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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Greenhouse Gas Emissions</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">13,429 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Greenhouse Gas Emissions</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2641631" data-work_id="2641631" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2641631/Biochar_addition_to_agricultural_soil_increased_CH_4_uptake_and_water_holding_capacity_Results_from_a_short_term_pilot_field_study">Biochar addition to agricultural soil increased CH 4 uptake and water holding capacity – Results from a short-term pilot field study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Biochar addition to agricultural soil has been suggested to mitigate climate change through increased biogenic carbon storage and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. We measured the fluxes of N2O, CO2, and CH4 after adding 9 t ha−1... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2641631" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Biochar addition to agricultural soil has been suggested to mitigate climate change through increased biogenic carbon storage and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. We measured the fluxes of N2O, CO2, and CH4 after adding 9 t ha−1 biochar on an agricultural soil in Southern Finland in May 2009. We conducted these measurements twice a week for 1.5 months, between sowing and canopy closure, to capture the period of highest N2O emissions, where the potential for mitigation would also be highest. Biochar addition increased CH4 uptake (96% increase in the average cumulative CH4 uptake), but no statistically significant differences were observed in the CO2 and N2O emissions between the biochar amended and control plots. Added biochar increased soil water holding capacity by 11%. Further studies are needed to clarify whether this may help balance fluctuations in water availability to plants in the future climate with more frequent drought periods.▶ Biochar addition to boreal agricultural soil increases CH4 uptake. ▶ Biochar addition to boreal agricultural soil increases water holding capacity. ▶ Biochar addition to boreal agricultural soil had no effect on N2O or CO2 fluxes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2641631" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0953c2de60e0fb1ffabdf7123ee8f899" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50555239,"asset_id":2641631,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50555239/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODg5OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="229974" href="https://environment.academia.edu/TuomasMattila">Tuomas Mattila</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="229974" type="text/json">{"id":229974,"first_name":"Tuomas","last_name":"Mattila","domain_name":"environment","page_name":"TuomasMattila","display_name":"Tuomas Mattila","profile_url":"https://environment.academia.edu/TuomasMattila?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2641631 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2641631"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2641631, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2641631", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2641631]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2641631").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2641631").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2641631"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6497" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Availability">Water Availability</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6497" type="text/json">{"id":6497,"name":"Water Availability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Availability?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66862" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Mitigation">Climate Change Mitigation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="66862" type="text/json">{"id":66862,"name":"Climate Change Mitigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Mitigation?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2641631]'), work: {"id":2641631,"title":"Biochar addition to agricultural soil increased CH 4 uptake and water holding capacity – Results from a short-term pilot field study","created_at":"2013-02-24T15:52:19.944-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2641631/Biochar_addition_to_agricultural_soil_increased_CH_4_uptake_and_water_holding_capacity_Results_from_a_short_term_pilot_field_study?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_2641631","summary":"Biochar addition to agricultural soil has been suggested to mitigate climate change through increased biogenic carbon storage and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. We measured the fluxes of N2O, CO2, and CH4 after adding 9 t ha−1 biochar on an agricultural soil in Southern Finland in May 2009. We conducted these measurements twice a week for 1.5 months, between sowing and canopy closure, to capture the period of highest N2O emissions, where the potential for mitigation would also be highest. Biochar addition increased CH4 uptake (96% increase in the average cumulative CH4 uptake), but no statistically significant differences were observed in the CO2 and N2O emissions between the biochar amended and control plots. Added biochar increased soil water holding capacity by 11%. Further studies are needed to clarify whether this may help balance fluctuations in water availability to plants in the future climate with more frequent drought periods.▶ Biochar addition to boreal agricultural soil increases CH4 uptake. ▶ Biochar addition to boreal agricultural soil increases water holding capacity. ▶ Biochar addition to boreal agricultural soil had no effect on N2O or CO2 fluxes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50555239,"asset_id":2641631,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":229974,"first_name":"Tuomas","last_name":"Mattila","domain_name":"environment","page_name":"TuomasMattila","display_name":"Tuomas Mattila","profile_url":"https://environment.academia.edu/TuomasMattila?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":6497,"name":"Water Availability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Availability?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":66862,"name":"Climate Change Mitigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Mitigation?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":125564,"name":"Statistical Significance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Significance?f_ri=184265"},{"id":161716,"name":"Carbon Storage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Storage?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":239810,"name":"Field Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Field_Study?f_ri=184265"},{"id":788163,"name":"Black Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Carbon?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1222799,"name":"Soil Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Water?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1537650,"name":"Agricultural Soil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Soil?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1993786,"name":"Cumulant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cumulant?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8411340" data-work_id="8411340" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8411340/DOES_NEW_ZEALAND_S_EMISSION_TRADE_SYSTEM_HAVE_A_FUTURE_IN_THE_POST_KYOTO_ERA">DOES NEW ZEALAND’S EMISSION TRADE SYSTEM HAVE A FUTURE IN THE POST KYOTO ERA </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8411340" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7e4575f5c033c2b88c2b99e74529a8e0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34804854,"asset_id":8411340,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34804854/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODg5OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa 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});</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8411340 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8411340"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8411340; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8411340]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8411340").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8411340").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8411340"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2738" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy">Renewable Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2738" type="text/json">{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41957" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Trading">Carbon Trading</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41957" type="text/json">{"id":41957,"name":"Carbon Trading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Trading?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="116108" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Zealand">New Zealand</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="116108" type="text/json">{"id":116108,"name":"New Zealand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Zealand?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8411340]'), work: {"id":8411340,"title":"DOES NEW ZEALAND’S EMISSION TRADE SYSTEM HAVE A FUTURE IN THE POST KYOTO ERA ","created_at":"2014-09-20T09:51:36.792-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8411340/DOES_NEW_ZEALAND_S_EMISSION_TRADE_SYSTEM_HAVE_A_FUTURE_IN_THE_POST_KYOTO_ERA?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_8411340","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34804854,"asset_id":8411340,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4493207,"first_name":"Chukwuemeka","last_name":"Nwigwe","domain_name":"dundee","page_name":"ChukwuemekaNwigwe","display_name":"Chukwuemeka Nwigwe","profile_url":"https://dundee.academia.edu/ChukwuemekaNwigwe?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4493207/1847390/2196882/s65_chukwuemeka.nwigwe.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":41957,"name":"Carbon Trading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Trading?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":116108,"name":"New Zealand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Zealand?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2031694" data-work_id="2031694" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2031694/Evaluating_voluntary_travel_behaviour_change_Suggested_guidelines_and_case_studies">Evaluating voluntary travel behaviour change: Suggested guidelines and case studies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Since the late 1990s, voluntary travel behaviour change (VTBC) has been an increasingly popular strategy in Australia, applied to reduce both reliance on the car and greenhouse gas emissions. Early efforts to evaluate the impact of this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2031694" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Since the late 1990s, voluntary travel behaviour change (VTBC) has been an increasingly popular strategy in Australia, applied to reduce both reliance on the car and greenhouse gas emissions. Early efforts to evaluate the impact of this strategy were generally implemented by the agency that also implemented the policy and used small sample, self-report surveys. The paper starts out by discussing the nature and size of travel behaviour changes that are frequently expected in current policy, noting that these are often smaller than the sampling and measurement errors in traditional methods of measuring travel behaviour. The paper then discusses some alternative methods of evaluating voluntary travel behaviour change implementations using panels to reduce sampling error, and using a combination of personal Global Positioning System devices and odometer reading surveys to measure travel patterns. From these considerations, a number of guidelines are suggested for what is required to evaluate voluntary travel behaviour change. The paper describes three recent case studies in Australia in which such methods have been used and evaluates the methodological approaches used in these studies against the suggested guidelines.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2031694" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="89ec33e2bbdf7d301b7166cf56613fb1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50779144,"asset_id":2031694,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50779144/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODg5OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2654486" href="https://unimelb.academia.edu/NatalieSwann">Natalie Swann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2654486" type="text/json">{"id":2654486,"first_name":"Natalie","last_name":"Swann","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"NatalieSwann","display_name":"Natalie Swann","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/NatalieSwann?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2654486/855058/41108853/s65_natalie.swann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2031694 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2031694"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2031694, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2031694", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2031694 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2031694; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2031694"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2031694 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2031694"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2031694; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2031694]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2031694").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2031694").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2031694"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7099" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Studies">Case Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7099" type="text/json">{"id":7099,"name":"Case Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Studies?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8262" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Travel_Behaviour">Travel Behaviour</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8262" type="text/json">{"id":8262,"name":"Travel Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Travel_Behaviour?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8910" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation">Evaluation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8910" type="text/json">{"id":8910,"name":"Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20436" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_And_Regional_Planning">Urban And Regional Planning</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20436" type="text/json">{"id":20436,"name":"Urban And Regional Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_And_Regional_Planning?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2031694]'), work: {"id":2031694,"title":"Evaluating voluntary travel behaviour change: Suggested guidelines and case studies","created_at":"2012-10-15T15:47:28.977-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2031694/Evaluating_voluntary_travel_behaviour_change_Suggested_guidelines_and_case_studies?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_2031694","summary":"Since the late 1990s, voluntary travel behaviour change (VTBC) has been an increasingly popular strategy in Australia, applied to reduce both reliance on the car and greenhouse gas emissions. Early efforts to evaluate the impact of this strategy were generally implemented by the agency that also implemented the policy and used small sample, self-report surveys. The paper starts out by discussing the nature and size of travel behaviour changes that are frequently expected in current policy, noting that these are often smaller than the sampling and measurement errors in traditional methods of measuring travel behaviour. The paper then discusses some alternative methods of evaluating voluntary travel behaviour change implementations using panels to reduce sampling error, and using a combination of personal Global Positioning System devices and odometer reading surveys to measure travel patterns. From these considerations, a number of guidelines are suggested for what is required to evaluate voluntary travel behaviour change. The paper describes three recent case studies in Australia in which such methods have been used and evaluates the methodological approaches used in these studies against the suggested guidelines.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50779144,"asset_id":2031694,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2654486,"first_name":"Natalie","last_name":"Swann","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"NatalieSwann","display_name":"Natalie Swann","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/NatalieSwann?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2654486/855058/41108853/s65_natalie.swann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7099,"name":"Case Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Studies?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":8262,"name":"Travel Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Travel_Behaviour?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":8910,"name":"Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":20436,"name":"Urban And Regional Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_And_Regional_Planning?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":62828,"name":"Transport policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transport_policy?f_ri=184265"},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=184265"},{"id":162403,"name":"Measurement Error","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Measurement_Error?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":805001,"name":"Small samples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_samples?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1631043,"name":"Control Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Group?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1688205,"name":"Global position ing system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_position_ing_system?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34506591 coauthored" data-work_id="34506591" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34506591/What_role_for_offsetting_aviation_greenhouse_gas_emissions_in_a_deep_cut_carbon_world">What role for offsetting aviation greenhouse gas emissions in a deep-cut carbon world?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The long-term goal of containing average warming below the 2 degrees C limit requires deep cuts in emissions from all sectors. The fast growing global aviation industry has committed to reduce carbon emissions. Carbon offsetting is an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34506591" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The long-term goal of containing average warming below the 2  degrees C limit requires deep cuts in emissions from all sectors. The fast growing global aviation industry has committed to reduce carbon emissions. Carbon offsetting is an integral element of the sector's strategy. Already, airlines offer voluntary carbon offsetting to those customers who wish to mitigate the impact of their travel. To ensure carbon offsetting can make a meaningful and credible contribution, this paper first discusses the science behind ‘carbon offsetting’, followed by the associated policy perspective. Then, against the context of different aviation emissions pathways, the paper provides empirical evidence of current airline practices in relation to offsetting mechanisms and communication. Building on these insights, the challenges of reducing<br />aviation emissions and using carbon credits to compensate for ongoing growth are discussed. The paper concludes by proposing five principles of best practice for carbon offsetting that airlines can use as a basis<br />to develop credible emissions strategies, and that could inform the sectoral framework currently being developed by leading aviation organisations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34506591" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="769f55827fe375d7ef4eeec285941b6a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54371303,"asset_id":34506591,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54371303/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODg5OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3399550" href="https://griffith.academia.edu/SusanneBecken">Susanne Becken</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3399550" type="text/json">{"id":3399550,"first_name":"Susanne","last_name":"Becken","domain_name":"griffith","page_name":"SusanneBecken","display_name":"Susanne Becken","profile_url":"https://griffith.academia.edu/SusanneBecken?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3399550/1150134/5148382/s65_susanne.becken.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-34506591">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-34506591"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://griffith.academia.edu/BrendanMackey">Brendan Mackey</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-34506591'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-34506591').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34506591 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34506591"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34506591, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34506591", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34506591 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34506591; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34506591"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34506591 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34506591"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34506591; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34506591]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34506591").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34506591").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34506591"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12100" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aviation">Aviation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12100" type="text/json">{"id":12100,"name":"Aviation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aviation?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14396" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Tourism">Sustainable Tourism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14396" type="text/json">{"id":14396,"name":"Sustainable Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Tourism?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="76613" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Voluntary_Carbon_Offsetting">Voluntary Carbon Offsetting</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="76613" type="text/json">{"id":76613,"name":"Voluntary Carbon Offsetting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Voluntary_Carbon_Offsetting?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34506591]'), work: {"id":34506591,"title":"What role for offsetting aviation greenhouse gas emissions in a deep-cut carbon world?","created_at":"2017-09-07T13:49:37.803-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34506591/What_role_for_offsetting_aviation_greenhouse_gas_emissions_in_a_deep_cut_carbon_world?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_34506591","summary":"The long-term goal of containing average warming below the 2 degrees C limit requires deep cuts in emissions from all sectors. The fast growing global aviation industry has committed to reduce carbon emissions. Carbon offsetting is an integral element of the sector's strategy. Already, airlines offer voluntary carbon offsetting to those customers who wish to mitigate the impact of their travel. To ensure carbon offsetting can make a meaningful and credible contribution, this paper first discusses the science behind ‘carbon offsetting’, followed by the associated policy perspective. Then, against the context of different aviation emissions pathways, the paper provides empirical evidence of current airline practices in relation to offsetting mechanisms and communication. Building on these insights, the challenges of reducing\naviation emissions and using carbon credits to compensate for ongoing growth are discussed. The paper concludes by proposing five principles of best practice for carbon offsetting that airlines can use as a basis\nto develop credible emissions strategies, and that could inform the sectoral framework currently being developed by leading aviation organisations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54371303,"asset_id":34506591,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3399550,"first_name":"Susanne","last_name":"Becken","domain_name":"griffith","page_name":"SusanneBecken","display_name":"Susanne Becken","profile_url":"https://griffith.academia.edu/SusanneBecken?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3399550/1150134/5148382/s65_susanne.becken.jpg"},{"id":33299834,"first_name":"Brendan","last_name":"Mackey","domain_name":"griffith","page_name":"BrendanMackey","display_name":"Brendan Mackey","profile_url":"https://griffith.academia.edu/BrendanMackey?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":12100,"name":"Aviation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aviation?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":14396,"name":"Sustainable Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Tourism?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":76613,"name":"Voluntary Carbon Offsetting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Voluntary_Carbon_Offsetting?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27932874 coauthored" data-work_id="27932874" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27932874/Readily_implementable_techniques_can_cut_annual_CO2_emissions_from_the_production_of_concrete_by_over_20_">Readily implementable techniques can cut annual CO2 emissions from the production of concrete by over 20%</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Due to its prevalence in modern infrastructure, concrete is experiencing the most rapid increase in consumption among globally common structural materials; however, the production of concrete results in approximately 8.6% of all... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27932874" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Due to its prevalence in modern infrastructure, concrete is experiencing the most rapid increase in consumption among globally common structural materials; however, the production of concrete results in approximately 8.6% of all anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Many methods have been developed to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production of concrete. These methods range from the replacement of inefficient manufacturing equipment to alternative binders and the use of breakthrough technologies; nevertheless, many of these methods have barriers to implementation. In this research, we examine the extent to which the increased use of several currently implemented methods can reduce the greenhouse gas emissions in concrete material production without requiring new technologies, changes in production, or novel material use. This research shows that, through increased use of common supplementary cementitious materials, appropriate selection of proportions for cement replacement, and increased concrete design age, 24% of greenhouse gas emissions from global concrete production or 650 million tonnes (Mt) CO2-eq can be eliminated annually.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27932874" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="329cb86612daa88e1547d7969d4c5a7e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48230632,"asset_id":27932874,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48230632/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODg5OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11460294" href="https://ucdavis.academia.edu/SabbieMiller">Sabbie Miller</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11460294" type="text/json">{"id":11460294,"first_name":"Sabbie","last_name":"Miller","domain_name":"ucdavis","page_name":"SabbieMiller","display_name":"Sabbie Miller","profile_url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/SabbieMiller?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11460294/9738792/10852275/s65_sabbie.miller.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-27932874">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-27932874"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/PauloMonteiro1">Paulo Monteiro</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-27932874'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-27932874').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27932874 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27932874"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27932874, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27932874", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27932874 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27932874; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27932874"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); 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however, the production of concrete results in approximately 8.6% of all anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Many methods have been developed to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production of concrete. These methods range from the replacement of inefficient manufacturing equipment to alternative binders and the use of breakthrough technologies; nevertheless, many of these methods have barriers to implementation. In this research, we examine the extent to which the increased use of several currently implemented methods can reduce the greenhouse gas emissions in concrete material production without requiring new technologies, changes in production, or novel material use. This research shows that, through increased use of common supplementary cementitious materials, appropriate selection of proportions for cement replacement, and increased concrete design age, 24% of greenhouse gas emissions from global concrete production or 650 million tonnes (Mt) CO2-eq can be eliminated annually.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48230632,"asset_id":27932874,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11460294,"first_name":"Sabbie","last_name":"Miller","domain_name":"ucdavis","page_name":"SabbieMiller","display_name":"Sabbie Miller","profile_url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/SabbieMiller?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11460294/9738792/10852275/s65_sabbie.miller.jpg"},{"id":4485190,"first_name":"Paulo","last_name":"Monteiro","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PauloMonteiro1","display_name":"Paulo Monteiro","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PauloMonteiro1?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":1583,"name":"Industrial Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Ecology?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":3804,"name":"Concrete","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Concrete?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6346827" data-work_id="6346827" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6346827/Comparative_Assessment_of_Hydrogen_Production_Methods_from_Renewable_and_Non_renewable_Sources">Comparative Assessment of Hydrogen Production Methods from Renewable and Non-renewable Sources</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Exergy Efficiency a b s t r a c t</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6346827" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d3ac134d82a54dda78527e37c16e7d89" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38658449,"asset_id":6346827,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38658449/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODg5OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3558853" href="https://utwente.academia.edu/CananAcar">Canan Acar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3558853" type="text/json">{"id":3558853,"first_name":"Canan","last_name":"Acar","domain_name":"utwente","page_name":"CananAcar","display_name":"Canan Acar","profile_url":"https://utwente.academia.edu/CananAcar?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3558853/1230179/1537215/s65_canan.acar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6346827 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6346827"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6346827, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6346827", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6346827 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6346827; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6346827"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6346827 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6346827"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6346827; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6346827]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6346827").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6346827").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6346827"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3771" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3771" type="text/json">{"id":3771,"name":"Hydrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25122" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_efficiency">Energy efficiency</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25122" type="text/json">{"id":25122,"name":"Energy efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_efficiency?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28197" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GHG_Emissions">GHG Emissions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28197" type="text/json">{"id":28197,"name":"GHG Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GHG_Emissions?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45405" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming">Global Warming</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45405" type="text/json">{"id":45405,"name":"Global Warming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6346827]'), work: {"id":6346827,"title":"Comparative Assessment of Hydrogen Production Methods from Renewable and Non-renewable Sources","created_at":"2014-03-09T10:26:36.051-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6346827/Comparative_Assessment_of_Hydrogen_Production_Methods_from_Renewable_and_Non_renewable_Sources?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_6346827","summary":"Exergy Efficiency a b s t r a c t","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38658449,"asset_id":6346827,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3558853,"first_name":"Canan","last_name":"Acar","domain_name":"utwente","page_name":"CananAcar","display_name":"Canan Acar","profile_url":"https://utwente.academia.edu/CananAcar?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3558853/1230179/1537215/s65_canan.acar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3771,"name":"Hydrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":25122,"name":"Energy efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_efficiency?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":28197,"name":"GHG Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GHG_Emissions?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":45405,"name":"Global Warming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":92412,"name":"Hydrogen Fuel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Fuel?f_ri=184265"},{"id":102903,"name":"Solar hydrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solar_hydrogen?f_ri=184265"},{"id":103356,"name":"Exergy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exergy?f_ri=184265"},{"id":104345,"name":"Hydrogen Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Energy?f_ri=184265"},{"id":110017,"name":"CO2 emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CO2_emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":112557,"name":"Hydrogen production from renewable material","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_production_from_renewable_material?f_ri=184265"},{"id":146245,"name":"Hydrogen Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Production?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":327463,"name":"Alternative Energy, Renewable Energy, Renewable Energy Systems, and Smart Grid, Microgrid, Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Fuel Cell Vehicles, Hydrogen Economy, Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alternative_Energy_Renewable_Energy_Renewable_Energy_Systems_and_Smart_Grid_Microgrid_Plug-In_H?f_ri=184265"},{"id":478244,"name":"Hydrogen Production from water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Production_from_water?f_ri=184265"},{"id":503766,"name":"Hydrogen Technologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Technologies?f_ri=184265"},{"id":564509,"name":"Hydrogen generation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_generation?f_ri=184265"},{"id":939200,"name":"Hydrogen Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Economy?f_ri=184265"},{"id":964914,"name":"Global Warming/environment and Sustainable Livelihood Technologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming_environment_and_Sustainable_Livelihood_Technologies?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22335448 coauthored" data-work_id="22335448" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22335448/To_graze_or_not_to_graze_Four_years_greenhouse_gas_balances_and_vegetation_composition_from_a_drained_and_a_rewetted_organic_soil_under_grassland">To graze or not to graze? Four years greenhouse gas balances and vegetation composition from a drained and a rewetted organic soil under grassland</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A B S T R A C T Nutrient-poor organic soils under maritime grassland are often located in remote wet locations in the landscape. Leaving these soils without drainage maintenance often raise the water table but continuous management... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22335448" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A B S T R A C T Nutrient-poor organic soils under maritime grassland are often located in remote wet locations in the landscape. Leaving these soils without drainage maintenance often raise the water table but continuous management (grazing) means they could remain a source of carbon dioxide (CO 2) while also turning into a small source of methane (CH 4). Due to geographical and socioeconomic reasons, removing these sites from agricultural production may be an option to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To test this hypothesis we measured GHG fluxes over a four year period, at a drained and a rewetted organic soil under grassland, which were both grazed for the first two years and not grazed for the following two years. Statistical response functions estimated for gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (R eco) were used to reconstruct annual CO 2 –C balances using site-specific models driven by soil temperature, solar radiation, soil water table (WT) and leaf area index (LAI). Annually, soil CO 2 emissions were comparable when grazed, although the rewetted site had a lower net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) despite displaying higher CH 4 emissions. Both sites have lower CO 2 emissions than typical drained organic soils due to management practices: extensive grazing, no fertilisation and mean annual water tables above À25 cm. When grazing stopped, GPP and R eco increased dramatically driven by vigorous growth of vegetation at both sites. The shallow drained site remained a source of CO 2 and small source of CH 4 while the rewetted site became either neutral or a small sink of CO 2 with decreased CH 4 emissions compared to the grazing period. Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions were negligible at either site. Removing grazing significantly reduced the NECB at both sites but in terms of global warming potential (GWP), the greatest GHG mitigation was in the rewetted site which exerted a cooling effect in the second year after the management shift.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22335448" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="14349eaae3902adce195b4ae196874dc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42969405,"asset_id":22335448,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42969405/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODg5OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5311766" href="https://uni-giessen.academia.edu/GeraldMoser">Gerald Moser</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5311766" type="text/json">{"id":5311766,"first_name":"Gerald","last_name":"Moser","domain_name":"uni-giessen","page_name":"GeraldMoser","display_name":"Gerald Moser","profile_url":"https://uni-giessen.academia.edu/GeraldMoser?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5311766/2334374/13020040/s65_gerald.moser.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22335448">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22335448"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ucd.academia.edu/FlorenceRenouWilson">Florence Renou-Wilson</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-22335448'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-22335448').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22335448 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22335448"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22335448, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22335448", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22335448 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22335448; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22335448"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22335448 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22335448"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22335448; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22335448]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22335448").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22335448").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22335448"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10225" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture">Agriculture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10225" type="text/json">{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16723" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation_And_Mitigation_Strategies">Climate Change Adaptation And Mitigation Strategies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16723" type="text/json">{"id":16723,"name":"Climate Change Adaptation And Mitigation Strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation_And_Mitigation_Strategies?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17828" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grassland_Ecology">Grassland Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17828" type="text/json">{"id":17828,"name":"Grassland Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grassland_Ecology?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22335448]'), work: {"id":22335448,"title":"To graze or not to graze? Four years greenhouse gas balances and vegetation composition from a drained and a rewetted organic soil under grassland","created_at":"2016-02-23T03:08:25.834-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22335448/To_graze_or_not_to_graze_Four_years_greenhouse_gas_balances_and_vegetation_composition_from_a_drained_and_a_rewetted_organic_soil_under_grassland?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_22335448","summary":"A B S T R A C T Nutrient-poor organic soils under maritime grassland are often located in remote wet locations in the landscape. Leaving these soils without drainage maintenance often raise the water table but continuous management (grazing) means they could remain a source of carbon dioxide (CO 2) while also turning into a small source of methane (CH 4). Due to geographical and socioeconomic reasons, removing these sites from agricultural production may be an option to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To test this hypothesis we measured GHG fluxes over a four year period, at a drained and a rewetted organic soil under grassland, which were both grazed for the first two years and not grazed for the following two years. Statistical response functions estimated for gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (R eco) were used to reconstruct annual CO 2 –C balances using site-specific models driven by soil temperature, solar radiation, soil water table (WT) and leaf area index (LAI). Annually, soil CO 2 emissions were comparable when grazed, although the rewetted site had a lower net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) despite displaying higher CH 4 emissions. Both sites have lower CO 2 emissions than typical drained organic soils due to management practices: extensive grazing, no fertilisation and mean annual water tables above À25 cm. When grazing stopped, GPP and R eco increased dramatically driven by vigorous growth of vegetation at both sites. The shallow drained site remained a source of CO 2 and small source of CH 4 while the rewetted site became either neutral or a small sink of CO 2 with decreased CH 4 emissions compared to the grazing period. Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions were negligible at either site. Removing grazing significantly reduced the NECB at both sites but in terms of global warming potential (GWP), the greatest GHG mitigation was in the rewetted site which exerted a cooling effect in the second year after the management shift.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42969405,"asset_id":22335448,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5311766,"first_name":"Gerald","last_name":"Moser","domain_name":"uni-giessen","page_name":"GeraldMoser","display_name":"Gerald Moser","profile_url":"https://uni-giessen.academia.edu/GeraldMoser?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5311766/2334374/13020040/s65_gerald.moser.png"},{"id":2561455,"first_name":"Florence","last_name":"Renou-Wilson","domain_name":"ucd","page_name":"FlorenceRenouWilson","display_name":"Florence Renou-Wilson","profile_url":"https://ucd.academia.edu/FlorenceRenouWilson?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2561455/800201/34087327/s65_florence.renou-wilson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":16723,"name":"Climate Change Adaptation And Mitigation Strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation_And_Mitigation_Strategies?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":17828,"name":"Grassland Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grassland_Ecology?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":64225,"name":"Greenhouse gas emissions reduction policies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_reduction_policies?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13798627" data-work_id="13798627" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13798627/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_from_European_grasslands_CarboEurope_GHG_Specific_Study_Number_3">Greenhouse gas emissions from European grasslands: CarboEurope GHG - Specific Study Number 3</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13798627" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="727a1b1807676387f719381f997a766c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38130054,"asset_id":13798627,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38130054/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODg5OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32801362" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OlofAndr%C3%A9n">Olof Andrén</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32801362" type="text/json">{"id":32801362,"first_name":"Olof","last_name":"Andrén","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OlofAndrén","display_name":"Olof Andrén","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OlofAndr%C3%A9n?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13798627 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13798627"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13798627, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13798627", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13798627 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13798627; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13798627"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13798627 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13798627"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13798627; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13798627]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13798627").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13798627").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13798627"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184265" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions">Greenhouse Gas Emissions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184265" type="text/json">{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="207091" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Quality">Soil Quality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="207091" type="text/json">{"id":207091,"name":"Soil Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Quality?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13798627]'), work: {"id":13798627,"title":"Greenhouse gas emissions from European grasslands: CarboEurope GHG - Specific Study Number 3","created_at":"2015-07-08T06:49:54.103-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13798627/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_from_European_grasslands_CarboEurope_GHG_Specific_Study_Number_3?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_13798627","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38130054,"asset_id":13798627,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":38130055,"asset_id":13798627,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32801362,"first_name":"Olof","last_name":"Andrén","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OlofAndrén","display_name":"Olof Andrén","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OlofAndr%C3%A9n?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":207091,"name":"Soil Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Quality?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50032873" data-work_id="50032873" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50032873/Tree_based_intercropping_does_not_compromise_canola_Brassica_napus_L_seed_oil_yield_and_reduces_soil_nitrous_oxide_emissions">Tree-based intercropping does not compromise canola (Brassica napus L.) seed oil yield and reduces soil nitrous oxide emissions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recent concerns over rising oil prices and greenhouse gas emissions have sparked an interest for the production of first generation biofuels on marginal agricultural land in Eastern Canada. Field trials were established to compare canola... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50032873" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recent concerns over rising oil prices and greenhouse gas emissions have sparked an interest for the production of first generation biofuels on marginal agricultural land in Eastern Canada. Field trials were established to compare canola seed oil yield and soil nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions in tree-based intercropping (TBI) and conventional monocropping (CM) systems. The 4-5 year-old TBI system comprised alternating rows of hybrid poplar and high-value hardwood species, with 8 m wide alleys. Each cropping system was planted with six canola cultivars, grown at four fertilizer N rates. Seed oil concentrations decreased linearly with fertilizer N, while seed oil yields increased either linearly or following a quadratic trend. An optimal fertilization rate was estimated at 80 kg N ha -1 . Seed oil concentrations were higher in the CM than in the TBI system, but the two systems did not differ significantly in terms of seed oil yield. N 2 O emissions were three times higher in the CM than in the TBI system, probably as a result of higher soil moisture. The cultivar that produced the highest seed oil yield also produced significantly more N 2 O, probably as a result of greater available C in the rhizosphere. Our results may be useful to future life cycle assessments for analyzing the net environmental impacts of producing and distributing fertilizer N to biofuel crops, and the choice of cropping system and canola cultivar that minimize N 2 O emissions. In a first instance, we conclude that our model TBI system did not compromise canola seed oil yields, and substantially reduced soil N 2 O emissions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50032873" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c63307e34f6215c24767df65c3520940" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68167841,"asset_id":50032873,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68167841/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODg5OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6095987" href="https://umanitoba.academia.edu/PeterMcVetty">Peter McVetty</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6095987" type="text/json">{"id":6095987,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"McVetty","domain_name":"umanitoba","page_name":"PeterMcVetty","display_name":"Peter McVetty","profile_url":"https://umanitoba.academia.edu/PeterMcVetty?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50032873 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50032873"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50032873, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50032873", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50032873 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50032873; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50032873"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50032873 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50032873"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50032873; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50032873]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50032873").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50032873").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50032873"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8510" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agroforestry">Agroforestry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8510" type="text/json">{"id":8510,"name":"Agroforestry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agroforestry?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8954" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fertility">Fertility</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8954" type="text/json">{"id":8954,"name":"Fertility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fertility?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10529" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment">Life Cycle Assessment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10529" type="text/json">{"id":10529,"name":"Life Cycle Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50032873]'), work: {"id":50032873,"title":"Tree-based intercropping does not compromise canola (Brassica napus L.) seed oil yield and reduces soil nitrous oxide emissions","created_at":"2021-07-17T17:02:55.017-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50032873/Tree_based_intercropping_does_not_compromise_canola_Brassica_napus_L_seed_oil_yield_and_reduces_soil_nitrous_oxide_emissions?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_50032873","summary":"Recent concerns over rising oil prices and greenhouse gas emissions have sparked an interest for the production of first generation biofuels on marginal agricultural land in Eastern Canada. Field trials were established to compare canola seed oil yield and soil nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions in tree-based intercropping (TBI) and conventional monocropping (CM) systems. The 4-5 year-old TBI system comprised alternating rows of hybrid poplar and high-value hardwood species, with 8 m wide alleys. Each cropping system was planted with six canola cultivars, grown at four fertilizer N rates. Seed oil concentrations decreased linearly with fertilizer N, while seed oil yields increased either linearly or following a quadratic trend. An optimal fertilization rate was estimated at 80 kg N ha -1 . Seed oil concentrations were higher in the CM than in the TBI system, but the two systems did not differ significantly in terms of seed oil yield. N 2 O emissions were three times higher in the CM than in the TBI system, probably as a result of higher soil moisture. The cultivar that produced the highest seed oil yield also produced significantly more N 2 O, probably as a result of greater available C in the rhizosphere. Our results may be useful to future life cycle assessments for analyzing the net environmental impacts of producing and distributing fertilizer N to biofuel crops, and the choice of cropping system and canola cultivar that minimize N 2 O emissions. In a first instance, we conclude that our model TBI system did not compromise canola seed oil yields, and substantially reduced soil N 2 O emissions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68167841,"asset_id":50032873,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6095987,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"McVetty","domain_name":"umanitoba","page_name":"PeterMcVetty","display_name":"Peter McVetty","profile_url":"https://umanitoba.academia.edu/PeterMcVetty?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8510,"name":"Agroforestry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agroforestry?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":8954,"name":"Fertility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fertility?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":10529,"name":"Life Cycle Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=184265"},{"id":83037,"name":"Soil moisture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_moisture?f_ri=184265"},{"id":93647,"name":"Biofuel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofuel?f_ri=184265"},{"id":129121,"name":"Yield","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yield?f_ri=184265"},{"id":156319,"name":"Soils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soils?f_ri=184265"},{"id":169070,"name":"Sol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sol?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":251651,"name":"Environmental Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact?f_ri=184265"},{"id":289550,"name":"Oil Price","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_Price?f_ri=184265"},{"id":320165,"name":"Field Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Field_Trial?f_ri=184265"},{"id":342920,"name":"Fertility Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fertility_Rate?f_ri=184265"},{"id":376280,"name":"Brassica Napus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brassica_Napus?f_ri=184265"},{"id":387920,"name":"Nitrous Oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrous_Oxide?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1243706,"name":"Cropping System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cropping_System?f_ri=184265"},{"id":2827003,"name":"agricultural land","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/agricultural_land?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3783175" data-work_id="3783175" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3783175/Sources_and_emission_of_greenhouse_gases_in_Danube_Delta_lakes">Sources and emission of greenhouse gases in Danube Delta lakes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Production of methane and carbon dioxide as well as methane concentrations in surface waters and emissions to the atmosphere were investigated in two flow-through lake complexes (Uzlina–Isac and Puiu–Rosu–Rosulet) in the Danube Delta... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3783175" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Production of methane and carbon dioxide as well as methane concentrations in surface waters and emissions to the atmosphere were investigated in two flow-through lake complexes (Uzlina–Isac and Puiu–Rosu–Rosulet) in the Danube Delta during post-flood conditions in May and low water level in September 2006. Retained nutrients fuelled primary production and remineralisation of bioavailable organic matter. This led to an observable net release of methane, particularly in the lakes Uzlina, Puiu and Rosu in May. Input from the Danube River, from redbuds and benthic release contributed to CH4 concentrations in surface waters. In addition to significant river input of CO2, this trace gas was released via aerobic remineralisation within the water column and in top sediments. Emission patterns of CO2 widely overlapped with those of CH4. Generally, greenhouse gas emissions peaked in the lake complex adjacent to the Danube River in May due to strong winds and decreased with increasing hydrological distance from the Danube River. Intense remineralisation of organic matter in the Danube Delta lakes results in a net source of atmospheric greenhouse gases.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3783175" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d14c0763896350f89b902226be8a63f3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50135969,"asset_id":3783175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50135969/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODg5OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4649926" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SorinBalan">Sorin Balan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4649926" type="text/json">{"id":4649926,"first_name":"Sorin","last_name":"Balan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SorinBalan","display_name":"Sorin Balan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SorinBalan?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4649926/1950325/2306399/s65_sorin.balan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3783175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3783175"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3783175, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3783175", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3783175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3783175; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3783175"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3783175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3783175"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3783175; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3783175]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3783175").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3783175").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3783175"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4594" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide">Carbon Dioxide</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4594" type="text/json">{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12653" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rivers">Rivers</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12653" type="text/json">{"id":12653,"name":"Rivers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rivers?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3783175]'), work: {"id":3783175,"title":"Sources and emission of greenhouse gases in Danube Delta lakes","created_at":"2013-06-24T22:37:31.861-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3783175/Sources_and_emission_of_greenhouse_gases_in_Danube_Delta_lakes?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_3783175","summary":"Production of methane and carbon dioxide as well as methane concentrations in surface waters and emissions to the atmosphere were investigated in two flow-through lake complexes (Uzlina–Isac and Puiu–Rosu–Rosulet) in the Danube Delta during post-flood conditions in May and low water level in September 2006. Retained nutrients fuelled primary production and remineralisation of bioavailable organic matter. This led to an observable net release of methane, particularly in the lakes Uzlina, Puiu and Rosu in May. Input from the Danube River, from redbuds and benthic release contributed to CH4 concentrations in surface waters. In addition to significant river input of CO2, this trace gas was released via aerobic remineralisation within the water column and in top sediments. Emission patterns of CO2 widely overlapped with those of CH4. Generally, greenhouse gas emissions peaked in the lake complex adjacent to the Danube River in May due to strong winds and decreased with increasing hydrological distance from the Danube River. Intense remineralisation of organic matter in the Danube Delta lakes results in a net source of atmospheric greenhouse gases.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50135969,"asset_id":3783175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4649926,"first_name":"Sorin","last_name":"Balan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SorinBalan","display_name":"Sorin Balan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SorinBalan?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4649926/1950325/2306399/s65_sorin.balan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":12653,"name":"Rivers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rivers?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":142810,"name":"Surface Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Water?f_ri=184265"},{"id":156347,"name":"Methane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methane?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=184265"},{"id":289852,"name":"Primary Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Production?f_ri=184265"},{"id":354794,"name":"Greenhouse gases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_gases?f_ri=184265"},{"id":877207,"name":"Water Level","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Level?f_ri=184265"},{"id":970387,"name":"Organic Matter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Matter?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1256666,"name":"Geologic Sediments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geologic_Sediments?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1301014,"name":"Pollution Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pollution_Science?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19456888" data-work_id="19456888" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19456888/Current_and_future_CO2_emissions_from_drained_peatlands_in_Southeast_Asia">Current and future CO2 emissions from drained peatlands in Southeast Asia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Forested tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia store at least 42 000 Million metric tonnes (Mt) of soil carbon. Human activity and climate change threatens the stability of this large pool, which has been decreasing rapidly over the last... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19456888" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Forested tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia store at least 42 000 Million metric tonnes (Mt) of soil carbon. Human activity and climate change threatens the stability of this large pool, which has been decreasing rapidly over the last few decades owing to deforestation, drainage and fire. In this paper we estimate the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions resulting from drainage of lowland tropical peatland for agricultural and forestry development which dominates the perturbation of the carbon balance in the region. Present and future emissions from drained peatlands are quantified using data on peatland extent and peat thickness, present and projected land use, water management practices and decomposition rates. Of the 27.1 Million hectares (Mha) of peatland in Southeast Asia, 12.9 Mha had been deforested and mostly drained by 2006. This latter area is increasing rapidly because of increasing land development pressures. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission caused by decomposition of drained peatlands was between 355 Mt y −1 and 855 Mt y −1 in 2006 of which 82% came from Indonesia, largely Sumatra and Kalimantan. At a global scale, CO 2 emission from peatland drainage in Southeast Asia is contributing the equivalent of 1.3% to 3.1% of current global CO 2 emissions from the combustion of fossil fuel. If current peatland development and management practices continue, these emissions are predicted to continue for decades. This warrants inclusion of Correspondence to: A. Hooijer (<a href="mailto:aljosja.hooijer@deltares.nl" rel="nofollow">aljosja.hooijer@deltares.nl</a>) tropical peatland CO 2 emissions in global greenhouse gas emission calculations and climate mitigation policies. Uncertainties in emission calculations are discussed and research needs for improved estimates are identified.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19456888" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1aee9ab6a8fea1dc9836751070ea59b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40631036,"asset_id":19456888,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40631036/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODg5OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16047079" href="https://wetlands.academia.edu/MarcelSilvius">Marcel Silvius</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16047079" type="text/json">{"id":16047079,"first_name":"Marcel","last_name":"Silvius","domain_name":"wetlands","page_name":"MarcelSilvius","display_name":"Marcel Silvius","profile_url":"https://wetlands.academia.edu/MarcelSilvius?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16047079/4353256/5055001/s65_marcel.silvius.jpg_oh_cd75c4097a26f8c09d523ee0ca3f50ad_oe_546b59d5___gda___1417608390_2a532e78f023c3463bba8cf3a345cb94"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19456888 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19456888"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19456888, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19456888", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19456888]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19456888").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19456888").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19456888"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="400" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="400" type="text/json">{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4594" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide">Carbon Dioxide</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4594" type="text/json">{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6746" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia">Southeast Asia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6746" type="text/json">{"id":6746,"name":"Southeast Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19456888]'), work: {"id":19456888,"title":"Current and future CO2 emissions from drained peatlands in Southeast Asia","created_at":"2015-12-04T04:21:43.491-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19456888/Current_and_future_CO2_emissions_from_drained_peatlands_in_Southeast_Asia?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_19456888","summary":"Forested tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia store at least 42 000 Million metric tonnes (Mt) of soil carbon. Human activity and climate change threatens the stability of this large pool, which has been decreasing rapidly over the last few decades owing to deforestation, drainage and fire. In this paper we estimate the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions resulting from drainage of lowland tropical peatland for agricultural and forestry development which dominates the perturbation of the carbon balance in the region. Present and future emissions from drained peatlands are quantified using data on peatland extent and peat thickness, present and projected land use, water management practices and decomposition rates. Of the 27.1 Million hectares (Mha) of peatland in Southeast Asia, 12.9 Mha had been deforested and mostly drained by 2006. This latter area is increasing rapidly because of increasing land development pressures. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission caused by decomposition of drained peatlands was between 355 Mt y −1 and 855 Mt y −1 in 2006 of which 82% came from Indonesia, largely Sumatra and Kalimantan. At a global scale, CO 2 emission from peatland drainage in Southeast Asia is contributing the equivalent of 1.3% to 3.1% of current global CO 2 emissions from the combustion of fossil fuel. If current peatland development and management practices continue, these emissions are predicted to continue for decades. This warrants inclusion of Correspondence to: A. Hooijer (aljosja.hooijer@deltares.nl) tropical peatland CO 2 emissions in global greenhouse gas emission calculations and climate mitigation policies. Uncertainties in emission calculations are discussed and research needs for improved estimates are identified.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40631036,"asset_id":19456888,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16047079,"first_name":"Marcel","last_name":"Silvius","domain_name":"wetlands","page_name":"MarcelSilvius","display_name":"Marcel Silvius","profile_url":"https://wetlands.academia.edu/MarcelSilvius?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16047079/4353256/5055001/s65_marcel.silvius.jpg_oh_cd75c4097a26f8c09d523ee0ca3f50ad_oe_546b59d5___gda___1417608390_2a532e78f023c3463bba8cf3a345cb94"}],"research_interests":[{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":6746,"name":"Southeast Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":45401,"name":"Water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Management?f_ri=184265"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=184265"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=184265"},{"id":66409,"name":"Land Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Development?f_ri=184265"},{"id":93298,"name":"Fossil Fuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_Fuels?f_ri=184265"},{"id":109291,"name":"Land Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Use?f_ri=184265"},{"id":151321,"name":"Biogeosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogeosciences?f_ri=184265"},{"id":179378,"name":"Carbon balance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_balance?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":194454,"name":"Soil Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Carbon?f_ri=184265"},{"id":335814,"name":"Research Needs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Needs?f_ri=184265"},{"id":422088,"name":"Management Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management_Practice?f_ri=184265"},{"id":509556,"name":"Human Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Activity?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1359503,"name":"CO 2 Emission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CO_2_Emission?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27825863 coauthored" data-work_id="27825863" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27825863/Using_GIS_tools_to_estimate_CO2_emissions_related_to_the_accessibility_of_large_retail_stores_in_the_Oulu_region_Finland">Using GIS tools to estimate CO2 emissions related to the accessibility of large retail stores in the Oulu region, Finland</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Everyday traffic accounts for a significant share of overall greenhouse gas emissions, in particular carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). While several solutions have been proposed for decreasing the emissions, a new kind of land use planning is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27825863" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Everyday traffic accounts for a significant share of overall greenhouse gas emissions, in particular carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). While several solutions have been proposed for decreasing the emissions, a new kind of land use planning is required in order to achieve long-term effects. This study focuses on the effect of large retail store locations in the urban structure on overall CO 2 emissions, by using the Oulu region, Finland, as a case study. The aim was to utilize GIS tools to assess store locations in terms of CO 2 emissions from private cars used for consumer traffic. In this case, not only are the locations of the existing and planned retail units investigated with respect to population distribution and car ownership, but the analysis is also carried out by regarding any location within the study area as a hypothetical site for a large retail unit. According to the applied method, CO 2 values are lowest near the centre of the studied region, the region with the highest population density, although the city centre itself did not turn out to be the most optimal location for a retail store in terms of CO 2 emissions. Nevertheless, by generally reducing trip length, a compact urban structure is an important way of achieving long-term cuts in CO 2 emissions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27825863" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d92c4edc3f7aac74226f1eef9c4f28c6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48109145,"asset_id":27825863,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48109145/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODg5OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52152260" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HarriAntikainen">Harri Antikainen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52152260" type="text/json">{"id":52152260,"first_name":"Harri","last_name":"Antikainen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HarriAntikainen","display_name":"Harri Antikainen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HarriAntikainen?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-27825863">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-27825863"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://oulu.academia.edu/OssiKotavaara">Ossi Kotavaara</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-27825863'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-27825863').html(); 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While several solutions have been proposed for decreasing the emissions, a new kind of land use planning is required in order to achieve long-term effects. This study focuses on the effect of large retail store locations in the urban structure on overall CO 2 emissions, by using the Oulu region, Finland, as a case study. The aim was to utilize GIS tools to assess store locations in terms of CO 2 emissions from private cars used for consumer traffic. In this case, not only are the locations of the existing and planned retail units investigated with respect to population distribution and car ownership, but the analysis is also carried out by regarding any location within the study area as a hypothetical site for a large retail unit. According to the applied method, CO 2 values are lowest near the centre of the studied region, the region with the highest population density, although the city centre itself did not turn out to be the most optimal location for a retail store in terms of CO 2 emissions. Nevertheless, by generally reducing trip length, a compact urban structure is an important way of achieving long-term cuts in CO 2 emissions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48109145,"asset_id":27825863,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52152260,"first_name":"Harri","last_name":"Antikainen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HarriAntikainen","display_name":"Harri Antikainen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HarriAntikainen?