showcased Intune for Education at the <a href="/wiki/BETT" title="BETT">BETT</a> 2017 education technology conference in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Intune for Education is a new cloud-based application and device management service for the education sector.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Microsoft will launch a preview of Intune for Education "in the coming weeks", with general availability scheduled for spring 2017, priced at $30 (~$37.00 in 2023) per device, or through volume licensing agreements.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> On June 8, 2017, Microsoft acquired Hexadite, an Israeli security firm, for $100 million (~$122 million in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> In August 2018, <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Tsusho" title="Toyota Tsusho">Toyota Tsusho</a> began a partnership with Microsoft to create <a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">fish farming</a> tools using the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a> application suite for <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">IoT</a> technologies related to water management. Developed in part by researchers from <a href="/wiki/Kindai_University" title="Kindai University">Kindai University</a>, the water pump mechanisms use <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> to count the number of fish on a <a href="/wiki/Conveyor_belt" title="Conveyor belt">conveyor belt</a>, analyze the number of fish, and deduce the effectiveness of water flow from the data the fish provide. The specific <a href="/wiki/Computer_programs" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer programs">computer programs</a> used in the process fall under the Azure Machine Learning and the Azure IoT Hub platforms.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> On October 8, 2017, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Belfiore" title="Joe Belfiore">Joe Belfiore</a> announced that work on Windows 10 Mobile was drawing to a close due to lack of market penetration and resultant lack of interest from app developers.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> On October 10, 2018, Microsoft joined the <a href="/wiki/Open_Invention_Network" title="Open Invention Network">Open Invention Network</a> community despite holding more than 60,000 patents.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> On October 15, 2018, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a> died after complications of <a href="/wiki/Non-Hodgkin%27s_lymphoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma">non-Hodgkin's lymphoma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> In November 2018, Microsoft agreed to supply 100,000 <a href="/wiki/HoloLens" class="mw-redirect" title="HoloLens">HoloLens</a> headsets to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_military" class="mw-redirect" title="United States military">United States military</a> in order to "increase lethality by enhancing the ability to detect, decide and engage before the enemy."<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> In December 2018, Microsoft announced Project Mu, an <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> release of the <a href="/wiki/UEFI" title="UEFI">UEFI</a> core used in <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Surface" title="Microsoft Surface">Microsoft Surface</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a> products. The project promotes the idea of <a href="/wiki/Firmware_as_a_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Firmware as a Service">Firmware as a Service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> In the same month, Microsoft announced the <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> implementation of <a href="/wiki/Windows_Forms" title="Windows Forms">Windows Forms</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Windows_Presentation_Foundation" title="Windows Presentation Foundation">Windows Presentation Foundation</a> (WPF) which will allow for further movement of the company toward the transparent release of key frameworks used in developing Windows desktop applications and software. December also saw the company rebuilding <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a>-based browser;<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> it was publicly released on January 15, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> In January 2019, Microsoft announced that support for Windows 10 Mobile would end on December 10, 2019, and that Windows 10 Mobile users should migrate to iOS or Android phones.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> On February 20, 2019, Microsoft Corp said it will offer its cyber security service AccountGuard to 12 new markets in Europe including Germany, France and Spain, to close security gaps and protect customers in political space from hacking.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> In February 2019, hundreds of Microsoft employees protested the company's $480 million contract to develop <a href="/wiki/VR_headsets" class="mw-redirect" title="VR headsets">VR headsets</a> for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>, calling it <a href="/wiki/War_profiteering" title="War profiteering">war profiteering</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2020–present:_Acquisitions,_Xbox_Series_X/S,_and_Windows_11">2020–present: Acquisitions, Xbox Series X/S, and Windows 11</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Microsoft&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2020–present: Acquisitions, Xbox Series X/S, and Windows 11">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Activision_Blizzard_by_Microsoft" title="Acquisition of Activision Blizzard by Microsoft">Acquisition of Activision Blizzard by Microsoft</a></div> On March 26, 2020, Microsoft announced it was acquiring Affirmed Networks for about $1.35 billion (~$1.57 billion in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, Microsoft closed all of its retail stores indefinitely due to health concerns.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> On July 22, 2020, Microsoft announced plans to close its <a href="/wiki/Mixer_(service)" title="Mixer (service)">Mixer</a> service, planning to move existing partners to <a href="/wiki/Facebook_Gaming" title="Facebook Gaming">Facebook Gaming</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> On July 31, 2020, it was reported that Microsoft was in talks to acquire <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a> after the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> ordered <a href="/wiki/ByteDance" title="ByteDance">ByteDance</a> to <a href="/wiki/Divestment" title="Divestment">divest</a> ownership of the application to the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> On August 3, 2020, after speculation on the deal, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> stated that Microsoft could buy the application, however, it should be completed by September 15, 2020, and that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">United States Department of the Treasury</a> should receive a portion if it were to go through.