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Raimond Castaing – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre

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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raimond_Castaing" title="Raimond Castaing — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Raimond Castaing" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raimond_Castaing" title="Raimond Castaing — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Raimond Castaing" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raimond_Castaing" title="Raimond Castaing — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Raimond Castaing" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raimond_Castaing" title="Raimond Castaing — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Raimond Castaing" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q522090#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="3" border="0" style="width: 270px; font-size: 88%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background-color:transparent; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;"><span class="">Raimond Castaing</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="padding-bottom: 5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Raimond_castaing.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Raimond Castaing"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Raimond_castaing.jpg/200px-Raimond_castaing.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Raimond_castaing.jpg/300px-Raimond_castaing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Raimond_castaing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption>Raimond Castaing</figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nascimento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/28_de_dezembro#Nascimentos" title="28 de dezembro">28 de dezembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a><br /><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3naco" title="Mónaco">Mônaco</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Morte </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/10_de_abril" title="10 de abril">10 de abril</a> de <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>&#160;(76&#160;anos) </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nacionalidade </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Franceses" title="Franceses">Francês</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Prêmios </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_F%C3%A9lix_Robin" title="Prêmio Félix Robin">Prêmio Félix Robin</a> (1965)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Holweck" title="Prêmio Holweck">Prêmio Holweck</a> (1966)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_de_Ouro_CNRS" title="Medalha de Ouro CNRS">Medalha de Ouro CNRS</a> (1975)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Campo(s) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">Física</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Raimond Castaing</b> (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3naco" title="Mónaco">Mônaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/28_de_dezembro" title="28 de dezembro">28 de dezembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a> — <a href="/wiki/10_de_abril" title="10 de abril">10 de abril</a> de <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>) foi um <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsico" title="Físico">físico</a> <a href="/wiki/Franceses" title="Franceses">francês</a>. </p><p>Frequentou a escola em Mônaco, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Condom&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Condom (página não existe)">Condom</a> e <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a>, e a partir de 1940 estudou física na <a href="/wiki/Escola_Normal_Superior_de_Paris" title="Escola Normal Superior de Paris">Escola Normal Superior de Paris</a> (ENS) e na <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Paris" title="Universidade de Paris">Universidade de Paris</a>, interrompido em 1943-1944 pelo <a href="/wiki/Servi%C3%A7o_de_trabalho_obrigat%C3%B3rio" title="Serviço de trabalho obrigatório">serviço de trabalho obrigatório</a>. Também assistiu aulas de <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> no <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a> e na ENS de <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Alfred Kastler</a>. Em 1946 completou o curso na ENS e foi a partir de 1947 engenheiro do <a href="/wiki/Office_national_d%27%C3%A9tudes_et_de_recherches_a%C3%A9rospatiales" title="Office national d&#39;études et de recherches aérospatiales">Office national d'études et de recherches aérospatiales</a> (ONERA), um instituto de pesquisas aéreas estatal. Em 1951 obteve o <a href="/wiki/Doutorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Doutorado">doutorado</a>, orientado por <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Guinier" title="André Guinier">André Guinier</a>. Desenvolveu em sua tese uma microsonda que leva seu nome, que possibilitou a pesquisa de materiais na faixa micrométrica a partir da análise de <a href="/wiki/Raios_X" title="Raios X">raios X</a> com bombardeio de elétrons. No final de década de 1950 envolveu-se no desenvolvimento do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espectr%C3%B4metro_de_massa_de_%C3%ADons_secund%C3%A1rios&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Espectrômetro de massa de íons secundários (página não existe)">espectrômetro de massa de íons secundários</a> (<i>secondary ion mass spectrometry</i> - SIMS). Em 1952 foi docente (<i>maître de conférences</i>) na <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Toulouse" title="Universidade de Toulouse">Universidade de Toulouse</a> e a partir de 1956 na Universidade de Paris. Em 1959 foi professor da Universidade de Paris em <a href="/wiki/Orsay" title="Orsay">Orsay</a>, onde fundou o Laboratório de Física do Estado Sólido com <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Friedel" title="Jacques