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":52161787,"first_name":"Ossi","last_name":"Kotavaara","domain_name":"oulu","page_name":"OssiKotavaara","display_name":"Ossi Kotavaara","profile_url":"https://oulu.academia.edu/OssiKotavaara?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52161787/17186194/17325774/s65_ossi.kotavaara.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":5365,"name":"Transport Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transport_Geography?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":20436,"name":"Urban And Regional Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_And_Regional_Planning?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":70030,"name":"Land Use Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Use_Planning?f_ri=184265"},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=184265"},{"id":162645,"name":"Population Density","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Density?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":430329,"name":"Urban Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Structure?f_ri=184265"},{"id":800515,"name":"Long Term Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term_Effect?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1208617,"name":"Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainability?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1211138,"name":"Geographic Information System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Information_System?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1359503,"name":"CO 2 Emission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CO_2_Emission?f_ri=184265"},{"id":2124420,"name":"Optimal location","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimal_location?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72415777" data-work_id="72415777" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72415777/Impact_of_energy_efficiency_measures_on_the_CO2_emissions_in_the_residential_sector_a_large_scale_analysis">Impact of energy efficiency measures on the CO2 emissions in the residential sector, a large scale analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Like all industrialised countries, Belgium accepted to diminish its greenhouse gas emissions in the frame of the Kyoto agreement. On top of the list ®gures CO 2. A major emission source for CO 2 is burning fossil fuels. As the residential... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72415777" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Like all industrialised countries, Belgium accepted to diminish its greenhouse gas emissions in the frame of the Kyoto agreement. On top of the list ®gures CO 2. A major emission source for CO 2 is burning fossil fuels. As the residential sector accounts for 28% of the country's annual energy consumption and as this consumption mainly concerns fossil fuels, it has an equally important share in the CO 2 release. Hence, at ®rst sight, the best policy for a decrease is by improving the energy ef®ciency. The question to be solved, however, is which improvement could generate the reduction needed? This study discusses a methodology and comments simulations that help in answering that question. The results are not as simple as one should like. The housing stock in fact acts as a conservatory system. For the case being, the impact of energy ef®cient new construction on the CO 2 release remains quite marginal if the period considered does not extend beyond a decade. The effect becomes signi®cant only over a longer period, on condition that more stringent energy ef®ciency measures are combined with a shift from new construction to retro®t and reconstruction. Also a diminishing increase in the number of households may help in reducing energy consumption and CO 2 release.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72415777" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cc12d5a4256e7837cdab49f10a775e38" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81349554,"asset_id":72415777,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81349554/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODg5OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37323670" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HensH">H. Hens</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37323670" type="text/json">{"id":37323670,"first_name":"H.","last_name":"Hens","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HensH","display_name":"H. Hens","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HensH?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72415777 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72415777"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72415777, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72415777", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72415777 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72415777; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72415777"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72415777 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72415777"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72415777; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72415777]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72415777").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72415777").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72415777"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11397" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Consumption">Energy Consumption</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11397" type="text/json">{"id":11397,"name":"Energy Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Consumption?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34230" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Efficiency_in_Buildings">Energy Efficiency in Buildings</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34230" type="text/json">{"id":34230,"name":"Energy Efficiency in Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Efficiency_in_Buildings?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72415777]'), work: {"id":72415777,"title":"Impact of energy efficiency measures on the CO2 emissions in the residential sector, a large scale analysis","created_at":"2022-02-24T07:22:42.925-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72415777/Impact_of_energy_efficiency_measures_on_the_CO2_emissions_in_the_residential_sector_a_large_scale_analysis?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_72415777","summary":"Like all industrialised countries, Belgium accepted to diminish its greenhouse gas emissions in the frame of the Kyoto agreement. On top of the list ®gures CO 2. A major emission source for CO 2 is burning fossil fuels. As the residential sector accounts for 28% of the country's annual energy consumption and as this consumption mainly concerns fossil fuels, it has an equally important share in the CO 2 release. Hence, at ®rst sight, the best policy for a decrease is by improving the energy ef®ciency. The question to be solved, however, is which improvement could generate the reduction needed? This study discusses a methodology and comments simulations that help in answering that question. The results are not as simple as one should like. The housing stock in fact acts as a conservatory system. For the case being, the impact of energy ef®cient new construction on the CO 2 release remains quite marginal if the period considered does not extend beyond a decade. The effect becomes signi®cant only over a longer period, on condition that more stringent energy ef®ciency measures are combined with a shift from new construction to retro®t and reconstruction. Also a diminishing increase in the number of households may help in reducing energy consumption and CO 2 release.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81349554,"asset_id":72415777,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37323670,"first_name":"H.","last_name":"Hens","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HensH","display_name":"H. Hens","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HensH?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":11397,"name":"Energy Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Consumption?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":34230,"name":"Energy Efficiency in Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Efficiency_in_Buildings?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":93298,"name":"Fossil Fuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_Fuels?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":459384,"name":"Energy efficient","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_efficient?f_ri=184265"},{"id":758278,"name":"Large Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_Scale?f_ri=184265"},{"id":3101694,"name":"CO Emission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CO_Emission?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66815406" data-work_id="66815406" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66815406/Japan_s_energy_security_predicament_post_Fukushima">Japan’s energy security predicament post-Fukushima</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">If energy security is defined as the availability of energy at all times in various forms, in sufficient quantities and at affordable prices, without unacceptable or irreversible impact on the economy and the environment, Japan is facing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66815406" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">If energy security is defined as the availability of energy at all times in various forms, in sufficient quantities and at affordable prices, without unacceptable or irreversible impact on the economy and the environment, Japan is facing an energy security predicament. For a country that was already uneasy about energy security, the March 11, 2011 earthquake and tsunami, which caused a nuclear catastrophe in TEPCO&#x27;s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, turned this unease into outright anxiety. With the temporary and/or permanent ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66815406" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c7c21ed4e6a03f0421372bbd2e372b33" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77863105,"asset_id":66815406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77863105/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODg5OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="53989750" href="https://independent.academia.edu/alamin220">al amin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="53989750" type="text/json">{"id":53989750,"first_name":"al","last_name":"amin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"alamin220","display_name":"al amin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/alamin220?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66815406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66815406"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66815406, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66815406", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66815406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66815406; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66815406"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66815406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66815406"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66815406; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66815406]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66815406").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66815406").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66815406"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5609" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy">Energy Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5609" type="text/json">{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8540" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Security">Energy Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8540" type="text/json">{"id":8540,"name":"Energy Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Security?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17158" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japan">Japan</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17158" type="text/json">{"id":17158,"name":"Japan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japan?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66815406]'), work: {"id":66815406,"title":"Japan’s energy security predicament post-Fukushima","created_at":"2022-01-01T13:53:00.607-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66815406/Japan_s_energy_security_predicament_post_Fukushima?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_66815406","summary":"If energy security is defined as the availability of energy at all times in various forms, in sufficient quantities and at affordable prices, without unacceptable or irreversible impact on the economy and the environment, Japan is facing an energy security predicament. For a country that was already uneasy about energy security, the March 11, 2011 earthquake and tsunami, which caused a nuclear catastrophe in TEPCO\u0026#x27;s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, turned this unease into outright anxiety. With the temporary and/or permanent ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77863105,"asset_id":66815406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":53989750,"first_name":"al","last_name":"amin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"alamin220","display_name":"al amin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/alamin220?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":8540,"name":"Energy Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Security?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":17158,"name":"Japan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japan?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=184265"},{"id":69825,"name":"Negative Affect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negative_Affect?f_ri=184265"},{"id":93298,"name":"Fossil Fuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_Fuels?f_ri=184265"},{"id":148732,"name":"Fukushima nuclear disaster","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fukushima_nuclear_disaster?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26720147" data-work_id="26720147" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26720147/Radiative_Forcing_Due_to_Anthropogenic_Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_from_Finland_Methods_for_Estimating_Forcing_of_a_Country_or_an_Activity">Radiative Forcing Due to Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Finland: Methods for Estimating Forcing of a Country or an Activity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The objective of this study was to assess the radiative forcing due to Finnish anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in three scenarios. All the Kyoto Protocol gases, i.e., CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, and fluorinated gases, were included. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26720147" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The objective of this study was to assess the radiative forcing due to Finnish anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in three scenarios. All the Kyoto Protocol gases, i.e., CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, and fluorinated gases, were included. The calculations showed that forcing due to Finnish emissions will increase in the case of all gases except methane by the year 2100. In 1990, radiative forcing due to Finland's emission history of all Kyoto Protocol gases was 3.2 mW/m 2 , of which 71% was due to carbon dioxide, 17% to methane, and the rest to nitrous oxide. In 1990 the share of fluorinated gases</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26720147" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9537fa8acd1b4775025fafaacd240456" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47000916,"asset_id":26720147,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47000916/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODg5OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50714463" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IlkkaSavolainen">Ilkka Savolainen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50714463" type="text/json">{"id":50714463,"first_name":"Ilkka","last_name":"Savolainen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IlkkaSavolainen","display_name":"Ilkka Savolainen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IlkkaSavolainen?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26720147 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26720147"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26720147, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26720147", }); 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All the Kyoto Protocol gases, i.e., CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, and fluorinated gases, were included. The calculations showed that forcing due to Finnish emissions will increase in the case of all gases except methane by the year 2100. In 1990, radiative forcing due to Finland's emission history of all Kyoto Protocol gases was 3.2 mW/m 2 , of which 71% was due to carbon dioxide, 17% to methane, and the rest to nitrous oxide. In 1990 the share of fluorinated gases","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47000916,"asset_id":26720147,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50714463,"first_name":"Ilkka","last_name":"Savolainen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IlkkaSavolainen","display_name":"Ilkka Savolainen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IlkkaSavolainen?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":7609,"name":"Environmental Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":46676,"name":"Finland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finland?f_ri=184265"},{"id":85280,"name":"Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industry?f_ri=184265"},{"id":156347,"name":"Methane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methane?f_ri=184265"},{"id":160905,"name":"Kyoto Protocol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kyoto_Protocol?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":343667,"name":"Theoretical Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Models?f_ri=184265"},{"id":369458,"name":"Greenhouse Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Effect?f_ri=184265"},{"id":387920,"name":"Nitrous Oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrous_Oxide?f_ri=184265"},{"id":955957,"name":"Radiative Forcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiative_Forcing?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1373186,"name":"Fluorine Compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorine_Compounds?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18110956" data-work_id="18110956" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18110956/Reducing_Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_for_Climate_Stabilization_Framing_Regional_Options">Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Climate Stabilization: Framing Regional Options</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has stated that stabilizing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations will require reduction of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by as much as 80% by 2050. Subnational efforts to cut... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18110956" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has stated that stabilizing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations will require reduction of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by as much as 80% by 2050. Subnational efforts to cut emissions will inform policy development nationally and globally. We projected GHG mitigation strategies for Minnesota, which has adopted a strategic goal of 80% emissions reduction by 2050. A portfolio of conservation strategies, including electricity conservation, increased vehicle fleet fuel efficiency, and reduced vehicle miles traveled, is likely the most cost-effective option for Minnesota and could reduce emissions by 18% below 2005 levels. An 80% GHG reduction would require complete decarbonization of the electricity and transportation sectors, combined with carbon capture and sequestration at power plants, or deep cuts in other relatively more intransigent GHGemitting sectors. In order to achieve ambitious GHG reduction goals, policymakers should promote aggressive conservation efforts, which would probably have negative net costs, while phasing in alternative fuels to replace coal and motor gasoline over the long-term.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18110956" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="31af22158b14aec30d9943ec60d58714" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39880989,"asset_id":18110956,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39880989/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODg5OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24818001" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeterReich">Peter Reich</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24818001" type="text/json">{"id":24818001,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Reich","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterReich","display_name":"Peter Reich","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterReich?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18110956 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18110956"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18110956, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18110956", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18110956]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18110956").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18110956").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18110956"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">30</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2707" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_policy">Environmental policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2707" type="text/json">{"id":2707,"name":"Environmental policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_policy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7451" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Policy">Information Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7451" type="text/json">{"id":7451,"name":"Information Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Policy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10225" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture">Agriculture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10225" type="text/json">{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18110956]'), work: {"id":18110956,"title":"Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Climate Stabilization: Framing Regional Options","created_at":"2015-11-10T14:10:09.791-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18110956/Reducing_Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_for_Climate_Stabilization_Framing_Regional_Options?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_18110956","summary":"The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has stated that stabilizing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations will require reduction of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by as much as 80% by 2050. Subnational efforts to cut emissions will inform policy development nationally and globally. We projected GHG mitigation strategies for Minnesota, which has adopted a strategic goal of 80% emissions reduction by 2050. A portfolio of conservation strategies, including electricity conservation, increased vehicle fleet fuel efficiency, and reduced vehicle miles traveled, is likely the most cost-effective option for Minnesota and could reduce emissions by 18% below 2005 levels. An 80% GHG reduction would require complete decarbonization of the electricity and transportation sectors, combined with carbon capture and sequestration at power plants, or deep cuts in other relatively more intransigent GHGemitting sectors. In order to achieve ambitious GHG reduction goals, policymakers should promote aggressive conservation efforts, which would probably have negative net costs, while phasing in alternative fuels to replace coal and motor gasoline over the long-term.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39880989,"asset_id":18110956,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24818001,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Reich","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterReich","display_name":"Peter Reich","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterReich?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":2707,"name":"Environmental policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_policy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":7451,"name":"Information 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Resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_of_Natural_Resources?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1892772,"name":"Conservation strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_strategies?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42375581" data-work_id="42375581" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42375581/AN%C3%81LISE_DO_USO_DE_BIOG%C3%81S_ORIUNDO_DE_RES%C3%8DDUOS_ALIMENTARES_E_SUAS_EMISS%C3%95ES_EM_UM_GRUPO_MOTOR_GERADOR_Disserta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Mestrado_em_Tecnologia_da_Energia_P%C3%93S_GRADUA%C3%87%C3%83O_EM_TECNOLOGIA_DA_ENERGIA">ANÁLISE DO USO DE BIOGÁS ORIUNDO DE RESÍDUOS ALIMENTARES E SUAS EMISSÕES EM UM GRUPO MOTOR GERADOR Dissertação de Mestrado em Tecnologia da Energia PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM TECNOLOGIA DA ENERGIA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As diversas atividades antropogênicas vêm modificando as condições de equilíbrio do planeta. O uso de combustíveis não-renováveis no transporte, energia, entre outros, vêm intensificando a emissão de gases na atmosfera e contribuindo para... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42375581" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As diversas atividades antropogênicas vêm modificando as condições de equilíbrio do planeta. O uso de combustíveis não-renováveis no transporte, energia, entre outros, vêm intensificando a emissão de gases na atmosfera e contribuindo para as mudanças climáticas. Estre trabalho quantificou as emissões de gases oriundos de um grupo motor gerador cujo combustível é um gás proveniente da fermentação anaeróbica de resíduos orgânicos úmidos, o Biogás</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42375581" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5dfa9a9960ebe67ba9afbcef5acc7ea0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62536032,"asset_id":42375581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62536032/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODg5OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20411123" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AvelinoMelo">Avelino Melo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20411123" type="text/json">{"id":20411123,"first_name":"Avelino","last_name":"Melo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AvelinoMelo","display_name":"Avelino Melo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AvelinoMelo?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20411123/8334001/9320389/s65_avelino.melo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42375581 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42375581"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42375581, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42375581", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42375581]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42375581").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42375581").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42375581"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="95709" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energ%C3%ADas_Renovables">Energías Renovables</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="95709" type="text/json">{"id":95709,"name":"Energías Renovables","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energ%C3%ADas_Renovables?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184265" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions">Greenhouse Gas Emissions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184265" type="text/json">{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="554156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogas_Plants">Biogas Plants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="554156" type="text/json">{"id":554156,"name":"Biogas Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogas_Plants?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1019498" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogass_Production">Biogass Production</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1019498" type="text/json">{"id":1019498,"name":"Biogass Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogass_Production?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42375581]'), work: {"id":42375581,"title":"ANÁLISE DO USO DE BIOGÁS ORIUNDO DE RESÍDUOS ALIMENTARES E SUAS EMISSÕES EM UM GRUPO MOTOR GERADOR Dissertação de Mestrado em Tecnologia da Energia PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM TECNOLOGIA DA ENERGIA","created_at":"2020-03-29T07:16:39.670-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42375581/AN%C3%81LISE_DO_USO_DE_BIOG%C3%81S_ORIUNDO_DE_RES%C3%8DDUOS_ALIMENTARES_E_SUAS_EMISS%C3%95ES_EM_UM_GRUPO_MOTOR_GERADOR_Disserta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Mestrado_em_Tecnologia_da_Energia_P%C3%93S_GRADUA%C3%87%C3%83O_EM_TECNOLOGIA_DA_ENERGIA?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_42375581","summary":"As diversas atividades antropogênicas vêm modificando as condições de equilíbrio do planeta. O uso de combustíveis não-renováveis no transporte, energia, entre outros, vêm intensificando a emissão de gases na atmosfera e contribuindo para as mudanças climáticas. Estre trabalho quantificou as emissões de gases oriundos de um grupo motor gerador cujo combustível é um gás proveniente da fermentação anaeróbica de resíduos orgânicos úmidos, o Biogás","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62536032,"asset_id":42375581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20411123,"first_name":"Avelino","last_name":"Melo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AvelinoMelo","display_name":"Avelino Melo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AvelinoMelo?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20411123/8334001/9320389/s65_avelino.melo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":95709,"name":"Energías Renovables","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energ%C3%ADas_Renovables?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":554156,"name":"Biogas Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogas_Plants?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":1019498,"name":"Biogass Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogass_Production?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48087803" data-work_id="48087803" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48087803/Global_warming_mitigation_potential_of_biogas_plants_in_India">Global warming mitigation potential of biogas plants in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Biogas technology, besides supplying energy and manure, provides an excellent opportunity for mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and reducing global warming through substituting firewood for cooking, kerosene for lighting and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48087803" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Biogas technology, besides supplying energy and manure, provides an excellent opportunity for mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and reducing global warming through substituting firewood for cooking, kerosene for lighting and cooking and chemical fertilizers. A study was undertaken to calculate (1) global warming mitigation potential (GMP) and thereby earning carbon credit of a family size biogas plant in India, (2) GMP of the existing and target biogas plants in the country and (3) atmospheric pollution reduction by a family size biogas plant. The GMP of a family size biogas plant was 9.7 t CO 2 equiv. year −1 and with the current price of US $10 t −1 CO 2 equiv., carbon credit of US</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48087803" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ea815f9da33cf66737ab46ca32dec370" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66881802,"asset_id":48087803,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66881802/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODg5OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="151643382" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArtiBhatia4">Arti Bhatia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="151643382" type="text/json">{"id":151643382,"first_name":"Arti","last_name":"Bhatia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ArtiBhatia4","display_name":"Arti Bhatia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArtiBhatia4?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48087803 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48087803"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48087803, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48087803", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48087803]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48087803").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48087803").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48087803"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5303" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon">Carbon</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5303" type="text/json">{"id":5303,"name":"Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11976" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_pollution">Air pollution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11976" type="text/json">{"id":11976,"name":"Air pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_pollution?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48087803]'), work: {"id":48087803,"title":"Global warming mitigation potential of biogas plants in India","created_at":"2021-05-04T00:44:33.061-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48087803/Global_warming_mitigation_potential_of_biogas_plants_in_India?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_48087803","summary":"Biogas technology, besides supplying energy and manure, provides an excellent opportunity for mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and reducing global warming through substituting firewood for cooking, kerosene for lighting and cooking and chemical fertilizers. A study was undertaken to calculate (1) global warming mitigation potential (GMP) and thereby earning carbon credit of a family size biogas plant in India, (2) GMP of the existing and target biogas plants in the country and (3) atmospheric pollution reduction by a family size biogas plant. The GMP of a family size biogas plant was 9.7 t CO 2 equiv. year −1 and with the current price of US $10 t −1 CO 2 equiv., carbon credit of US","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66881802,"asset_id":48087803,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":151643382,"first_name":"Arti","last_name":"Bhatia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ArtiBhatia4","display_name":"Arti Bhatia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArtiBhatia4?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":5303,"name":"Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":11976,"name":"Air pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_pollution?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=184265"},{"id":45405,"name":"Global Warming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming?f_ri=184265"},{"id":75942,"name":"Atmosphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmosphere?f_ri=184265"},{"id":76611,"name":"Clean Development Mechanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clean_Development_Mechanism?f_ri=184265"},{"id":121035,"name":"Profitability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Profitability?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":199195,"name":"Power Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Plants?f_ri=184265"},{"id":216113,"name":"Atmospheric pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_pollution?f_ri=184265"},{"id":251654,"name":"Greenhouse Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas?f_ri=184265"},{"id":369458,"name":"Greenhouse Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Effect?f_ri=184265"},{"id":372058,"name":"Carbon credit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_credit?f_ri=184265"},{"id":466867,"name":"Manure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manure?f_ri=184265"},{"id":877967,"name":"Environmental Pollution Assessment and Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution_Assessment_and_Monitoring?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1115286,"name":"Family Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Size?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1534685,"name":"Volatile organic compound","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volatile_organic_compound?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1656539,"name":"Air Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_Pollutants?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22565789" data-work_id="22565789" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22565789/Reducing_life_cycle_greenhouse_gas_emissions_of_corn_ethanol_by_integrating_biomass_to_produce_heat_and_power_at_ethanol_plants">Reducing life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of corn ethanol by integrating biomass to produce heat and power at ethanol plants</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Combined heat and power Corn ethanol Corn stover Greenhouse gas emissions Life cycle assessment Zea mays a b s t r a c t A life-cycle assessment (LCA) of corn ethanol was conducted to determine the reduction in the life-cycle greenhouse... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22565789" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Combined heat and power Corn ethanol Corn stover Greenhouse gas emissions Life cycle assessment Zea mays a b s t r a c t A life-cycle assessment (LCA) of corn ethanol was conducted to determine the reduction in the life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for corn ethanol compared to gasoline by integrating biomass fuels to replace fossil fuels (natural gas and grid electricity) in a U.S. Midwest dry-grind corn ethanol plant producing 0.19 hm 3 y À1 of denatured ethanol. The biomass fuels studied are corn stover and ethanol co-products [dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), and syrup (solubles portion of DDGS)]. The biomass conversion technologies/systems considered are process heat (PH) only systems, combined heat and power (CHP) systems, and biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22565789" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="27958f50998d2e440e2f1b6f6ab21d1f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43175295,"asset_id":22565789,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43175295/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODg5OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44110318" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DouglasTiffany1">Douglas Tiffany</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44110318" type="text/json">{"id":44110318,"first_name":"Douglas","last_name":"Tiffany","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DouglasTiffany1","display_name":"Douglas Tiffany","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DouglasTiffany1?