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subbagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kepunahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kepunahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Kepunahan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kepunahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bukti_tertulis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bukti_tertulis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bukti tertulis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bukti_tertulis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggolongan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggolongan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Penggolongan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggolongan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aksara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aksara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aksara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aksara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Referensi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catatan_kaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_kaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Catatan kaki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_kaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Daftar pustaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahasa Aram Nabath</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 17 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الآرامية النبطية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الآرامية النبطية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%87" title="اللغه الاراميه النبطيه – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اللغه الاراميه النبطيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_nabateo" title="Idioma nabateo – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma nabateo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B7%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="نبطی دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نبطی دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabat%C3%A4ische_Sprache" title="Nabatäische Sprache – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nabatäische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabataean_Aramaic" title="Nabataean Aramaic – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nabataean Aramaic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_nabateo" title="Idioma nabateo – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma nabateo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B7%DB%8C" title="زبان نبطی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان نبطی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_nabatea" title="Lingua nabatea – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua nabatea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_arameana_nabateana" title="Fiteny arameana nabateana – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny arameana nabateana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Набатејски јазик – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Набатејски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabatees_Aramees" title="Nabatees Aramees – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nabatees Aramees" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabateisk" title="Nabateisk – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nabateisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_nabateia" title="Língua nabateia – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua nabateia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Набатейский язык – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Набатейский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Набатејски језик – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Набатејски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebatice" title="Nebatice – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nebatice" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36178#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram_Nabath" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Bahasa_Aram_Nabath" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram_Nabath"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram_Nabath"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Bahasa_Aram_Nabath" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Bahasa_Aram_Nabath" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&oldid=23732942" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&id=23732942&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBahasa_Aram_Nabath"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBahasa_Aram_Nabath"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Bahasa+Aram+Nabath"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nabataean_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36178" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang ragam bahasa Aram. Untuk bahasa-bahasa lainnya yang digunakan oleh suku Nabath, lihat <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Nabath" class="mw-disambig" title="Bahasa Nabath">Bahasa Nabath</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25451299">.mw-parser-output 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.i-tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:340px;background-color:black;color:#fff;text-align:center;border-radius:6px;padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:22px;right:-90%;z-index:1000}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip:hover .i-tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .bg-wp{background:radial-gradient(closest-side,lightgray,transparent)}.mw-parser-output .nilai{display:inline;margin:0;padding:0;border:0}.mw-parser-output .nilai:before{content:"—";animation-name:animate;animation-duration:2s;animation-delay:1s;animation-iteration-count:infinite}@keyframes nilai{0%{content:"Memuat"}5%{content:"Mengambil data penilaian dari halaman pembicaraan"}80%{content:"Memuat"}87%{content:"Mengubah susunan templat WP Banner"}89%{content:"Menyiapkan"}98%{content:"Selesai"}100%{content:""}}</style><table class="infobox" style="box-shadow: rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3) 0px 1px 2px 0px, rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15) 0px 2px 6px 2px;border-radius: 2px;; text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above bahasa" style="margin:0.2em;font-size:130%; color: black; background-color: #faecc8;">Bahasa Aram Nabath</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Inscription_Qasiu_Louvre_AO4988.