Reducing Your Risk | LUNGevity Foundation

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href="/lung-cancer-basics/types-of-lung-cancer/squamous-cell-lung-cancer" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/270">NSCLC — Squamous Cell Lung Cancer</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu__item nav-item-depth-3"> <a href="/lung-cancer-basics/types-of-lung-cancer/large-cell-lung-cancer" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2761">NSCLC — Large Cell Lung Cancer</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col-preview" aria-hidden="true"> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col-preview" aria-hidden="true"> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col-preview" aria-hidden="true"> </div> <div class="mobile-branch-switch-pos" data-quickedit-entity-id="block_content/102"> <div class="block block-block-content block-block-content9de8c990-5472-41eb-95d0-13590020cdb6"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="branch-switch branch-pc align-items-center"> <div class="branch-switch-img"> </div> <div class="branch-switch-txt flex-fill"> <p class="branch-switch-label"><a href="/for-supporters-advocates">Are you a Patient or Caregiver?</a></p> <p class="mb-0"><a class="btn btn-primary mb-0" href="/for-patients-caregivers"><b>Go To Section</b></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="branch-switch branch-supporter align-items-center"> <div class="branch-switch-img"> </div> <div class="branch-switch-txt flex-fill"> <p class="branch-switch-label"><a href="/for-supporters-advocates">Are you a supporter or advocate?</a></p> <p class="mb-0"><a class="btn btn-primary mb-0" href="/for-supporters-advocates"><b>Go To Section</b></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="branch-switch branch-screening align-items-center"> <div class="branch-switch-img"> </div> <div class="branch-switch-txt flex-fill"> <p class="branch-switch-label"><a href="/screening-for-lung-cancer">Screening for Lung Cancer</a></p> <p class="mb-0"><a class="btn btn-primary mb-0" href="/for-supporters-advocates"><b>Go To Section</b></a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-menu-mega-previews"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-main-menu-preview view-id-main_menu_preview view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-ad98f5ca2d18d6ab801ba548e6eaa45be3164ba433c6a8ebc77c6d735a58d68b"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-practical-support.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Practical Support</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Get information about support with practical aspects of having cancer such as transportation to and from medical appointments, basic living needs and expenses, and employment and legal issues.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/survivor-resource-center/practical-support" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/GettyImages-629297668.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Tribute Funds</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Honor or remember a loved one by creating a LUNGevity Tribute Fund, a fundraising campaign established in honor of them that you and others can donate to.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-supporters-advocates/ways-to-give/tribute-funds" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/GettyImages-961715338.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Honor/Memorial Donations</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>When you donate in honor or memory of someone, LUNGevity will send an acknowledgment of your thoughtful donation to the person indicated but will not reveal the amount of the donation.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lungevity.donordrive.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=donate.event&eventID=578" target="_blank"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/Survivor%20Resource%20Center%20-%20Emotional%20Support%20and%20Community-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Emotional Support & Community</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Communities can help offer much-needed emotional support for people with lung cancer. Discover how LUNGevity can connect you with others.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/survivor-resource-center/emotional-support-community" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-biomarker-testing.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Biomarker Testing</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p><span>Not all lung cancers are the same. Comprehensive biomarker testing can identify specific genetic “drivers” in your cancer (called biomarkers) that cause cancer to grow and spread in different ways. This can help you identify the appropriate treatment plan for you.</span></p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/navigating-your-diagnosis/biomarker-testing" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-07/image4_thumb.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Monthly Giving</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Add hope to your monthly subscriptions by becoming a LUNGevity monthly donor. Subscribe today.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lungevity.donordrive.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=donate.event&eventID=991" target="_blank"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/Survivor%20Resource%20Center%20-%20Comp_therapies-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Complementary Therapies</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Some patients find complementary therapies beneficial in addition to their lung cancer treatments. Find out more about common complementary practices.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/survivor-resource-center/complementary-therapies" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-helpline.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Lung Cancer HELPLine</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>LUNGevity’s Lung Cancer HELPLine offers toll-free, personalized support for patients and caregivers. Dial 844-360-5864 Monday through Thursday, 10am to 6pm ET, and Friday, 10am to 5pm ET.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/support-services/lung-cancer-helpline" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-ed-materials_2.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Get Educational Materials</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>View and download materials about lung cancer, raising awareness in your community, and vital support services for survivors and their loved ones.