Friedel">Jacques Friedel</a> e outros. </p><p>Foi de 1968 a 1973 diretor científico e depois diretor geral do ONERA. A partir de 1982 foi conselheiro nacional francês para questões de segurança de reatores, a partir de 1987 fez parte do comitê nacional francês para energia atômica e em 1996 foi nomeado pelo governo para presidir o comitê científico de especialistas independentes encarregados de avaliar a <a href="/wiki/Central_nuclear" title="Central nuclear">central nuclear</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superph%C3%A9nix&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Superphénix (página não existe)">Superphénix</a>. Esteve de 1984 a 1987 no conselho supervisor da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Usinor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Usinor (página não existe)">Usinor</a>, uma das três empresas que se uniram para formar a <a href="/wiki/Arcelor" title="Arcelor">Arcelor</a>. </p><p>Em 1966 recebeu o <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Holweck" title="Prêmio Holweck">Prêmio Holweck</a>, em 1975 a <a href="/wiki/Medalha_de_Ouro_CNRS" title="Medalha de Ouro CNRS">Medalha de Ouro CNRS</a> e em 1977 tornou-se membro da <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie des Sciences">Académie des Sciences</a>. </p><p><br /> </p> <p>&#32; </p><table class="toccolours" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin:0 auto; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Precedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Lederer" title="Edgar Lederer">Edgar Lederer</a></span></b></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Medalha_de_Ouro_CNRS" title="Medalha de Ouro CNRS">Medalha de Ouro CNRS</a></b><br />1975<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;">com <a href="/wiki/Christiane_Desroches_Noblecourt" title="Christiane Desroches Noblecourt">Christiane Desroches Noblecourt</a></span></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Sucedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Cartan" title="Henri Cartan">Henri Cartan</a></span></b></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medalha_de_Ouro_CNRS_(1954_—_2021)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_de_Ouro_CNRS" title="Predefinição:Medalha de Ouro CNRS"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Medalha_de_Ouro_CNRS&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Medalha de Ouro CNRS (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_de_Ouro_CNRS&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medalha_de_Ouro_CNRS_(1954_—_2021)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_de_Ouro_CNRS" title="Medalha de Ouro CNRS">Medalha de Ouro CNRS</a> (1954 — 2021)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Borel" title="Émile Borel">Émile Borel</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Louis de Broglie</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Hadamard" title="Jacques Hadamard">Jacques Hadamard</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Dupouy" title="Gaston Dupouy">Gaston Dupouy</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Ramon" title="Gaston Ramon">Gaston Ramon</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Louis_Danjon" title="André-Louis Danjon">André-Louis Danjon</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Blanchard" title="Raoul Blanchard">Raoul Blanchard</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Pol_Bouin" title="Pol Bouin">Pol Bouin</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Del%C3%A9pine" title="Marcel Delépine">Marcel Delépine</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Courrier" title="Robert Courrier">Robert Courrier</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Alfred Kastler</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Louis_Eug%C3%A8ne_F%C3%A9lix_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Eugène Félix Néel">Louis Eugène Félix Néel</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Pascal" title="Paul Pascal">Paul Pascal</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss">Claude Lévi-Strauss</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Boris_Ephrussi" title="Boris Ephrussi">Boris Ephrussi</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Chaudron" title="Georges Chaudron">Georges Chaudron</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Friedel" title="Jacques Friedel">Jacques Friedel</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Halpern" title="Bernard Halpern">Bernard Halpern</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Oudin" title="Jacques Oudin">Jacques Oudin</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Leroi-Gourhan" title="André Leroi-Gourhan">André Leroi-Gourhan</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Lederer" title="Edgar Lederer">Edgar Lederer</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1975: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Raimond Castaing</a> e <a href="/wiki/Christiane_Desroches_Noblecourt" title="Christiane Desroches Noblecourt">Christiane Desroches Noblecourt</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Cartan" title="Henri Cartan">Henri Cartan</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fehrenbach" title="Charles Fehrenbach">Charles Fehrenbach</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Allais" title="Maurice Allais">Maurice Allais</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Jacquinot" title="Pierre Jacquinot">Pierre Jacquinot</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Chambon" title="Pierre Chambon">Pierre Chambon</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a> e <a href="/wiki/Roland_Martin" title="Roland Martin">Roland Martin</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Joliot" title="Pierre Joliot">Pierre Joliot</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Evry_Schatzman" title="Evry Schatzman">Evry Schatzman</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Brossel" title="Jean Brossel">Jean Brossel</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Vernant" title="Jean-Pierre