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Inscription_Qasiu_Louvre_AO4988.jpg/250px-Inscription_Qasiu_Louvre_AO4988.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Inscription_Qasiu_Louvre_AO4988.jpg/375px-Inscription_Qasiu_Louvre_AO4988.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Inscription_Qasiu_Louvre_AO4988.jpg/500px-Inscription_Qasiu_Louvre_AO4988.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><div style="line-height:normal">Prasasti persembahan yang ditulis dalam <a href="/wiki/Abjad_Nabath" title="Abjad Nabath">abjad Nabath</a> kepada dewa Qasiu.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;">Wilayah</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><a href="/wiki/Arabia_Petraea" title="Arabia Petraea">Arabia Petraea</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Jazirah_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazirah Arab">Jazirah Arab</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Etnis" class="mw-redirect" title="Etnis">Etnis</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em">Suku <a href="/wiki/Nabath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabath">Nabath</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_punah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa punah">Kepunahan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em">abad ke-6 M </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal; padding-right:0.5em;"><span style="white-space: normal;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa" title="Rumpun bahasa">Rumpun bahasa</a></b></div></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><div style="text-align:left;margin-left:0.5em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14051308">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"><ul style="line-height:100%;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Afroasiatik" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Afroasiatik">Afroasiatik</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.5em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Semit" title="Rumpun bahasa Semit">Semit</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Semit_Barat" title="Rumpun bahasa Semit Barat">Semit Barat</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Semit_Tengah" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Semit Tengah">Semit Tengah</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Semit_Barat_Laut" title="Rumpun bahasa Semit Barat Laut">Semit Barat Laut</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram" title="Bahasa Aram">Aram</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahara_Aram_Barat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahara Aram Barat (halaman belum tersedia)">Aram Barat</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Aram Nabath</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><span style="white-space: normal;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Sistem_penulisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem penulisan">Sistem penulisan</a></div></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad_Nabath" title="Abjad Nabath">Abjad Nabath</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="margin:0.2em;opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: #faecc8;line-height:1.3;padding:0.2em;">Kode bahasa</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><i>Tidak ada</i> (<code style="padding-bottom:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em">tidak ada</code>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">LINGUIST List</div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://linguistlist.org/multitree/" title="LINGUIST list sudah tidak beroperasi lagi" rel="nofollow"><img alt="LINGUIST list sudah tidak beroperasi lagi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/OOjs_UI_icon_clear-destructive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_clear-destructive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/OOjs_UI_icon_clear-destructive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_clear-destructive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/OOjs_UI_icon_clear-destructive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_clear-destructive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://multitree.org/codes/qhy">qhy</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><i>Tidak ada</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><span id="Status_konservasi"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;margin-top:0.3em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: #faecc8;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Status pemertahanan</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;text-align:left;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25006243">.mw-parser-output .flex-container{justify-content:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .flex-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:left;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .sk-container{display:flex;width:auto}.mw-parser-output .sk-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:center;float:none}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{background:black;color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover{background:red;color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover{background:orange;color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover{background:yellow;color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover{background:yellowgreen;color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover{background:silver;color:black}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover a{color:white}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px dotted black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:120px;background-color:#F8F9FB;color:black;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:1px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.35);padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:150%;left:50%;margin-left:-60px;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:60%}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:100%;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;font-size:60%;border-color:transparent