CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Nepalese Civil War - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"d8bf5d64-0ebe-4573-ae1e-2336acf2979d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Nepalese_Civil_War","wgTitle":"Nepalese Civil War","wgCurRevisionId":1275588414,"wgRevisionId":1275588414,"wgArticleId":369826,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1: unfit URL","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from June 2015","CS1 uses Nepali-language script (ne)","CS1 Nepali-language sources (ne)","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from April 2021","EngvarB from January 2021","Articles needing additional references from May 2015","All articles needing additional references","Articles needing cleanup from February 2021","All pages needing cleanup","Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from February 2021","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023","Commons category link from Wikidata","Nepalese Civil War","1990s in Nepal","2000s in Nepal","1997 crimes in Nepal","1990s crimes in Nepal","2000s crimes in Nepal","2006 in Nepal","21st-century rebellions","Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Asia","Civil wars of the 20th century","Civil wars of the 21st century","Communism in Nepal","Communist revolutions","Guerrilla wars","History of Nepal (1951–2008)","Maoism in Nepal","Nepalese democracy movements","Politics of Nepal","Revolution-based civil wars","Wars involving Nepal"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Nepalese_Civil_War","wgRelevantArticleId":369826,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2002975","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.20"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Nepalese_Civil_War.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="949"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Nepalese_Civil_War.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="633"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="506"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Nepalese Civil War - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalese_Civil_War"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalese_Civil_War"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Nepalese_Civil_War rootpage-Nepalese_Civil_War skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nepalese+Civil+War" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nepalese+Civil+War" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nepalese+Civil+War" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nepalese+Civil+War" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Timeline subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2001" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2001"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>2001</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2001-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2002" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2002"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>2002</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2002-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2003" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2003"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>2003</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2003-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2004" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2004"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>2004</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2004-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2005" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2005"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>2005</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2005-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>2006</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transitional_justice_bodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transitional_justice_bodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Transitional justice bodies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transitional_justice_bodies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transitional justice bodies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transitional_justice_bodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Army_integration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Army_integration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Army integration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Army_integration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nepalese Civil War</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الحرب الأهلية النيبالية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحرب الأهلية النيبالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal_v%C9%99t%C9%99nda%C5%9F_m%C3%BCharib%C9%99si" title="Nepal vətəndaş müharibəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nepal vətəndaş müharibəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%9E_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Грамадзянская вайна ў Непале – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грамадзянская вайна ў Непале" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_Civil_del_Nepal" title="Guerra Civil del Nepal – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guerra Civil del Nepal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nep%C3%A1lsk%C3%A1_ob%C4%8Dansk%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka" title="Nepálská občanská válka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nepálská občanská válka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyfel_Cartref_Nepal" title="Rhyfel Cartref Nepal – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhyfel Cartref Nepal" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="नेपालको जनयुद्ध – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="नेपालको जनयुद्ध" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_civil_nepalesa" title="Guerra civil nepalesa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerra civil nepalesa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlanda_milito_en_Nepalo" title="Enlanda milito en Nepalo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Enlanda milito en Nepalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84" title="جنگ داخلی نپال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ داخلی نپال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_civile_n%C3%A9palaise" title="Guerre civile népalaise – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerre civile népalaise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%ED%8C%94_%EB%82%B4%EC%A0%84" title="네팔 내전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네팔 내전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Նեպալի քաղաքացիական պատերազմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նեպալի քաղաքացիական պատերազմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%C4%91anski_rat_u_Nepalu" title="Građanski rat u Nepalu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Građanski rat u Nepalu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Nepal" title="Perang Saudara Nepal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Saudara Nepal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ნეპალის სამოქალაქო ომი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნეპალის სამოქალაქო ომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="नेपालक जनयुद्ध – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="नेपालक जनयुद्ध" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="नेपाळी यादवी युद्ध – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नेपाळी यादवी युद्ध" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalese_Burgeroorlog" title="Nepalese Burgeroorlog – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nepalese Burgeroorlog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="माओवादी जनयुद्ध – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="माओवादी जनयुद्ध" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E5%86%85%E6%88%A6" title="ネパール内戦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネパール内戦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Civila_de_Nepal" title="Guèrra Civila de Nepal – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Guèrra Civila de Nepal" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojna_domowa_w_Nepalu" title="Wojna domowa w Nepalu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wojna domowa w Nepalu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_Civil_do_Nepal" title="Guerra Civil do Nepal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerra Civil do Nepal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Гражданская война в Непале – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гражданская война в Непале" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%95%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AE%DB%86%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%B5" title="شەڕی ناوخۆییی نیپاڵ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەڕی ناوخۆییی نیپاڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Непалски грађански рат – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Непалски грађански рат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalin_sis%C3%A4llissota" title="Nepalin sisällissota – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nepalin sisällissota" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inb%C3%B6rdeskriget_i_Nepal" title="Inbördeskriget i Nepal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Inbördeskriget i Nepal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="நேபாள மக்கள் புரட்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நேபாள மக்கள் புரட்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5" title="สงครามกลางเมืองเนปาล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สงครามกลางเมืองเนปาล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal_%C4%B0%C3%A7_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Nepal İç Savaşı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nepal İç Savaşı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Громадянська війна в Непалі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Громадянська війна в Непалі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%E1%BB%99i_chi%E1%BA%BFn_Nepal" title="Nội chiến Nepal – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nội chiến Nepal" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E7%88%BE%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" title="尼泊爾內戰 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="尼泊爾內戰" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="尼泊尔内战 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尼泊尔内战" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2002975#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Civil_War" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Nepalese_Civil_War" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Civil_War"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Civil_War"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Nepalese_Civil_War" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Nepalese_Civil_War" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&oldid=1275588414" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Nepalese_Civil_War&id=1275588414&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNepalese_Civil_War"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNepalese_Civil_War"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nepalese_Civil_War" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2002975" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Maoist insurgency in Nepal (1996–2006)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nepalese_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Nepalese Civil War">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Nepalese+Civil+War%22">"Nepalese Civil War"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Nepalese+Civil+War%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Nepalese+Civil+War%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Nepalese+Civil+War%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Nepalese+Civil+War%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Nepalese+Civil+War%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Nepalese Civil War</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nepalese_Civil_War.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Nepalese_Civil_War.jpg/280px-Nepalese_Civil_War.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Nepalese_Civil_War.jpg/420px-Nepalese_Civil_War.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Nepalese_Civil_War.