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> On August 5, 2020, Microsoft stopped its <a href="/wiki/XCloud" class="mw-redirect" title="XCloud">xCloud</a> game streaming test for <a href="/wiki/List_of_iOS_devices" class="mw-redirect" title="List of iOS devices">iOS devices</a>. According to Microsoft, the future of xCloud on iOS remains unclear and potentially out of Microsoft's hands. Apple has imposed a strict limit on <a href="/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">"remote desktop clients"</a> which means applications are only allowed to connect to a user-owned host device or gaming console owned by the user.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> On September 21, 2020, Microsoft announced its intent to acquire video game company <a href="/wiki/ZeniMax_Media" title="ZeniMax Media">ZeniMax Media</a>, the parent company of <a href="/wiki/Bethesda_Softworks" title="Bethesda Softworks">Bethesda Softworks</a>, for about $7.5 billion, with the deal expected to occur in the second half of 2021 fiscal year.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> On March 9, 2021, the acquisition was finalized and ZeniMax Media became part of Microsoft's Xbox Game Studios division.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> The total price of the deal was $8.1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xbox_Series_S_with_controller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Xbox_Series_S_with_controller.jpg/220px-Xbox_Series_S_with_controller.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Xbox_Series_S_with_controller.jpg/330px-Xbox_Series_S_with_controller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Xbox_Series_S_with_controller.jpg/440px-Xbox_Series_S_with_controller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2101" data-file-height="2101" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Xbox_Series_X_and_Series_S" title="Xbox Series X and Series S">Xbox Series S</a>, released in 2020</figcaption></figure> On September 22, 2020, Microsoft announced that it had an exclusive license to use <a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a>’s GPT-3 artificial intelligence language generator.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> The previous version of <a href="/wiki/GPT-3" title="GPT-3">GPT-3</a>, called <a href="/wiki/GPT-2" title="GPT-2">GPT-2</a>, made headlines for being “too dangerous to release” and had numerous capabilities, including designing websites, prescribing medication, answering questions, and penning articles.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> On November 10, 2020, Microsoft released the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_Series_X_and_Series_S" title="Xbox Series X and Series S">Xbox Series X and Xbox Series S</a> video game consoles.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> In April 2021, Microsoft announced it would buy <a href="/wiki/Nuance_Communications" title="Nuance Communications">Nuance Communications</a> for approximately $16 billion (~$17.7 billion in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> The acquisition of Nuance was completed in March 2022.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In 2021, in part due to the strong quarterly earnings spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic, Microsoft's valuation came to near $2 trillion. The increased necessity for <a href="/wiki/Remote_work" title="Remote work">remote work</a> and <a href="/wiki/Distance_education" title="Distance education">distance education</a> drove demand for <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> and grew the company's gaming sales.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> On June 24, 2021, Microsoft announced <a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a> during a Livestream. The announcement came with confusion after Microsoft announced Windows 10 would be the last version of the operating system; set to be released in the third quarter of 2021.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> It was released to the general public on October 5, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> In early September 2021, it was announced that the company had acquired Takelessons, an online platform which connects students and tutors in numerous subjects. The acquisition positioned Microsoft to grow its presence in the market of providing an online education to large numbers of people.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> In the same month, Microsoft acquired Australia-based video editing software company <a href="/wiki/Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> In October 2021, Microsoft announced that it began rolling out end-to-end encryption (E2EE) support for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Microsoft Teams</a> calls in order to secure business communication while using video conferencing software. Users can ensure that their calls are encrypted and can utilize a security code that both parties on a call must verify on their respective ends.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> On October 7, Microsoft acquired Ally.io, a software service that measures companies' progress against <a href="/wiki/OKR" class="mw-redirect" title="OKR">OKRs</a>. Microsoft plans to incorporate Ally.io into its Viva family of employee experience products.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> On January 18, 2022, Microsoft announced the acquisition of American video game developer and <a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">holding company</a> <a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a> in an all-cash deal worth $68.7 billion.<a href="#cite_note-:0-169">[169]</a> Activision Blizzard is best known for producing franchises, including but not limited to <a href="/wiki/Warcraft" title="Warcraft">Warcraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diablo_(series)" title="Diablo (series)">Diablo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Call_of_Duty" title="Call of Duty">Call of Duty</a>, <a href="/wiki/StarCraft" title="StarCraft">StarCraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Candy_Crush_Saga" title="Candy Crush Saga">Candy Crush Saga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crash_Bandicoot" title="Crash Bandicoot">Crash Bandicoot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spyro" title="Spyro">Spyro the Dragon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skylanders" title="Skylanders">Skylanders</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Overwatch_(video_game)" title="Overwatch (video game)">Overwatch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> Activision and Microsoft each released statements saying the acquisition was to benefit their businesses in the <a href="/wiki/Metaverse" title="Metaverse">metaverse</a>, many saw Microsoft's acquisition of video game studios as an attempt to compete against <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platforms</a>, with <a href="/wiki/TheStreet" title="TheStreet">TheStreet</a> referring to Microsoft wanting to become "the Disney of the metaverse".