transparent #C8CBD0 transparent}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:70%;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{opacity:0;transition:opacity 0.15s;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;opacity:1;z-index:900}</style> <center> <div class="sk-container" style="justify-content: center;"> <div><span style="font-size:90%;"><center><b>Punah</b></center><br /></span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_yang_telah_punah" title="Kategori:Bahasa yang telah punah"><div class="EX-hover tooltip" style="display:inline; height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em; background:black;color:white"><b>EX</b><span class="tooltiptext">Singkatan dari <i>Extinct</i> (Punah)</span></div></a></div><div><span style="font-size:90%"><center><b>Terancam</b></center><br /></span> <div style="border-top:2px solid black; border-radius:20%;display:inline;padding-top:1em"> <div class="CR-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa_yang_terancam_kritis" title="Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa yang terancam kritis"><b>CR</b></a><span class="tooltiptext">Singkatan dari <i>Critically endangered</i> (Terancam Kritis)</span></div> <div class="SE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa_yang_terancam_berat" title="Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa yang terancam berat"><b>SE</b></a><span class="tooltiptext">Singkatan dari <i>Severely endangered</i> (Terancam berat)</span></div> <div class="DE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%;display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa_yang_terancam_punah" title="Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa yang terancam punah"><b>DE</b></a><span class="tooltiptext">Singkatan dari <i>Devinitely endangered</i> (Terancam)</span></div> <div class="VU-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa_yang_rentan_punah" title="Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa yang rentan punah"><b>VU</b></a><span class="tooltiptext">Singkatan dari <i>Vulnerable</i> (Rentan)</span></div> </div></div><div><span style="font-size:90%"><center><b>Aman</b></center><br /></span> <div class="NE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>NE</b><span class="tooltiptext">Singkatan dari <i>Not Endangered</i> (Tidak terancam)</span></div></div></div> <div style="text-align:left;font-size:90%;margin-top:0.4em; line-height:1.3"><center><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Bahasa-Bahasa_di_Dunia_yang_Terancam_Kepunahan" title="Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan"><b>ICHEL <i>Red Book</i></b></a>: <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered">Extinct</a></span></span></center> <p>Aram Nabath diklasifikasikan sebagai bahasa yang telah <b>punah</b> (<b>EX</b>) pada <i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Bahasa-Bahasa_di_Dunia_yang_Terancam_Kepunahan" title="Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan">Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan</a></i> </p> </div></center> </td></tr></tbody></table> <center><sup>Referensi:</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></center> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-top:0px;height:20px;font-weight:normal;font-size:90%;text-align:center;color:black; background-color: #faecc8;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/20px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/30px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/40px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Bahasa" title="Portal:Bahasa"><span style="color: black;"><b>Portal Bahasa</b></span></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="font-weight:normal;font-size:80%;text-align:left;height:20px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.1em"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa" title="Templat:Kotak info bahasa">L</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak info bahasa">B</a> • <a href="/wiki/PW:BAHASA" class="mw-redirect" title="PW:BAHASA">PW</a>   <div style="float:right;right:0em; text-align:right:display:inline"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&action=edit&section=top&editintro=Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa/Pemberitahuan/editintro2"><img alt="Sunting kotak info" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36178" title="Lihat butir Wikidata"><img alt="Lihat butir Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa/doc" title="Bantuan penggunaan templat ini"><img alt="Info templat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="metadata s-tooltip" style="position:absolute;z-index:100;top:-85px;right:2em; line-height:normal;border-radius:7px;"><div style="opacity:60%"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Cari artikel bahasa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div><span class="s-tooltiptext" style="-moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray; -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray; box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Cari artikel bahasa<div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" value="Bahasa" placeholder="" size="25" dir="ltr" /></div> <input type="submit" name="go" value="Tuju" class="cdx-button" /> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Cari" class="cdx-button" /></form></div>Cari berdasarkan kode ISO 639 (Uji coba)<div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" value="ISO 639:" placeholder="" size="8" dir="ltr" /></div> <input type="submit" name="go" value="Tuju" class="cdx-button" /> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Cari" class="cdx-button" /></form></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Kolom pencarian ini hanya didukung oleh beberapa antarmuka</span></span> </span></span></span></div> <div class="metadata r-tooltip" style=";position:absolute;z-index:100;top:-85px;right:0.5em; line-height:normal;border-radius:7px;"><div style="opacity:60%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sembarang_di_kategori/Artikel_bahasa_dengan_kotak_info_bahasa" title="Istimewa:Sembarang di kategori/Artikel bahasa dengan kotak info bahasa"><img alt="Artikel bahasa sembarang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div><span