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="356" /></a></span><br />A Nepalese Maoist rebel speaks to villagers in the area around <a href="/wiki/Piskar" title="Piskar">Piskar</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>13 February 1996 – 21 November 2006<br />(10 years, 9 months, 1 week and 1 day)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Peace_Accord" title="Comprehensive Peace Accord">Comprehensive Peace Accord</a><br /> Abolition of Nepalese monarchy<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Armed_Forces" title="Nepalese Armed Forces">Nepalese Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_Army" title="Nepali Army">Royal Nepali Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Police" title="Nepal Police">Nepal Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Police_Force" title="Armed Police Force">Armed Police Force</a></li></ul> <b>Supported by:</b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><sup id="cite_ref-reliefweb_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reliefweb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a><sup id="cite_ref-reliefweb_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reliefweb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-reliefweb_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reliefweb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Nepal_(Maoist_Centre)" title="Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)">Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)</a><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army,_Nepal" title="People's Liberation Army, Nepal">People's Liberation Army, Nepal</a></li></ul> <p><b>Supported by:</b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/CPI-M-flag.svg/23px-CPI-M-flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/CPI-M-flag.svg/35px-CPI-M-flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/CPI-M-flag.svg/45px-CPI-M-flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Maoist)" title="Communist Party of India (Maoist)">Communist Party of India (Maoist)</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/CPI-M-flag.svg/23px-CPI-M-flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/CPI-M-flag.svg/35px-CPI-M-flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/CPI-M-flag.svg/45px-CPI-M-flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Communist_Party_(Maoist)" title="Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist)">Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist)</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <b>Political support:</b> <a href="/wiki/Nepali_Congress" title="Nepali Congress">Nepali Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/King_of_Nepal" title="King of Nepal">King of Nepal</a></b>:<br /><a href="/wiki/Birendra_of_Nepal" title="Birendra of Nepal">Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev</a> (1972–2001)<br /><a href="/wiki/Gyanendra_of_Nepal" title="Gyanendra of Nepal">Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev</a> (2001–2008)<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span></span><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nepal" title="Prime Minister of Nepal">Prime Minister of Nepal</a></b>:<br /><a href="/wiki/Sher_Bahadur_Deuba" title="Sher Bahadur Deuba">Sher Bahadur Deuba</a> (1995–1997; 2001–2002; 2004–2005)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lokendra_Bahadur_Chand" title="Lokendra Bahadur Chand">Lokendra Bahadur Chand</a> (1997–1997; 2002–2003)<br /><a href="/wiki/Surya_Bahadur_Thapa" title="Surya Bahadur Thapa">Surya Bahadur Thapa</a> (1997–1998; 2003–2004)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Girija_Prasad_Koirala" title="Girija Prasad Koirala">Girija Prasad Koirala</a> (1998–1999; 2000–2001; 2006–2008)<br /><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Prasad_Bhattarai" title="Krishna Prasad Bhattarai">Krishna Prasad Bhattarai</a> (1999–2000)<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Army_Staff_(Nepal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Army Staff (Nepal)">COAS of the Nepalese Army</a>:</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Dharmapaal_Barsingh_Thapa" title="Dharmapaal Barsingh Thapa">Dharmapaal Barsingh Thapa</a> (1995–1999) <br /> Prajwalla Shumsher JBR (1999–2003) <br /><a href="/wiki/Pyar_Jung_Thapa" title="Pyar Jung Thapa">Pyar Jung Thapa</a> (2003–2006) <br /><a href="/wiki/Rookmangud_Katawal" title="Rookmangud Katawal">Rookmangud Katawal</a> (2006–2009)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Inspector_General_of_Police_(Nepal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inspector General of Police (Nepal)">IGP of Nepal Police</a>:</b> <br /><a href="/wiki/Moti_Lal_Bohora" title="Moti Lal Bohora">Moti Lal Bohora</a> (1992–1996) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Achyut_Krishna_Kharel" title="Achyut Krishna Kharel">Achyut Krishna Kharel</a> (1996–1996; 1996–1999) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Dhruba_Bahadur_Pradhan" title="Dhruba Bahadur Pradhan">Dhruba Bahadur Pradhan</a> (1996–1996)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Pradip_Shumsher_J.B.R." title="Pradip Shumsher J.B.R.">Pradip Shumsher J.B.R.</a> (1999–2002)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Shyam_Bhakta_Thapa" title="Shyam Bhakta Thapa">Shyam Bhakta Thapa</a> (2002–2006)<br /><a href="/wiki/Om_Bikram_Rana" title="Om Bikram Rana">Om Bikram Rana</a> (2006–2008)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pushpa_Kamal_Dahal" title="Pushpa Kamal Dahal">Pushpa Kamal Dahal</a><br />(Prachanda)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Baburam_Bhattarai" title="Baburam Bhattarai">Baburam Bhattarai</a> (Laldhwaj)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mohan_Baidya" title="Mohan Baidya">Mohan Baidya</a> (Kiran)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nanda_Kishor_Pun" title="Nanda Kishor Pun">Nanda Kishor Pun</a><br />(Pasang)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ram_Bahadur_Thapa" title="Ram Bahadur Thapa">Ram Bahadur Thapa</a><br />(Badal)<sup id="cite_ref-nepalitimes_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nepalitimes-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Maoist%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netra_Bikram_Chand" class="mw-redirect" title="Netra Bikram Chand">Netra Bikram Chand</a><br />(Biplav)<sup id="cite_ref-nepalitimes_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nepalitimes-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 95,000</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 50,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 4,500 killed<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Douglas-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 8,200 killed (guerrillas)<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Douglas-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> 17,800 killed overall<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> 1,300 missing<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nepalese_Civil_War960" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Nepalese_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Nepalese Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Nepalese_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Nepalese Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Nepalese_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Nepalese Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nepalese_Civil_War960" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="wrap">Nepalese Civil War</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>2001</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_royal_massacre" title="Nepalese royal massacre">Royal massacre</a></li></ul> <p><b>2002</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_Achham_incident" title="2002 Achham incident">Achham</a></li></ul> <p><b>2003</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bhalubang" title="Battle of Bhalubang">Bhalubang</a></li></ul> <p><b>2004</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Beni_attack" title="2004 Beni attack">Beni</a></li></ul> <p><b>2005</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Nepal_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2005 Nepal coup d'état">Coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Khara" title="Second Battle of Khara">2nd Khara</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Nepal" title="Category:History of Nepal">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nepal" title="History of Nepal">History of <span class="fn org label">Nepal</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;padding:0.5em 0;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gorkha_Empire_1805.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Nepal"><img alt="Map of Nepal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gorkha_Empire_1805.jpg/200px-Gorkha_Empire_1805.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gorkha_Empire_1805.jpg/300px-Gorkha_Empire_1805.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gorkha_Empire_1805.jpg/400px-Gorkha_Empire_1805.jpg 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="269" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepal#Etymology" title="Nepal">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Nepalese_history" title="Timeline of Nepalese history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_migration_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Aryan migration theory">Urheimat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="height:auto;padding-top:0.2em;background:#e3e3ff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ancient</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowrap" style="text-align:left"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Stone_Age#Neolithic" title="South Asian Stone Age">Neolithic</a>, c. 7600 – c. 3300 BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_India" title="Bronze Age India">Bronze Age</a>, c. 3300 – c. 1200 BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Age India">Iron Age</a>, c. 1200 – c. 200 BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakya" title="Shakya">Shakya Kingdom</a>, c. 1st millennium BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Nepal in Mahabharata</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parvata_kingdom" title="Parvata kingdom">Parvata kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepa_kingdom" title="Nepa kingdom">Nepa kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalaya_kingdom" title="Himalaya kingdom">Himalaya kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirata_kingdom" title="Kirata kingdom">Kirata kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasas_(Mahabharata)" title="Khasas (Mahabharata)">Khasas in Mahabharata</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbuwan" title="Limbuwan">Limbuwan tribal states</a> c. 580 BCE – 1774 CE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Videhas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of the Videhas">Videha kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopala_dynasty" title="Gopala dynasty">Gopala dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahisapala_dynasty" title="Mahisapala dynasty">Mahisapala dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soma_dynasty" title="Soma dynasty">Soma dynasty</a>, c. 205 – c. 305</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em; border-top:#aaa 1px solid"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="height:auto;padding-top:0.2em;background:#e3e3ff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Classical</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowrap" style="text-align:left"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licchavi_(kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Licchavi (kingdom)">Licchavi Kingdom</a>, c. 400 – c. 750 CE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thakuri_dynasty" title="Thakuri dynasty">Thakuri dynasty</a>, c. 600 – c. 1200</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katyuri_kings" class="mw-redirect" title="Katyuri kings">Katyuri kings</a>, c. 700 CE – 1065 CE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khas_Malla_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Khas Malla Kingdom">Khas Malla Kingdom</a>, c. 954 CE – 14th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnat_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnat dynasty">Karnat dynasty</a>, c. 1097 CE – c. 1324 CE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malla_(Kathmandu_Valley)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malla (Kathmandu Valley)">Malla Dynasty</a>, c. 1201 – 1482</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chand_kings" class="mw-redirect" title="Chand kings">Chand kings</a> c. 12th century CE – 1790 CE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Lo">Kingdom of Lo</a> c. 1380 CE – 1795 CE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallala_dynasty" title="Kallala dynasty">Kallala dynasty</a> c. 1404 CE – 1789 CE</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="height:auto;padding-top:0.2em;background:#e3e3ff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Golden Age</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowrap" style="text-align:left"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>Three Kingdoms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kantipur" title="Kingdom of Kantipur">Kingdom of Kantipur</a>, c. 1484 – 1826</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Patan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Patan">Kingdom of Patan</a>, c. 1482 – 1768</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bhaktapur" title="Kingdom of Bhaktapur">Kingdom of Bhaktapur</a>, c. 1482 – 1769</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chaubisi_Rajya" title="Chaubisi Rajya">Twenty-four kingdoms</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 106%;"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Argha" title="Kingdom of Argha">Kingdom of Argha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bajhang" title="Kingdom of Bajhang">Kingdom of Bajhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bhirkot" title="Kingdom of Bhirkot">Kingdom of Bhirkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Butwal" title="Kingdom of Butwal">Kingdom of Butwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dhor" title="Kingdom of Dhor">Kingdom of Dhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dhurkot" title="Kingdom of Dhurkot">Kingdom of Dhurkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galkot" title="Kingdom of Galkot">Kingdom of Galkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ghiring" title="Kingdom of Ghiring">Kingdom of Ghiring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Garahun" title="Kingdom of Garahun">Kingdom of Garahun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gorkha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Gorkha">Kingdom of Gorkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gulmi" title="Kingdom of Gulmi">Kingdom of Gulmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Isma" title="Kingdom of Isma">Kingdom of Isma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaski" title="Kingdom of Kaski">Kingdom of Kaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Khanchi" title="Kingdom of Khanchi">Kingdom of Khanchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lamjung" title="Kingdom of Lamjung">Kingdom of Lamjung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Musikot" title="Kingdom of Musikot">Kingdom of Musikot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nuwakot" title="Kingdom of Nuwakot">Kingdom of Nuwakot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Paiyun" title="Kingdom of Paiyun">Kingdom of Paiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Palpa" title="Kingdom of Palpa">Kingdom of Palpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Parbat" title="Kingdom of Parbat">Kingdom of Parbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pyuthan" title="Kingdom of Pyuthan">Kingdom of Pyuthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rishing" title="Kingdom of Rishing">Kingdom of Rishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Satahun" title="Kingdom of Satahun">Kingdom of Satahun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tanahun" title="Kingdom of Tanahun">Kingdom of Tanahun</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Baise_Rajya" title="Baise Rajya">Twenty-two kingdoms</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 106%;"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jumla" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Jumla">Kingdom of Jumla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Doti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Doti (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Doti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Jajarkot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Jajarkot (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Jajarkot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Bajura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Bajura (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Bajura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Musikot_(Baise)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Musikot (Baise) (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Musikot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Gajur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Gajur (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Gajur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Biskot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Biskot (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Biskot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Malneta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Malneta (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Malneta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Thalahara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Thalahara (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Thalahara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Dailekh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Dailekh (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Dailekh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Dullu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Dullu (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Dullu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Duryal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Duryal (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Duryal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Dang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Dang (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Dang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Sallyana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Sallyana (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Sallyana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Chilli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Chilli (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Chilli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Phalawagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Phalawagh (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Phalawagh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Jehari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Jehari (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Jehari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Darnar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Darnar (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Darnar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Atbis_Gotam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Atbis Gotam (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Atbis Gotam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Majal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Majal (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Majal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Gurnakot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Gurnakot (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Gurnakot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Rukum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Rukum (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Rukum</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="height:auto;padding-top:0.2em;background:#e3e3ff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Modern</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowrap" style="text-align:left"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shah_dynasty" title="Shah dynasty">Shah dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Nepal" title="Unification of Nepal">Unification of Nepal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nuwakot" title="Battle of Nuwakot">Battle of Nuwakot</a>, c. 1744</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makwanpur_(1762)" title="Battle of Makwanpur (1762)">Battle of Makwanpur</a>, c. 1762</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirtipur" title="Battle of Kirtipur">Battle of Kirtipur</a>, c. 1767</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sindhuli" title="Battle of Sindhuli">Battle of Sindhuli</a>, c.1767</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kathmandu" title="Battle of Kathmandu">Battle of Kathmandu</a>, c. 1768</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lalitpur" title="Battle of Lalitpur">Battle of Lalitpur</a>, c. 1768</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bhaktapur" title="Battle of Bhaktapur">Battle of Bhaktapur</a>, c. 1769</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Declaration of Kingdom of Nepal</a>, c. 1768</li> <li>Sino-Nepalese War <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Nepalese_War" title="Sino-Nepalese War">First Campaign Against Tibetans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Nepalese_War" title="Sino-Nepalese War">Second Campaign Against Gurkhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Nepal-Tibet_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Nepal-Tibet War">Third Nepal-Tibet War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pande_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Pande dynasty">Pande dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thapa_dynasty" title="Thapa dynasty">Thapa dynasty</a> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khurbura" title="Battle of Khurbura">Battle of Khurbura</a>, c. 1804</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1806_Bhandarkhal_massacre" title="1806 Bhandarkhal massacre">1806 Bhandarkhal massacre</a>, c. 1806</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurkha%E2%80%93Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurkha–Sikh War">Gurkha–Sikh War</a>, c. 1809</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Nepalese_War" title="Anglo-Nepalese War">Anglo-Nepalese War</a> c. 1814 – 1816 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nalapani" title="Battle of Nalapani">Battle of Nalapani</a>, c. 1814</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaithak" title="Battle of Jaithak">Battle of Jaithak</a>, c. 1814</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makwanpur_(1816)" title="Battle of Makwanpur (1816)">Battle of Makwanpur</a>, c. 1816</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Sugauli" title="Treaty of Sugauli">Treaty of Sugauli</a>, c. 1816</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigade_of_Gurkhas" title="Brigade of Gurkhas">Brigade of Gurkhas</a>, c. 1816</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rana_dynasty" title="Rana dynasty">Rana dynasty</a>, c.1846 – 1951 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kot_massacre" title="Kot massacre">Kot massacre</a>, c. 1846</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1846_Bhandarkhal_massacre" title="1846 Bhandarkhal massacre">1846 Bhandarkhal massacre</a>, c. 1846</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alau" title="Battle of Alau">Battle of Alau</a>, c. 1847</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biratnagar_Jute_Mill_Strike" title="Biratnagar Jute Mill Strike">Biratnagar Jute Mill Strike</a>, c. 1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatu_Sanskritam" title="Jayatu Sanskritam">Jayatu Sanskritam</a>, c. 1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Nepalese_revolution" title="1951 Nepalese revolution">1951 Nepalese revolution</a>, c. 1951</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Accord" title="Delhi Accord">Delhi Accord</a>, c. 1951</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="height:auto;padding-top:0.2em;background:#e3e3ff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Contemporary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowrap" style="text-align:left"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panchayat_(Nepal)" title="Panchayat (Nepal)">Panchayat</a>, c. 1960 – 1990</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Village_National_Campaign" title="Back to the Village National Campaign">Back to the Village National Campaign</a>, c. 1967 – 1975</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Nepalese_revolution" title="1990 Nepalese revolution">1990 Nepalese revolution</a>, c. 1990</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nepalese Civil War</a>, c. 1996 – 2006 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_royal_massacre" title="Nepalese royal massacre">Nepalese royal massacre</a>, c. 2001</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bhalubang" title="Battle of Bhalubang">Battle of Bhalubang</a>, c. 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Beni_attack" title="2004 Beni attack">2004 Beni attack</a>, c. 2004</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Khara" title="Second Battle of Khara">Second Battle of Khara</a>, c. 2005</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Nepalese_revolution" title="2006 Nepalese revolution">2006 Nepalese revolution</a>, c. 2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Peace_Accord" title="Comprehensive Peace Accord">Comprehensive Peace Accord</a>, c. 2006</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Nepalese_Constituent_Assembly" title="1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly">1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly</a>, c. 2008</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_humanitarian_crisis_(2015-2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal humanitarian crisis (2015-2017)">Nepal humanitarian crisis</a>, c. 2015 – 2017</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquake" title="April 2015 Nepal earthquake">April 2015 Nepal earthquake</a>, c. 2015</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2015_Nepal_earthquake" title="May 2015 Nepal earthquake">May 2015 Nepal earthquake</a>, c. 2015</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Nepal_blockade" title="2015 Nepal blockade">2015 Nepal blockade</a>, c. 2015</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Mount_Everest_avalanches" title="2015 Mount Everest avalanches">2015 Mount Everest avalanches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nepal" title="Constitution of Nepal">Constitution of Nepal</a>, c. 2015</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/34px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nepal" title="Portal:Nepal">Nepal portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Nepal" title="Template:History of Nepal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Nepal" title="Template talk:History of Nepal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Nepal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Nepal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Politics series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Anti-monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption" title="Anti-corruption">Anti-corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_virtue" title="Civic virtue">Civic virtue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_society" title="Civil society">Civil society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">Consent of the governed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">Democratization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty#Republican_liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty as non-domination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_government" title="Mixed government">Mixed government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_representation" title="Political representation">Political representation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">Popular sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_participation_(decision_making)" title="Public participation (decision making)">Public participation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Res_publica" title="Res publica">Res publica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-governance" title="Self-governance">Self-governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">Separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_contract" title="Social contract">Social contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">Social equality</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_republicanism" title="Classical republicanism">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_republicanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal republicanism">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemalism" title="Kemalism">Kemalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khomeinism" title="Khomeinism">Khomeinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_republicanism" title="Modern republicanism">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasserism" title="Nasserism">Nasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism#Neo-republicanism" title="Republicanism">Neo-republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venizelism" title="Venizelism">Venizelism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Types</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_republic" title="Autonomous republic">Autonomous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_republic" title="Capitalist republic">Capitalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_republic" title="Christian