<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Microsoft has not released statements regarding Activision's recent legal controversies regarding employee abuse, but reports have alleged that Activision CEO <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Kotick" title="Bobby Kotick">Bobby Kotick</a>, a major target of the controversy, will leave the company after the acquisition is finalized.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> The deal was closed on October 13, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> In December 2022, Microsoft announced a new 10-year deal with the London Stock Exchange for products including Microsoft Azure; Microsoft acquired ~4% of the latter company as part of the deal.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> In January 2023, CEO Satya Nadella announced Microsoft would lay off some 10,000 employees.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> The announcement came a day after hosting a <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> concert for 50 people, including Microsoft executives, in <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a>, Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Microsoft also announced a new multi-year, multi-billion dollar investment deal with OpenAI.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> In January 2024, Microsoft became the most valued publicly traded company. Meanwhile, that month, the company announced a subscription offering of artificial intelligence for small businesses via Copilot Pro.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> On July 19, 2024, Microsoft suffered a <a href="/wiki/July_2024_global_cyber_outages" class="mw-redirect" title="July 2024 global cyber outages">massive IT outage</a> that affected many organizations (such as banks, airports, and <a href="/wiki/911_(emergency_telephone_number)" title="911 (emergency telephone number)">911</a> services) worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Microsoft&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/29px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/38px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/19px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/30px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/39px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Octicons-terminal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/17px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/25px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/33px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1024" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Computer_programming" title="Portal:Computer programming">Computer programming</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kbackgammon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Nuvola_apps_kbackgammon.png/19px-Nuvola_apps_kbackgammon.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Nuvola_apps_kbackgammon.png/29px-Nuvola_apps_kbackgammon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Nuvola_apps_kbackgammon.png/38px-Nuvola_apps_kbackgammon.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Games" title="Portal:Games">Games</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/19px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/29px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/21px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/42px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Microsoft_Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Microsoft Windows">History of Microsoft Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Microsoft_Word" title="History of Microsoft Word">History of Microsoft Word</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_litigation" title="Microsoft litigation">Microsoft litigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embrace,_extend,_and_extinguish" title="Embrace, extend, and extinguish">Embrace, extend, and extinguish</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Microsoft&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output 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.citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output 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Retrieved November 27, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mary+Jo+Foley%3A+Windows+Phone+8+launch+date+revealed&rft.pub=LiveSide.net&rft.date=2012-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liveside.net%2F2012%2F08%2F30%2Fmary-jo-foley-windows-phone-8-launch-dates-revealed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Microsoft" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wpcentral.com/microsoft-prepping-everything-complete-brand-and-product-relaunch">"Microsoft prepping for complete brand and product line relaunch, New York store coming the 26th"</a>. wpcentral.com. October 2, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102010038/http://www.wpcentral.com/microsoft-prepping-everything-complete-brand-and-product-relaunch">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2012. 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Retrieved March 29, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Next+Web&rft.atitle=Microsoft+launches+%27Patent+Tracker%27+to+help+you+search+its+library+of+intellectual+property&rft.date=2013-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthenextweb.com%2Fmicrosoft%2F2013%2F03%2F28%2Fmicrosoft-launches-patent-tracker-to-help-you-search-its-library-of-intellectual-property%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Microsoft" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierce2013" class="citation web cs1">Pierce, David (May 21, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2013/5/21/4353232/kinect-xbox-one-hands-on/in/4116279">"The all-seeing Kinect: tracking my face, arms, body and heart on the Xbox One"</a>. 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href="http://live-counter.com/bill-gates-money-counter/">Bill Gates Money In Realtime</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://features.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2011/03/13/inside-the-deal-that-made-bill-gates-350000000/?section=magazines_fortune">Inside The Deal That Made Bill Gates $350,000,000</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110317061438/http://features.