class="r-tooltiptext" style="-moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray; -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray; box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Halaman bahasa acak</span></span></span></div> <p><b>Bahasa Aram Nabath</b> adalah ragam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram" title="Bahasa Aram">bahasa Aram</a> yang digunakan secara tertulis pada prasasti-prasasti oleh <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Nabath" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Nabath">bangsa Nabath</a> di <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a>, sebelah timur <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Yordan" title="Sungai Yordan">Sungai Yordan</a>, dan juga di <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Sinai" title="Semenanjung Sinai">Semenanjung Sinai</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Setelah runtuhnya <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah" title="Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah">Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah</a> (330 SM), penggunaan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram" title="Bahasa Aram">bahasa Aram</a> sebagai <a href="/wiki/Basantara" title="Basantara">basantara</a> di Timur Tengah mulai menurun, digantikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani_Koine" title="Bahasa Yunani Koine">bahasa Yunani Koine</a> di <a href="/wiki/Perang_Aleksander_Agung" title="Perang Aleksander Agung">wilayah-wilayah yang ditaklukan</a> oleh <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Agung" title="Aleksander Agung">Aleksander Agung</a>. Tetapi bahasa Aram masih bertahan sebagai basantara di <a href="/wiki/Syam" title="Syam">Syam</a> bagian selatan dan <a href="/wiki/Jazirah_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazirah Arab">Jazirah Arab</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kepunahan">Kepunahan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Kepunahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kepunahan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Nabath" title="Bahasa Arab Nabath">Bahasa Arab Nabath</a></div> <p>Bahasa Aram Nabath dianggap punah ketika mulai populernya <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a> selama kemunculan kepercayaan <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, yang menariknya merupakan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Nabath" title="Bahasa Arab Nabath">salah satu bahasa</a> yang sebelumnya juga pernah digunakan oleh suku ini.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bukti_tertulis">Bukti tertulis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Bukti tertulis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bukti tertulis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bukti tulisan bahasa Aram Nabath dapat ditemukan berupa prasasti penguburan dan penahbisan di kota kuno <a href="/wiki/Petra" title="Petra">Petra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosra">Bosra</a>, dan Hegra (kini <a href="/wiki/Mada%27in_Saleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mada'in Saleh">Mada'in Saleh</a>), serta ada banyak prasasti kecil yang ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Sinai" title="Semenanjung Sinai">Semenanjung Sinai</a> bagian selatan. Ada juga bukti prasasti yang dianggap sebagai bahasa ini di <a href="/wiki/Qumran" title="Qumran">Qumran</a>. </p><p>Prasasti Aram Nabath pertama kali ditemukan di Elusa, yang sekarang merupakan bagian Negev, Israel. Prasasti itu menyebut Aretas, seorang raja Nabath. Joseph Naveh berpendapat bahwa prasasti ini, yang dapat dilacak ke <a href="/wiki/Aretas_I" title="Aretas I">Aretas I</a>, seorang penguasa Arab yang kemungkinan disebut <a href="/wiki/Yason_(Imam_Besar_Israel)" title="Yason (Imam Besar Israel)">Imam Yason</a> sebagai penguasa yang melindunginya di Petra pada tahun 169 SM.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard,_Suzanne_Louise_2003_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard,_Suzanne_Louise_2003-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lebih dari 4.000 prasasti yang digali telah dianggap ditulis dalam bahasa Aram Nabatea.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard,_Suzanne_Louise_2003_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard,_Suzanne_Louise_2003-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebagian besar prasasti Aram Nabatea yang ditemukan menyebut penguburan. Prasasti paling awal yang ditemukan ditulis dalam <a href="/wiki/Abjad_Nabath" title="Abjad Nabath">abjad Nabatea</a> ditemukan di Horvat Raqiq, dekat kota <a href="/wiki/Beersheba" class="mw-redirect" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a>, Israel. Prasasti ini termasuk unik karena juga ditulis menggunakan tinta yang dioleskan di atas batu besar.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebagian besar prasasti Aram Nabatea ditemukan terukir di atas batu, seperti prasasti Aslah dari Petra (95 SM), persembahan kepada dewi al-Kutba dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi_Tumilat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wadi Tumilat (halaman belum tersedia)">Wadi Tumilat</a> (77 SM) dan Rabbel I dari Petra (66 M).<sup id="cite_ref-Salameen,_Zeyad_2014_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salameen,_Zeyad_2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beberapa penggalian telah menemukan prasasti pada benda-benda logam. Sebagian besar prasasti tersebut tertulis pada koin logam. Penggalian di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi_Musa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wadi Musa (halaman belum tersedia)">Wadi Musa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania">Yordania</a> bagian selatan, menemukan lusinan fragmen perunggu dengan tulisan Nabath di atasnya, namun sumber fragmen ini tidak pasti. Sebuah prasasti perunggu penting ditemukan pada kompor minyak perunggu yang digali di Wadi Musa dengan persembahan dari seorang imam dan putranya kepada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Obodas_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obodas I (halaman belum tersedia)">Obodas</a>, yang berasal dari masa pemerintahan raja Nabath bernama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabbel_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabbel II (halaman belum tersedia)">Rabbel II</a>, yang memerintah antara tahun 70 M–106 M.