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/helpful-tools/get-educational-materials#l"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/GettyImages-691388670.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Screening & Early Detection</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p><span><span><span><span>Finding lung cancer early on can make a difference. Learn about early detection and all the details you need to know about the screening process.</span></span></span></span></p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/node/5462"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/image4.jpg" width="1430" height="953" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Peer-to-Peer Mentoring</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p><span><span><span><span>Finding someone who understands what you’re going through isn’t easy. Patients and caregivers can get matched with one-on-one mentors who can help you navigate through the emotions and logistics of life with lung cancer. </span></span></span></span></p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/support-services/peer-to-peer-mentoring" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-07/preview-ed-materials.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Get Educational Materials</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>View and download materials about lung cancer, raising awareness in your community, and vital support services for survivors and their loved ones.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/helpful-tools/get-educational-materials#d"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/erika-giraud-b_zi7R-qIdQ-unsplash-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Survivorship Events</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Learn about LUNGevity’s survivorship conferences, which are designed to inform, connect, and empower anyone who has been affected by lung cancer.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/support-services/survivorship-events" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-lung-cancer-staging.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Lung Cancer Staging</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Learn about what lung cancer staging is, when and how it is determined, and what each specific stage means for you.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/navigating-your-diagnosis/lung-cancer-staging" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-recently-diagnosed.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Recently Diagnosed</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Are you or a loved one recently diagnosed and wondering what happens now? LUNGevity’s Right Track can guide the way to precision resources and treatment.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/navigating-your-diagnosis/recently-diagnosed" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-08/stock-market.jpg" width="477" height="350" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Gifts of Stock</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>A gift of appreciated securities can be a meaningful contribution while also providing the donor a charitable income tax deduction.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-supporters-advocates/ways-to-give/gifts-of-stock" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-online-communities.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Online Communities</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Discover many ways to connect online with other people who have been affected by lung cancer.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/support-services/online-communities" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-managing-treatment-side-effects.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Managing Treatment Side Effects</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Better understand and manage the side effects of conventional cancer therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/survivor-resource-center/managing-treatment-side-effects" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/Helpful%20Tools%20-%20Intelligent%20Nutrition%20Assistant-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Intelligent Nutrition Assistant</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Eating a healthy diet can play an important role in lung cancer care. Ina®, a personal intelligent nutrition assistant, is available 24/7 for on-demand support.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/helpful-resources/intelligent-nutrition-assistant" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-08/two-women-laptop-window.jpg" width="524" height="350" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Matching Gifts</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Find out if your employer matches contributions you make to nonprofit organizations. You may be able to double the value of your gift.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/matching-gifts" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/NAV%20DIAGNOSIS%20-%20whattoaskdoc-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">What To Ask Your Doctor</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Help guide your treatment conversations at every step with this series of questions for healthcare professionals.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/navigating-your-diagnosis/what-to-ask-your-doctor" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/Survivor%20Resource%20Center%20-%20Managing%20Breathing-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Managing Your Breathing</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Learn about pulmonary rehabilitation, a medically supervised program to help people with lung disease improve their overall physical, mental, and social functioning. </p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/survivor-resource-center/managing-your-breathing" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-family-reach.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Family Reach's Financial Treatment Program</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>A lung cancer diagnosis can often bring financial barriers with it. Financial Treatment Program helps you manage your finances to give you peace of mind.