Vernant">Jean-Pierre Vernant</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Piotr_S%C5%82onimski" title="Piotr Słonimski">Piotr Słonimski</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Marthe_Le_Douarin" title="Nicole Marthe Le Douarin">Nicole Marthe Le Douarin</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Canguilhem" title="Georges Canguilhem">Georges Canguilhem</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Serre" title="Jean-Pierre Serre">Jean-Pierre Serre</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Nozi%C3%A8res" title="Philippe Nozières">Philippe Nozières</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Michel_Jouvet" title="Michel Jouvet">Michel Jouvet</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Marc_Julia" title="Marc Julia">Marc Julia</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Le_Goff" title="Jacques Le Goff">Jacques Le Goff</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Changeux" title="Jean-Pierre Changeux">Jean-Pierre Changeux</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bourdieu" title="Pierre Bourdieu">Pierre Bourdieu</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Claude_All%C3%A8gre" title="Claude Allègre">Claude Allègre</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Hag%C3%A8ge" title="Claude Hagège">Claude Hagège</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Claude Cohen-Tannoudji</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Rouxel" title="Jean Rouxel">Jean Rouxel</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Potier" title="Pierre Potier">Pierre Potier</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1999: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Claude_Risset&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Claude Risset (página não existe)">Jean-Claude Risset</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Michel_Lazdunski" title="Michel Lazdunski">Michel Lazdunski</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Godelier" title="Maurice Godelier">Maurice Godelier</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Lorius" title="Claude Lorius">Claude Lorius</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jean_Jouzel" title="Jean Jouzel">Jean Jouzel</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Connes" title="Alain Connes">Alain Connes</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Alain Aspect</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Stern" title="Jacques Stern">Jacques Stern</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Weissenbach" title="Jean Weissenbach">Jean Weissenbach</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Serge Haroche</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_F%C3%A9rey" title="Gérard Férey">Gérard Férey</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Jules Hoffmann</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Descola" title="Philippe Descola">Philippe Descola</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Buckingham" title="Margaret Buckingham">Margaret Buckingham</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Berry" title="Gérard Berry">Gérard Berry</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2015: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Karsenti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Karsenti (página não existe)">Eric Karsenti</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Claire_Voisin" title="Claire Voisin">Claire Voisin</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2017: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Brillet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alain Brillet (página não existe)">Alain Brillet</a> e <a href="/wiki/Thibault_Damour" title="Thibault Damour">Thibault Damour</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2018: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Cassin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbara Cassin (página não existe)">Barbara Cassin</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2019: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Ebbesen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Ebbesen (página não existe)">Thomas Ebbesen</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Combes" title="Françoise Combes">Françoise Combes</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dalibard" title="Jean Dalibard">Jean Dalibard</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/30px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/45px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/60px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="4333" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre um(a) <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">físico(a)</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raimond_Castaing&amp;action=edit">expandindo-o</a></span></b>.</i></td> </tr></tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6f75b896fb‐brbrj Cached time: 20241121230119 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.400 seconds Real time usage: 0.738 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4545/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 41664/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4530/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 23/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.038/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1244573/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 433.417 1 -total 72.19% 312.883 1 Predefinição:Info/Cientista 69.14% 299.661 1 Predefinição:Info 14.38% 62.344 1 Predefinição:Esboço-físico 14.36% 62.218 4 Predefinição:Info/lang 13.19% 57.167 1 Predefinição:Esboço_personalizado 11.10% 48.113 1 Predefinição:Asbox 10.34% 44.808 1 Predefinição:Medalha_de_Ouro_CNRS 9.62% 41.685 1 Predefinição:Navbox 6.85% 29.681 1 Predefinição:Categorização_AD_e_AB_de_outras_wikis --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key ptwiki:pcache:idhash:3504720-0!canonical and timestamp 20241121230119 and revision id 52186482. 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