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2011/03/13/inside-the-deal-that-made-bill-gates-350000000/?section=magazines_fortune">Archived</a> March 17, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Bro Uttal, <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a>, July 21, 1986, reprinted on March 13, 2011</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130207234340/http://winspark.net/2013/02/03/the-history-of-microsoft-and-bill-gates-timeline/">The History of Microsoft and Bill Gates – Timeline</a>, Rahul Vijay Manekari, February 2, 2013</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a> (Chairman and CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reid_Hoffman" title="Reid Hoffman">Reid Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandi_Peterson" title="Sandi Peterson">Sandi Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Pritzker" title="Penny Pritzker">Penny Pritzker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_A._Rodriguez" title="Carlos A. Rodriguez">Carlos A. Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Scharf" title="Charles Scharf">Charles Scharf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stanton" title="John W. Stanton">John W. Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Thompson" title="John W. Thompson">John W. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Walmsley" title="Emma Walmsley">Emma Walmsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmasree_Warrior" title="Padmasree Warrior">Padmasree Warrior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior leadership team</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a> (CEO)</li> <li>Takeshi Numoto (CMO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Guthrie" title="Scott Guthrie">Scott Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Dybeck_Happe" title="Carolina Dybeck Happe">Carolina Dybeck Happe</a> (COO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Hood" title="Amy Hood">Amy Hood</a> (CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Scott_(computer_scientist)" title="Kevin Scott (computer scientist)">Kevin Scott</a> (CTO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Smith_(American_lawyer)" title="Brad Smith (American lawyer)">Brad Smith</a> (CLO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Shum" title="Harry Shum">Harry Shum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Spencer_(business_executive)" title="Phil Spencer (business executive)">Phil Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Hogan" title="Kathleen Hogan">Kathleen Hogan</a> (CPO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corporate VPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Belfiore" title="Joe Belfiore">Joe Belfiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rashid" title="Richard Rashid">Richard Rashid</a> (SVP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cernuda" title="César Cernuda">César Cernuda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Employee groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_LGBTQIA%2B_Employee_%26_Allies_at_Microsoft" title="Global LGBTQIA+ Employee & Allies at Microsoft">Global LGBTQIA+ Employee & Allies at Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_and_unions" title="Microsoft and unions">Microsoft and unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_hardware" title="Microsoft hardware">Hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azure_Kinect" title="Azure Kinect">Azure Kinect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_HoloLens" title="Microsoft HoloLens">HoloLens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LifeCam" title="LifeCam">LifeCam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Surface" title="Microsoft Surface">Surface</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Duo" title="Surface Duo">Duo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Go" title="Surface Go">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Hub" title="Surface Hub">Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Laptop" title="Surface Laptop">Laptop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Laptop_Go" title="Surface Laptop Go">Laptop Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Neo" title="Surface Neo">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Pro" title="Surface Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Studio" title="Surface Studio">Studio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox" title="Xbox">Xbox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_software" title="List of Microsoft software">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Dynamics_365" title="Microsoft Dynamics 365">Dynamics 365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havok_(software)" title="Havok (software)">Havok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">Microsoft 365</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Teams</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_and_open_source" title="Microsoft and open source">Open source software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Power_Platform" title="Microsoft Power Platform">Power Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Servers" title="Microsoft Servers">Servers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Start" title="Microsoft Start">Start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_(chatbot)" title="Tay (chatbot)">Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio" title="Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Code" title="Visual Studio Code">Visual Studio Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_system_software" title="Xbox system software">Xbox OS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(.NET)" title="Visual Basic (.NET)">VB.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications">VBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">Visual Basic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/AL" title="C/AL">C/AL a.k.a. Navision Attain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="F Sharp (programming language)">F#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Programming_Language" title="Microsoft Visual Programming Language">MVPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Power_Fx" title="Microsoft Power Fx">Power Fx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_Sharp" title="Q Sharp">Q#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transact-SQL" title="Transact-SQL">Transact-SQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_J%2B%2B" title="Visual J++">Visual J++</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_J_Sharp" title="Visual J Sharp">Visual J#</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Web properties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Azure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bing" title="Microsoft Bing">Bing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Copilot" title="Microsoft Copilot">Copilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Learn" title="Microsoft Learn">Learn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_9_(Microsoft)" title="Channel 9 (Microsoft)">Channel 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Developer_Network" title="Microsoft Developer Network">Developer Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_TechNet" title="Microsoft TechNet">TechNet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn_Learning" title="LinkedIn Learning">LinkedIn Learning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook.com" title="Outlook.com">Outlook.