<sup id="cite_ref-Salameen,_Zeyad_2014_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salameen,_Zeyad_2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beberapa pendapat mengemukakan bahwa pencaplokan Petra oleh <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi" title="Kekaisaran Romawi">Romawi</a> pada tahun 106 M menyebabkan penurunan penggunaan bahasa Aram Nabatheadi wilayah tersebut, karena tidak ada prasasti Nabath yang ditemukan di Petra yang dapat dilacak setelah pencaplokan. Prasasti Nabath terbaru yang ditemukan ditulis pada tahun 356 M, yang ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Hijaz" title="Hijaz">Hijaz</a>, yang sekarang merupakan bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penggolongan">Penggolongan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Penggolongan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penggolongan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bahasa Aram Nabath merupakan ragam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram_Kekaisaran" title="Bahasa Aram Kekaisaran">bahasa Aram Kekaisaran</a> yang mulai menunjukkan ciri khas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Barat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Aram Barat (halaman belum tersedia)">ragam barat</a>, yaitu penggunaan penanda objek <i>yt</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aksara">Aksara</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Aksara" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aksara"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Abjad_Nabath" title="Abjad Nabath">Abjad Nabath</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Inscription_fun%C3%A9raire_nabat%C3%A9enne_basalte_37_ap_JC_Nabat%C3%A8ne,_Madaba_Jordanie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Inscription_fun%C3%A9raire_nabat%C3%A9enne_basalte_37_ap_JC_Nabat%C3%A8ne%2C_Madaba_Jordanie.jpg/220px-Inscription_fun%C3%A9raire_nabat%C3%A9enne_basalte_37_ap_JC_Nabat%C3%A8ne%2C_Madaba_Jordanie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Inscription_fun%C3%A9raire_nabat%C3%A9enne_basalte_37_ap_JC_Nabat%C3%A8ne%2C_Madaba_Jordanie.jpg/330px-Inscription_fun%C3%A9raire_nabat%C3%A9enne_basalte_37_ap_JC_Nabat%C3%A8ne%2C_Madaba_Jordanie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Inscription_fun%C3%A9raire_nabat%C3%A9enne_basalte_37_ap_JC_Nabat%C3%A8ne%2C_Madaba_Jordanie.jpg/440px-Inscription_fun%C3%A9raire_nabat%C3%A9enne_basalte_37_ap_JC_Nabat%C3%A8ne%2C_Madaba_Jordanie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Prasasti pemakaman batu <a href="/wiki/Basal" title="Basal">basal</a> yang bertuliskan abjad Aram. Sekarang disimpan di <a href="/wiki/Museum_Louvre" title="Museum Louvre">Museum Louvre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Abjad Nabath memiliki ciri ragam <a href="/wiki/Abjad_Aram" title="Abjad Aram">abjad Aram</a> yang ditulis dengan gaya <a href="/wiki/Kursif" title="Kursif">kursif</a>. Abjad ini kemudian berkembang menjadi <a href="/wiki/Abjad_Arab" title="Abjad Arab">abjad Arab</a> mulai abad ke-5 M.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catatan_kaki">Catatan kaki</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan kaki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan kaki"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Basalt, 1st century AD. Found in Sia in the Hauran, Southern Syria.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220429081359/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/atlas-of-languages-in-danger/">"UNESCO Interactive <i>Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger</i>"</a> (dalam bahasa bahasa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">Inggris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis">Prancis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Spanyol" title="Bahasa Spanyol">Spanyol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">Rusia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tionghoa" title="Bahasa Tionghoa">Tionghoa</a>). <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. 2011. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/atlas-of-languages-in-danger/">versi asli</a> tanggal 29 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 Juni</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO+Interactive+Atlas+of+the+World%27s+Languages+in+Danger&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fnew%2Fen%2Fculture%2Fthemes%2Fendangered-languages%2Fatlas-of-languages-in-danger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Aram+Nabath" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220531155026/http://www.unesco.org/tools/fileretrieve/43fdd320.pdf">"UNESCO <i>Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger</i>"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. 2010. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/tools/fileretrieve/43fdd320.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 31 Mei 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">31 Mei</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO+Atlas+of+the+World%27s+Languages+in+Danger&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Ftools%2Ffileretrieve%2F43fdd320.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Aram+Nabath" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gzella, Holger. <i>A Cultural History of Aramaic. From the Beginnings to the Advent of Islam</i>. Leiden: Brill, 2015: 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cantineau, J. <i>Le Nabatéen.</i> Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, 1930–1932: x. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richard,_Suzanne_Louise_2003-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Richard,_Suzanne_Louise_2003_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richard,_Suzanne_Louise_2003_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard, Suzanne Louise. Near Eastern Archaeology: A Reader. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2003. Print</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Naveh, Joseph. "Nabatean Language, Script and Inscriptions". http://mushecht.haifa.ac.il/catalogues/Nabateans/Joseph_Naveh.pdf</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salameen,_Zeyad_2014-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Salameen,_Zeyad_2014_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salameen,_Zeyad_2014_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">al-Salameen, Zeyad, and Younis Shdaifat. "A New Nabataean Inscribed Bronze Lamp." Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 25.1 (2014): 43-49. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard, Suzanne Louise. Near Eastern Archaeology: A Reader. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2003. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gzella, Holger. <i>A Cultural History of Aramaic. From the Beginnings to the Advent of Islam</i>. Leiden: Brill, 2015: 241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Everson, Michael (2010-12-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10473-n3969-nabataean.pdf">"N3969: Proposal for encoding the Nabataean script in the SMP of the UCS"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=N3969%3A+Proposal+for+encoding+the+Nabataean+script+in+the+SMP+of+the+UCS&rft.pub=Working+Group+Document%2C+ISO%2FIEC+JTC1%2FSC2%2FWG2&rft.date=2010-12-09&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2010%2F10473-n3969-nabataean.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Aram+Nabath" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar pustaka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Nabath&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar pustaka"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>al-Khraysheh, Fawwaz. <i>Die Personennamen in den nabatäischen Inschriften des <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Semiticarum" title="Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum">Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum</a>.</i> Marburg 1986. <i>In German</i></li> <li>Cantineau, J. <i>Le Nabatéen</i>. 2 vols. Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, 1930–1932. <i>In French</i></li> <li>Euting, Julius. <i>Nabatäische Inschriften aus Arabien.</i> Berlin 1885. <i>In German</i></li> <li>Hackl, Ursula/Jenni, Hanna/Schneider, Christoph. <i>Quellen zur Geschichte der Nabatäer.</i> NTOA 51. Fribourg 2003. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-7278-1410-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-7278-1410-1">3-7278-1410-1</a>. <i>In German</i></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rumpun_bahasa_Semit" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Bahasa_Semit" title="Templat:Bahasa Semit"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Bahasa_Semit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Bahasa Semit (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Bahasa_Semit&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rumpun_bahasa_Semit" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Semit" title="Rumpun bahasa Semit">Rumpun bahasa Semit</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="(tidak_terklasifikasi)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>tidak terklasifikasi</i>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sute" title="Bahasa Sute">Sute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semit_Timur" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Semit_Timur" title="Rumpun bahasa Semit Timur">Semit Timur</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Akkadia" title="Bahasa Akkadia">Akkadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ebla" title="Bahasa Ebla">Ebla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semit_Barat_dan_Semit_Tengah" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Semit_Barat" title="Rumpun bahasa Semit Barat">Semit Barat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Semit_Tengah" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Semit Tengah">Semit Tengah</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semit_Barat_Laut" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Semit_Barat_Laut" title="Rumpun bahasa Semit Barat Laut">Semit Barat Laut</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Kanaan" title="Rumpun bahasa Kanaan">Kanaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani">Ibrani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani_Alkitabiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Ibrani Alkitabiah">Alkitabiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani_Mishnaik" title="Bahasa Ibrani Mishnaik">Mishnaik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani_Abad_Pertengahan" title="Bahasa Ibrani Abad Pertengahan">Abad Pertengahan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Ibrani_Mizrahi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Ibrani Mizrahi (halaman belum tersedia)">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Ibrani_Yaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Ibrani Yaman (halaman belum tersedia)">Yaman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Ibrani_Sefardim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Ibrani Sefardim (halaman belum tersedia)">Sefardim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Ibrani_Ashkenazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Ibrani Ashkenazi (halaman belum tersedia)">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani_Samaria" title="Bahasa Ibrani Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani_Modern" title="Bahasa Ibrani Modern">Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Fenisia" title="Bahasa Fenisia">Fenisia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Punik" title="Bahasa Punik">Punik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight: normal;"><i>lainnya</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Amon" title="Bahasa Amon">Amon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Moab" title="Bahasa Moab">Moab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Edom" title="Bahasa Edom">Edom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram" title="Bahasa Aram">Aram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Aram_Barat" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Aram_Barat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumpun bahasa Aram Barat (halaman belum tersedia)">Aram Barat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram_Palestina_Yahudi" title="Bahasa Aram Palestina Yahudi">Palestina Yahudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram_Samaria" title="Bahasa Aram Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram#Arab_Kristen_Palestina" title="Bahasa Aram">Kristen Palestina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nabath</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Barat_Baru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Aram Barat Baru (halaman belum tersedia)">Aram