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22565789 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22565789"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22565789, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22565789", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22565789]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22565789").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22565789").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22565789"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology">Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="923" type="text/json">{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10529" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment">Life Cycle Assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10529" type="text/json">{"id":10529,"name":"Life Cycle Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43996" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Use_Change">Land Use Change</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43996" type="text/json">{"id":43996,"name":"Land Use Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Use_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22565789]'), work: {"id":22565789,"title":"Reducing life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of corn ethanol by integrating biomass to produce heat and power at ethanol plants","created_at":"2016-02-28T16:13:13.334-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22565789/Reducing_life_cycle_greenhouse_gas_emissions_of_corn_ethanol_by_integrating_biomass_to_produce_heat_and_power_at_ethanol_plants?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_22565789","summary":"Combined heat and power Corn ethanol Corn stover Greenhouse gas emissions Life cycle assessment Zea mays a b s t r a c t A life-cycle assessment (LCA) of corn ethanol was conducted to determine the reduction in the life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for corn ethanol compared to gasoline by integrating biomass fuels to replace fossil fuels (natural gas and grid electricity) in a U.S. Midwest dry-grind corn ethanol plant producing 0.19 hm 3 y À1 of denatured ethanol. The biomass fuels studied are corn stover and ethanol co-products [dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), and syrup (solubles portion of DDGS)]. The biomass conversion technologies/systems considered are process heat (PH) only systems, combined heat and power (CHP) systems, and biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43175295,"asset_id":22565789,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44110318,"first_name":"Douglas","last_name":"Tiffany","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DouglasTiffany1","display_name":"Douglas Tiffany","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DouglasTiffany1?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":10529,"name":"Life Cycle Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":43996,"name":"Land Use Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Use_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":59128,"name":"Natural Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Gas?f_ri=184265"},{"id":68256,"name":"Emission reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emission_reduction?f_ri=184265"},{"id":93298,"name":"Fossil Fuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_Fuels?f_ri=184265"},{"id":182962,"name":"Life Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":251654,"name":"Greenhouse Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas?f_ri=184265"},{"id":370863,"name":"Zea mays","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zea_mays?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1272117,"name":"Combined Heat and Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combined_Heat_and_Power?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51646347" data-work_id="51646347" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/51646347/Contribution_of_rice_production_to_greenhouse_gas_emission_in_Europe">Contribution of rice production to greenhouse gas emission in Europe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51646347" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c70487f1857175cbbbb563beae02b225" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69279153,"asset_id":51646347,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69279153/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="81459608" rel="nofollow" href="https://independent.academia.edu/bocchistefano">stefano bocchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="81459608" type="text/json">{"id":81459608,"first_name":"stefano","last_name":"bocchi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"bocchistefano","display_name":"stefano bocchi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/bocchistefano?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51646347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51646347"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51646347, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51646347", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51646347]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51646347").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51646347").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51646347"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123865" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_warming_potential">Global warming potential</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123865" type="text/json">{"id":123865,"name":"Global warming potential","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_warming_potential?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methane">Methane</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156347" type="text/json">{"id":156347,"name":"Methane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methane?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184265" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions">Greenhouse Gas Emissions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184265" type="text/json">{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="251654" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas">Greenhouse Gas</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="251654" type="text/json">{"id":251654,"name":"Greenhouse Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51646347]'), work: {"id":51646347,"title":"Contribution of rice production to greenhouse gas emission in Europe","created_at":"2021-09-09T14:52:53.855-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51646347/Contribution_of_rice_production_to_greenhouse_gas_emission_in_Europe?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_51646347","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69279153,"asset_id":51646347,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":81459608,"first_name":"stefano","last_name":"bocchi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"bocchistefano","display_name":"stefano bocchi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/bocchistefano?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":123865,"name":"Global warming potential","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_warming_potential?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":156347,"name":"Methane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methane?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":251654,"name":"Greenhouse Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":354794,"name":"Greenhouse gases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_gases?f_ri=184265"},{"id":387920,"name":"Nitrous Oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrous_Oxide?f_ri=184265"},{"id":437146,"name":"Climate impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_impacts?f_ri=184265"},{"id":509785,"name":"Simulation Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation_Study?f_ri=184265"},{"id":959544,"name":"Process Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Process_Model?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38511279" data-work_id="38511279" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38511279/Horse_Manure_Managment_Leaching_and_Offgassing_emissions_stats_03_03_2019_pptx">Horse Manure Managment Leaching and Offgassing emissions stats - 03-03-2019.pptx</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Introduction All studies dating back 100 years have shown we need to drastically reduce waste from leaching, off-gassing, or stockpiling manure on our streets and lands. Horse manure is yet difficult to quantify as ”horse manure" is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38511279" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Introduction All studies dating back 100 years have shown we need to drastically reduce waste from leaching, off-gassing, or stockpiling manure on our streets and lands. Horse manure is yet difficult to quantify as ”horse manure" is usually the total cleaned stall or “stall residuals.” Stall residuals combine manure, stall bedding wood shavings, feed and hay which today is disposed of by spreading, stockpiling for compost, or burning. Is FAOSTAT data based on stall residuals or pure manure? As data is about spreading, leaching and off gassing it is suggested we interpret “horse manure” as “stall residuals.” To effectively benefit from spreading, composting or using AD digestate as a viable source of Co2/Nitrogen/ Potassium we must separate the manure buns/apples from the bedding and repurpose the shavings. HiPoint recycles residual stall shavings through the HPAB Process 2019 © as the only effective way to deal with stall residuals. “Horse Manure” Data is on emission levels 2010-2016 from horses. FAOSTAT</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38511279" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8b9e4a7c31c4ea3c201dc05df353286c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58584071,"asset_id":38511279,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58584071/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="69995309" href="https://independent.academia.edu/paulcross11">paul cross</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="69995309" type="text/json">{"id":69995309,"first_name":"paul","last_name":"cross","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"paulcross11","display_name":"paul cross","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/paulcross11?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/69995309/21979614/21233437/s65_paul.cross.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38511279 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38511279"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38511279, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38511279", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38511279]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38511279").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38511279").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38511279"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6308" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioleaching_Bacterial_Leaching">Bioleaching/ Bacterial Leaching</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6308" type="text/json">{"id":6308,"name":"Bioleaching/ Bacterial Leaching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioleaching_Bacterial_Leaching?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7602" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_recycling">Waste recycling</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7602" type="text/json">{"id":7602,"name":"Waste recycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_recycling?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14084" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_and_Environment">Energy and Environment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14084" type="text/json">{"id":14084,"name":"Energy and Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_and_Environment?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53108" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53108" type="text/json">{"id":53108,"name":"Phosphorus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorus?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38511279]'), work: {"id":38511279,"title":"Horse Manure Managment Leaching and Offgassing emissions stats - 03-03-2019.pptx","created_at":"2019-03-07T21:58:32.130-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38511279/Horse_Manure_Managment_Leaching_and_Offgassing_emissions_stats_03_03_2019_pptx?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_38511279","summary":"Introduction All studies dating back 100 years have shown we need to drastically reduce waste from leaching, off-gassing, or stockpiling manure on our streets and lands. Horse manure is yet difficult to quantify as ”horse manure\" is usually the total cleaned stall or “stall residuals.” Stall residuals combine manure, stall bedding wood shavings, feed and hay which today is disposed of by spreading, stockpiling for compost, or burning. Is FAOSTAT data based on stall residuals or pure manure? As data is about spreading, leaching and off gassing it is suggested we interpret “horse manure” as “stall residuals.” To effectively benefit from spreading, composting or using AD digestate as a viable source of Co2/Nitrogen/ Potassium we must separate the manure buns/apples from the bedding and repurpose the shavings. HiPoint recycles residual stall shavings through the HPAB Process 2019 © as the only effective way to deal with stall residuals. “Horse Manure” Data is on emission levels 2010-2016 from horses. FAOSTAT","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58584071,"asset_id":38511279,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":58579489,"asset_id":38511279,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":69995309,"first_name":"paul","last_name":"cross","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"paulcross11","display_name":"paul cross","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/paulcross11?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/69995309/21979614/21233437/s65_paul.cross.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6308,"name":"Bioleaching/ Bacterial Leaching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioleaching_Bacterial_Leaching?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":7602,"name":"Waste recycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_recycling?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":14084,"name":"Energy and Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_and_Environment?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":53108,"name":"Phosphorus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorus?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":110017,"name":"CO2 emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CO2_emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":159296,"name":"Environmental Waste Management by EPS-producing biofilm bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Waste_Management_by_EPS-producing_biofilm_bacteria?f_ri=184265"},{"id":168196,"name":"Horses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horses?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":631768,"name":"Manure and Nutrients","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manure_and_Nutrients?f_ri=184265"},{"id":2355981,"name":"Manure Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manure_Management?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10470010" data-work_id="10470010" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10470010/The_benchmarks_of_carbon_emissions_and_policy_implications_for_Chinas_cities_Case_of_Nanjing">The benchmarks of carbon emissions and policy implications for China's cities: Case of Nanjing</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The development of urbanization is accelerating in China, and there are great pressures and opportunities in cities to reduce carbon emissions. An emissions inventory is a basic requirement for analyzing emissions of greenhouse gases... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10470010" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The development of urbanization is accelerating in China, and there are great pressures and opportunities in cities to reduce carbon emissions. An emissions inventory is a basic requirement for analyzing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), their potential reduction and to realize low-carbon development of cities. This study describes a method to establish a GHGs emissions inventory in Chinese cities for 6 emission sources including industrial energy consumption, transportation, household energy consumption, commercial energy consumption, industrial processes and waste. Nanjing city was selected as a representative case to analyze the characteristics of carbon emissions in Chinese cities. The results show that carbon emissions in Nanjing have increased nearly 50% during the last decade. The three largest GHGs contributors were industrial energy consumption, industrial processes and transportation, which contributed 37-44%, 35-40% and 6-10%, respectively, to the total GHGs emissions. Per GDP carbon emissions decreased by 55% from 2002 to 2009, and the per capita and per GDP carbon emissions were comparable or even lower than the world average levels. These results have important policy implications for Chinese cities to control their carbon emissions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10470010" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="390ce2e7d86917192af47bed00cee317" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47368120,"asset_id":10470010,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47368120/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25694431" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RongrongZhang1">Rongrong Zhang</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25694431" type="text/json">{"id":25694431,"first_name":"Rongrong","last_name":"Zhang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RongrongZhang1","display_name":"Rongrong Zhang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RongrongZhang1?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25694431/7022532/7916944/s65_rongrong.zhang.jpg_oh_8af9858cb330e107788f452d0a0ec45d_oe_555e2a2a"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10470010 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10470010"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10470010, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10470010", }); 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An emissions inventory is a basic requirement for analyzing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), their potential reduction and to realize low-carbon development of cities. This study describes a method to establish a GHGs emissions inventory in Chinese cities for 6 emission sources including industrial energy consumption, transportation, household energy consumption, commercial energy consumption, industrial processes and waste. Nanjing city was selected as a representative case to analyze the characteristics of carbon emissions in Chinese cities. The results show that carbon emissions in Nanjing have increased nearly 50% during the last decade. The three largest GHGs contributors were industrial energy consumption, industrial processes and transportation, which contributed 37-44%, 35-40% and 6-10%, respectively, to the total GHGs emissions. Per GDP carbon emissions decreased by 55% from 2002 to 2009, and the per capita and per GDP carbon emissions were comparable or even lower than the world average levels. These results have important policy implications for Chinese cities to control their carbon emissions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47368120,"asset_id":10470010,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25694431,"first_name":"Rongrong","last_name":"Zhang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RongrongZhang1","display_name":"Rongrong Zhang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RongrongZhang1?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25694431/7022532/7916944/s65_rongrong.zhang.jpg_oh_8af9858cb330e107788f452d0a0ec45d_oe_555e2a2a"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":11397,"name":"Energy Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Consumption?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":238827,"name":"Carbon Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":354794,"name":"Greenhouse gases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_gases?f_ri=184265"},{"id":762148,"name":"Emission Inventory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emission_Inventory?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11320994" data-work_id="11320994" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11320994/An_environmental_impact_assessment_of_exported_wood_pellets_from_Canada_to_Europe">An environmental impact assessment of exported wood pellets from Canada to Europe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Fossil fuel content Greenhouse gas emissions Air emissions Life cycle analysis Impact assessment a b s t r a c t</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11320994" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li 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Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11320994]'), work: {"id":11320994,"title":"An environmental impact assessment of exported wood pellets from Canada to Europe","created_at":"2015-03-07T13:39:08.649-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11320994/An_environmental_impact_assessment_of_exported_wood_pellets_from_Canada_to_Europe?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_11320994","summary":"Fossil fuel content Greenhouse gas emissions Air emissions Life cycle analysis Impact assessment a b s t r a c t","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46759614,"asset_id":11320994,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27404662,"first_name":"Staffan","last_name":"Melin","domain_name":"ubc","page_name":"StaffanMelin","display_name":"Staffan Melin","profile_url":"https://ubc.academia.edu/StaffanMelin?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27404662/7794755/8736162/s65_staffan.melin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":5413,"name":"Bioenergy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioenergy?f_ri=184265"},{"id":10729,"name":"Environmental Impact Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact_Assessment?f_ri=184265"},{"id":11397,"name":"Energy Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Consumption?f_ri=184265"},{"id":54182,"name":"Biofuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofuels?f_ri=184265"},{"id":59128,"name":"Natural Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Gas?f_ri=184265"},{"id":60194,"name":"Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transport?f_ri=184265"},{"id":71578,"name":"Wood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wood?f_ri=184265"},{"id":76040,"name":"Impact Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Impact_Assessment?f_ri=184265"},{"id":93298,"name":"Fossil Fuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_Fuels?f_ri=184265"},{"id":94514,"name":"Pellet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pellet?f_ri=184265"},{"id":119700,"name":"Exportation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exportation?f_ri=184265"},{"id":182962,"name":"Life Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":198379,"name":"British Columbia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Columbia?f_ri=184265"},{"id":251651,"name":"Environmental Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact?f_ri=184265"},{"id":354794,"name":"Greenhouse gases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_gases?f_ri=184265"},{"id":385144,"name":"Production Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_Process?f_ri=184265"},{"id":431154,"name":"Fuel Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuel_Consumption?f_ri=184265"},{"id":646205,"name":"Life Cycle Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Analysis?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1714028,"name":"Long Distance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Distance?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12920544" data-work_id="12920544" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12920544/Modeling_hourly_electricity_dynamics_for_policy_making_in_long_term_scenarios">Modeling hourly electricity dynamics for policy making in long-term scenarios</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Energy policies are often related to the global effort in reducing greenhouse gas emissions through increased use of renewable energies in electricity production. The impact of these policies is usually calculated by energy planning... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12920544" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Energy policies are often related to the global effort in reducing greenhouse gas emissions through increased use of renewable energies in electricity production. The impact of these policies is usually calculated by energy planning tools. However, the modeling methodologies most currently used are not adequate to simulate long-term scenarios while considering the hourly dynamics of supply and demand.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12920544" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5b33425d9bfcf5556f4d68cf6f046395" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45846227,"asset_id":12920544,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45846227/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32092280" href="https://tecnico.academia.edu/CarlosAugustoSantosSilva">Carlos Augusto Santos Silva</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32092280" type="text/json">{"id":32092280,"first_name":"Carlos Augusto Santos","last_name":"Silva","domain_name":"tecnico","page_name":"CarlosAugustoSantosSilva","display_name":"Carlos Augusto Santos Silva","profile_url":"https://tecnico.academia.edu/CarlosAugustoSantosSilva?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12920544 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12920544"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12920544, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12920544", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12920544]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12920544").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12920544").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12920544"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2738" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy">Renewable Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2738" type="text/json">{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5609" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy">Energy Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5609" type="text/json">{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54279" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_making">Policy making</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="54279" type="text/json">{"id":54279,"name":"Policy making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_making?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12920544]'), work: {"id":12920544,"title":"Modeling hourly electricity dynamics for policy making in long-term scenarios","created_at":"2015-06-11T03:15:49.691-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12920544/Modeling_hourly_electricity_dynamics_for_policy_making_in_long_term_scenarios?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_12920544","summary":"Energy policies are often related to the global effort in reducing greenhouse gas emissions through increased use of renewable energies in electricity production. The impact of these policies is usually calculated by energy planning tools. However, the modeling methodologies most currently used are not adequate to simulate long-term scenarios while considering the hourly dynamics of supply and demand.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45846227,"asset_id":12920544,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32092280,"first_name":"Carlos Augusto Santos","last_name":"Silva","domain_name":"tecnico","page_name":"CarlosAugustoSantosSilva","display_name":"Carlos Augusto Santos Silva","profile_url":"https://tecnico.academia.edu/CarlosAugustoSantosSilva?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":5609,"name":"Energy 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Decision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Investment_Decision?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1187556,"name":"Supply and Demand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supply_and_Demand?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14126916" data-work_id="14126916" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14126916/Climate_change_Impact_on_agriculture_and_costs_of_adaptation">Climate change: Impact on agriculture and costs of adaptation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14126916" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7c206001f8481db7247e96452589aa30" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44579749,"asset_id":14126916,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44579749/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33122543" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TingjuZhu">Tingju Zhu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33122543" type="text/json">{"id":33122543,"first_name":"Tingju","last_name":"Zhu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TingjuZhu","display_name":"Tingju Zhu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TingjuZhu?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14126916 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14126916"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14126916, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14126916", }); 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14126916]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14126916").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14126916").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14126916"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3540" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Policy">Food Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3540" type="text/json">{"id":3540,"name":"Food Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Policy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5471" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asia">South Asia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5471" type="text/json">{"id":5471,"name":"South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asia?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38360" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Security">Food Security</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="38360" type="text/json">{"id":38360,"name":"Food Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Security?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14126916]'), work: {"id":14126916,"title":"Climate change: Impact on agriculture and costs of adaptation","created_at":"2015-07-16T12:43:26.135-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14126916/Climate_change_Impact_on_agriculture_and_costs_of_adaptation?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_14126916","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44579749,"asset_id":14126916,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33122543,"first_name":"Tingju","last_name":"Zhu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TingjuZhu","display_name":"Tingju Zhu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TingjuZhu?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":3540,"name":"Food Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Policy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":5471,"name":"South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asia?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":38360,"name":"Food Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Security?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":57433,"name":"Seasonality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality?f_ri=184265"},{"id":69825,"name":"Negative Affect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negative_Affect?f_ri=184265"},{"id":70854,"name":"Developing Country","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Country?f_ri=184265"},{"id":84384,"name":"Maize","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maize?f_ri=184265"},{"id":99847,"name":"Food Insecurity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Insecurity?f_ri=184265"},{"id":132270,"name":"Developing World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_World?f_ri=184265"},{"id":167145,"name":"Agricultural Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Production?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":188229,"name":"Soybean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soybean?f_ri=184265"},{"id":278621,"name":"Climate change impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_change_impact?f_ri=184265"},{"id":647003,"name":"Rural Area","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Area?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24097807" data-work_id="24097807" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24097807/Integrating_development_and_climate_policies">Integrating development and climate policies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">What lessons for policy makers at national and international level can be drawn from the growing experiences of reconciling development and climate change? The key to achieving this is to approach the problem from the development... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24097807" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">What lessons for policy makers at national and international level can be drawn from the growing experiences of reconciling development and climate change? The key to achieving this is to approach the problem from the development perspective, since that is where in most countries the priority lies. Current knowledge on how to realize the benefits of such an integrated approach is assessed. The focus is on the main national development priorities, such as poverty reduction, disaster reduction, rural development, energy supply and transportation. Barriers and promising approaches are identified, based on the experience gained in several countries. The potential is explored for enhancing the global impact of such integrated approaches through replication of national experiences, supported by international organizations. Opportunities for large-scale initiatives are considered at national or regional level. The role of international agreements in fostering integrated development and climate policies is analysed, showing opportunities for achieving large co-benefits for addressing climate change by making use of existing policy frameworks for development and going beyond the UNFCCC framework.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24097807" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b8082bde4b869f94026b789b67da0bcc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44463118,"asset_id":24097807,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44463118/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15786129" href="https://independent.academia.edu/verhagenjan">jan verhagen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15786129" type="text/json">{"id":15786129,"first_name":"jan","last_name":"verhagen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"verhagenjan","display_name":"jan verhagen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/verhagenjan?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24097807 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24097807"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24097807, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24097807", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24097807 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24097807; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24097807"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24097807 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24097807"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24097807; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24097807]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24097807").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24097807").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24097807"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3345" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations">International organizations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3345" type="text/json">{"id":3345,"name":"International organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3707" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_change_policy">Climate change policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3707" type="text/json">{"id":3707,"name":"Climate change policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_change_policy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24097807]'), work: {"id":24097807,"title":"Integrating development and climate policies","created_at":"2016-04-05T23:46:01.007-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24097807/Integrating_development_and_climate_policies?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_24097807","summary":"What lessons for policy makers at national and international level can be drawn from the growing experiences of reconciling development and climate change? The key to achieving this is to approach the problem from the development perspective, since that is where in most countries the priority lies. Current knowledge on how to realize the benefits of such an integrated approach is assessed. The focus is on the main national development priorities, such as poverty reduction, disaster reduction, rural development, energy supply and transportation. Barriers and promising approaches are identified, based on the experience gained in several countries. The potential is explored for enhancing the global impact of such integrated approaches through replication of national experiences, supported by international organizations. Opportunities for large-scale initiatives are considered at national or regional level. The role of international agreements in fostering integrated development and climate policies is analysed, showing opportunities for achieving large co-benefits for addressing climate change by making use of existing policy frameworks for development and going beyond the UNFCCC framework.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44463118,"asset_id":24097807,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15786129,"first_name":"jan","last_name":"verhagen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"verhagenjan","display_name":"jan verhagen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/verhagenjan?