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/helpful-resources/family-reachs-financial-treatment-program" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-11/virtual-meetups-menu-tmb.jpg" width="458" height="300" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Virtual Meetups</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Make friends and find encouragement through our Virtual Meetups for patients, survivors, caregivers, and friends and family members of people with lung cancer.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/support-services/virtual-meetups" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/Helpful%20Tools%20-%20Checklists-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Checklists</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>View and download checklists to help you prepare for doctor visits and traveling.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/helpful-resources/checklists" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-additional-resources.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Additional Resources for Survivors</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Explore additional resources to help you find information on many aspects of living with lung cancer, resources in your area, and specific kinds of assistance.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/survivor-resource-center/additional-resources-for-survivors" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-take-the-quiz.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Are You Eligible for Screening?</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>See if the present guidelines suggest that you should be screened for lung cancer. Start the quiz now.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/lung-cancer-basics/screening-early-detection/are-you-eligible-for-screening" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/LUNG%20CANCER%20101%20-%20How%20Lung%20Cancer%20Develops-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">How Lung Cancer Develops</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p><span><span><span><span>Understand how the lungs work, how lung cancer develops, and how it can metastasize (spread to another part of the body).</span></span></span></span></p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/lung-cancer-basics/how-lung-cancer-develops" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/Caregiver%20Resource%20Center%20-%20Role%20of%20a%20Caregiver-THUMB_0.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Role of the Caregiver</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Caregiving may be the most difficult job you ever take on, but one of the most valuable. Discover resources to assist you with this responsibility.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/caregiver-resource-center/role-of-caregiver" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-follow-up-screening.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Follow-up After Screening</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>The results are in, and now what? Learn about the important steps you need to take after a follow-up screening.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/lung-cancer-basics/screening-early-detection/follow-up-after-screening" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-signs-symptoms.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Signs & Symptoms</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Learn how to identify the signs and symptoms of lung cancer and when it may be time to talk to your doctor.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/lung-cancer-basics/signs-symptoms" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-caregiving-tips.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Caregiving Tips</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Check out these 10 tips to help you through the caregiver process and download tip sheets on specific aspects of caregiving.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/caregiver-resource-center/caregiving-tips" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-07/image4.jpg" width="1430" height="953" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Become a Mentor</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Find out more about available peer-to-peer mentoring from survivors and caregivers as well as clinical trial ambassadors, who help shed light on the clinical trial experience.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-supporters-advocates/get-involved/become-mentor" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-types-of-lung-cancer.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Types of Lung Cancer</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Not all lung cancers are the same. Learn about the two major histologic types, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which have several subtypes.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/lung-cancer-basics/types-of-lung-cancer" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/Caregiving%20Resource%20Center%20-%20End-of-life%20planning-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">End-of-Life Planning</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>As a caregiver, you are in the best position to help your loved one address the practical, logistical, and emotional concerns that go along with an often fast-moving disease. LUNGevity has gathered resources to help you navigate this process.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/caregiver-resource-center/end-of-life-planning" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-ed-materials_1.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Get Educational Materials</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>View and download materials about lung cancer, raising awareness in your community, and vital support services for survivors and their loved ones.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-supporters-advocates/lung-cancer-awareness/get-educational-materials" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/lung-cancer-101-thumb-5.png" width="375" height="274" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Diagnosing Lung Cancer</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Discover what steps and tests are used in diagnosing lung cancer, including medical history, imaging tests, laboratory tests, biopsies, and biomarker tests.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/lung-cancer-basics/diagnosing-lung-cancer" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-additional-resources-2.