republic">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_republic" title="Democratic republic">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_republic" title="Federal republic">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_empire" title="Republican empire">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_republic" title="Islamic republic">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_republics" title="Maritime republics">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">Parliamentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_republic" title="Peasant republic">Peasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_republic" title="People's republic">People's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_republic" title="Revolutionary republic">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular republic">Secular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_republic" title="Sister republic">Sister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_republic" title="Soviet republic">Soviet</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Philosophers</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Arendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Baggini" title="Julian Baggini">Baggini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Bello" title="Andrés Bello">Bello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin">Bodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Cattaneo" title="Carlo Cattaneo">Cattaneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Grace_Chappell" title="Sophie Grace Chappell">Chappell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Crick" title="Bernard Crick">Crick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harrington_(author)" title="James Harrington (author)">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Honderich" title="Ted Honderich">Honderich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli">Machiavelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Pettit" title="Philip Pettit">Pettit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sandel" title="Michael Sandel">Sandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algernon_Sidney" title="Algernon Sidney">Sidney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cass_Sunstein" title="Cass Sunstein">Sunstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Warburton" title="Nigel Warburton">Warburton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Wollstonecraft</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Adams" title="Gerry Adams">Adams (Gerry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams (John)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Aza%C3%B1a" title="Manuel Azaña">Azaña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bartley" title="Jonathan Bartley">Bartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Benn" title="Tony Benn">Benn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Bennett" title="Natalie Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Bolívar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Chapman" title="Maggie Chapman">Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katy_Clark" title="Katy Clark">Clark (Katy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Clarke_(Irish_republican)" title="Tom Clarke (Irish republican)">Clarke (Tom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Cromwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Davidson_(Scottish_politician)" title="Ian Davidson (Scottish politician)">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Drakeford" title="Mark Drakeford">Drakeford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Etherington" title="Bill Etherington">Etherington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Fabiani" title="Linda Fabiani">Fabiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Ferguson_(politician)" title="Mark Ferguson (politician)">Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Flynn" title="Stephen Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Gambetta" title="Léon Gambetta">Gambetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Garibaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Gr%C3%A9vy" title="Jules Grévy">Grévy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nia_Griffith" title="Nia Griffith">Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Griffiths_(Welsh_politician)" title="John Griffiths (Welsh politician)">Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Harvie" title="Patrick Harvie">Harvie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Hatton" title="Derek Hatton">Hatton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_H%C3%A9bert" title="Jacques Hébert">Hébert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Hopkins" title="Kelvin Hopkins">Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Huppert" title="Julian Huppert">Huppert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhun_ap_Iorwerth" title="Rhun ap Iorwerth">Iorwerth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenda_Jackson" title="Glenda Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elin_Jones" title="Elin Jones">Jones (Elin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynne_Jones" title="Lynne Jones">Jones (Lynne)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Benito Juárez">Juárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosie_Kane" title="Rosie Kane">Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_La_Malfa" title="Ugo La Malfa">La Malfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Lewis_(politician)" title="Clive Lewis (politician)">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Lucas" title="Caroline Lucas">Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillian_Mackay" title="Gillian Mackay">Mackay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie" title="William Lyon Mackenzie">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magid_Magid" title="Magid Magid">Magid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Mannin" title="Ethel Mannin">Mannin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McDonnell" title="John McDonnell">McDonnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_McKechin" title="Ann McKechin">McKechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Mullin_(politician)" title="Chris Mullin (politician)">Mullin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Nandy" title="Lisa Nandy">Nandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Naysmith" title="Doug Naysmith">Naysmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pound" title="Stephen Pound">Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ritchie" title="Ken Ritchie">Ritchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Robespierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethan_Sayed" title="Bethan Sayed">Sayed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Skates" title="Ken Skates">Skates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Skinner" title="Dennis Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorna_Slater" title="Lorna Slater">Slater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Slaughter" title="Andy Slaughter">Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Smith" title="Cat Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini">Spadolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Taverne" title="Dick Taverne">Taverne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Wilson_(Scottish_politician)" title="Bill Wilson (Scottish politician)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leanne_Wood" title="Leanne Wood">Wood</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Theoretical works</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Republic_(Plato)" title="Republic (Plato)">Republic</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 375 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_re_publica" title="De re publica">De re publica</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(54–51 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Discourses_on_Livy" title="Discourses on Livy">Discourses on Livy</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1531)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tenure_of_Kings_and_Magistrates" title="The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates">The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1649)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Commonwealth_of_Oceana" title="The Commonwealth of Oceana">The Commonwealth of Oceana</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1656)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Discourses_Concerning_Government" title="Discourses Concerning Government">Discourses Concerning Government</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1698)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Law" title="The Spirit of Law">The Spirit of Law</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1748)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Discourse_on_Inequality" title="Discourse on Inequality">Discourse on Inequality</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1755)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Contract" title="The Social Contract">The Social Contract</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1762)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers">The Federalist Papers</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1787–1788)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rights_of_Man" title="Rights of Man">Rights of Man</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1791)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Peace:_A_Philosophical_Sketch" title="Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch">Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1794)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1835–1840)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Revolution" title="On Revolution">On Revolution</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1963)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga%E1%B9%87asa%E1%B9%85gha" title="Gaṇasaṅgha"><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Gaṇasaṅgha</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Classical Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Republic of Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Spanish American wars of independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trienio_Liberal" title="Trienio Liberal">Trienio Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848" title="French Revolution of 1848">French Revolution of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution" title="5 October 1910 revolution">5 October 1910 revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">Chinese Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution of 1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1921" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1921">Mongolian Revolution of 1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_September_1922_Revolution" title="11 September 1922 Revolution">11 September 1922 Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Greek_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1935 Greek coup d'état attempt">1935 Greek coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_institutional_referendum" title="1946 Italian institutional referendum">1946 Italian institutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">14 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_civil_war" title="North Yemen civil war">North Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_Revolution" title="Zanzibar Revolution">Zanzibar Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1969 Libyan coup d'état">1969 Libyan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Cambodian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1970 Cambodian coup d'état">1970 Cambodian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitefsi" title="Metapolitefsi">Metapolitefsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Fijian_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1987 Fijian coups d'état">1987 Fijian coups d'état</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nepalese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Barbados" title="Republicanism in Barbados">Barbadian Republic Proclamation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">National variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Republicanism in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Australia" title="Republicanism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_Bahamas" title="Republicanism in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Barbados" title="Republicanism in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Canada" title="Republicanism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Jamaica" title="Republicanism in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-monarchism_in_Japan" title="Anti-monarchism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Morocco" title="Republicanism in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Republicanism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_New_Zealand" title="Republicanism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Norway" title="Republicanism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Spain" title="Republicanism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Sweden" title="Republicanism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_republicanism" title="Scottish republicanism">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_republicanism" title="Welsh republicanism">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Classical radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_good" title="Common good">Common good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_monarchy" title="Criticism of monarchy">Criticism of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor%27s_New_Clothes" title="The Emperor's New Clothes">The Emperor's New Clothes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(politics)" title="Jacobin (politics)">Jacobinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_republics" title="List of republics">List of republics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_republic" title="Peasant republic">Peasant republic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Primus_inter_pares" title="Primus inter pares">Primus inter