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":3345,"name":"International organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":3707,"name":"Climate change policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_change_policy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":7453,"name":"Rural Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Development?f_ri=184265"},{"id":11395,"name":"Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development?f_ri=184265"},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=184265"},{"id":59128,"name":"Natural Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Gas?f_ri=184265"},{"id":70646,"name":"Development policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_policy?f_ri=184265"},{"id":87342,"name":"Poverty Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Reduction?f_ri=184265"},{"id":93298,"name":"Fossil Fuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_Fuels?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":231615,"name":"Climate policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_policy?f_ri=184265"},{"id":251654,"name":"Greenhouse Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas?f_ri=184265"},{"id":285086,"name":"Integrated Approach","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Approach?f_ri=184265"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy?f_ri=184265"},{"id":383248,"name":"Heat stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_stress?f_ri=184265"},{"id":525680,"name":"Development Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Strategy?f_ri=184265"},{"id":555492,"name":"Natural Resource","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Resource?f_ri=184265"},{"id":635793,"name":"International Organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Organizations-1?f_ri=184265"},{"id":758278,"name":"Large Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_Scale?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1196652,"name":"International Agreements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Agreements?f_ri=184265"},{"id":2163839,"name":"Growing Season","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growing_Season?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21434854" data-work_id="21434854" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21434854/POTENTIAL_ECONOMIC_IMPACTS_OF_CLIMATE_CHANGE_ON_AUSTRALIAN_FISHERIES_AND_THE_NEED_FOR_ADAPTIVE_MANAGEMENT">POTENTIAL ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AUSTRALIAN FISHERIES AND THE NEED FOR ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The effects of climate change on marine fisheries can be either mitigated by global action on greenhouse gas emission, or managed by encouraging appropriate adaptation. While fishers will autonomously adjust their activities in response... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21434854" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The effects of climate change on marine fisheries can be either mitigated by global action on greenhouse gas emission, or managed by encouraging appropriate adaptation. While fishers will autonomously adjust their activities in response to climate change, fisheries management systems may also need to be changed to facilitate adjustment. Identifying the scope of these management changes require some understanding of the impacts of climate change in the absence of any management changes. In this paper, we estimate the climate-related economic impact on Australian marine fisheries and associated sectors for the year 2030, ceteris paribus, based on expected biophysical changes to the resource and using an Input-Output model to capture impacts on the broader economy. Despite considerable uncertainties surrounding potential changes to the biological productivity of capture fisheries, the results suggest that most Australian fisheries and their related sectors could benefit from climate change. Appropriate adaptations could further enhance the benefits and reduce the losses to the fisheries investigated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21434854" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="13c834292a8c26c3f09a176bcca63906" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41872662,"asset_id":21434854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41872662/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="88759" href="https://csiro.academia.edu/SeanPascoe">Sean Pascoe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="88759" type="text/json">{"id":88759,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Pascoe","domain_name":"csiro","page_name":"SeanPascoe","display_name":"Sean Pascoe","profile_url":"https://csiro.academia.edu/SeanPascoe?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/88759/19731827/19584431/s65_sean.pascoe.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21434854 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21434854"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21434854, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21434854", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21434854 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21434854; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21434854"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21434854 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21434854"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21434854; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21434854]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21434854").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21434854").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21434854"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics">Applied Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27659" type="text/json">{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Input-Output_Analysis">Input-Output Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40523" type="text/json">{"id":40523,"name":"Input-Output Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Input-Output_Analysis?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45405" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming">Global Warming</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45405" type="text/json">{"id":45405,"name":"Global Warming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21434854]'), work: {"id":21434854,"title":"POTENTIAL ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AUSTRALIAN FISHERIES AND THE NEED FOR ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT","created_at":"2016-02-01T20:55:04.135-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21434854/POTENTIAL_ECONOMIC_IMPACTS_OF_CLIMATE_CHANGE_ON_AUSTRALIAN_FISHERIES_AND_THE_NEED_FOR_ADAPTIVE_MANAGEMENT?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_21434854","summary":"The effects of climate change on marine fisheries can be either mitigated by global action on greenhouse gas emission, or managed by encouraging appropriate adaptation. While fishers will autonomously adjust their activities in response to climate change, fisheries management systems may also need to be changed to facilitate adjustment. Identifying the scope of these management changes require some understanding of the impacts of climate change in the absence of any management changes. In this paper, we estimate the climate-related economic impact on Australian marine fisheries and associated sectors for the year 2030, ceteris paribus, based on expected biophysical changes to the resource and using an Input-Output model to capture impacts on the broader economy. Despite considerable uncertainties surrounding potential changes to the biological productivity of capture fisheries, the results suggest that most Australian fisheries and their related sectors could benefit from climate change. Appropriate adaptations could further enhance the benefits and reduce the losses to the fisheries investigated.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41872662,"asset_id":21434854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":88759,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Pascoe","domain_name":"csiro","page_name":"SeanPascoe","display_name":"Sean Pascoe","profile_url":"https://csiro.academia.edu/SeanPascoe?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/88759/19731827/19584431/s65_sean.pascoe.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":40523,"name":"Input-Output Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Input-Output_Analysis?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":45405,"name":"Global Warming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":146482,"name":"Fishery Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fishery_Management?f_ri=184265"},{"id":149214,"name":"Economic Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Impact?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":214602,"name":"Climate Change Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Economics?f_ri=184265"},{"id":251654,"name":"Greenhouse Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas?f_ri=184265"},{"id":527506,"name":"Adaptive Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptive_Management?f_ri=184265"},{"id":780669,"name":"Input Output","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Input_Output?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3215613 coauthored" data-work_id="3215613" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3215613/Situated_lifestyles_I_How_lifestyles_change_along_with_the_level_of_urbanization_and_what_the_greenhouse_gas_implications_are_a_study_of_Finland">Situated lifestyles: I. How lifestyles change along with the level of urbanization and what the greenhouse gas implications are—a study of Finland</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An extensive body of literature demonstrates how higher density leads to more efficient energy use and lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transport and housing. However, our current understanding seems to be limited on the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3215613" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An extensive body of literature demonstrates how higher density leads to more efficient energy use and lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transport and housing. However, our current understanding seems to be limited on the relationships between the urban form and the GHG emissions, namely how the urban form affects the lifestyles and thus the GHGs on a much wider scale than traditionally assumed. The urban form affects housing types, commuting distances, availability of different goods and services, social contacts and emulation, and the alternatives for pastimes, meaning that lifestyles are actually situated instead of personal projects. As almost all consumption, be it services or products, involves GHG emissions, looking at the emissions from transport and housing may not be sufficient to define whether one form would be more desirable than another. In the paper we analyze the urban form–lifestyle relationships in Finland together with the resulting GHG implications, employing both monetary expenditure and time use data to portray lifestyles in different basic urban forms: metropolitan, urban, semi-urban and rural. The GHG implications are assessed with a life cycle assessment (LCA) method that takes into account the GHG emissions embedded in different goods and services. The paper depicts that, while the direct emissions from transportation and housing energy slightly decrease with higher density, the reductions can be easily overridden by sources of indirect emissions. We also highlight that the indirect emissions actually seem to have strong structural determinants, often undermined in studies concerning sustainable urban forms. Further, we introduce a concept of 'parallel consumption' to explain how the lifestyles especially in more urbanized areas lead to multiplication of consumption outside of the limits of time budget and the living environment. This is also part I of a two-stage study. In part II we will depict how various other contextual and socioeconomic variables are actually also very important to take into account, and how diverse GHG mitigation strategies would be needed for different types of area in different locations towards a low-carbon future.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3215613" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ae4649bf998f143f4aaf137800e8b6ef" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31087677,"asset_id":3215613,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31087677/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="462196" href="https://uwasa.academia.edu/JouniJuntunen">Jouni K Juntunen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="462196" type="text/json">{"id":462196,"first_name":"Jouni","last_name":"Juntunen","domain_name":"uwasa","page_name":"JouniJuntunen","display_name":"Jouni K Juntunen","profile_url":"https://uwasa.academia.edu/JouniJuntunen?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/462196/152569/1402427/s65_jouni.juntunen.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-3215613">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-3215613"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://aalto-fi.academia.edu/MikkoJalas">Mikko Jalas</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://hi.academia.edu/JukkaHeinonen">Jukka Heinonen</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-3215613'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-3215613').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3215613 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3215613"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3215613, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3215613", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3215613 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3215613; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3215613"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3215613 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3215613"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3215613; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3215613]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3215613").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3215613").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3215613"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10529" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment">Life Cycle Assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10529" type="text/json">{"id":10529,"name":"Life Cycle Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11397" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Consumption">Energy Consumption</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11397" type="text/json">{"id":11397,"name":"Energy Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Consumption?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184265" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions">Greenhouse Gas Emissions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184265" type="text/json">{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="746251" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Consumption">Domestic Consumption</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="746251" type="text/json">{"id":746251,"name":"Domestic Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Consumption?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3215613]'), work: {"id":3215613,"title":"Situated lifestyles: I. How lifestyles change along with the level of urbanization and what the greenhouse gas implications are—a study of Finland","created_at":"2013-04-04T22:02:37.986-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3215613/Situated_lifestyles_I_How_lifestyles_change_along_with_the_level_of_urbanization_and_what_the_greenhouse_gas_implications_are_a_study_of_Finland?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_3215613","summary":"An extensive body of literature demonstrates how higher density leads to more efficient energy use and lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transport and housing. However, our current understanding seems to be limited on the relationships between the urban form and the GHG emissions, namely how the urban form affects the lifestyles and thus the GHGs on a much wider scale than traditionally assumed. The urban form affects housing types, commuting distances, availability of different goods and services, social contacts and emulation, and the alternatives for pastimes, meaning that lifestyles are actually situated instead of personal projects. As almost all consumption, be it services or products, involves GHG emissions, looking at the emissions from transport and housing may not be sufficient to define whether one form would be more desirable than another. In the paper we analyze the urban form–lifestyle relationships in Finland together with the resulting GHG implications, employing both monetary expenditure and time use data to portray lifestyles in different basic urban forms: metropolitan, urban, semi-urban and rural. The GHG implications are assessed with a life cycle assessment (LCA) method that takes into account the GHG emissions embedded in different goods and services. The paper depicts that, while the direct emissions from transportation and housing energy slightly decrease with higher density, the reductions can be easily overridden by sources of indirect emissions. We also highlight that the indirect emissions actually seem to have strong structural determinants, often undermined in studies concerning sustainable urban forms. Further, we introduce a concept of 'parallel consumption' to explain how the lifestyles especially in more urbanized areas lead to multiplication of consumption outside of the limits of time budget and the living environment. This is also part I of a two-stage study. In part II we will depict how various other contextual and socioeconomic variables are actually also very important to take into account, and how diverse GHG mitigation strategies would be needed for different types of area in different locations towards a low-carbon future.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31087677,"asset_id":3215613,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":462196,"first_name":"Jouni","last_name":"Juntunen","domain_name":"uwasa","page_name":"JouniJuntunen","display_name":"Jouni K Juntunen","profile_url":"https://uwasa.academia.edu/JouniJuntunen?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/462196/152569/1402427/s65_jouni.juntunen.jpg"},{"id":5331567,"first_name":"Mikko","last_name":"Jalas","domain_name":"aalto-fi","page_name":"MikkoJalas","display_name":"Mikko Jalas","profile_url":"https://aalto-fi.academia.edu/MikkoJalas?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5331567/2342128/2730815/s65_mikko.jalas.jpg"},{"id":32758491,"first_name":"Jukka","last_name":"Heinonen","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"JukkaHeinonen","display_name":"Jukka Heinonen","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/JukkaHeinonen?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32758491/11497829/12824099/s65_jukka.heinonen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10529,"name":"Life Cycle Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":11397,"name":"Energy Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Consumption?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":746251,"name":"Domestic Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Consumption?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_57573964" data-work_id="57573964" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57573964/Life_cycle_assessment_of_a_Brassica_carinata_bioenergy_cropping_system_in_southern_Europe">Life cycle assessment of a Brassica carinata bioenergy cropping system in southern Europe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The energetic and environmental performance of production and distribution of the Brassica carinata biomass crop in Soria (Spain) is analysed using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology in order to demonstrate the major potential that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_57573964" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The energetic and environmental performance of production and distribution of the Brassica carinata biomass crop in Soria (Spain) is analysed using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology in order to demonstrate the major potential that the crop has in southern Europe as a lignocellulosic fuel for use as a renewable energy source. The Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) including midpoint impact analysis that was performed shows that the use of fertilizers is the action with the highest impact in six of the 10 environmental categories considered, representing between 51% and 68% of the impact in these categories. The second most important impact is produced when the diesel is used in tractors and transport vehicles which represents between 48% and 77%. The contribution of the B. carinata cropping system to the global warming category is 12.7 g CO 2 eq. MJ À1 biomass produced. Assuming a preliminary estimation of the B. carinata capacity of translocated CO 2 (631 kg CO 2 ha À1) from below-ground biomass into the soil, the emissions are reduced by up to 5.2 g CO 2 eq. MJ À1. The production and transport are as far as a thermoelectric plant of the B. carinata biomass used as a solid fuel consumes 0.12 MJ of primary energy per 1 MJ of biomass energy stored. In comparison with other fossil fuels such as natural gas, it reduces primary energy consumption by 33.2% and greenhouse gas emission from 33.1% to 71.2% depending on whether the capacity of translocated CO 2 is considered or not. The results of the analysis support the assertion that B. carinata crops are viable from an energy balance and environmental perspective for producing lignocellulosic solid fuel destined for the production of energy in southern Europe. Furthermore, the performance of the crop could be improved, thus increasing the energy and environmental benefits.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/57573964" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ab0fb44164c25a88f38af834239f5da1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72410121,"asset_id":57573964,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72410121/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8268863" href="https://girona.academia.edu/MiquelRigola">Miquel Rigola</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8268863" type="text/json">{"id":8268863,"first_name":"Miquel","last_name":"Rigola","domain_name":"girona","page_name":"MiquelRigola","display_name":"Miquel Rigola","profile_url":"https://girona.academia.edu/MiquelRigola?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_57573964 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="57573964"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57573964, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_57573964", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_57573964 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57573964; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_57573964"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_57573964 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57573964"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57573964; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57573964]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_57573964").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_57573964").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="57573964"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5411" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass">Biomass</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5411" type="text/json">{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5413" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioenergy">Bioenergy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5413" type="text/json">{"id":5413,"name":"Bioenergy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioenergy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10529" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment">Life Cycle Assessment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10529" type="text/json">{"id":10529,"name":"Life Cycle Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=57573964]'), work: {"id":57573964,"title":"Life cycle assessment of a Brassica carinata bioenergy cropping system in southern Europe","created_at":"2021-10-13T10:03:04.601-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/57573964/Life_cycle_assessment_of_a_Brassica_carinata_bioenergy_cropping_system_in_southern_Europe?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_57573964","summary":"The energetic and environmental performance of production and distribution of the Brassica carinata biomass crop in Soria (Spain) is analysed using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology in order to demonstrate the major potential that the crop has in southern Europe as a lignocellulosic fuel for use as a renewable energy source. The Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) including midpoint impact analysis that was performed shows that the use of fertilizers is the action with the highest impact in six of the 10 environmental categories considered, representing between 51% and 68% of the impact in these categories. The second most important impact is produced when the diesel is used in tractors and transport vehicles which represents between 48% and 77%. The contribution of the B. carinata cropping system to the global warming category is 12.7 g CO 2 eq. MJ À1 biomass produced. Assuming a preliminary estimation of the B. carinata capacity of translocated CO 2 (631 kg CO 2 ha À1) from below-ground biomass into the soil, the emissions are reduced by up to 5.2 g CO 2 eq. MJ À1. The production and transport are as far as a thermoelectric plant of the B. carinata biomass used as a solid fuel consumes 0.12 MJ of primary energy per 1 MJ of biomass energy stored. In comparison with other fossil fuels such as natural gas, it reduces primary energy consumption by 33.2% and greenhouse gas emission from 33.1% to 71.2% depending on whether the capacity of translocated CO 2 is considered or not. The results of the analysis support the assertion that B. carinata crops are viable from an energy balance and environmental perspective for producing lignocellulosic solid fuel destined for the production of energy in southern Europe. Furthermore, the performance of the crop could be improved, thus increasing the energy and environmental benefits.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72410121,"asset_id":57573964,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8268863,"first_name":"Miquel","last_name":"Rigola","domain_name":"girona","page_name":"MiquelRigola","display_name":"Miquel Rigola","profile_url":"https://girona.academia.edu/MiquelRigola?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":5413,"name":"Bioenergy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioenergy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":10529,"name":"Life Cycle Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":11397,"name":"Energy Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Consumption?f_ri=184265"},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=184265"},{"id":45405,"name":"Global Warming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming?f_ri=184265"},{"id":57991,"name":"Impact Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Impact_Analysis?f_ri=184265"},{"id":59128,"name":"Natural Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Gas?f_ri=184265"},{"id":93298,"name":"Fossil Fuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_Fuels?f_ri=184265"},{"id":133295,"name":"Energy Balance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Balance?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":222397,"name":"Environmental Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Analysis?f_ri=184265"},{"id":251651,"name":"Environmental Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact?f_ri=184265"},{"id":267395,"name":"Farm machinery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Farm_machinery?f_ri=184265"},{"id":469972,"name":"Environmental Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Performance?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1233605,"name":"Life Cycle Impact Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Impact_Assessment?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1243706,"name":"Cropping System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cropping_System?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1327639,"name":"Energy Crop","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Crop?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1798763,"name":"Environmental benefit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_benefit?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51848615" data-work_id="51848615" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51848615/Biogas_as_a_potential_renewable_energy_source_A_Ghanaian_case_study">Biogas as a potential renewable energy source: A Ghanaian case study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The associated harmful environmental, health and social effects with the use of traditional biomass and fossil fuel has enhanced the growing interest in the search for alternate cleaner source of energy globally. Ghana, a developing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51848615" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The associated harmful environmental, health and social effects with the use of traditional biomass and fossil fuel has enhanced the growing interest in the search for alternate cleaner source of energy globally. Ghana, a developing country depends heavy on woodfuel as a source of fuel contributing about 72% of the primary energy supply with crude oil and hydro making up the rest. Biogas generation has simply been seen as a by-product of anaerobic digestion of organic waste. Having proven to be a practicable and promising technology, it has been very successful and a very reliable and clean source of energy when proper management programmes are followed. There are vast biomass resources including organic waste in Ghana that have the potential for use as feedstock for biogas production to reduce the over reliance of woodfuel and fossil fuel, and to help reduce the it would reduce greenhouse gas emissions which may be affecting climate change. Ghana having the technical potential of constructing about 278,000 biogas plants, only a little over 100 biogas plants has so far been established. This paper presents the energy situation and the status of the biogas technology and utilization in Ghana. It also presents the potential benefits, prospects and challenges of the biogas technology.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51848615" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ea7d36a06e95cc0f7bc304280d86639e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69388054,"asset_id":51848615,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69388054/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44438473" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartinaFranciscaBaidoo">Martina Francisca Baidoo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44438473" type="text/json">{"id":44438473,"first_name":"Martina Francisca","last_name":"Baidoo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MartinaFranciscaBaidoo","display_name":"Martina Francisca Baidoo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartinaFranciscaBaidoo?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44438473/33519636/29835674/s65_martina_francisca.baidoo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51848615 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51848615"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51848615, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51848615", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51848615]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51848615").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51848615").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51848615"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60" type="text/json">{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="988" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design">Design</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="988" type="text/json">{"id":988,"name":"Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2738" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy">Renewable Energy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2738" type="text/json">{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51848615]'), work: {"id":51848615,"title":"Biogas as a potential renewable energy source: A Ghanaian case study","created_at":"2021-09-11T06:45:16.925-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51848615/Biogas_as_a_potential_renewable_energy_source_A_Ghanaian_case_study?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_51848615","summary":"The associated harmful environmental, health and social effects with the use of traditional biomass and fossil fuel has enhanced the growing interest in the search for alternate cleaner source of energy globally. Ghana, a developing country depends heavy on woodfuel as a source of fuel contributing about 72% of the primary energy supply with crude oil and hydro making up the rest. Biogas generation has simply been seen as a by-product of anaerobic digestion of organic waste. Having proven to be a practicable and promising technology, it has been very successful and a very reliable and clean source of energy when proper management programmes are followed. There are vast biomass resources including organic waste in Ghana that have the potential for use as feedstock for biogas production to reduce the over reliance of woodfuel and fossil fuel, and to help reduce the it would reduce greenhouse gas emissions which may be affecting climate change. Ghana having the technical potential of constructing about 278,000 biogas plants, only a little over 100 biogas plants has so far been established. This paper presents the energy situation and the status of the biogas technology and utilization in Ghana. It also presents the potential benefits, prospects and challenges of the biogas technology.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69388054,"asset_id":51848615,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44438473,"first_name":"Martina Francisca","last_name":"Baidoo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MartinaFranciscaBaidoo","display_name":"Martina Francisca Baidoo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartinaFranciscaBaidoo?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44438473/33519636/29835674/s65_martina_francisca.baidoo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":988,"name":"Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=184265"},{"id":11395,"name":"Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development?f_ri=184265"},{"id":15784,"name":"Biogas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogas?f_ri=184265"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=184265"},{"id":53223,"name":"renewable Energy sources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/renewable_Energy_sources?f_ri=184265"},{"id":57518,"name":"Conception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conception?f_ri=184265"},{"id":59113,"name":"Anaerobic Digestion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anaerobic_Digestion?f_ri=184265"},{"id":70854,"name":"Developing Country","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Country?f_ri=184265"},{"id":93298,"name":"Fossil Fuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_Fuels?f_ri=184265"},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":316233,"name":"Crude Oil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crude_Oil?f_ri=184265"},{"id":751569,"name":"Organic Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Waste?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1237788,"name":"Electrical And Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_And_Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1332524,"name":"Fossil Fuel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_Fuel?f_ri=184265"},{"id":2636633,"name":"Production Capacity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_Capacity?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44005293" data-work_id="44005293" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44005293/Organic_Farming_and_Climate_Change_The_Need_for_Innovation">Organic Farming and Climate Change: The Need for Innovation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Organic agriculture has experienced remarkable growth in recent decades as societal interest in environmental protection and healthy eating has increased. Research has shown that relative to conventional agriculture, organic farming is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44005293" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Organic agriculture has experienced remarkable growth in recent decades as societal interest in environmental protection and healthy eating has increased. Research has shown that relative to conventional agriculture, organic farming is more efficient in its use of non-renewable energy, maintains or improves soil quality, and has less of a detrimental effect on water quality and biodiversity. Studies have had more mixed findings, however, when examining the impact of organic farming on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change. Life cycle assessments (LCAs) in particular have indicated that organic farming can often result in higher GHG emissions per unit product as a result of lower yields. The organic movement has the opportunity to embrace the science of LCA and use this information in developing tools for site-specific assessments that can point toward strategies for improvements. Responding effectively to the climate change crisis should be at the core of the organic movement's values. Additionally, while societal-level behavioral and policy changes will be required to reduce waste and shift diets to achieve essential reductions in GHG emissions throughout food systems, organic farming should be open to seriously considering emerging technologies and methods to improve its performance and reduce GHG emissions at the production stage.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44005293" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="313636b797d2272858d253ed5d9b6b9f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64339160,"asset_id":44005293,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64339160/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22352589" href="https://berea.academia.edu/SeanClark">Sean Clark</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22352589" type="text/json">{"id":22352589,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Clark","domain_name":"berea","page_name":"SeanClark","display_name":"Sean Clark","profile_url":"https://berea.academia.edu/SeanClark?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22352589/6109069/6926303/s65_sean.clark.jpg_oh_68bbd949e98de6a9293f7f0ba29238e7_oe_550e35d0___gda___1427610076_d69f507dba99a9bcac92fa1278d5ead8"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44005293 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44005293"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44005293, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44005293", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44005293]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44005293").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44005293").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44005293"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3539" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Systems">Food Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3539" type="text/json">{"id":3539,"name":"Food Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Systems?