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Additional Resources for Caregivers</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Explore additional resources to help you in your role as a caregiver.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/caregiver-resource-center/additional-resources-for-caregivers" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/GettyImages-1199705901.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Volunteer for Events</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Learn about events in your area and how you can start your own DIY fundraiser</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-supporters-advocates/get-involved/volunteer-for-events" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-your-medical-team.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Your Medical Team</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Many types of doctors and other healthcare professionals may be a part of your comprehensive care team. Find out more about the roles and responsibilities of your medical team.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/navigating-your-diagnosis/your-medical-team" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-more-resources.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">More Resources for Patients & Caregivers</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Browse additional resources selected to help you find more information and support.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/helpful-resources/more-resources-for-patients-caregivers" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/LUNG%20CANCER%20101%20-%20Screening-early_detection-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Why Is Early Detection Important?</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Finding lung cancer early, when it is most treatable, can save lives. Learn about early detection and what you need to know about lung cancer screening.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/screening-for-lung-cancer/early-lung-cancer-screening/why-is-early-detection-important" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-treatment-options.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Treatment Options for Lung Cancer</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Find out more about treatment options for lung cancer by type and stage of the cancer.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/navigating-your-diagnosis/treatment-options-for-lung-cancer" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/GettyImages-1248413057.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Lung Cancer Statistics</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Learn the facts about lung cancer and download infographics to share this information with others.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-supporters-advocates/lung-cancer-awareness/lung-cancer-statistics" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/navigating-your-diagnosis-thumb-4.jpg" width="375" height="274" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Questions to Ask Your Healthcare Team</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Help guide your treatment conversations at every step with this series of questions for you to ask your healthcare team.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/screening-for-lung-cancer/early-lung-cancer-screening/questions-to-ask-your-healthcare-team" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/Lung%20Cancer101-reducing-risk-MH-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Reducing Your Risk</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Take an in-depth look at many risk factors associated with lung cancer including tobacco exposure, radon, air pollution, and more.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/lung-cancer-basics/reducing-your-risk" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-social-media-ambass.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Social Media Volunteer Program</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Help promote LUNGevity and lung cancer awareness as a Social Media Ambassador. Find out more about program qualifications and apply today.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-supporters-advocates/volunteer/social-media-volunteer-program" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-lung-nodules.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">What Are Lung Nodules?</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Lung nodules can be quite common, and most are not cancerous, but it is important to understand what they are and how they may impact your treatment plan.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/lung-cancer-basics/screening-early-detection/what-are-lung-nodules" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/Helpful%20Tools%20-%20Video%20%26%20Webinar%20Library-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Glossary</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Explore a robust glossary of terms and acronyms related to lung cancer.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/helpful-resources/glossary" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-ed-materials.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Get Educational Materials</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>View and download materials about lung cancer, raising awareness in your community, and vital support services for survivors and their loved ones.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/helpful-resources/get-educational-materials" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/donate-now-thumb.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Donate Now</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Support LUNGevity Foundation with a one-time, monthly, or annual donation. Funds can be directed to lung cancer research, education and support, or areas of greatest need.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lungevity.donordrive.