pares</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_without_republicans" title="Republic without republicans">Republic without republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_empire" title="Republican empire">Republican empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Republican Party (disambiguation)">Republican Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/15px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/23px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/30px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Republicanism_sidebar" title="Template:Republicanism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Republicanism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Republicanism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Republicanism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Republicanism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Nepalese</b> <b>Civil War</b> was a protracted armed conflict that took place in the then <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a> from 1996 to 2006. It saw countrywide fighting between the Kingdom rulers and the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Nepal_(Maoist_Centre)" title="Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)">Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)</a>, with the latter making significant use of <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conflict began on 13 February 1996, when the CPN (Maoist) initiated an insurgency with the stated purpose of overthrowing the Nepali monarchy and establishing a <a href="/wiki/People%27s_republic" title="People's republic">people's republic</a>; it ended with the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Peace_Accord" title="Comprehensive Peace Accord">Comprehensive Peace Accord</a> on 21 November 2006. </p><p>The civil war was characterized by numerous <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summary executions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massacre" title="Massacre">massacres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">purges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">kidnappings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wartime_sexual_violence" title="Wartime sexual violence">mass rapes</a>. It resulted in the deaths of over 17,000 people, including civilians, insurgents, and army and police personnel; and the internal displacement of hundreds of thousands of people, mostly throughout rural Nepal. The <a href="/wiki/Truth_commission" title="Truth commission">Truth and Reconciliation Commission</a> has received about 63,000 complaints, as reported by commissioner Madhabi Bhatta, while the Commission for Investigation of Enforced Disappearances has received around 3,000.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ktm2006-malema.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ktm2006-malema.JPG/220px-Ktm2006-malema.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ktm2006-malema.JPG/330px-Ktm2006-malema.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ktm2006-malema.JPG/440px-Ktm2006-malema.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1056" /></a><figcaption>Communist <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a>. It reads: "Long Live <a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism%E2%80%93Maoism%E2%80%93Prachanda_Path" title="Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path">Marxism–Leninism–Maoism and Prachanda Path</a>!"</figcaption></figure> <p>On 10 January 1990, the <a href="/wiki/United_Left_Front_(Nepal,_1990)" title="United Left Front (Nepal, 1990)">United Left Front (ULF)</a> was formed,<sup id="cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawoti-Pahari-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 331">: 331 </span></sup> which, together with the <a href="/wiki/Nepali_Congress" title="Nepali Congress">Nepali Congress</a>, was the backbone of the movement for democratic change. However, communist groups, uncomfortable with the alliance between the ULF and the Congress, formed a parallel front: the <a href="/wiki/United_National_People%27s_Movement" title="United National People's Movement">United National People's Movement (UNPM)</a>. The UNPM called for elections to a <a href="/wiki/Constituent_assembly" title="Constituent assembly">constituent assembly</a>, and rejected compromises made by the ULF and the Congress party with the palace. In November 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Nepal_(Unity_Centre)" title="Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)">Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)</a>, or CPN(UC), was formed, and included key elements of the UNPM. On 21 January 1991, the CPN(UC) set up the <a href="/wiki/United_People%27s_Front_of_Nepal" title="United People's Front of Nepal">United People's Front of Nepal (UPFN)</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Baburam_Bhattarai" title="Baburam Bhattarai">Baburam Bhattarai</a> as its head, as an open front to contest elections.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawoti-Pahari-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 332">: 332 </span></sup> The CPN(UC) held its first convention on 25 November 1991;<sup id="cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawoti-Pahari-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 332">: 332 </span></sup> it adopted a line of "protracted armed struggle on the route to a new democratic revolution",<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and decided that the party would remain an underground party. In the <a href="/wiki/1991_Nepalese_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Nepalese legislative election">1991 election</a>, the UPFN became the third-largest party in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Nepal)" title="House of Representatives (Nepal)">Nepali parliament</a>. However, disagreements within the UPFN surged, regarding which tactics were to be used by the party. One group, led by <a href="/wiki/Pushpa_Kamal_Dahal" title="Pushpa Kamal Dahal">Pushpa Kamal Dahal (Prachanda)</a>, argued for immediate armed revolution, while the other group, led by Nirmal Lama, claimed that Nepal was not yet ripe for armed struggle.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawoti-Pahari-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 332">: 332 </span></sup> </p><p>On 22 May 1994, the CPN(UC)/UPFN was split in two. The militant faction later renamed itself the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Nepal_(Maoist_Centre)" title="Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)">Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)</a>, or CPN(M). This faction described the government forces, mainstream political parties, and the monarchy, as "feudal forces". The armed struggle began on 13 February 1996, when the CPN(M) carried out seven simultaneous attacks over six districts.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawoti-Pahari-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 333">: 333 </span></sup> Initially, the government mobilized the <a href="/wiki/Nepal_Police" title="Nepal Police">Nepal Police</a> to contain the insurgency. The <a href="/wiki/Nepali_Army" title="Nepali Army">Royal Nepal Army</a> was not involved in direct fighting because the conflict was regarded as a policing matter. On Friday, 1 June 2001, <a href="/wiki/Birendra_of_Nepal" title="Birendra of Nepal">King Birendra</a>, and his entire family were killed in a <a href="/wiki/Nepalese_royal_massacre" title="Nepalese royal massacre">massacre</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Narayanhiti_Palace" title="Narayanhiti Palace">Narayanhiti Palace</a> – the official residence of the <a href="/wiki/Shah_dynasty" title="Shah dynasty">Shah monarchs</a>. Perpetrated by <a href="/wiki/Dipendra_of_Nepal" title="Dipendra of Nepal">Prince Dipendra</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the heir apparent to the Nepali throne, there were ten deaths and five injuries – four injured victims and one self-inflicted injury on Dipendra after shooting himself in the head in an apparent suicide attempt. Dipendra fell into a coma for three days before dying, during which he was crowned as the new king. On 25 July 2001, the government of <a href="/wiki/Sher_Bahadur_Deuba" title="Sher Bahadur Deuba">Sher Bahadur Deuba</a> and the Maoist insurgents declared a <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">ceasefire</a>, and held peace talks from August to November of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawoti-Pahari-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 335">: 335 </span></sup> The failure of these peace talks resulted in the return to armed conflict, beginning with the Maoist attack on an army <a href="/wiki/Barracks" title="Barracks">barracks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dang_Deokhuri_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dang Deokhuri District">Dang District</a> in western Nepal, on 22 November.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawoti-Pahari-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 335">: 335 </span></sup> The situation changed dramatically in 2002, as the number of attacks by both sides increased greatly, and more people died than in any other year of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawoti-Pahari-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 309">: 309 </span></sup> </p><p>The government responded by banning anti-monarchy statements,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> imprisoning journalists, and shutting down newspapers accused of siding with the insurgents. Several rounds of negotiations, accompanied by temporary ceasefires, were held between the insurgents and the government. The government categorically rejected the insurgents' demand for constituent assembly elections. At the same time, the Maoists refused to recognize the continued survival of a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>. In November 2004, the government rejected both the Maoists' request to negotiate directly with <a href="/wiki/Gyanendra_of_Nepal" title="Gyanendra of Nepal">King Gyanendra</a> rather than via Prime Minister Deuba, and the Maoists' request for discussions to be mediated by a third party such as the United Nations. </p><p>Throughout the war, the government controlled the main cities and towns, while the Maoists dominated the rural areas. In August 2004, the Maoists declared a week-long blockade of Kathmandu city which was later called off.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 February 2005, in response to the inability of the relatively democratic government to restore order, King Gyanendra seized direct power and declared a state of emergency in an attempt to definitively end the insurgency. He proclaimed, "democracy and progress contradict one another...in pursuit of liberalism, we should never overlook an important aspect of our conduct, namely discipline."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of this takeover, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> both suspended their material support for Nepal.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawoti-Pahari-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 337">: 337 </span></sup> According to reports by Nepali newspaper <a href="/wiki/Kantipur_(daily)" title="Kantipur (daily)">Kantipur</a>, China supplied arms and military equipment to the Gyanendra regime in November 2005; it was the first time China provided arms during the decade long conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-CI_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CI-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 May 2005, in response to the takeover by King Gyanendra, seven political parties began talks to form a <a href="/wiki/Seven_Party_Alliance" title="Seven Party Alliance">Seven Party Alliance (SPA)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawoti-Pahari-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 338">: 338 </span></sup> On 22 November 2005, with support from the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Indian government</a>, Maoist rebels and the SPA jointly issued a 12-point resolution, which described autocratic monarchy as the main obstacle to "democracy, peace, prosperity, social upliftment and an independent and sovereign Nepal",<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and included a commitment to hold elections to a constituent assembly and for the Maoist rebels to renounce violence.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawoti-Pahari-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 339">: 339 </span></sup> </p><p>In 2006, violent conflict decreased significantly, and instead, resistance transformed into non-violent pro-democracy demonstrations.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawoti-Pahari-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 339">: 339 </span></sup> The municipal elections held in February were boycotted by seven major parties. Instead, over 70 minor political parties promoted candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Officially, voter turnaround was 20 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout April, pro-democracy demonstrations were held across Nepal, and 19 demonstrators were killed, over 400 protesters were arrested, while dozens of others were injured. On 21 April, King Gyanendra announced that he would return governance to the SPA, but this offer was rejected by both the Maoist rebels and the SPA.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawoti-Pahari-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 339">: 339 </span></sup> On 24 April, King Gyanendra announced that he would also reinstate the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Nepal)" title="House of Representatives (Nepal)">House of Representatives</a>, which satisfied the SPA, who formed the reinstated house.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawoti-Pahari-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 339">: 339 </span></sup> On 9 August, the government and the Maoist rebels agreed to accept the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> to monitor the peace process and to manage the arms of both sides.