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Translator" title="Microsoft Translator">Translator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Company</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Build" title="Microsoft Build">Build</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Ignite" title="Microsoft Ignite">Ignite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Inspire" title="Microsoft Inspire">Inspire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIX_(Microsoft)" title="MIX (Microsoft)">MIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Developers_Conference" title="Professional Developers Conference">PDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Hardware_Engineering_Conference" title="Windows Hardware Engineering Conference">WinHEC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Foundation" title=".NET Foundation">.NET Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Digital_Crimes_Unit" title="Microsoft Digital Crimes Unit">Digital Crimes Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_engineering_groups" title="Microsoft engineering groups">Engineering groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mobile" title="Microsoft Mobile">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype_Technologies" title="Skype Technologies">Skype unit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Gaming" title="Microsoft Gaming">Gaming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_Game_Studios" title="Xbox Game Studios">Xbox Game Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZeniMax_Media" title="ZeniMax Media">ZeniMax Media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Garage" title="Microsoft Garage">Garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outercurve_Foundation" title="Outercurve Foundation">Outercurve Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Press" title="Microsoft Press">Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Research" title="Microsoft Research">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store_(retail)" title="Microsoft Store (retail)">Retail stores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Estates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_campus" title="Microsoft campus">Microsoft campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Egypt">Microsoft Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_India" title="Microsoft India">Microsoft India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Japan" title="Microsoft Japan">Microsoft Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Campaigns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Where_do_you_want_to_go_today%3F" title="Where do you want to go today?">Where do you want to go today?</a>" (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Champagne_(advertisement)" title="Champagne (advertisement)">Champagne</a>" (2002)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mojave_Experiment" title="Mojave Experiment">Mojave Experiment</a>" (2006)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_a_PC" title="I'm a PC">I'm a PC</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Scroogled" title="Scroogled">Scroogled</a>" (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft" title="Criticism of Microsoft">Criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundling_of_Microsoft_Windows" title="Bundling of Microsoft Windows">Bundling of Microsoft Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Assistant" title="Office Assistant">Clippy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILoo#Reaction" title="ILoo">iLoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer#Security_vulnerabilities" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bob" title="Microsoft Bob">Microsoft Bob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSAKEY" title="NSAKEY">_NSAKEY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft_Windows" title="Criticism of Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_XP" title="Criticism of Windows XP">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_Vista" title="Criticism of Windows Vista">Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_10" title="Criticism of Windows 10">10</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_litigation" title="Microsoft litigation">Litigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcatel-Lucent_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft Corp.">Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Computer,_Inc._v._Microsoft_Corp." title="Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp.">Apple v. Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._Commission" title="Microsoft Corp. v. Commission">Microsoft v. Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTC_v._Microsoft" title="FTC v. Microsoft">FTC v. Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._Lindows.com,_Inc." title="Microsoft Corp. v. Lindows.com, Inc.">Microsoft v. Lindows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_v._MikeRoweSoft" title="Microsoft v. MikeRoweSoft">Microsoft v. MikeRoweSoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._Shah" title="Microsoft Corp. v. Shah">Microsoft v. Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="United States v. Microsoft Corp.">United States v. Microsoft</a> (2001 antitrust case)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._United_States" title="Microsoft Corp. v. United States">Microsoft v. United States</a> (2018 data privacy case)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Microsoft" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Microsoft">Acquisitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wunderlist" title="Wunderlist">6Wunderkinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Access_Software" title="Access Software">Access Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acompli" title="Acompli">Acompli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Activision_Blizzard_by_Microsoft" title="Acquisition of Activision Blizzard by Microsoft">acquisition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altamira_Software" title="Altamira Software">Altamira Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AltspaceVR" title="AltspaceVR">AltspaceVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AQuantive" title="AQuantive">aQuantive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Amalga" title="Microsoft