Barat Baru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Aram_Timur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumpun bahasa Aram Timur (halaman belum tersedia)">Aram Timur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram_Alkitabiah" title="Bahasa Aram Alkitabiah">Alkitabiah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Hatra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Aram Hatra (halaman belum tersedia)">Hatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Suryani" title="Bahasa Suryani">Suryani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Babel_Yahudi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Aram Babel Yahudi (halaman belum tersedia)">Babel Yahudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram_Asyur_Baru" title="Bahasa Aram Asyur Baru">Kasdim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram_Asyur_Baru" title="Bahasa Aram Asyur Baru">Aram Asyur Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Senaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Aram Senaya (halaman belum tersedia)">Senaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Baru_Koy_Sanjaq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Aram Baru Koy Sanjaq (halaman belum tersedia)">Koy Sanjaq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Aram_Baru_Hertevin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Aram Baru Hertevin (halaman belum tersedia)">Hertevin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Turoyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Turoyo (halaman belum tersedia)">Turoyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Mlahso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Mlahso (halaman belum tersedia)">Mlahso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Mandae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Mandae (halaman belum tersedia)">Mandae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Yudeo-Aram" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Yudeo-Aram">Yudeo-Aram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Lain-lain</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Amori" title="Bahasa Amori">Amori</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ugarit" title="Bahasa Ugarit">Ugarit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arab" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Arab</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sastra</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Klasik" title="Bahasa Arab Klasik">Klasik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Baku_Modern" title="Bahasa Arab Baku Modern">Arab Baku Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Varietas_bahasa_Arab" title="Varietas bahasa Arab">ragam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Masyriq_(Timur)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Masyriq" title="Bahasa Arab Masyriq">Masyriq (Timur)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Semenanjung Arab</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Dhofar" title="Bahasa Arab Dhofar">Dhofar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Teluk" title="Bahasa Arab Teluk">Teluk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Bahrani" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Arab Bahrani">Bahrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Shihhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Arab Shihhi">Shihhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Hijaz" title="Bahasa Arab Hijaz">Hijaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Najd" title="Bahasa Arab Najd">Najd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Oman" title="Bahasa Arab Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Yaman" title="Bahasa Arab Yaman">Yaman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Yudeo-Yaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Arab Yudeo-Yaman">Yudeo-Yaman</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Bedouin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Jazirah_Barat_Laut" title="Bahasa Arab Jazirah Barat Laut">Jazirah Barat Laut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Mesir" title="Bahasa Arab Mesir">Mesir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Sa%27idi" title="Bahasa Arab Sa'idi">Sa'idi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Syam" title="Bahasa Arab Syam">Syam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Siprus" title="Bahasa Arab Siprus">Siprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Lebanon" title="Bahasa Arab Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Palestina" title="Bahasa Arab Palestina">Palestina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Mesopotamia" title="Bahasa Arab Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Mesopotamia_Utara" title="Bahasa Arab Mesopotamia Utara">Mesopotamia Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Baghdad_Yahudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Arab Baghdad Yahudi">Baghdad Yahudi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Sudan" title="Bahasa Arab Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Asia_Tengah" title="Bahasa Arab Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Tajik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Tajik (halaman belum tersedia)">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Uzbek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Uzbek (halaman belum tersedia)">Uzbek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Shirvan" title="Bahasa Arab Shirvan">Shirvan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Maghrib" title="Bahasa Arab Maghrib">Maghrib (Barat)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Aljazair" title="Bahasa Arab Aljazair">Aljazair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Sahara_Aljazair" title="Bahasa Arab Sahara Aljazair">Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Chad" title="Bahasa Arab Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Hassaniya" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Arab Hassaniya">Hassānīya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Andalusia" title="Bahasa Arab Andalusia">Andalusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Libya" title="Bahasa Arab Libya">Libya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Yudeo-Tripoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Arab Yudeo-Tripoli">Yudeo-Tripoli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Sisilia" title="Bahasa