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawoti-Pahari-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 340">: 340 </span></sup> On 21 November, the government, the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Party_Alliance" title="Seven Party Alliance">SPA</a>, and the Maoist rebels signed the <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Peace_Accord" title="Comprehensive Peace Accord">Comprehensive Peace Accord</a>, which formally ended the civil war.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawoti-Pahari-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 340">: 340 </span></sup> </p><p>The Civil War forced young workers to seek work abroad, predominantly in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">south-east Asia</a>. The economy of Nepal is still heavily dependent on the infusion of foreign income from these migrant workers. As a result of the civil war, Nepal's <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Nepal" title="Tourism in Nepal">tourism industry</a> suffered considerably. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maoist_rebels_on_a_hill_in_Nepal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Maoist_rebels_on_a_hill_in_Nepal.jpg/220px-Maoist_rebels_on_a_hill_in_Nepal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Maoist_rebels_on_a_hill_in_Nepal.jpg/330px-Maoist_rebels_on_a_hill_in_Nepal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Maoist_rebels_on_a_hill_in_Nepal.jpg/440px-Maoist_rebels_on_a_hill_in_Nepal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Three <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Nepal_(Maoist)_(1994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) (1994)">Maoist</a> rebels wait on top of a hill in the <a href="/wiki/Rolpa_District" title="Rolpa District">Rolpa District</a> for orders to relocate.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Prose plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>is in <a href="/wiki/MOS:LIST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LIST">list</a> format but may read better as <a href="/wiki/MOS:PROSE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:PROSE">prose</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit">converting this section</a>, if appropriate. <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing help</a> is available.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_events">Early events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>13 February 1996 (1 Falgun 2052 BS, Tuesday)</b>: Initiation of "the people's war" by the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Nepal_(Maoist_Centre)" title="Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)">Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2001">2001</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2001"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>January 2001</b>: The government creates the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Police_Force_(Nepal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Police Force (Nepal)">Armed Police Force</a>, a paramilitary force to fight the insurgents.</li> <li><b>28 May 2001 (15 Jestha 2058 BS, Monday)</b>: <a href="/wiki/Pushpa_Kamal_Dahal" title="Pushpa Kamal Dahal">Chairman Prachanda</a> gives an interview with the Communist journal <i><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Internationalist_Movement" title="Revolutionary Internationalist Movement">A World to Win</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>1 June 2001 (19 Jestha 2058 BS, Friday)</b>: <a href="/wiki/Birendra_of_Nepal" title="Birendra of Nepal">King Birendra</a> and most of the royal family were killed in the <a href="/wiki/Nepalese_royal_massacre" title="Nepalese royal massacre">Nepalese royal massacre</a>. Crown Prince Dipendra <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was accused of the massacre by the Incident Inquiry Committee consisting of Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Keshav_Prasad_Upadhyaya" title="Keshav Prasad Upadhyaya">Keshav Prasad Upadhaya</a>, and the speaker of the House of Representatives, <a href="/wiki/Taranath_Ranabhat" title="Taranath Ranabhat">Taranath Ranabhat</a>. Dipendra, supposedly comatose after a <a href="/wiki/Suicide_attempt" title="Suicide attempt">suicide attempt</a>, is crowned king, according to tradition. He supposedly died on 4 June 2001. <a href="/wiki/Gyanendra_of_Nepal" title="Gyanendra of Nepal">Gyanendra</a> is then crowned King.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>3 August 2001 (19 Shrawn 2058 BS, Friday)</b>: The first round of peace talks begin.</li> <li><b>23 November 2001 (8 Mangshir 2058 BS, Friday)</b>: Peace talks collapse when the Maoists withdraw and launch a ferocious attack on Police and Army posts in 42 districts.</li> <li><b>26 November 2001 (11 Mangshir 2058 BS, Monday)</b>: The government of <a href="/wiki/Sher_Bahadur_Deuba" title="Sher Bahadur Deuba">Sher Bahadur Deuba</a> declares a nationwide State of Emergency<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and deploys the <a href="/wiki/Nepal_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal Army">Nepal Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-walkaway_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walkaway-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>US State Department declares Maoist political party as a terrorist organization. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> approves US$12 million to train <a href="/wiki/Royal_Nepal_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Nepal Army">Royal Nepal Army</a> officers and supply 5,000 <a href="/wiki/M16_rifle" title="M16 rifle">M16 rifles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reliefweb_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reliefweb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2002">2002</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2002"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>May 2002</b>: Peace talks collapse.<sup id="cite_ref-walkaway_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walkaway-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>May 2002</b>: Large battles fought between Army and Maoist forces at Lisne Lekh along the boundary between <a href="/wiki/Pyuthan_District" title="Pyuthan District">Pyuthan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rolpa_District" title="Rolpa District">Rolpa</a> districts, and in Gam village, Rolpa.</li> <li><b>22 May 2002 (8 Jestha 2059 BS, Wednesday)</b>: King Gyanendra, acting on the advice of Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba, dissolves Parliament and orders new elections. The reason given for the dissolution is opposition to the state of emergency.</li> <li><b>11 July 2002 (27 Ashad 2059 BS, Thursday)</b>: Information leaks out that the Belgian weapon manufacturer <a href="/wiki/FN_Herstal" title="FN Herstal">FN Herstal</a> is allowed to deliver 5,500 <a href="/wiki/M249_Squad_Automatic_Weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="M249 Squad Automatic Weapon">M249 SAW</a> light machine guns to the Nepali monarchy, a decision made by all coalition parties. Minister of External Affairs <a href="/wiki/Louis_Michel" title="Louis Michel">Louis Michel</a> speaks of "a country in a pluralistic democracy."</li> <li><b>4 October 2002 (18 Ashwin 2059 BS, Friday)</b>: King Gyanendra deposes Prime Minister Deuba and the entire Council of Ministers, assumes executive power, and cancels the elections for the dissolved House of Representatives, which had been scheduled for 11 November 2002.</li> <li><b>11 October 2002 (25 Ashwin 2059 BS, Friday)</b>: King Gyanendra appoints <a href="/wiki/Lokendra_Bahadur_Chand" title="Lokendra Bahadur Chand">Lokendra Bahadur Chand</a> as Prime Minister.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2003">2003</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2003"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>January 2003</b>: The United States hold exercises with the Nepali army.<sup id="cite_ref-reliefweb_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reliefweb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maoist insurgents kill the Inspector General of Armed Police, <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Mohan_Shrestha" title="Krishna Mohan Shrestha">Krishna Mohan Shrestha</a>, his wife and his bodyguard, Head Constable Subhash Bahadur Gurung of the Armed Police Force, while on their morning walk, as they used to do on Sunday mornings, intending to represent general safety to fellow citizens. The Inspector General and his wife, who was a teacher at an international school in the capital, were both unarmed. They were riddled with bullets from <a href="/wiki/Type_56" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 56">Type 56</a> Rifles and <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_G3" title="Heckler & Koch G3">G3</a> rifles used by the Maoists.</li> <li><b>29 January 2003 (15 Magh 2059 BS, Wednesday)</b>: A second ceasefire is established and peace talks begin.<sup id="cite_ref-walkaway_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walkaway-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>13 May 2003 (30 Baishak 2060 BS, Tuesday)</b>: Code of conduct jointly declared by the government and the CPN-M for the mutually agreed period of cease-fire<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>17 August 2003 (32 Shrawn 2060 BS, Sunday)</b>: Nepali military and police forces kill 39 Maoist rebels in the <a href="/wiki/Ramechhap_District" title="Ramechhap District">Ramechhap district</a> of central Nepal during an offensive launched jointly by the Army, Police, and Air Force of Nepal. 7 soldiers of the Nepali Army and 5 Constables of the Armed Police are also killed in the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-walkaway_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walkaway-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>24 August 2003 (7 Bhadra 2060 BS, Sunday)</b>: The Maoists set an ultimatum, threatening to withdraw from the cease-fire if the government does not agree within 48 hours to include the question of the Maoists participating in the Constituent Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-walkaway_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walkaway-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>26 August 2003 (9 Bhadra 2060 BS, Tuesday)</b>: The Maoist ultimatum expires.<sup id="cite_ref-walkaway_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walkaway-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>27 August 2003 (10 Bhadra 2060 BS, Wednesday)</b>: <ul><li>Strike: The Maoist call for a three-day strike to denounce the Army's attacks on their cadres<sup id="cite_ref-walkaway_27-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walkaway-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Maoists unilaterally withdraw from 29 January ceasefire. Prachanda's statement revives the rebels' demand for an end to monarchic rule in favor of a "people's republic", stating, "Since the old regime has put an end to the forward-looking solution to all existing problems through the ceasefire and peace talks, we herein declare that the rationale behind ceasefire...and peace process has ended."<sup id="cite_ref-walkaway_27-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walkaway-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><b>28 August 2003 (11 Bhadra 2060 BS, Thursday)</b>: Maoist hitmen shoot two colonels of the Royal Nepal Army in their homes in Kathmandu, killing one and injuring the other.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>29 August 2003 (12 Bhadra 2060 BS, Friday)</b>: Maoist insurgents unsuccessfully attempt to assassinate <a href="/wiki/Devendra_Raj_Kandel" title="Devendra Raj Kandel">Devendra Raj Kandel</a>, a Nepali minister.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>31 August 2003 (14 Bhadra 2060 BS, Sunday)</b>: Maoist insurgents ambush a Nepali police outpost in <a href="/wiki/Rupandehi_District" title="Rupandehi District">Rupandehi</a>, killing 4 policemen.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>2 September 2003 (16 Bhadra 2060 BS, Tuesday)</b>: Maoist insurgents ambush a Nepali police outpost in <a href="/wiki/Siraha_District" title="Siraha District">Siraha</a>, killing 2 policemen and injuring four others.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>27 September 2003 (10 Ashwin 2060 BS, Saturday)</b>: "Fifteen people including 8 rebels and 4 policemen were killed and suspected Maoists bombed five government utilities despite the guerrillas' plans for a nine-day truce from <b>2 October 2003</b>, officials said. Eight Maoists were killed in a gun battle with security forces at Chhita Pokhara in the <a href="/wiki/Khotang_District" title="Khotang District">Khotang district</a>, 340 kilometres east of <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a>, a police officer said. 4 Policemen were also killed. Elsewhere in eastern Nepal, the Maoists killed two policemen, Constable Purna Prasad Sharma and Head Constable Radha Krishna Gurung, and a woman selling beetle nuts, Kali Tamang, in the <a href="/wiki/Gaighat,_Nepal" title="Gaighat, Nepal">Jaljale-Gaighat</a> area, an official said. 'A group of seven Maoists descended from a public bus when police were checking the passengers and suddenly opened fire from an automatic pistol, killing the three and wounding two others,' said Sitaram Prasad Pokharel, the chief administrator for the region. In <a href="/wiki/Janakpur" title="Janakpur">Janakpur</a>, an industrial hub on the Indian border 260 kilometres south-east of Kathmandu, the Maoists under the direct command of Prachanda carried out five early morning bombings that disrupted telephone service and power, police said. No one was killed directly by the blasts but an elderly man died of a heart attack after hearing the explosions, Police Deputy Superintendent Bharat Chhetri said. He said the sites that were bombed included the offices of the roads department and the Nepal Electricity Authority and a telecommunications tower. Police personnel and Maoists traded fire for nearly 40 minutes after the blasts but the rebels escaped and 37 people were injured, Mr Khadka said."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>13 October 2003 (26 Ashwin 2060 BS, Monday)</b>: At least 42 Police Recruits and 9 Maoists are killed when an estimated 3,000 Maoists attempt to storm a Police Training Center in Bhaluwang. "'The rebels had snapped telephone cables, set up roadblocks by felling trees or blowing up highway bridges to prevent reinforcements from coming,' a witness, Krishna Adhikary, told Reuters."