Amalga">Azyxxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixer_(service)" title="Mixer (service)">Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Ribbon_SoundWorks" title="The Blue Ribbon SoundWorks">The Blue Ribbon SoundWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungie" title="Bungie">Bungie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colloquis" title="Colloquis">Colloquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsion_Games" title="Compulsion Games">Compulsion Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connectix" title="Connectix">Connectix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumers_Software" title="Consumers Software">Consumers Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danger,_Inc." title="Danger, Inc.">Danger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Fine" title="Double Fine">Double Fine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Travel" title="MSN Travel">Farecast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FASA_Studio" title="FASA Studio">FASA Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Development_Center_Norway" title="Microsoft Development Center Norway">Fast Search & Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_(website)" title="Firefly (website)">Firefly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forethought,_Inc." title="Forethought, Inc.">Forethought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Defender_Antivirus" title="Microsoft Defender Antivirus">GIANT Company Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains_Software" title="Great Plains Software">Great Plains Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenButton" title="GreenButton">GreenButton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_Networks" title="Groove Networks">Groove Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havok_(company)" title="Havok (company)">Havok Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Heat_Major_League_Baseball" title="High Heat Major League Baseball">High Heat Major League Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook.com" title="Outlook.com">Hotmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InXile_Entertainment" title="InXile Entertainment">inXile Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellyfish.com" title="Jellyfish.com">Jellyfish.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinkExchange" title="LinkExchange">LinkExchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionhead_Studios" title="Lionhead Studios">Lionhead Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maluuba" title="Maluuba">Maluuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massive_Incorporated" title="Massive Incorporated">Massive Incorporated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaswitch" title="Metaswitch">Metaswitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MileIQ" title="MileIQ">Mobile Data Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojang_Studios" title="Mojang Studios">Mojang Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninja_Theory" title="Ninja Theory">Ninja Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mobile" title="Microsoft Mobile">Nokia Devices and Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Npm" title="Npm">npm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuance_Communications" title="Nuance Communications">Nuance Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian_Entertainment" title="Obsidian Entertainment">Obsidian Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Live_Toolbar#Onfolio" title="Windows Live Toolbar">Onfolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pando_Networks" title="Pando Networks">Pando Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perceptive_Pixel" title="Perceptive Pixel">Perceptive Pixel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlaceWare" title="PlaceWare">PlaceWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playground_Games" title="Playground Games">Playground Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powerset_(company)" title="Powerset (company)">Powerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Play_(company)" title="Press Play (company)">Press Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProClarity" title="ProClarity">ProClarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_(company)" title="Rare (company)">Rare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_Analytics" title="Revolution Analytics">Revolution Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RiskIQ" title="RiskIQ">RiskIQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ScreenTonic" class="mw-redirect" title="ScreenTonic">ScreenTonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Islands">Secure Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simplygon" title="Simplygon">Simplygon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype_Technologies" title="Skype Technologies">Skype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Calendar" title="Sunrise Calendar">Sunrise Atelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SwiftKey" title="Microsoft SwiftKey">SwiftKey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TakeLessons" title="TakeLessons">TakeLessons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleo" title="Teleo">Teleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tellme_Networks" title="Tellme Networks">Tellme Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twisted_Pixel_Games" title="Twisted Pixel Games">Twisted Pixel Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undead_Labs" title="Undead Labs">Undead Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermeer_Technologies" title="Vermeer Technologies">Vermeer Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visio_Corporation" title="Visio Corporation">Visio Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flux_(graphics_software)" title="Flux (graphics software)">Vivaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoloMetrix" title="VoloMetrix">VoloMetrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetShow" title="NetShow">VXtreme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_TV" title="MSN TV">WebTV Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sysinternals" title="Sysinternals">Winternals Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xamarin" title="Xamarin">Xamarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xandr" title="Xandr">Xandr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppNexus" title="AppNexus">AppNexus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Yammer">Yammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yupi" title="Yupi">Yupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZeniMax_Media" title="ZeniMax Media">ZeniMax Media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Microsoft" title="Category:Microsoft">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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