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10225" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture">Agriculture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10225" type="text/json">{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11643" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Sequestration">Carbon Sequestration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11643" type="text/json">{"id":11643,"name":"Carbon Sequestration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Sequestration?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44005293]'), work: {"id":44005293,"title":"Organic Farming and Climate Change: The Need for Innovation","created_at":"2020-09-02T13:12:52.078-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44005293/Organic_Farming_and_Climate_Change_The_Need_for_Innovation?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_44005293","summary":"Organic agriculture has experienced remarkable growth in recent decades as societal interest in environmental protection and healthy eating has increased. Research has shown that relative to conventional agriculture, organic farming is more efficient in its use of non-renewable energy, maintains or improves soil quality, and has less of a detrimental effect on water quality and biodiversity. Studies have had more mixed findings, however, when examining the impact of organic farming on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change. Life cycle assessments (LCAs) in particular have indicated that organic farming can often result in higher GHG emissions per unit product as a result of lower yields. The organic movement has the opportunity to embrace the science of LCA and use this information in developing tools for site-specific assessments that can point toward strategies for improvements. Responding effectively to the climate change crisis should be at the core of the organic movement's values. Additionally, while societal-level behavioral and policy changes will be required to reduce waste and shift diets to achieve essential reductions in GHG emissions throughout food systems, organic farming should be open to seriously considering emerging technologies and methods to improve its performance and reduce GHG emissions at the production stage.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64339160,"asset_id":44005293,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22352589,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Clark","domain_name":"berea","page_name":"SeanClark","display_name":"Sean Clark","profile_url":"https://berea.academia.edu/SeanClark?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22352589/6109069/6926303/s65_sean.clark.jpg_oh_68bbd949e98de6a9293f7f0ba29238e7_oe_550e35d0___gda___1427610076_d69f507dba99a9bcac92fa1278d5ead8"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":3539,"name":"Food Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Systems?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":11643,"name":"Carbon Sequestration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Sequestration?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":51175,"name":"Organic Farming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Farming?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":615835,"name":"Life Cycle Assessment ( LCA )","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment_LCA_-1?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1557164,"name":"Renewable Energy and Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy_and_Climate_Change?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5311945" data-work_id="5311945" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5311945/Solar_energy_assessment_using_remote_sensing_technologies">Solar energy assessment using remote sensing technologies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">About 20% of the final energy consumed in Europe is used in buildings. The active and passive use of solar energy is an approach to reduce the fossil energy consumption and the greenhouse gas emissions originated by buildings.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5311945" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">About 20% of the final energy consumed in Europe is used in buildings. The active and passive use of solar energy is an approach to reduce the fossil energy consumption and the greenhouse gas emissions originated by buildings. Consideration of solar energy technologies in urban planning demands accurate information of the available solar resources. This can be achieved by the use of remote sensing data from geostationary satellites which show a very high spatial and a sufficient temporal resolution compared to ground station data. This paper gives a brief introduction to the HELIOSAT method applied to derive surface solar irradiance from satellite images and shows examples of applications: The use of daylight in buildings, the generation of correlated time series of solar irradiance and temperature as input data for simulations of solar energy systems and a short-term forecast of solar irradiance which can be used in intelligent building control techniques. Finally an outlook is given on potential improvements expected from the next generation of European meteorological satellites Meteosat Second Generation (MSG). D</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5311945" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="86d08028580c44e3f36f1dc1f0baaa11" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49351625,"asset_id":5311945,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49351625/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7328875" href="https://agder.academia.edu/HansGeorgBeyer">Hans Georg Beyer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7328875" type="text/json">{"id":7328875,"first_name":"Hans Georg","last_name":"Beyer","domain_name":"agder","page_name":"HansGeorgBeyer","display_name":"Hans Georg Beyer","profile_url":"https://agder.academia.edu/HansGeorgBeyer?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5311945 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5311945"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5311945, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5311945", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5311945 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5311945; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5311945"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5311945 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5311945"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5311945; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5311945]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5311945").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5311945").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5311945"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1252" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing">Remote Sensing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1252" type="text/json">{"id":1252,"name":"Remote Sensing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4456" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Series">Time Series</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4456" type="text/json">{"id":4456,"name":"Time Series","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Series?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4808" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Planning">Urban Planning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4808" type="text/json">{"id":4808,"name":"Urban Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Planning?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11397" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Consumption">Energy Consumption</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11397" type="text/json">{"id":11397,"name":"Energy Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Consumption?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5311945]'), work: {"id":5311945,"title":"Solar energy assessment using remote sensing technologies","created_at":"2013-12-03T21:24:56.520-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5311945/Solar_energy_assessment_using_remote_sensing_technologies?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_5311945","summary":"About 20% of the final energy consumed in Europe is used in buildings. The active and passive use of solar energy is an approach to reduce the fossil energy consumption and the greenhouse gas emissions originated by buildings. Consideration of solar energy technologies in urban planning demands accurate information of the available solar resources. This can be achieved by the use of remote sensing data from geostationary satellites which show a very high spatial and a sufficient temporal resolution compared to ground station data. This paper gives a brief introduction to the HELIOSAT method applied to derive surface solar irradiance from satellite images and shows examples of applications: The use of daylight in buildings, the generation of correlated time series of solar irradiance and temperature as input data for simulations of solar energy systems and a short-term forecast of solar irradiance which can be used in intelligent building control techniques. Finally an outlook is given on potential improvements expected from the next generation of European meteorological satellites Meteosat Second Generation (MSG). D","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49351625,"asset_id":5311945,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7328875,"first_name":"Hans Georg","last_name":"Beyer","domain_name":"agder","page_name":"HansGeorgBeyer","display_name":"Hans Georg Beyer","profile_url":"https://agder.academia.edu/HansGeorgBeyer?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1252,"name":"Remote Sensing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":4456,"name":"Time Series","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Series?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":4808,"name":"Urban Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Planning?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":11397,"name":"Energy Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Consumption?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":13839,"name":"Temporal Resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporal_Resolution?f_ri=184265"},{"id":63431,"name":"Solar Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solar_Energy?f_ri=184265"},{"id":106771,"name":"INTELLIGENT BUILDING","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/INTELLIGENT_BUILDING?f_ri=184265"},{"id":162010,"name":"Geomatic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geomatic_Engineering?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":431072,"name":"Next Generation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Next_Generation?f_ri=184265"},{"id":574000,"name":"THERMAL INFRARED REMOTE SENSING DATA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/THERMAL_INFRARED_REMOTE_SENSING_DATA?f_ri=184265"},{"id":2513150,"name":"Solar Irradiance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solar_Irradiance?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9820515" data-work_id="9820515" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9820515/An_interdisciplinary_approach_to_regional_land_use_analysis_using_GIS_with_applications_to_the_Atlantic_Zone_of_Costa_Rica">An interdisciplinary approach to regional land use analysis using GIS, with applications to the Atlantic Zone of Costa Rica</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Policy makers and other stakeholders concerned with regional rural development increasingly face the need for instruments that can improve transparency in the policy debate and that enhance understanding of opportunities for and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9820515" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Policy makers and other stakeholders concerned with regional rural development increasingly face the need for instruments that can improve transparency in the policy debate and that enhance understanding of opportunities for and limitations to development. To this end, a methodology called SOLUS (Sustainable Options for Land Use) was developed by an interdisciplinary team of scientists over a 10-year period in the Atlantic Zone of Costa Rica. The main tools of SOLUS include a linear programming (LP) model, two expert systems that define technical coefficients for a large number of production activities, and a geographic information system (GIS). A five-step procedure was developed for GIS to spatially reference biophysical and economic parameters, to create input for the expert systems and the LP model, to store and spatially reference model output data, and to create maps of both model input and output data. SOLUS can be used to evaluate the potential effects of alternative policies and incentive structures on the performance of the agricultural sector. A number of practical applications demonstrate SOLUS's capability to quantify trade-offs between economic objectives (income, employment) and environmental sustainability (soil nutrient balances, pesticide use, greenhouse gas emissions). GIS-created maps visualize the spatial aspects of such trade-offs and indicate hotspots where local goals may conflict with regional goals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9820515" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="43016de294ce22d4cbd28571899075de" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47636495,"asset_id":9820515,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47636495/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23682594" href="https://irri.academia.edu/BasBoumanIRRI">Bas Bouman (IRRI)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23682594" type="text/json">{"id":23682594,"first_name":"Bas","last_name":"Bouman (IRRI)","domain_name":"irri","page_name":"BasBoumanIRRI","display_name":"Bas Bouman (IRRI)","profile_url":"https://irri.academia.edu/BasBoumanIRRI?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23682594/6463400/7310125/s65_bas.bouman_irri_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9820515 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9820515"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9820515, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9820515", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9820515 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9820515; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9820515"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9820515 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9820515"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9820515; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9820515]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9820515").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9820515").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9820515"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7312" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Economics">Agricultural Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7312" type="text/json">{"id":7312,"name":"Agricultural Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Economics?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7453" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Development">Rural Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7453" type="text/json">{"id":7453,"name":"Rural Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Development?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18845" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability">Environmental Sustainability</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18845" type="text/json">{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics">Applied Economics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27659" type="text/json">{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9820515]'), work: {"id":9820515,"title":"An interdisciplinary approach to regional land use analysis using GIS, with applications to the Atlantic Zone of Costa Rica","created_at":"2014-12-17T22:43:16.914-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9820515/An_interdisciplinary_approach_to_regional_land_use_analysis_using_GIS_with_applications_to_the_Atlantic_Zone_of_Costa_Rica?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_9820515","summary":"Policy makers and other stakeholders concerned with regional rural development increasingly face the need for instruments that can improve transparency in the policy debate and that enhance understanding of opportunities for and limitations to development. To this end, a methodology called SOLUS (Sustainable Options for Land Use) was developed by an interdisciplinary team of scientists over a 10-year period in the Atlantic Zone of Costa Rica. The main tools of SOLUS include a linear programming (LP) model, two expert systems that define technical coefficients for a large number of production activities, and a geographic information system (GIS). A five-step procedure was developed for GIS to spatially reference biophysical and economic parameters, to create input for the expert systems and the LP model, to store and spatially reference model output data, and to create maps of both model input and output data. SOLUS can be used to evaluate the potential effects of alternative policies and incentive structures on the performance of the agricultural sector. A number of practical applications demonstrate SOLUS's capability to quantify trade-offs between economic objectives (income, employment) and environmental sustainability (soil nutrient balances, pesticide use, greenhouse gas emissions). GIS-created maps visualize the spatial aspects of such trade-offs and indicate hotspots where local goals may conflict with regional goals.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47636495,"asset_id":9820515,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23682594,"first_name":"Bas","last_name":"Bouman (IRRI)","domain_name":"irri","page_name":"BasBoumanIRRI","display_name":"Bas Bouman (IRRI)","profile_url":"https://irri.academia.edu/BasBoumanIRRI?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23682594/6463400/7310125/s65_bas.bouman_irri_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7312,"name":"Agricultural Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Economics?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":7453,"name":"Rural Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Development?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":109291,"name":"Land Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Use?f_ri=184265"},{"id":121337,"name":"expert System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/expert_System?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":231318,"name":"Agricultural","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural?f_ri=184265"},{"id":317002,"name":"Reference model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_model?f_ri=184265"},{"id":769763,"name":"Soil Nutrients","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Nutrients?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1141704,"name":"AGRICULTURAL SECTOR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/AGRICULTURAL_SECTOR?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1211138,"name":"Geographic Information System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Information_System?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1451580,"name":"LINEAR PROGRAM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/LINEAR_PROGRAM?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68207846" data-work_id="68207846" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68207846/Economic_aspects_of_the_rehabilitation_of_the_Hiriya_landfill">Economic aspects of the rehabilitation of the Hiriya landfill</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Hiriya landfill, IsraelÕs largest, operated from 1952 to 1998. The landfill, located in the heart of the Dan Region, developed over the years into a major landscape nuisance and environmental hazard. In 1998, the Israeli government... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68207846" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Hiriya landfill, IsraelÕs largest, operated from 1952 to 1998. The landfill, located in the heart of the Dan Region, developed over the years into a major landscape nuisance and environmental hazard. In 1998, the Israeli government decided to close the landfill, and in 2001 rehabilitation activities began at the site, including site investigations, engineering and scientific evaluations, and end-use planning. The purpose of the present research is to perform a cost-benefit analysis of engineering and architectural-landscape rehabilitation projects considered for the site. An engineering rehabilitation project is required for the reduction of environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions, slope instability and leachate formation. An architectural-landscape rehabilitation project would consider improvements to the site to make it suitable for future end uses such as a public park. The findings reveal that reclamation is worthwhile only in the case of architectural-landscape rehabilitation of the landfill, converting it into a public park. Engineering rehabilitation alone was found to be unjustified, but is essential to enable the development of a public park.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68207846" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b123db888bf5c499004e5bb71e7e1239" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78767225,"asset_id":68207846,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78767225/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3964873" href="https://haifa.academia.edu/OfiraAyalon">Ofira Ayalon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3964873" type="text/json">{"id":3964873,"first_name":"Ofira","last_name":"Ayalon","domain_name":"haifa","page_name":"OfiraAyalon","display_name":"Ofira Ayalon","profile_url":"https://haifa.academia.edu/OfiraAyalon?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3964873/1490253/166486682/s65_ofira.ayalon.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68207846 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68207846"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68207846, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68207846", }); 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The landfill, located in the heart of the Dan Region, developed over the years into a major landscape nuisance and environmental hazard. In 1998, the Israeli government decided to close the landfill, and in 2001 rehabilitation activities began at the site, including site investigations, engineering and scientific evaluations, and end-use planning. The purpose of the present research is to perform a cost-benefit analysis of engineering and architectural-landscape rehabilitation projects considered for the site. An engineering rehabilitation project is required for the reduction of environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions, slope instability and leachate formation. An architectural-landscape rehabilitation project would consider improvements to the site to make it suitable for future end uses such as a public park. The findings reveal that reclamation is worthwhile only in the case of architectural-landscape rehabilitation of the landfill, converting it into a public park. Engineering rehabilitation alone was found to be unjustified, but is essential to enable the development of a public park.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78767225,"asset_id":68207846,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3964873,"first_name":"Ofira","last_name":"Ayalon","domain_name":"haifa","page_name":"OfiraAyalon","display_name":"Ofira Ayalon","profile_url":"https://haifa.academia.edu/OfiraAyalon?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3964873/1490253/166486682/s65_ofira.ayalon.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":11976,"name":"Air pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_pollution?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":12047,"name":"Regional development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_development?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=184265"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=184265"},{"id":34642,"name":"Israel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel?f_ri=184265"},{"id":74630,"name":"Site Investigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Site_Investigation?f_ri=184265"},{"id":88279,"name":"Environmental Hazards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Hazards?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":251651,"name":"Environmental Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact?f_ri=184265"},{"id":343667,"name":"Theoretical Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Models?f_ri=184265"},{"id":354794,"name":"Greenhouse gases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_gases?f_ri=184265"},{"id":457859,"name":"Cost Benefit Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Benefit_Analysis?f_ri=184265"},{"id":605600,"name":"Refuse disposal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refuse_disposal?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68271267" data-work_id="68271267" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/68271267/Life_cycle_assessment_of_pasture_based_agrivoltaic_systems_Emissions_and_energy_use_of_integrated_rabbit_production">Life cycle assessment of pasture-based agrivoltaic systems: Emissions and energy use of integrated rabbit production</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Agrivoltaic systems, which deliberately maximize the utility of a single parcel of land for both solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity production and agriculture, have been demonstrated as a viable technology that can ameliorate competing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68271267" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Agrivoltaic systems, which deliberately maximize the utility of a single parcel of land for both solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity production and agriculture, have been demonstrated as a viable technology that can ameliorate competing land uses and meet growing energy and food demands efficiently. The goal of this study is to assess the environmental impacts of a novel pasture-based agrivoltaic concept: co-farming rabbits and solar PV. A life cycle assessment (LCA) quantified the impacts of 1) the integrated agrivoltaic concept in comparison to conventional practices including 2) separate rabbit farming and PV production and 3) separate rabbit farming and conventional electricity production. The impact assessment methods employed to determine the environmental impacts were IPCC 2013 global warming potential 100a V1.03 and fossil energy demand V1.11. The results indicate that the pasture-based agrivoltaic system produces the least amount of greenhouse gas emissions (3.8 million kg ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68271267" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5229444" href="https://mtu.academia.edu/CSchelly">Chelsea Schelly</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5229444" type="text/json">{"id":5229444,"first_name":"Chelsea","last_name":"Schelly","domain_name":"mtu","page_name":"CSchelly","display_name":"Chelsea Schelly","profile_url":"https://mtu.academia.edu/CSchelly?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5229444/8027029/8990124/s65_chelsea.schelly.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68271267 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68271267"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68271267, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68271267", }); 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The goal of this study is to assess the environmental impacts of a novel pasture-based agrivoltaic concept: co-farming rabbits and solar PV. A life cycle assessment (LCA) quantified the impacts of 1) the integrated agrivoltaic concept in comparison to conventional practices including 2) separate rabbit farming and PV production and 3) separate rabbit farming and conventional electricity production. The impact assessment methods employed to determine the environmental impacts were IPCC 2013 global warming potential 100a V1.03 and fossil energy demand V1.11. The results indicate that the pasture-based agrivoltaic system produces the least amount of greenhouse gas emissions (3.8 million kg ...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5229444,"first_name":"Chelsea","last_name":"Schelly","domain_name":"mtu","page_name":"CSchelly","display_name":"Chelsea Schelly","profile_url":"https://mtu.academia.edu/CSchelly?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5229444/8027029/8990124/s65_chelsea.schelly.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1457,"name":"Photovoltaics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photovoltaics?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":3682,"name":"Energy Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":5412,"name":"Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":10529,"name":"Life Cycle Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment?f_ri=184265"},{"id":14084,"name":"Energy and Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_and_Environment?f_ri=184265"},{"id":18186,"name":"Renewable energy resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_energy_resources?f_ri=184265"},{"id":33556,"name":"Photovoltaics Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photovoltaics_Research?f_ri=184265"},{"id":63431,"name":"Solar Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solar_Energy?f_ri=184265"},{"id":70030,"name":"Land Use Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Use_Planning?f_ri=184265"},{"id":109291,"name":"Land Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Use?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":373786,"name":"Pasture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pasture?f_ri=184265"},{"id":615835,"name":"Life Cycle Assessment ( LCA )","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment_LCA_-1?f_ri=184265"},{"id":716727,"name":"Agrivoltaic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agrivoltaic?f_ri=184265"},{"id":788677,"name":"Rabbits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbits?f_ri=184265"},{"id":960922,"name":"Photovoltaic Applications In Built Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photovoltaic_Applications_In_Built_Environment?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1179745,"name":"Land Use Land Cover Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Use_Land_Cover_Change?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1557164,"name":"Renewable Energy and Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy_and_Climate_Change?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7665402" data-work_id="7665402" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7665402/Life_cycle_inventory_and_analysis_of_re_usable_plastic_containers_and_display_ready_corrugated_containers_used_for_packaging_fresh_fruits_and_vegetables">Life cycle inventory and analysis of re-usable plastic containers and display-ready corrugated containers used for packaging fresh fruits and vegetables</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Goal definition and scoping: identifying the LCA's purpose and the expected products of the study, and determining the boundaries (what is and is not included in the study) and assumptions based upon the goal definition Life-cycle... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7665402" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Goal definition and scoping: identifying the LCA's purpose and the expected products of the study, and determining the boundaries (what is and is not included in the study) and assumptions based upon the goal definition Life-cycle inventory: identifying and quantifying the energy and raw material inputs and environmental releases associated with each stage of production Impact analysis: assessing the impacts on human health and the environment associated with energy and raw material inputs and environmental releases quantified by the inventory Improvement analysis: evaluating opportunities to reduce energy, material inputs, or environmental impacts at each stage of the product life-cycle</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7665402" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9c64f811b765076977101de064b6f3d2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48378533,"asset_id":7665402,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7665402"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7665402, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7665402", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7665402 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7665402; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7665402"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7665402 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7665402"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7665402; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7665402]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7665402").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7665402").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7665402"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60" type="text/json">{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Packaging">Packaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5021" type="text/json">{"id":5021,"name":"Packaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Packaging?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23079" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corrugated_Board">Corrugated Board</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23079" type="text/json">{"id":23079,"name":"Corrugated Board","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corrugated_Board?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7665402]'), work: {"id":7665402,"title":"Life cycle inventory and analysis of re-usable plastic containers and display-ready corrugated containers used for packaging fresh fruits and vegetables","created_at":"2014-07-14T17:53:01.865-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7665402/Life_cycle_inventory_and_analysis_of_re_usable_plastic_containers_and_display_ready_corrugated_containers_used_for_packaging_fresh_fruits_and_vegetables?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_7665402","summary":"Goal definition and scoping: identifying the LCA's purpose and the expected products of the study, and determining the boundaries (what is and is not included in the study) and assumptions based upon the goal definition Life-cycle inventory: identifying and quantifying the energy and raw material inputs and environmental releases associated with each stage of production Impact analysis: assessing the impacts on human health and the environment associated with energy and raw material inputs and environmental releases quantified by the inventory Improvement analysis: evaluating opportunities to reduce energy, material inputs, or environmental impacts at each stage of the product life-cycle","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48378533,"asset_id":7665402,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13916994,"first_name":"jagjit","last_name":"singh","domain_name":"iitk","page_name":"jagjitsingh","display_name":"jagjit singh","profile_url":"https://iitk.academia.edu/jagjitsingh?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":5021,"name":"Packaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Packaging?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":23079,"name":"Corrugated Board","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corrugated_Board?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":34478,"name":"Food Science and Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=184265"},{"id":106716,"name":"Requirement Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Requirement_Engineering?f_ri=184265"},{"id":170389,"name":"Materials Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Design?f_ri=184265"},{"id":177350,"name":"Reuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reuse?f_ri=184265"},{"id":182962,"name":"Life Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle?f_ri=184265"},{"id":182968,"name":"Life Cycle Inventory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Inventory?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":188240,"name":"Tomato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tomato?f_ri=184265"},{"id":251654,"name":"Greenhouse Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas?f_ri=184265"},{"id":409570,"name":"Onion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Onion?f_ri=184265"},{"id":474134,"name":"Conditioning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conditioning?f_ri=184265"},{"id":573653,"name":"Food Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sciences?f_ri=184265"},{"id":648834,"name":"North American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1902880,"name":"Fresh Produce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fresh_Produce?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69891395" data-work_id="69891395" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69891395/Economic_and_Environmental_Impacts_of_Dietary_Changes_in">Economic and Environmental Impacts of Dietary Changes in</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Iran&apos;s simple and environmentally extended commodity by commodity input-output (IO) model was used to determine the impacts of dietary changes on the Iranian economy and on the environmental load. The original model is based on the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69891395" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Iran&apos;s simple and environmentally extended commodity by commodity input-output (IO) model was used to determine the impacts of dietary changes on the Iranian economy and on the environmental load. The original model is based on the status-quo diet and was modified to include the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and Mediterranean alternative dietary scenarios. A range of impacts occurred depending upon the relative changes in food items. The direction of changes was similar in the three alternative scenarios. The greatest and smallest impact occurred in the WHO and the Mediterranean scenarios respectively. Total changes in output in WHO, WCRF and Mediterranean dietary scenarios were calculated to be 7010.1, 4802.8 and 3330.8 billion Rials respectively. The outputs of rice, vegetables, fruit, bread and macaroni decreased, but those of live and other animal products increased. The output of non-food commodities and services increased as well. ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69891395" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="02abef413b3e9e43ab328489dc2b125d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79814864,"asset_id":69891395,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79814864/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17898381" href="https://independent.academia.edu/rohamrahmani">roham rahmani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17898381" type="text/json">{"id":17898381,"first_name":"roham","last_name":"rahmani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"rohamrahmani","display_name":"roham rahmani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/rohamrahmani?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17898381/7832025/8776050/s65_roham.rahmani.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69891395 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69891395"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69891395, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69891395", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69891395 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69891395; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_69891395"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_69891395 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69891395"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69891395; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69891395]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69891395").