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>27 October 2003 (10 Kartik 2060 BS, Monday)</b>: " Colonel Adrian Griffith and six Nepali nationals were freed last week 42 hours after being taken captive in <a href="/wiki/Baglung" title="Baglung">Baglung</a>, 300 km (190 mi) west of Kathmandu, while on a drive to recruit young Gurkha soldiers to serve in the British army." Party chief Prachanda said, "We are sorry for the incident that took place against the policy of the party."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>11 November 2003 (25 Kartik 2060 BS, Tuesday)</b>: The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Nepal)" title="Ministry of Defence (Nepal)">Ministry of Defence</a> accuses the Maoists of abducting twenty-nine 9th- and 10th-grade students from Riva Secondary School in <a href="/wiki/Mugu_District" title="Mugu District">Mugu district</a>, western Nepal during the previous week.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>15 November 2003 (29 Kartik 2060 BS, Saturday)</b>: Four police officers, including Kamalapati Pant (Nepal Police Force), were shot dead from behind on a tea shop by two armed Maoist rebels who approached in a motorcycle and fled away immediately, in <a href="/wiki/Nepalgunj" title="Nepalgunj">Nepalgunj</a>.</li> <li><b>19 November 2003 (3 Mangshir 2060 BS, Wednesday)</b>: According to a Nepal army official, four people were caught at the Chinese Khasa border point, 114 kilometers northeast of Kathmandu, smuggling weapons from <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> into Nepal. The official named Hirala Lal Shrestha and Gyaljen Sherpa and said they were taken for interrogation in the Tibetan town of <a href="/wiki/Xigatse" class="mw-redirect" title="Xigatse">Xigatse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2004">2004</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2004"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>5 February 2004 (22 Magh 2060 BS, Thursday)</b>: An Army raid is carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Bhairavnath_Battalion" title="Bhairavnath Battalion">Bhairavnath Battalion</a> on a village in Bhimad, <a href="/wiki/Makwanpur_District" title="Makwanpur District">Makwanpur district</a>. Reports emerge that 14 suspected Maoist rebels and two civilians were executed after being captured. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> later wrote a letter to Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Surya_Bahadur_Thapa" title="Surya Bahadur Thapa">Surya Bahadur Thapa</a> and Brigadier-General Nilendra Aryal, Head of the Royal Nepal Army (RNA) human rights cell, demanding an immediate inquiry.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>10 February 2004 (27 Magh 2060 BS, Tuesday)</b>: Two central committee members of the CPN-M, Matrika Yadav and Suresh Paswan, are reported to have been handed over by India to Nepal. They were reportedly arrested in <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> after Nepal provided information.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>13 February 2004 (1 Falgun 2060 BS, Friday)</b>: Ganesh Chilwal leads an anti-Maoist protest on this day, the eighth anniversary of the commencement of the revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-anti-rebel_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anti-rebel-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>15 February 2004 (3 Falgun 2060 BS, Sunday)</b>: Ganesh Chilwal is shot dead in his Kathmandu office by two suspected Maoists.<sup id="cite_ref-anti-rebel_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anti-rebel-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>15 February 2004 (3 Falgun 2060 BS, Sunday)</b>: Fighting erupts at a Maoist jungle base in <a href="/wiki/Kalikot_District" title="Kalikot District">Kalikot District</a>, 360 km west of <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a>. The base is said to hold 5000 Maoist troops. On <b>17 February 2004</b>, a security official says that a private helicopter flying troops to Kalikot was hit by Maoist fire but that it returned safely to Kathmandu. On <b>18 February 2004</b>, 65 Maoists are reported to have been killed, though this conflicts with other reported death tolls of 35 and 48.<sup id="cite_ref-kurakani_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kurakani-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>15 February and 16 2004</b>: state radio reports that 13 Maoist rebels were killed in seven separate small clashes with security forces across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-kurakani_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kurakani-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>18 February 2004 (6 Falgun 2060 BS, Wednesday)</b>: Lawmaker Khem Narayan Faujdar, a member of the parliament dissolved by <a href="/wiki/King_Gyanendra" class="mw-redirect" title="King Gyanendra">King Gyanendra</a> in 2002, is shot dead by two suspected Maoists riding a motorcycle in the <a href="/wiki/Nawalparasi_District" title="Nawalparasi District">Nawalparasi District</a>, 200 km southwest of the capital, according to the police.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>2 April 2004 (20 Chaitra 2060 BS, Friday)</b>: The largest rallies since 1990 begin in Kathmandu. They are variously labelled "pro-democracy" and "anti-monarchy."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>3 April 2004 (21 Chaitra 2060 BS, Saturday)</b>: More than 12 trucks are burnt while waiting at a western Nepal border post to pick up petrol from India. India condemns the attacks and vows to fight terrorism.<sup id="cite_ref-utusan_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utusan-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>4 April 2004 (22 Chaitra 2060 BS, Sunday)</b>: "Some 150 demonstrators were struck during a police <a href="/wiki/Baton_charge" title="Baton charge">baton charge</a>" during demonstrations in Kathmandu<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>4 April 2004 (22 Chaitra 2060 BS, Sunday)</b>: "Hundreds of Maoist rebels" attack a Police outpost in Yadukuwa, Jadukhola. 13 policemen are killed, 7 wounded, and 35 are listed as missing. 8–9 Maoists are also killed. "Witnesses said more than 500 rebels attacked the Police post and began firing Assault Rifles and <a href="/wiki/RPG-7" title="RPG-7">RPG-7</a> rockets. at around 9 pm (1515 GMT) on Sunday night. The fighting lasted two to three hours." Other reports state 400 rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-utusan_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utusan-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>4 April 2004 (22 Chaitra 2060 BS, Sunday)</b>: In the west of the country three Indian traders are shot and injured and have their vehicles burned.<sup id="cite_ref-utusan_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utusan-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>5 April 2004 (23 Chaitra 2060 BS, Monday)</b>: A three-day national strike begins, called by CPN(M) and opposed by an "alliance of five political parties" who are protesting in Kathmandu against the monarchy and say the strike will hamper the movement of demonstrators in Kathmandu. <a href="/wiki/Prachanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Prachanda">Prachanda</a> said, "The time has come to win a united struggle against the feudal forces as the king is trying to take the nation back to the 18th century."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>5 April 2004 (23 Chaitra 2060 BS, Monday)</b>: In the morning, 3 soldiers are killed and 7 injured by a CPN(M) landmine activated by their vehicle at Dhalkhola, 50 km east of Kathmandu.<sup id="cite_ref-utusan_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utusan-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>5 April 2004 (23 Chaitra 2060 BS, Monday)</b>: At least 140 people are injured in clashes in Kathmandu as "about 50,000" demonstrators confront the police. Demonstrators try to break through a police barricade close to the royal palace. The police respond with tear gas and protesters are reportedly injured by police batons. Rocks and bricks are thrown by both sides. Demonstrations also occur in <a href="/wiki/Patan,_Lalitpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Patan, Lalitpur">Lalitpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhaktapur" title="Bhaktapur">Bhaktapur</a>. Meanwhile, King Gyanendra has reportedly been away touring villages in western Nepal.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>5 April 2004 (23 Chaitra 2060 BS, Monday)</b>: The Indian government announces that it will no longer provide police escorts to Indian officials shopping in Nepal, as a means to discourage such trips. Fears are based on the CPN(M) targeting Indians. "We are worried about possible reprisals here if the Maoists continue to target Indians inside Nepal," said a senior police official.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>24 June 2004 (10 Ashad 2061 BS, Thursday)</b>: The nephew of former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Surya_Bahadur_Thapa" title="Surya Bahadur Thapa">Surya Bahadur Thapa</a> is hacked to death by Maoist insurgents in <a href="/wiki/Dhankuta_District" title="Dhankuta District">Dhankuta district</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>16 August 2004 (32 Shrawn 2061 BS, Monday)</b>: The Soaltee Hotel, a popular luxury hotel in Kathmandu, is bombed, after refusing a demand from the Maoists that the hotel be closed.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>18 August 2004 (2 Bhadra 2061 BS, Wednesday)</b>: A bomb explodes in a marketplace in southern Nepal. The blast kills a 12-year-old boy and wounds six others, including three policemen. In addition, Maoist rebels, demanding the release of captured guerrillas, stop all road traffic near Kathmandu by threatening to attack vehicles. Some Nepal businesses are shut down because of threats.</li> <li><b>10 September 2004 (25 Bhadra 2061 BS, Friday)</b>: A bomb explodes at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Information_Agency" title="United States Information Agency">United States Information Service</a> office in Kathmandu.</li> <li><b>13 September 2004 (28 Bhadra 2061 BS, Monday)</b>: <a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">U.S. Peace Corps</a> suspends operations and non-essential U.S. Embassy personnel are evacuated from Nepal.</li> <li><b>9 November 2004 (24 Kartik 2061 BS, Tuesday)</b>: 36 people were injured when suspected Maoist rebels exploded a powerful bomb at an under-construction government office complex, the Karmachari Sanchaya Kosh Office Complex in the heart of Nepalese capital Kathmandu Tuesday.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DSP_Hem_Raj_Regmi_Shot_dead_by_Maoist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/DSP_Hem_Raj_Regmi_Shot_dead_by_Maoist.jpg/220px-DSP_Hem_Raj_Regmi_Shot_dead_by_Maoist.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/DSP_Hem_Raj_Regmi_Shot_dead_by_Maoist.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="164" /></a><figcaption>In the offensive: DSP Hem Raj Regmi was shot dead by Maoists, 11 November 2004.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>11 November 2004 (26 Kartik 2061 BS, Thursday)</b>: Maoists kill <a href="/wiki/National_Investigation_Department" title="National Investigation Department">NID</a> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_superintendent_of_police" title="Deputy superintendent of police">Deputy Superintendent of Police</a> Hemraj Regmi in front of his office residence in <a href="/wiki/Butwal" title="Butwal">Butwal</a>-6 in Rupandehi district.</li> <li><b>15 December 2004 (30 Mangshir 2061 BS, Wednesday)</b>: Twenty government security personnel are killed in the western district of <a href="/wiki/Arghakhanchi_District" title="Arghakhanchi District">Arghakhanchi</a> when the Maoists mount a surprise attack.</li> <li><b>16 December 2004 (1 Poush 2061 BS, Thursday)</b>: Sixteen Maoist rebels are killed in clashes with Nepali security forces in the western district of <a href="/wiki/Dailekh_District" title="Dailekh District">Dailekh</a>.</li> <li><b>23 December 2004 (8 Poush 2061 BS, Thursday)</b>: Maoist forces launch blockade of Kathmandu.</li> <li><b>26 December 2004 (11 Poush 2061 BS, Sunday)</b>: Over 15,000 hold peace rally in Kathmandu.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2005">2005</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2005"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>2 January 2005 (18 Poush 2061 BS, Sunday)</b>: Nepali media reports two children being killed in <a href="/wiki/Dailekh_District" title="Dailekh District">Dailekh district</a> by a Maoist bomb.</li> <li><b>4 January 2005 (20 Poush 2061 BS, Tuesday)</b>: Three government security personnel and between two and twenty-four Maoist rebels reported killed in fighting.</li> <li><b>8 January 2005 (24 Poush 2061 BS, Saturday)</b>: Maoists detain and later release 300 passengers from six buses that defy their blockade of Kathmandu.</li> <li><b>10 January 2005 (26 Poush 2061 BS, Monday)</b>: Prime Minister Deuba said he would increase defense spending to fight the Maoists unless they come forward for talks with the government.</li> <li><b>11 January 2005 (27 Poush 2061 BS, Tuesday)</b>: Protests and blockades over the government fuel price increases of between 10% and 25%.</li> <li><b>15 January 2005 (2 Magh 2061 BS, Saturday)</b>: Maoists allegedly detain 14 Indian Gurkhas from Chuha village in <a href="/wiki/Kailali_District" title="Kailali District">Kailali</a>.</li> <li><b>29 January 2005 (16 Magh 2061 BS, Saturday)</b>: Government leader in the Lamjung district had been abducted and murdered with a gunshot to the head.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>1 February 2005 (19 Magh 2061 BS, Tuesday)</b>: King Gyanendra dissolves the Deuba government and bans all news reports. The army begins arresting senior political leaders, journalists, trade unionists, human rights activists and civil society leaders. All telephone and internet connections are cut.</li> <li><b>7 April 2005 (25 Chaitra 2061 BS, Thursday)</b>: Maoists <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Khara" title="Second Battle of Khara">attack an army base</a> in Khara, Rukum suffering 300 losses.