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=donate.event&eventID=1" target="_blank"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div id="page" class="page-max-width"> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <main class="main" id="main"> <div class="hero-field"> <div class="hero-image" style="background-image:url(/sites/default/files/2021-05/Lung%20Cancer101-reducing-risk-MH.jpg);"> <div class="hero-label"> <div> <div class="hero-label-txt col-12 col-md-auto"> <h1>Reducing Your Risk</h1> <div class="region region-breadcrumb"> <div id="block-breadcrumbs" class="block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block"> <nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2> <ol> <li> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="/lung-cancer-basics">Lung Cancer Basics</a> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-wrapper"> <div id="content" role="main"> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-lungevity-page-title" class="block block-core block-page-title-block"> </div> <div id="block-lungevity-system-main" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article data-history-node-id="202" class="node node--type-page node--view-mode-full"> <div class="node__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="width800"> <p class="large">While doctors cannot always explain why one person develops lung cancer and another does not, there are certain risk factors that research has shown increase a person’s chance of developing lung cancer.</p> <p>Included among these risk factors are:</p> <ul> <li>Tobacco smoke</li> <li>Radon</li> <li>Asbestos and other carcinogens</li> <li>Air pollution</li> <li>Family or personal history of lung cancer</li> <li>Radiation therapy</li> <li>Age 65 and older</li> <li>History of lung disease</li> <li>Diet</li> </ul> <p>Researchers are continuing to learn more about lung cancer risk factors and how to reduce them.</p> <p>The following sections provide more details about the listed lung cancer risk factors as well as ways to reduce them. Your doctor can give you more information about reducing risk.</p> <div data-ui-role="accordion" data-ui-collapsed="true"> <h2>Tobacco smoke</h2> <p>Tobacco smoke causes most cases of lung cancer. It is by far the most important risk factor for lung cancer. Among those newly diagnosed, it is estimated that about 80%-90% are either current or former smokers; the remaining 10%-20% are never smokers.<a href="#1"><sup>1</sup></a></p> <p>Harmful substances in smoke damage lung cells, cause mutations, and make the lungs more vulnerable to other cancer-causing environmental factors, such as <span class="qtip-link">asbestos</span><span class="qtip-tooltip" data-qtip-title="" data-qtip-instance="">A group of minerals that take the form of tiny fibers; has been used as insulation against heat and fire in buildings</span> and <span class="qtip-link">radon</span><span class="qtip-tooltip" data-qtip-title="" data-qtip-instance="">A radioactive gas that is released by uranium, a substance found in soil and rock</span>. Smoking cigarettes, pipes, or cigars can cause (or accelerate) lung cancer. If you are at increased risk of developing lung cancer because of smoking, speak with your doctor, who may be able to give you additional information, including referring you to a screening program. <a href="/node/256">Read more about screening here.</a><a href="#1"><sup>1</sup></a></p> <p>Secondhand smoke—smoke from other people’s tobacco use—can even cause lung cancer in nonsmokers. The more and the longer a person is exposed to smoke, the greater the risk of lung cancer. It is best not to start smoking. However, even those who do smoke can significantly lower—although never eliminate even after many years of non-smoking—their risk of developing lung cancer by quitting. In addition, it is never too late to quit; there are health benefits, including longer survival and a lower likelihood of a recurrence of their lung cancer, even to those who don’t quit smoking until after a lung cancer diagnosis. There are many tobacco cessation programs to help a smoker quit; two such programs are the US government’s program at <a href="http://www.smokefree.gov">www.smokefree.gov</a> and the American Lung Association’s <a href="https://www.lung.org/quit-smoking/join-freedom-from-smoking">Freedom from Smoking® Online</a> program.<sup><a href="#1">1</a>,<a href="#2">2</a>,<a href="#3">3</a></sup></p> <h2>Radon</h2> <p>Radon is a <span class="qtip-link">radioactive</span><span class="qtip-tooltip" data-qtip-title="" data-qtip-instance="">Giving off radiation</span> gas that you cannot see, smell, or taste. It forms naturally in soil and rocks. Radon damages lung cells, and people exposed to radon are at increased risk of lung cancer. Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer, and the risk of lung cancer from radon is even higher for smokers. Radon can be present in buildings. Because there is no way to know for sure without testing whether radon is present, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends that people test their homes for radon levels. If a high level is found, there are ways to lower it to make a home safer. For information and resources on how to protect yourself from exposure to radon, read the Environmental Protection Agency's <a href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-12/documents/2016_a_citizens_guide_to_radon.pdf">Citizen's Guide to Radon</a> or contact your local Department of Health.<sup><a href="#1">1</a>,<a href="#4">4</a></sup></p> <h2>Asbestos and other carcinogens</h2> <p>People who have certain jobs (such as those who work in the construction and chemical industries) have an increased risk of lung cancer. Exposure to asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, soot, tar, and other substances can cause lung cancer. The risk is highest for those with years of exposure. The risk of lung cancer from these <span class="qtip-link">carcinogens</span><span class="qtip-tooltip" data-qtip-title="" data-qtip-instance="">Any substance that causes cancer</span> is even higher for smokers. It is important to follow all of the safety guidelines provided by your employer. It is also a good idea to check with your doctor about any additional precautions you should take if you are exposed to these substances at work.<sup><a href="#5">5</a>,<a href="#6">6</a></sup></p> <h2>Air pollution</h2> <p>Outdoor air pollution, which can include, among other pollutants, diesel fumes, dust, and solvents as well as particulate matter (a mixture of very small solid particles and liquid droplets, such as sulfur dioxide, soot, and many others)  may increase the risk of lung cancer. The risk from air pollution is higher for smokers. Because most sources of air pollution cannot be controlled by individuals, it is policymakers who must take steps to reduce it.<sup><a href="#7">7</a>,<a href="#8">8</a></sup></p> <p>Indoor air pollution is also a risk, specifically for those who cook and/or heat their homes with kerosene fuels, coal, and biomass (organic matter used as fuel).