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69891395").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69891395"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2585" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development">International Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2585" type="text/json">{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Production">Animal Production</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29980" type="text/json">{"id":29980,"name":"Animal Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Production?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Input-Output_Analysis">Input-Output Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40523" type="text/json">{"id":40523,"name":"Input-Output Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Input-Output_Analysis?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41274" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iran">Iran</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41274" type="text/json">{"id":41274,"name":"Iran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iran?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69891395]'), work: {"id":69891395,"title":"Economic and Environmental Impacts of Dietary Changes in","created_at":"2022-01-29T03:03:29.601-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69891395/Economic_and_Environmental_Impacts_of_Dietary_Changes_in?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_69891395","summary":"Iran\u0026apos;s simple and environmentally extended commodity by commodity input-output (IO) model was used to determine the impacts of dietary changes on the Iranian economy and on the environmental load. The original model is based on the status-quo diet and was modified to include the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and Mediterranean alternative dietary scenarios. A range of impacts occurred depending upon the relative changes in food items. The direction of changes was similar in the three alternative scenarios. The greatest and smallest impact occurred in the WHO and the Mediterranean scenarios respectively. Total changes in output in WHO, WCRF and Mediterranean dietary scenarios were calculated to be 7010.1, 4802.8 and 3330.8 billion Rials respectively. The outputs of rice, vegetables, fruit, bread and macaroni decreased, but those of live and other animal products increased. The output of non-food commodities and services increased as well. ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79814864,"asset_id":69891395,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17898381,"first_name":"roham","last_name":"rahmani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"rohamrahmani","display_name":"roham rahmani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/rohamrahmani?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17898381/7832025/8776050/s65_roham.rahmani.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":29980,"name":"Animal Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Production?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":40523,"name":"Input-Output Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Input-Output_Analysis?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":41274,"name":"Iran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iran?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":43203,"name":"Research Funding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Funding?f_ri=184265"},{"id":148227,"name":"Environmental Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Effect?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":251651,"name":"Environmental Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact?f_ri=184265"},{"id":366098,"name":"Green Space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_Space?f_ri=184265"},{"id":437771,"name":"Dietary Changes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dietary_Changes?f_ri=184265"},{"id":521881,"name":"World Health Organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Health_Organization?f_ri=184265"},{"id":555492,"name":"Natural Resource","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Resource?f_ri=184265"},{"id":780669,"name":"Input Output","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Input_Output?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1013777,"name":"Forest Cover","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_Cover?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40616430" data-work_id="40616430" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40616430/DEVELOPMENT_OF_ECO_FRIENDLY_EMISSION_CONTROL_UNIT_USING_TIO2_COATED_CATALYTIC_CONVERTER">DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-FRIENDLY EMISSION CONTROL UNIT USING TIO2 COATED CATALYTIC CONVERTER</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Greenhouse gas emissions from transportation primarily come from burning fossil fuel in cars, bikes, buses, trucks, ships, and planes. When a liter of gasoline is burned, about 2.3 kg of CO2 is released, For IC engine two-wheelers, fuel... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40616430" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Greenhouse gas emissions from transportation primarily come from burning fossil fuel in cars, bikes, buses, trucks, ships, and planes. When a liter of gasoline is burned, about 2.3 kg of CO2 is released, For IC engine two-wheelers, fuel cycle CO2 emissions are projected to rise from 6.68 to 111.63 million metric tons in 2021. In order to minimize CO2 from two wheelers, this work deals with development of a prototype which is constructed and tested to measure CO2 absorption compared with theoretical predictions. Titanium dioxide coated layer is used in a conventional catalytic converter which demonstrates the Photo Catalytic Effect of Titanium dioxide for reducing CO2.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40616430" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2700d5a5cecb17c1e032b1ff547b3249" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60895564,"asset_id":40616430,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60895564/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38758610" href="https://independent.academia.edu/satishsathanadam">satish sathanadam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38758610" type="text/json">{"id":38758610,"first_name":"satish","last_name":"sathanadam","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"satishsathanadam","display_name":"satish sathanadam","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/satishsathanadam?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40616430 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40616430"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40616430, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40616430", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40616430 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40616430; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40616430"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40616430 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40616430"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40616430; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40616430]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40616430").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40616430").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40616430"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66036" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Coatings">Surface Coatings</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="66036" type="text/json">{"id":66036,"name":"Surface Coatings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Coatings?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="110017" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CO2_emissions">CO2 emissions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="110017" type="text/json">{"id":110017,"name":"CO2 emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CO2_emissions?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184265" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions">Greenhouse Gas Emissions</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="184265" type="text/json">{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40616430]'), work: {"id":40616430,"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-FRIENDLY EMISSION CONTROL UNIT USING TIO2 COATED CATALYTIC CONVERTER","created_at":"2019-10-14T04:06:14.405-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40616430/DEVELOPMENT_OF_ECO_FRIENDLY_EMISSION_CONTROL_UNIT_USING_TIO2_COATED_CATALYTIC_CONVERTER?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_40616430","summary":"Greenhouse gas emissions from transportation primarily come from burning fossil fuel in cars, bikes, buses, trucks, ships, and planes. When a liter of gasoline is burned, about 2.3 kg of CO2 is released, For IC engine two-wheelers, fuel cycle CO2 emissions are projected to rise from 6.68 to 111.63 million metric tons in 2021. In order to minimize CO2 from two wheelers, this work deals with development of a prototype which is constructed and tested to measure CO2 absorption compared with theoretical predictions. Titanium dioxide coated layer is used in a conventional catalytic converter which demonstrates the Photo Catalytic Effect of Titanium dioxide for reducing CO2.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60895564,"asset_id":40616430,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38758610,"first_name":"satish","last_name":"sathanadam","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"satishsathanadam","display_name":"satish sathanadam","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/satishsathanadam?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":66036,"name":"Surface Coatings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Coatings?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":110017,"name":"CO2 emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CO2_emissions?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_330651" data-work_id="330651" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/330651/Life_Cycle_Comparison_of_Fuel_Cell_Vehicles_and_Internal_Combustion_Engine_Vehicles_for_Canada_and_the_United_States">Life Cycle Comparison of Fuel Cell Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles for Canada and the United States</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The objective of this study is to put forward a full analysis of the impact of the difference between the Canadian and American energy realities on the life cycle of fuel cell vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles. Electricity... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_330651" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The objective of this study is to put forward a full analysis of the impact of the difference between the Canadian and American energy realities on the life cycle of fuel cell vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles. Electricity is a major type of energy used in the transportation sector. Electricity is needed in the production of feedstock of fuel, the production of the fuel, the production of the vehicle material and the assembly of the vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the impact of the electricity mix difference between Canada and the United States. In the analysis, the life cycle of the fuel consists of obtaining the raw material, extracting the fuel from the raw material, transporting and storing the fuel as well as using the fuel in the vehicle. Four different methods of obtaining hydrogen were analyzed; using coal and nuclear power to produce electricity and extract hydrogen through electrolysis and via steam reforming of natural gas in a natural gas plant and in a hydrogen refueling station. It is found that fuel cell vehicle fuelled by hydrogen has lower energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions than internal combustion engine vehicle fuelled by conventional gasoline except for hydrogen production using coal as the primary energy source in Canada and the United States. Using the Canadian electricity mix will result in lower carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption than using the American electricity mix. For the present vehicles, using the Canadian electricity mix will save up to 215.18 GJ of energy and 20.87 t of CO2 on a per capita basis and 26.53 GJ of energy and 6.8 t of CO2 on a per vehicle basis. Similarly, for the future vehicles, using the Canadian electricity mix will lower the total carbon dioxide emissions by 21.15 t and the energy consumed is reduced by 218.49 GJ on a per capita basis and 26.53 GJ of energy and 7.22 t of CO2 on a per vehicle basis. The well-to-tank efficiencies are higher with the Canadian electricity mix.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/330651" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="22a8a9e19371bb5307eda32d392d89cb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51447521,"asset_id":330651,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51447521/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="121288" href="https://uwaterloo.academia.edu/NadaZamel">Nada Zamel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="121288" type="text/json">{"id":121288,"first_name":"Nada","last_name":"Zamel","domain_name":"uwaterloo","page_name":"NadaZamel","display_name":"Nada Zamel","profile_url":"https://uwaterloo.academia.edu/NadaZamel?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_330651 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="330651"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 330651, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_330651", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_330651 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 330651; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_330651"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_330651 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="330651"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 330651; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=330651]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_330651").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_330651").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="330651"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">25</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10432" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transportation">Transportation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10432" type="text/json">{"id":10432,"name":"Transportation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transportation?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11397" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Consumption">Energy Consumption</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11397" type="text/json">{"id":11397,"name":"Energy Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Consumption?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=330651]'), work: {"id":330651,"title":"Life Cycle Comparison of Fuel Cell Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles for Canada and the United States","created_at":"2010-09-18T07:54:30.848-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/330651/Life_Cycle_Comparison_of_Fuel_Cell_Vehicles_and_Internal_Combustion_Engine_Vehicles_for_Canada_and_the_United_States?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_330651","summary":"The objective of this study is to put forward a full analysis of the impact of the difference between the Canadian and American energy realities on the life cycle of fuel cell vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles. Electricity is a major type of energy used in the transportation sector. Electricity is needed in the production of feedstock of fuel, the production of the fuel, the production of the vehicle material and the assembly of the vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the impact of the electricity mix difference between Canada and the United States. In the analysis, the life cycle of the fuel consists of obtaining the raw material, extracting the fuel from the raw material, transporting and storing the fuel as well as using the fuel in the vehicle. Four different methods of obtaining hydrogen were analyzed; using coal and nuclear power to produce electricity and extract hydrogen through electrolysis and via steam reforming of natural gas in a natural gas plant and in a hydrogen refueling station. It is found that fuel cell vehicle fuelled by hydrogen has lower energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions than internal combustion engine vehicle fuelled by conventional gasoline except for hydrogen production using coal as the primary energy source in Canada and the United States. Using the Canadian electricity mix will result in lower carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption than using the American electricity mix. For the present vehicles, using the Canadian electricity mix will save up to 215.18 GJ of energy and 20.87 t of CO2 on a per capita basis and 26.53 GJ of energy and 6.8 t of CO2 on a per vehicle basis. Similarly, for the future vehicles, using the Canadian electricity mix will lower the total carbon dioxide emissions by 21.15 t and the energy consumed is reduced by 218.49 GJ on a per capita basis and 26.53 GJ of energy and 7.22 t of CO2 on a per vehicle basis. The well-to-tank efficiencies are higher with the Canadian electricity mix.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51447521,"asset_id":330651,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":121288,"first_name":"Nada","last_name":"Zamel","domain_name":"uwaterloo","page_name":"NadaZamel","display_name":"Nada Zamel","profile_url":"https://uwaterloo.academia.edu/NadaZamel?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":10432,"name":"Transportation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transportation?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":11397,"name":"Energy Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Consumption?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":25122,"name":"Energy efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_efficiency?f_ri=184265"},{"id":35757,"name":"Internal Combustion Engine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internal_Combustion_Engine?f_ri=184265"},{"id":59128,"name":"Natural Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Gas?f_ri=184265"},{"id":80691,"name":"Raw materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raw_materials?f_ri=184265"},{"id":84820,"name":"Nuclear power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_power?f_ri=184265"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=184265"},{"id":146245,"name":"Hydrogen Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Production?f_ri=184265"},{"id":182962,"name":"Life Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=184265"},{"id":295924,"name":"Energy Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Use?f_ri=184265"},{"id":353336,"name":"Fuel Cell Vehicle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuel_Cell_Vehicle?f_ri=184265"},{"id":392312,"name":"Total Organic Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Total_Organic_Carbon?f_ri=184265"},{"id":459384,"name":"Energy efficient","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_efficient?f_ri=184265"},{"id":488106,"name":"Service Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Service_Life?f_ri=184265"},{"id":622093,"name":"Energy Efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Efficiency-1?f_ri=184265"},{"id":646205,"name":"Life Cycle Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Analysis?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1003892,"name":"Energy Source","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Source?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1407115,"name":"Steam Reforming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steam_Reforming?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1852738,"name":"Power Sources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Sources?f_ri=184265"},{"id":2004933,"name":"Hybrid System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybrid_System?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10749189" data-work_id="10749189" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10749189/Climate_change_mitigation_strategies_in_fast_growing_countries_The_benefits_of_early_action">Climate change mitigation strategies in fast-growing countries: The benefits of early action</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper builds on the assumption that OECD countries are (or will soon be) taking actions to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. These actions, however, will not be sufficient to control global warming, unless developing countries... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10749189" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper builds on the assumption that OECD countries are (or will soon be) taking actions to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. These actions, however, will not be sufficient to control global warming, unless developing countries also get involved in the cooperative effort to reduce GHG emissions. This paper investigates the best short-term strategies that emerging economies can adopt in reacting to OECD countries' mitigation effort, given the common long-term goal to prevent excessive warming without hampering economic growth. Results indicate that developing countries would incur substantial economic losses by following a myopic strategy that disregards climate in the short-run, and that their optimal investment behaviour is to anticipate the implementation of a climate policy by roughly 10 years. Investing in innovation ahead of time is also found to be advantageous. The degree of policy anticipation is shown to be important in determining the financial transfers of an international carbon market meant to provide incentives for the participation of developing countries. This is especially relevant for China, whose recent and foreseeable trends of investments in innovation are consistent with the adoption of domestic emission reduction obligations in 2030.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10749189" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fbf2554e4edf32830a8757c1316fff59" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47155913,"asset_id":10749189,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47155913/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26190976" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VBosetti">Valentina Bosetti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26190976" type="text/json">{"id":26190976,"first_name":"Valentina","last_name":"Bosetti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VBosetti","display_name":"Valentina Bosetti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VBosetti?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26190976/7206375/8113124/s65_valentina.bosetti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10749189 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10749189"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10749189, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10749189", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10749189 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10749189; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10749189"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10749189 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10749189"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10749189; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10749189]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10749189").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10749189").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10749189"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60" type="text/json">{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="754" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Economics">Energy Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="754" type="text/json">{"id":754,"name":"Energy Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Economics?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4484" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Growth">Economic Growth</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4484" type="text/json">{"id":4484,"name":"Economic Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Growth?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5405" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emerging_Economies">Emerging Economies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5405" type="text/json">{"id":5405,"name":"Emerging Economies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emerging_Economies?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10749189]'), work: {"id":10749189,"title":"Climate change mitigation strategies in fast-growing countries: The benefits of early action","created_at":"2015-02-12T16:16:07.491-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10749189/Climate_change_mitigation_strategies_in_fast_growing_countries_The_benefits_of_early_action?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_10749189","summary":"This paper builds on the assumption that OECD countries are (or will soon be) taking actions to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. These actions, however, will not be sufficient to control global warming, unless developing countries also get involved in the cooperative effort to reduce GHG emissions. This paper investigates the best short-term strategies that emerging economies can adopt in reacting to OECD countries' mitigation effort, given the common long-term goal to prevent excessive warming without hampering economic growth. Results indicate that developing countries would incur substantial economic losses by following a myopic strategy that disregards climate in the short-run, and that their optimal investment behaviour is to anticipate the implementation of a climate policy by roughly 10 years. Investing in innovation ahead of time is also found to be advantageous. The degree of policy anticipation is shown to be important in determining the financial transfers of an international carbon market meant to provide incentives for the participation of developing countries. This is especially relevant for China, whose recent and foreseeable trends of investments in innovation are consistent with the adoption of domestic emission reduction obligations in 2030.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47155913,"asset_id":10749189,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26190976,"first_name":"Valentina","last_name":"Bosetti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VBosetti","display_name":"Valentina Bosetti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VBosetti?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26190976/7206375/8113124/s65_valentina.bosetti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":754,"name":"Energy Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Economics?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":4484,"name":"Economic Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Growth?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":5405,"name":"Emerging Economies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emerging_Economies?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=184265"},{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=184265"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=184265"},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=184265"},{"id":45405,"name":"Global Warming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming?f_ri=184265"},{"id":46271,"name":"Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy?f_ri=184265"},{"id":66862,"name":"Climate Change Mitigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Mitigation?f_ri=184265"},{"id":68256,"name":"Emission reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emission_reduction?f_ri=184265"},{"id":70854,"name":"Developing Country","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Country?f_ri=184265"},{"id":78434,"name":"Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Investment?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":222137,"name":"Optimal investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimal_investment?f_ri=184265"},{"id":231615,"name":"Climate policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_policy?f_ri=184265"},{"id":290137,"name":"Chine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chine?f_ri=184265"},{"id":292710,"name":"Inversion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inversion?f_ri=184265"},{"id":605367,"name":"Economic Loss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Loss?f_ri=184265"},{"id":822114,"name":"OECD countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/OECD_countries?f_ri=184265"},{"id":908385,"name":"Long Term","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1237788,"name":"Electrical And Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_And_Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1745949,"name":"Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innovation-61?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50114627" data-work_id="50114627" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50114627/Comparison_of_methods_for_estimating_carbon_in_harvested_wood_products">Comparison of methods for estimating carbon in harvested wood products</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Carbon accounting Estimation method Greenhouse gas emission inventories Harvested wood products Production approach Stock-change approach Uncertainty analysis a b s t r a c t There is a great diversity of methods for estimating carbon... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50114627" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Carbon accounting Estimation method Greenhouse gas emission inventories Harvested wood products Production approach Stock-change approach Uncertainty analysis a b s t r a c t There is a great diversity of methods for estimating carbon storage in harvested wood products (HWP) and, therefore, it is extremely important to agree internationally on the methods to be used in national greenhouse gas inventories. This study compares three methods for estimating carbon accumulation in HWP: the method suggested by Winjum et al. (Winjum method), the tier 2 method proposed by the IPCC Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (GPG LULUCF) (GPG tier 2 method) and a method consistent with GPG LULUCF tier 3 methods (GPG tier 3 method). Carbon accumulation in HWP was estimated for Portugal under three accounting approaches: stock-change, production and atmospheric-flow. The uncertainty in the estimates was also evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. The estimates of carbon accumulation in HWP obtained with the Winjum method differed substantially from the estimates obtained with the other methods, because this method tends to overestimate carbon accumulation with the stock-change and the production approaches and tends to underestimate carbon accumulation with the atmospheric-flow approach. The estimates of carbon accumulation provided by the GPG methods were similar, but the GPG tier 3 method reported the lowest uncertainties. For the GPG methods, the atmospheric-flow approach produced the largest estimates of carbon accumulation, followed by the production approach and the stock-change approach, by this order. A sensitivity analysis showed that using the ''best'' available data on production and trade of HWP produces larger estimates of carbon accumulation than using data from the Food and Agriculture Organization.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50114627" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="26b0097aca6fd8f28db28587847a2081" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68221246,"asset_id":50114627,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68221246/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41521972" href="https://aveiro.academia.edu/Lu%C3%ADsArroja">Luís Arroja</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41521972" type="text/json">{"id":41521972,"first_name":"Luís","last_name":"Arroja","domain_name":"aveiro","page_name":"LuísArroja","display_name":"Luís Arroja","profile_url":"https://aveiro.academia.edu/Lu%C3%ADsArroja?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50114627 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50114627"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50114627, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50114627", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50114627 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50114627; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50114627"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50114627 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50114627"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50114627; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50114627]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50114627").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50114627").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50114627"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology">Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="923" type="text/json">{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo_Simulation">Monte Carlo Simulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4392" type="text/json">{"id":4392,"name":"Monte Carlo Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo_Simulation?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20099" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_Analysis">Sensitivity Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20099" type="text/json">{"id":20099,"name":"Sensitivity Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_Analysis?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50114627]'), work: {"id":50114627,"title":"Comparison of methods for estimating carbon in harvested wood products","created_at":"2021-07-20T15:18:14.119-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50114627/Comparison_of_methods_for_estimating_carbon_in_harvested_wood_products?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_50114627","summary":"Carbon accounting Estimation method Greenhouse gas emission inventories Harvested wood products Production approach Stock-change approach Uncertainty analysis a b s t r a c t There is a great diversity of methods for estimating carbon storage in harvested wood products (HWP) and, therefore, it is extremely important to agree internationally on the methods to be used in national greenhouse gas inventories. This study compares three methods for estimating carbon accumulation in HWP: the method suggested by Winjum et al. (Winjum method), the tier 2 method proposed by the IPCC Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (GPG LULUCF) (GPG tier 2 method) and a method consistent with GPG LULUCF tier 3 methods (GPG tier 3 method). Carbon accumulation in HWP was estimated for Portugal under three accounting approaches: stock-change, production and atmospheric-flow. The uncertainty in the estimates was also evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. The estimates of carbon accumulation in HWP obtained with the Winjum method differed substantially from the estimates obtained with the other methods, because this method tends to overestimate carbon accumulation with the stock-change and the production approaches and tends to underestimate carbon accumulation with the atmospheric-flow approach. The estimates of carbon accumulation provided by the GPG methods were similar, but the GPG tier 3 method reported the lowest uncertainties. For the GPG methods, the atmospheric-flow approach produced the largest estimates of carbon accumulation, followed by the production approach and the stock-change approach, by this order. A sensitivity analysis showed that using the ''best'' available data on production and trade of HWP produces larger estimates of carbon accumulation than using data from the Food and Agriculture Organization.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68221246,"asset_id":50114627,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41521972,"first_name":"Luís","last_name":"Arroja","domain_name":"aveiro","page_name":"LuísArroja","display_name":"Luís Arroja","profile_url":"https://aveiro.academia.edu/Lu%C3%ADsArroja?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":4392,"name":"Monte Carlo Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo_Simulation?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":20099,"name":"Sensitivity Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_Analysis?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":138838,"name":"Wood Products","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wood_Products?f_ri=184265"},{"id":161716,"name":"Carbon Storage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Storage?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":251654,"name":"Greenhouse Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas?f_ri=184265"},{"id":290552,"name":"Uncertainty analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uncertainty_analysis?f_ri=184265"},{"id":742737,"name":"Food and Agriculture Organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1003988,"name":"Good Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Good_Practice?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1180343,"name":"Estimation Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estimation_Method?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4783178 coauthored" data-work_id="4783178" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4783178/Effect_of_Coconut_Biodiesel_Blended_Fuels_on_Engine_Performance_and_Emission_Characteristics">Effect of Coconut Biodiesel Blended Fuels on Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Alternative fuels have received much attention due to the depletion of world petroleum reserves and increased environmental concerns. Thus processed form of vegetable oil (Biodiesel) offers attractive alternative fuels to compression... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4783178" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Alternative fuels have received much attention due to the depletion of world petroleum reserves and increased environmental concerns. Thus processed form of vegetable oil (Biodiesel) offers attractive alternative fuels to compression ignition engines. The present work investigates the engine performance parameters and emissions characteristics for direct injection diesel engine using coconut biodiesel blends without any engine modifications. A total of three fuel samples, such as DF (100% diesel fuel), CB5 (5% coconut biodiesel and 95% DF), and CB15 (15% CB and 85% DF) respectively are used. Engine performance test has been carried out at 100% load, keeping throttle 100% wide open with variable speeds of 1500 to 2400 rpm at an interval of 100 rpm. Whereas, engine emission tests have been carried out at 2200 rpm at 100% and 80% throttle position. As results of investigations, there has been a decrease in torque and brake power, while increase in specific fuel consumption has been observed for biodiesel blended fuels over the entire speed range compared to net diesel fuel. In case of engine exhaust gas emissions, lower HC, CO and, higher CO2 and NOx emissions have been found for biodiesel blended fuels compared to diesel fuel. Moreover, reduction in sound level for both biodiesel blended fuels has been observed when compared to diesel fuel. Therefore, it can be concluded that CB5 and CB15 can be used in diesel engines without any engine modifications and have beneficial effects both in terms of emission reductions and alternative petroleum diesel fuel.