Arab Sisilia">Sisilia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Malta" title="Bahasa Malta">Malta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Maroko" title="Bahasa Arab Maroko">Maroko</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Yudeo-Maroko" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Arab Yudeo-Maroko">Yudeo-Maroko</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Tunisia" title="Bahasa Arab Tunisia">Tunisia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Yudeo-Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Arab Yudeo-Tunisia">Yudeo-Tunisia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Lain-lain</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Arab" title="Bahasa Proto-Arab">Proto-Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Kuno" title="Bahasa Arab Kuno">Arab Kuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Nabath" title="Bahasa Arab Nabath">Nabath</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Arab_Pra-Klasik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Arab Pra-Klasik (halaman belum tersedia)">Pra-Klasik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semit_Selatan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Semit_Selatan" title="Rumpun bahasa Semit Selatan">Semit Selatan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Barat Daya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Arabia_Selatan_Kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Arabia Selatan Kuno">Arabia Selatan Kuno</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Saba" title="Bahasa Saba">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Ma%27in&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Ma'in (halaman belum tersedia)">Ma'in</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Qabatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Qabatan (halaman belum tersedia)">Qataban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Hadramaut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Hadramaut (halaman belum tersedia)">Hadramaut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Awsan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Awsan (halaman belum tersedia)">Awsan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Semit_Etiopia" title="Rumpun bahasa Semit Etiopia">Etiopia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Utara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ge%27ez" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Ge'ez">Ge'ez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tigrinya" title="Bahasa Tigrinya">Tigrinya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Tigre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Tigre (halaman belum tersedia)">Tigre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Dahlak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Dahlak (halaman belum tersedia)">Dahlak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Selatan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Amhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Amhar">Amhar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Argobba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Argobba (halaman belum tersedia)">Argobba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Harari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Harari (halaman belum tersedia)">Harari</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Silt%CA%BCe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Siltʼe (halaman belum tersedia)">Silt'e (Wolane, Ulbareg, Inneqor)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Zay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Zay (halaman belum tersedia)">Zay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Pinggiran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: transparent; font-weight: normal;"><i>kelompok n</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Gafat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Gafat (halaman belum tersedia)">Gafat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Soddo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Soddo (halaman belum tersedia)">Soddo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: transparent; font-weight: normal;"><i>kelompok tt</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Mesmes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Mesmes (halaman belum tersedia)">Mesmes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Muher_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Muher language (halaman belum tersedia)">Muher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Gurage_Barat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Gurage Barat (halaman belum tersedia)">Gurage Barat</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Mesqan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Mesqan (halaman belum tersedia)">Mesqan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Ezha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Ezha (halaman belum tersedia)">Ezha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Chaha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Chaha (halaman belum tersedia)">Chaha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Gura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Gura (halaman belum tersedia)">Gura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Gumer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Gumer (halaman belum tersedia)">Gumer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Gyeto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Gyeto (halaman belum tersedia)">Gyeto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Inor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Inor (halaman belum tersedia)">Ennemor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Endegen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Endegen (halaman belum tersedia)">Endegen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Arabia_Selatan_Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Arabia Selatan Modern">Arabia Selatan Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Bathari" title="Bahasa Bathari">Bathari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Harsusi" title="Bahasa Harsusi">Harsusi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Hobyot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Hobyot (halaman belum tersedia)">Hobyot</a></li> <li><a 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