<sup><a href="#7">7</a>,<a href="#8">8</a></sup></p> <h2>Family or personal history of lung cancer</h2> <p>People with an immediate family member—father, mother, brother, sister, son, or daughter—who has had lung cancer may be at increased risk for developing lung cancer. This is particularly the case when more than one family member is or has been affected by the disease or if a relative was diagnosed at a young age. The increased risk may be due to exposure to the same environmental risk factors, including tobacco smoke, or possibly, in rare cases, to an inherited mutation.<sup><a href="#1">1</a>,<a href="#9">9</a>,<a href="#10">10</a>,<a href="#11">11</a></sup></p> <p>People who have had lung cancer themselves are at increased risk of developing a second lung tumor; this is more likely among smokers.<a href="#1"><sup>1</sup></a></p> <h2>Radiation therapy</h2> <p>People who have had radiation therapy to the chest for cancers other than lung cancers have a higher risk of developing lung cancer. These include those who have been treated for Hodgkin lymphoma and women with breast cancer who were treated with radiation after a mastectomy.<sup> </sup>The lung cancer may take many years to develop.  Note that modern radiation therapy techniques and practices may be able to reduce this risk, but it is still a risk to be discussed with your doctor.<sup><a href="#1">1</a>,<a href="#12">12</a>,<a href="#13">13</a>,<a href="#15">14,15</a></sup></p> <h2>Age 65 and older</h2> <p>Age is a factor in lung cancer risk. More than two-thirds of people diagnosed with lung cancer are 65 years or older when diagnosed.<a href="#16"><sup>16</sup></a></p> <h2>History of lung disease</h2> <p>Having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including emphysema,  or pulmonary fibrosis, which causes scarring in lung tissue, increases lung cancer risk. In both cases, smoking increases the risk.<sup><a href="#11">11</a>,<a href="#17">17</a>,<a href="#18">18</a></sup></p> <h2>Diet</h2> <p>Drinking water from public sources is tested to ensure that the level of arsenic is below that which could cause any adverse effects, but arsenic in drinking water from private sources, e.g., wells, can increase lung cancer risk; this water should be tested.<a href="#19"><sup>19</sup></a></p> <p>There has been some evidence to show that smokers and those who have been exposed to asbestos who take high-dose beta-carotene supplements over a long period of time are more likely to develop lung cancer, so these supplements should be avoided. This is not the case for foods that are high in beta-carotene; these foods are considered safe.<a href="#20"><sup>20</sup></a></p> </div> <p class="note">Updated February 12, 2024</p> <h2 class="ref-list">References</h2> <ol class="ref-list"> <li><a name="1"></a> Lung Cancer: What Are the Risk Factors? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/risk_factors.htm">http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/risk_factors.htm</a>. Reviewed July 31, 2023. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="2"></a>What Can I Do to Reduce My Risk of Lung Cancer? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/prevention.htm">http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/prevention.htm</a>. Reviewed July 31, 2023. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="3"></a>Former Smokers and Cancer Risk. OncoLink website. <a href="http://www.oncolink.org/risk-and-prevention/smoking-tobacco-and-cancer/former-smokers-and-cancer-risk">www.oncolink.org/risk-and-prevention/smoking-tobacco-and-cancer/former-smokers-and-cancer-risk</a>. Reviewed February 28, 2022. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="4"></a>A Citizen’s Guide to Radon: The Guide to Protecting Yourself and Your Family from Radon. US Environmental Protection Agency website. <a href="http://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-12/documents/2016_a_citizens_guide_to_radon.pdf">www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-12/documents/2016_a_citizens_guide_to_radon.pdf</a>. Revised December 2016. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="5"></a>Asbestos Exposure and Cancer Risk. National Cancer Institute website. <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/asbestos/asbestos-fact-sheet">www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/asbestos/asbestos-fact-sheet</a>. Updated November 29, 2021. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="6"></a>Field RW, Withers BL. Occupational and Environmental Causes of Lung Cancer. <em>Clin Chest Med</em>. 2012 Dec; 33(4). doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2012.07.001. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3875302/">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3875302/</a>. Epub December 30, 2012. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="7"></a>Ambient (outdoor) air quality and health. World Health Organization website. <a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs313/en/">www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs313/en/</a>. Updated December 19, 2022. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="8"></a>Particulate Matter (PM) Basics. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) website. <a href="https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics">www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics</a>. Updated July 11, 2023. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="9"></a>Lung cancer. U.S. National Library of Medicine website. medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lung-cancer/. Updated August 18, 2020. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="10"></a>Gazdar A, Robinson L, et al. Hereditary Lung Cancer Syndrome Targets Never Smokers with Germline EGFR Gene T90M Mutation. <em>J Thorac Oncol</em>. 2014 Apr; 9(4):456-463. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000130. <a href="http://www.jto.org/article/S1556-0864(15)30240-9/pdf">www.jto.org/article/S1556-0864(15)30240-9/pdf</a>. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="11"></a>NCCN Guidelines for Patients: Lung Cancer Screening. Version 1.2020. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network website. <a href="https://www.nccn.org/patients/guidelines/content/PDF/lung_screening-patient.pdf">https://www.nccn.org/patients/guidelines/content/PDF/lung_screening-patient.pdf</a>. Based on Version 2.2023 – May 17, 2013. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="12"></a>Kamran SC, et al. Therapeutic radiation and the potential risk of second malignancies. 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