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4783178" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="40f460e16b45d5897c4c44c2631fbd8e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32087877,"asset_id":4783178,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32087877/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3247793" href="https://uts.academia.edu/IslamMdRizwanulFattah">Dr I. M. Rizwanul Fattah</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3247793" type="text/json">{"id":3247793,"first_name":"Dr I. M. Rizwanul","last_name":"Fattah","domain_name":"uts","page_name":"IslamMdRizwanulFattah","display_name":"Dr I. M. Rizwanul Fattah","profile_url":"https://uts.academia.edu/IslamMdRizwanulFattah?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3247793/2559526/10034096/s65_rizwanul.fattah.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-4783178">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-4783178"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://malaya.academia.edu/MasjukiHajiHassan">Masjuki Haji Hassan</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-4783178'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-4783178').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4783178 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4783178"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4783178, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4783178", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4783178 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4783178; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4783178"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4783178 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4783178"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4783178; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4783178]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4783178").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4783178").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4783178"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2738" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy">Renewable Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2738" type="text/json">{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7892" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiesel">Biodiesel</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7892" type="text/json">{"id":7892,"name":"Biodiesel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiesel?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54182" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofuels">Biofuels</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54182" type="text/json">{"id":54182,"name":"Biofuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofuels?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="68255" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NOx_emissions">NOx emissions</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="68255" type="text/json">{"id":68255,"name":"NOx emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NOx_emissions?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4783178]'), work: {"id":4783178,"title":"Effect of Coconut Biodiesel Blended Fuels on Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics","created_at":"2013-10-15T20:44:08.083-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4783178/Effect_of_Coconut_Biodiesel_Blended_Fuels_on_Engine_Performance_and_Emission_Characteristics?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_4783178","summary":"Alternative fuels have received much attention due to the depletion of world petroleum reserves and increased environmental concerns. Thus processed form of vegetable oil (Biodiesel) offers attractive alternative fuels to compression ignition engines. The present work investigates the engine performance parameters and emissions characteristics for direct injection diesel engine using coconut biodiesel blends without any engine modifications. A total of three fuel samples, such as DF (100% diesel fuel), CB5 (5% coconut biodiesel and 95% DF), and CB15 (15% CB and 85% DF) respectively are used. Engine performance test has been carried out at 100% load, keeping throttle 100% wide open with variable speeds of 1500 to 2400 rpm at an interval of 100 rpm. Whereas, engine emission tests have been carried out at 2200 rpm at 100% and 80% throttle position. As results of investigations, there has been a decrease in torque and brake power, while increase in specific fuel consumption has been observed for biodiesel blended fuels over the entire speed range compared to net diesel fuel. In case of engine exhaust gas emissions, lower HC, CO and, higher CO2 and NOx emissions have been found for biodiesel blended fuels compared to diesel fuel. Moreover, reduction in sound level for both biodiesel blended fuels has been observed when compared to diesel fuel. Therefore, it can be concluded that CB5 and CB15 can be used in diesel engines without any engine modifications and have beneficial effects both in terms of emission reductions and alternative petroleum diesel fuel.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32087877,"asset_id":4783178,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3247793,"first_name":"Dr I. M. Rizwanul","last_name":"Fattah","domain_name":"uts","page_name":"IslamMdRizwanulFattah","display_name":"Dr I. M. Rizwanul Fattah","profile_url":"https://uts.academia.edu/IslamMdRizwanulFattah?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3247793/2559526/10034096/s65_rizwanul.fattah.jpg"},{"id":10019604,"first_name":"Masjuki","last_name":"Haji Hassan","domain_name":"malaya","page_name":"MasjukiHajiHassan","display_name":"Masjuki Haji Hassan","profile_url":"https://malaya.academia.edu/MasjukiHajiHassan?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10019604/3297394/3880247/s65_masjuki.haji_hassan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":7892,"name":"Biodiesel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiesel?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":54182,"name":"Biofuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofuels?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":68255,"name":"NOx emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NOx_emissions?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":188361,"name":"Engine Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engine_Performance?f_ri=184265"},{"id":486343,"name":"Coconut","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coconut?f_ri=184265"},{"id":993194,"name":"Exhaust Emission Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exhaust_Emission_Control?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1332519,"name":"Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions and Reductions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_GHG_Emissions_and_Reductions?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2206356" data-work_id="2206356" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2206356/Geological_Storage_of_Carbon_Dioxide">Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2206356" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="278b482898445025891241321fdef4a0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50710027,"asset_id":2206356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50710027/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2818432" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RileyNick">Nick Riley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2818432" type="text/json">{"id":2818432,"first_name":"Nick","last_name":"Riley","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RileyNick","display_name":"Nick Riley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RileyNick?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2206356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2206356"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2206356, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2206356", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2206356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2206356; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2206356"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2206356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2206356"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2206356; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2206356]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2206356").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2206356").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2206356"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="400" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="400" type="text/json">{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4594" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide">Carbon Dioxide</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4594" type="text/json">{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14084" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_and_Environment">Energy and Environment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14084" type="text/json">{"id":14084,"name":"Energy and Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_and_Environment?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2206356]'), work: {"id":2206356,"title":"Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide","created_at":"2012-11-27T12:16:45.701-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2206356/Geological_Storage_of_Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_2206356","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50710027,"asset_id":2206356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2818432,"first_name":"Nick","last_name":"Riley","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RileyNick","display_name":"Nick Riley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RileyNick?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":14084,"name":"Energy and Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_and_Environment?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":34388,"name":"Power Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Plant?f_ri=184265"},{"id":45405,"name":"Global Warming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming?f_ri=184265"},{"id":93298,"name":"Fossil Fuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_Fuels?f_ri=184265"},{"id":167727,"name":"Industrial Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Revolution?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":295924,"name":"Energy Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Use?f_ri=184265"},{"id":304605,"name":"International Panel on Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Panel_on_Climate_Change?f_ri=184265"},{"id":354794,"name":"Greenhouse gases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_gases?f_ri=184265"},{"id":509556,"name":"Human Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Activity?f_ri=184265"},{"id":936555,"name":"Green House Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_House_Gas?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1636293,"name":"Motor vehicles act","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_vehicles_act?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_451698 coauthored" data-work_id="451698" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/451698/The_Relevance_of_Information_and_Communication_Technologies_for_Environmental_Sustainability_A_Prospective_Simulation_Study">The Relevance of Information and Communication Technologies for Environmental Sustainability-A Prospective Simulation Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have relevant positive and negative impacts on environmental sustainability on various levels: First-order effects such as increasing electronic waste streams; second-order effects such as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_451698" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have relevant positive and negative impacts on environmental sustainability on various levels: First-order effects such as increasing electronic waste streams; second-order effects such as improved energy-efficiency of production; third-order effects such as a product-to-service shift in consumption or rebound effects in transport. In the simulation study described in this article, all known relevant effects on all three levels were modeled using a System Dynamics approach in combination with scenario techniques and expert consultations. The prospective study for the European Union with a time-horizon until 2020 revealed great potential for ICT-supported energy management and for a structural change towards a less material-intensive economy, but strong rebound effects in the transport sector whenever ICT applications lead to time or cost savings for transport.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/451698" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="691e5cb31fd811699c76b782ba7be9b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":17141211,"asset_id":451698,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/17141211/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="339741" href="https://uzh.academia.edu/LorenzHilty">Lorenz Hilty</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="339741" type="text/json">{"id":339741,"first_name":"Lorenz","last_name":"Hilty","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"LorenzHilty","display_name":"Lorenz Hilty","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/LorenzHilty?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/339741/356737/35563311/s65_lorenz.hilty.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-451698">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-451698"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/PW%C3%A4ger">P. Wäger</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-451698'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-451698').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_451698 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="451698"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 451698, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_451698", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_451698 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 451698; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_451698"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_451698 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="451698"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 451698; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=451698]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_451698").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_451698").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="451698"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="491" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology">Information Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="491" type="text/json">{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2099" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Society">Information Society</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2099" type="text/json">{"id":2099,"name":"Information Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Society?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5324" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtualization">Virtualization</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5324" type="text/json">{"id":5324,"name":"Virtualization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtualization?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9708" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/System_Dynamics_Modeling">System Dynamics Modeling</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9708" type="text/json">{"id":9708,"name":"System Dynamics Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/System_Dynamics_Modeling?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=451698]'), work: {"id":451698,"title":"The Relevance of Information and Communication Technologies for Environmental Sustainability-A Prospective Simulation Study","created_at":"2011-02-21T20:18:23.168-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/451698/The_Relevance_of_Information_and_Communication_Technologies_for_Environmental_Sustainability_A_Prospective_Simulation_Study?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_451698","summary":"Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have relevant positive and negative impacts on environmental sustainability on various levels: First-order effects such as increasing electronic waste streams; second-order effects such as improved energy-efficiency of production; third-order effects such as a product-to-service shift in consumption or rebound effects in transport. In the simulation study described in this article, all known relevant effects on all three levels were modeled using a System Dynamics approach in combination with scenario techniques and expert consultations. The prospective study for the European Union with a time-horizon until 2020 revealed great potential for ICT-supported energy management and for a structural change towards a less material-intensive economy, but strong rebound effects in the transport sector whenever ICT applications lead to time or cost savings for transport.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":17141211,"asset_id":451698,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":339741,"first_name":"Lorenz","last_name":"Hilty","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"LorenzHilty","display_name":"Lorenz Hilty","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/LorenzHilty?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/339741/356737/35563311/s65_lorenz.hilty.jpg"},{"id":34651768,"first_name":"P.","last_name":"Wäger","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PWäger","display_name":"P. Wäger","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PW%C3%A4ger?f_ri=184265","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":2099,"name":"Information Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Society?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":5324,"name":"Virtualization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtualization?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":9708,"name":"System Dynamics Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/System_Dynamics_Modeling?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":9770,"name":"Technology Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology_Assessment?f_ri=184265"},{"id":10414,"name":"ICT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT?f_ri=184265"},{"id":11681,"name":"Environmental Informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Informatics?f_ri=184265"},{"id":11820,"name":"Modeling and Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling_and_Simulation?f_ri=184265"},{"id":14084,"name":"Energy and Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_and_Environment?f_ri=184265"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=184265"},{"id":44137,"name":"ICT for Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Sustainable_Development?f_ri=184265"},{"id":47742,"name":"Dematerialisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dematerialisation?f_ri=184265"},{"id":58258,"name":"Virtual goods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_goods?f_ri=184265"},{"id":157891,"name":"Traffic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traffic?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":324273,"name":"Informatics and Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Informatics_and_Sustainability?f_ri=184265"},{"id":573883,"name":"ICTs for Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICTs_for_Sustainability?f_ri=184265"},{"id":988259,"name":"Methodology of Modelling and Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology_of_Modelling_and_Simulation?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_451709 coauthored" data-work_id="451709" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/451709/Environmental_Impacts_of_An_International_Conference">Environmental Impacts of An International Conference</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A conference in the conventional form is a very resource-demanding process with considerable environmental impacts. As the host of the 15th International Environmental Informatics Symposium, held in Zurich, October 10-12, 2001, EMPA... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_451709" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A conference in the conventional form is a very resource-demanding process with considerable environmental impacts. As the host of the 15th International Environmental Informatics Symposium, held in Zurich, October 10-12, 2001, EMPA assessed the effectiveness of different measures to reduce the environmental impact of the conference using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, including the virtualization of the conference.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/451709" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="69d379bda3eab3b0cd17d94344df5da0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":29415664,"asset_id":451709,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29415664/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="134723" href="https://empa.academia.edu/RolandHischier">Roland Hischier</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="134723" type="text/json">{"id":134723,"first_name":"Roland","last_name":"Hischier","domain_name":"empa","page_name":"RolandHischier","display_name":"Roland Hischier","profile_url":"https://empa.academia.edu/RolandHischier?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/134723/35784/20730607/s65_roland.hischier.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-451709">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-451709"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uzh.academia.edu/LorenzHilty">Lorenz Hilty</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-451709'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-451709').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_451709 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="451709"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 451709, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_451709", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_451709 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 451709; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_451709"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_451709 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="451709"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 451709; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=451709]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_451709").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_451709").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="451709"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="491" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology">Information Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="491" type="text/json">{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3510" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_Communities">Virtual Communities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3510" type="text/json">{"id":3510,"name":"Virtual Communities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_Communities?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3974" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3974" type="text/json">{"id":3974,"name":"Telecommunications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecommunications?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5324" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtualization">Virtualization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5324" type="text/json">{"id":5324,"name":"Virtualization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtualization?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=451709]'), work: {"id":451709,"title":"Environmental Impacts of An International Conference","created_at":"2011-02-21T20:18:24.660-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/451709/Environmental_Impacts_of_An_International_Conference?f_ri=184265","dom_id":"work_451709","summary":"A conference in the conventional form is a very resource-demanding process with considerable environmental impacts. As the host of the 15th International Environmental Informatics Symposium, held in Zurich, October 10-12, 2001, EMPA assessed the effectiveness of different measures to reduce the environmental impact of the conference using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, including the virtualization of the conference.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":29415664,"asset_id":451709,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":134723,"first_name":"Roland","last_name":"Hischier","domain_name":"empa","page_name":"RolandHischier","display_name":"Roland Hischier","profile_url":"https://empa.academia.edu/RolandHischier?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/134723/35784/20730607/s65_roland.hischier.jpg"},{"id":339741,"first_name":"Lorenz","last_name":"Hilty","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"LorenzHilty","display_name":"Lorenz Hilty","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/LorenzHilty?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/339741/356737/35563311/s65_lorenz.hilty.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":3510,"name":"Virtual Communities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_Communities?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":3974,"name":"Telecommunications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecommunications?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":5324,"name":"Virtualization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtualization?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":10414,"name":"ICT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT?f_ri=184265"},{"id":10529,"name":"Life Cycle Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment?f_ri=184265"},{"id":16972,"name":"Telepresence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telepresence?f_ri=184265"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=184265"},{"id":25122,"name":"Energy efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_efficiency?f_ri=184265"},{"id":31907,"name":"Green IT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_IT?f_ri=184265"},{"id":33009,"name":"Green ICT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_ICT?f_ri=184265"},{"id":44472,"name":"Carbon Footprint","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Footprint?f_ri=184265"},{"id":90888,"name":"Videoconferencing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Videoconferencing?f_ri=184265"},{"id":137525,"name":"LCA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/LCA?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78462942" data-work_id="78462942" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78462942/On_the_Transient_Three_Dimensional_Tribodynamics_of_Internal_Combustion_Engine_Top_Compression_Ring">On the Transient Three-Dimensional Tribodynamics of Internal Combustion Engine Top Compression Ring</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There are increasing pressures upon the automotive industry to reduce harmful emissions as well as meeting the key objective of enhanced fuel efficiency, while improving or retaining the engine output power. The losses in an internal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78462942" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There are increasing pressures upon the automotive industry to reduce harmful emissions as well as meeting the key objective of enhanced fuel efficiency, while improving or retaining the engine output power. The losses in an internal combustion (IC) engine can be divided into thermal and parasitic as well as due to gas leakage because of untoward compression ring motions. Frictional losses are particularly of concern at low engine speeds, assuming a greater share of the overall losses. Piston–cylinder system accounts for nearly half of all the frictional losses. Loss of sealing functionality of the ring pack can also contribute significantly to power losses as well as exacerbating harmful emissions. The dynamics of compression ring is inexorably linked to its tribological performance, a link which has not been made in many reported analyses. A fundamental understanding of the interplay between the top compression ring three-dimensional elastodynamic behavior, its sealing function an...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78462942" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9cd70fe5af6d9781407d50beed22363a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85502206,"asset_id":78462942,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85502206/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODkwMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15574664" href="https://lboro.academia.edu/RaminRahmani">Ramin Rahmani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15574664" type="text/json">{"id":15574664,"first_name":"Ramin","last_name":"Rahmani","domain_name":"lboro","page_name":"RaminRahmani","display_name":"Ramin Rahmani","profile_url":"https://lboro.academia.edu/RaminRahmani?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15574664/4205052/4951873/s65_ramin.rahmani.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78462942 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78462942"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78462942, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78462942", }); 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The losses in an internal combustion (IC) engine can be divided into thermal and parasitic as well as due to gas leakage because of untoward compression ring motions. Frictional losses are particularly of concern at low engine speeds, assuming a greater share of the overall losses. Piston–cylinder system accounts for nearly half of all the frictional losses. Loss of sealing functionality of the ring pack can also contribute significantly to power losses as well as exacerbating harmful emissions. The dynamics of compression ring is inexorably linked to its tribological performance, a link which has not been made in many reported analyses. A fundamental understanding of the interplay between the top compression ring three-dimensional elastodynamic behavior, its sealing function an...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85502206,"asset_id":78462942,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15574664,"first_name":"Ramin","last_name":"Rahmani","domain_name":"lboro","page_name":"RaminRahmani","display_name":"Ramin Rahmani","profile_url":"https://lboro.academia.edu/RaminRahmani?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15574664/4205052/4951873/s65_ramin.rahmani.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":88,"name":"Aerospace 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Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Dynamics?f_ri=184265"},{"id":152189,"name":"Elastodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elastodynamics?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":204468,"name":"Friction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Friction?f_ri=184265"},{"id":440779,"name":"IC Engine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IC_Engine?f_ri=184265"},{"id":615457,"name":"Analytical Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Methods?f_ri=184265"},{"id":622093,"name":"Energy Efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Efficiency-1?f_ri=184265"},{"id":850802,"name":"Cylinder Liner","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cylinder_Liner?f_ri=184265"},{"id":894925,"name":"Internal combustion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internal_combustion?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1139062,"name":"Hydrodynamic Lubrication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrodynamic_Lubrication?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1334025,"name":"CO Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CO_Emissions?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63642359" data-work_id="63642359" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/63642359/Climate_Change_and_the_Insurance_Sector">Climate Change and the Insurance Sector</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div 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data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11395" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development">Economic Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11395" type="text/json">{"id":11395,"name":"Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_Management">Disaster Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15582" type="text/json">{"id":15582,"name":"Disaster 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Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_Management?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":16457,"name":"Public sector","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_sector?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":70854,"name":"Developing Country","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Country?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":466484,"name":"Private Sector","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_Sector?f_ri=184265"},{"id":3079415,"name":"Finance and Investment Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance_and_Investment_Banking?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80004313" data-work_id="80004313" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80004313/Promoting_behavioral_change_towards_lower_energy_consumption_in_the_building_sector">Promoting behavioral change towards lower energy consumption in the building sector</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Climate change and environmental issues have been increasingly in the forefront of the media and government agendas. However, despite much discussion and fanfare, little has been done in the way of serious commitment and clear course of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80004313" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Climate change and environmental issues have been increasingly in the forefront of the media and government agendas. However, despite much discussion and fanfare, little has been done in the way of serious commitment and clear course of actions since the adoption of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 to bring carbon emissions to sustainable levels. To tackle the immensity of the climate change challenge, a paradigm shift in understanding is necessary to balance the course of global human development with energy demand and consumption patterns. Accounting for over 40% of global energy demand and more than 30% of greenhouse gas emissions, the building sector offers the greatest mitigation potential for reducing carbon emissions in both the short and long term, with positive implications for a range of associated sectors and industries. Promoting behavioral change among end-users for reduced energy consumption as well as encouraging the building industry to embrace sustainable design, lowcarbon construction practices and materials, and renewable technologies, is fundamental to mitigating the impact of the built environment on planetary biospheres and preserving quality of life for generations to come. This paper starts by drawing attention to the building sector and related EU policy, outlining the challenges and opportunities for reducing energy consumption and carbon emission levels. Such policy provides the essential framework to engage stakeholders and allow supporting factors to foster progress in the sector. The paper contends that information on climate change has not led to significant improvements in meeting global targets and that what is needed is behavioral change among individuals and society as a whole. On the basis of research project experiences and literature review, it puts forth and explores five key elements contributing to behavioral change for reduced energy consumption and lower carbon emissions in the building sector, focused on: information and education; financial incentives and energy services; modern technologies and sustainable design; social and community norms; and biophilia (contact with the natural environment). 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However, despite much discussion and fanfare, little has been done in the way of serious commitment and clear course of actions since the adoption of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 to bring carbon emissions to sustainable levels. To tackle the immensity of the climate change challenge, a paradigm shift in understanding is necessary to balance the course of global human development with energy demand and consumption patterns. Accounting for over 40% of global energy demand and more than 30% of greenhouse gas emissions, the building sector offers the greatest mitigation potential for reducing carbon emissions in both the short and long term, with positive implications for a range of associated sectors and industries. Promoting behavioral change among end-users for reduced energy consumption as well as encouraging the building industry to embrace sustainable design, lowcarbon construction practices and materials, and renewable technologies, is fundamental to mitigating the impact of the built environment on planetary biospheres and preserving quality of life for generations to come. This paper starts by drawing attention to the building sector and related EU policy, outlining the challenges and opportunities for reducing energy consumption and carbon emission levels. Such policy provides the essential framework to engage stakeholders and allow supporting factors to foster progress in the sector. The paper contends that information on climate change has not led to significant improvements in meeting global targets and that what is needed is behavioral change among individuals and society as a whole. On the basis of research project experiences and literature review, it puts forth and explores five key elements contributing to behavioral change for reduced energy consumption and lower carbon emissions in the building sector, focused on: information and education; financial incentives and energy services; modern technologies and sustainable design; social and community norms; and biophilia (contact with the natural environment). The paper suggests opportunities for further research and concludes with recommendations for policy-makers and related stakeholders.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86530111,"asset_id":80004313,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":81340058,"first_name":"helen","last_name":"Santiago Fink","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"helenSantiagoFink","display_name":"helen Santiago Fink","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/helenSantiagoFink?f_ri=184265","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/81340058/176331403/166384756/s65_helen.santiago_fink.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=184265","nofollow":true},{"id":7466,"name":"Human 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Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Issues?f_ri=184265"},{"id":104996,"name":"Paradigm Shift","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paradigm_Shift?f_ri=184265"},{"id":134627,"name":"Behavior change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior_change?f_ri=184265"},{"id":162375,"name":"United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change?f_ri=184265"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":238827,"name":"Carbon Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Emissions?f_ri=184265"},{"id":340277,"name":"Natural Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Environment?f_ri=184265"},{"id":1321404,"name":"Course of Action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Course_of_Action?f_ri=184265"}]}, }) } 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