</li> <li><b>6 June 2005 (24 Jestha 2062 BS, Monday)</b>: <a href="/wiki/Badarmude_bus_explosion" title="Badarmude bus explosion">Badarmude bus explosion</a>: Some 38 civilians are killed and over 70 injured after a packed passenger bus runs over a rebel landmine in <a href="/wiki/Chitwan_District" title="Chitwan District">Chitwan district</a>.</li> <li><b>9 August 2005 (25 Shrawn 2062 BS, Tuesday)</b>: Maoist rebels kill 40 security men in midwestern Nepal.</li> <li><b>3 September 2005 (18 Bhadra 2062 BS, Saturday)</b>: The Maoists declare a three-month unilateral ceasefire to woo opposition political parties.</li> <li><b>October 2005</b>:: Chunbang Central Committee meeting in Rolpa decides to join hands with the political parties against the king</li> <li><b>19 November 2005 (4 Mangshir 2062 BS, Saturday)</b>: After negotiations, the Maoist rebels agree to work with opposition politicians in a common front against the rule of King Gyanendra.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006">2006</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2006"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jana_andolan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Jana_andolan.jpg/250px-Jana_andolan.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Jana_andolan.jpg/375px-Jana_andolan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Jana_andolan.jpg/500px-Jana_andolan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Protesters during the <a href="/wiki/2006_Nepalese_revolution" title="2006 Nepalese revolution">2006 Nepalese revolution</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>2 January 2006 (18 Poush 2062 BS, Monday)</b>: Rebels decide not to extend a four-month ceasefire saying that the government had broken the ceasefire with numerous attacks on Maoist villages.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>14 January 2006 (1 Magh 2062 BS, Saturday)</b>: Maoists launch coordinated attacks on five military and paramilitary targets in the <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu_Valley" title="Kathmandu Valley">Kathmandu valley</a>, the first demonstration of their ability to organize violence within the Valley, prompting curfews at night for the next several days.</li> <li><b>14 March 2006 (1 Chaitra 2062 BS, Tuesday)</b>: Nepali rebels extend road blockade; nationwide strike called for <b>3 April 2006</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>5 April 2006 (23 Chaitra 2062 BS, Wednesday)</b>: <a href="/wiki/2006_democracy_movement_in_Nepal#April_general_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 democracy movement in Nepal">General strike</a> begins with Maoist forces promising to refrain from violence.</li> <li><b>6 April 7, 2006</b>: Protesters clash with police, hundreds arrested, dozens injured.</li> <li><b>8 April 2006 (26 Chaitra 2062 BS, Saturday)</b>: A <a href="/wiki/Curfew" title="Curfew">curfew</a> is imposed in Kathmandu from 10 pm to 9 am The king orders protesters violating the curfew to be "shot on sight."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>9 April 2006 (27 Chaitra 2062 BS, Sunday)</b>: General strike scheduled to end. Government extends curfew, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> reports. Three dead in two days of unrest, as thousands of demonstrators defy curfews.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>26 April 2006 (13 Baishak 2063 BS, Wednesday)</b>: The Maoists start to unblock streets and roads, but put forth some conditions.</li> <li><b>27 April 2006 (14 Baishak 2063 BS, Thursday)</b>: Maoist insurgents, responding to a demand by the newly appointed prime minister <a href="/wiki/Girija_Prasad_Koirala" title="Girija Prasad Koirala">Girija Prasad Koirala</a>, announce a unilateral three-month truce after <a href="/wiki/2006_Nepalese_revolution" title="2006 Nepalese revolution">weeks of pro-democracy protests</a> in Kathmandu, and encourage the formation of a new <a href="/wiki/Constituent_assembly" title="Constituent assembly">constituent assembly</a> to rewrite the nation's constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>3 May 2006 (20 Baishak 2063 BS, Wednesday)</b>: Nepal's new cabinet declares a ceasefire. This was not taken very seriously. The cabinet also announces that the Maoist rebels will no longer be considered a terrorist group. Rebels are also encouraged to open peace talks.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>21 November 2006 (5 Mangshir 2063 BS, Tuesday)</b>: Peace talks end with the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Peace_Accord" title="Comprehensive Peace Accord">Comprehensive Peace Accord</a> between Prime Minister Koirala and Maoist leader Prachanda. The deal allows the Maoists to take part in government, and places their weapons under UN monitoring.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>More than 17,000 people (including both civilians and armed forces) were killed during the conflict, including over 4,000 Nepalese killed by Maoists from 1996 to 2005, and over 8,200 Nepalese killed by government forces from 1996 to 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Douglas-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, an estimated 100,000 to 150,000 people were <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_person" title="Internally displaced person">internally displaced</a> as a result of the conflict. Furthermore, this conflict disrupted most <a href="/wiki/Rural_development" title="Rural development">rural development</a> activities. The revolution resulted in political, social and cultural change in Nepal.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transitional_justice_bodies">Transitional justice bodies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Transitional justice bodies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> As a <a href="/wiki/Transitional_justice" title="Transitional justice">transitional justice</a> mechanism, in July 2007, the Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction proposed legislation that would establish a Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Nepal.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Nepal" title="Federal Parliament of Nepal">parliament</a> set up a Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate:</p><blockquote><p>"Murder, abduction and taking of hostage, causing mutilation and disability, physical or mental torture, rape and sexual violence, looting, possession, damage or arson of private or public property, forced eviction from house and land or any other kind of displacement, and any kind of inhuman acts inconsistent with the international human rights or humanitarian law or other crimes against humanity."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Also another commission to investigate on <a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearance" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearance">forced disappearances</a> and debated proposals to grant an amnesty for abuses by government and rebel forces.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both commissions were established in 2013. However, the government led by the <a href="/wiki/Nepal_Communist_Party" title="Nepal Communist Party">NCP</a>, did not extend the tenure of the working commission, dismissed it, and allegedly formed a new commission in its favor. </p><p>In 2016, commissioner Madhabi Bhatta of the TRC, a hardliner advocating that amnesty will not be given to perpetrators of serious crimes and that no one has immunity, said on national television that even <a href="/wiki/Pushpa_Kamal_Dahal" title="Pushpa Kamal Dahal">Prachanda</a>, the then-Prime Minister and former supreme commander of the guerrillas, will be questioned by the commission, reporting that she felt security threats from the former extremists.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Army_integration">Army integration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Army integration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Nepali_Army" title="Nepali Army">Nepalese Army</a> took final control over the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army,_Nepal" title="People's Liberation Army, Nepal">People's Liberation Army</a> (PLA), the armed wing of the CPN (Maoist), on 10 April 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nepal_Eurasia_Review-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Baburam_Bhattarai" title="Baburam Bhattarai">Baburam Bhattarai</a>, who also headed the Army Integration Special Committee (AISC), told the committee on 10 April 2012, that the NA was going to move into all 15 PLA cantonments, take full control, and take control of more than 3,000 weapons locked in containers there.<sup id="cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nepal_Eurasia_Review-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 6,576 combatants chose the Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS), that promised cheques in the range of NPR 500,000 to NPR 800,000, depending on their rank.<sup id="cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nepal_Eurasia_Review-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the first phase (18 November – 1 December 2011) of regrouping, 9,705 former combatants had chosen integration into the NA.<sup id="cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nepal_Eurasia_Review-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a landmark achievement, the AISC had initiated the process of integration following a 1 November 2011, seven-point deal signed by three major political parties – UCPN-M, <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Nepal_(Unified_Marxist-Leninist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)">Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)</a> (CPN-UML) and Nepali Congress (NC) – and the umbrella formation of several Madheshi groups, the <a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Madhesi_Front" title="United Democratic Madhesi Front">United Democratic Madhesi Front</a> (UDMF).<sup id="cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nepal_Eurasia_Review-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deal provided three options to former PLA combatants – integration, voluntary retirement and rehabilitation.<sup id="cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nepal_Eurasia_Review-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 9,705 combatants opted for integration, 7,286 chose voluntary discharge, and six combatants registered their names for rehabilitation packages.<sup id="cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nepal_Eurasia_Review-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_in_Nepal" title="United Nations Mission in Nepal">United Nations Mission in Nepal</a> (UNMIN) had registered 19,602 combatants in the second verification conducted on 26 May 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nepal_Eurasia_Review-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leaked footage of Prachanda was later telecasted by <a href="/wiki/Image_Channel" title="Image Channel">Image Channel</a> on 5 May 2009, in which Parchanda claims to have given the UNMIN an inflated number of Maoist fighters.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 April 2012, AISC decision laid down that the ranks of the integrated combatants would be determined according to the NA's, and not the PLA's, standards.<sup id="cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nepal_Eurasia_Review-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A selection committee would be headed by the chairman of Nepal's <a href="/wiki/Public_Service_Commission_(Nepal)" title="Public Service Commission (Nepal)">Public Service Commission</a> (PSC) or by a member appointed by him, and a General Directorate would be created under the NA, headed by a Lieutenant General, to absorb the integrated combatants.<sup id="cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nepal_Eurasia_Review-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The combatants will have to undergo between three and nine months of training, depending on their ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nepal_Eurasia_Review-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Directorate would only be deployed for disaster relief, industrial security, development, and forest and environment conservation.<sup id="cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nepal_Eurasia_Review-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 17 April, the NA stated that it could not start the recruitment process of former Maoist combatants until the structure—leadership and size—of the General Directorate had been finalised at the political level.<sup id="cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nepal_Eurasia_Review-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 19 April 2012, the three major political parties agreed to merge two separate proposed commissions on Truth and Reconciliation, and on Disappearances, into one.<sup id="cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nepal_Eurasia_Review-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nepalese_Civil_War_collage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Images during the Nepalese civil war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Nepalese_Civil_War_collage.png/250px-Nepalese_Civil_War_collage.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Nepalese_Civil_War_collage.png/330px-Nepalese_Civil_War_collage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Nepalese_Civil_War_collage.png/500px-Nepalese_Civil_War_collage.png 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption>Images during the Nepalese civil war</figcaption></figure><p>. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demonstration_01,_Kathmandu_Nepal,_April_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Demonstration_01%2C_Kathmandu_Nepal%2C_April_2004.jpg/220px-Demonstration_01%2C_Kathmandu_Nepal%2C_April_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Demonstration_01%2C_Kathmandu_Nepal%2C_April_2004.jpg/330px-Demonstration_01%2C_Kathmandu_Nepal%2C_April_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Demonstration_01%2C_Kathmandu_Nepal%2C_April_2004.jpg/440px-Demonstration_01%2C_Kathmandu_Nepal%2C_April_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Demonstration_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Demonstration (political)">Demonstrating</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nepali_Congress" title="Nepali Congress">Nepali Congress</a> Workers and supporters against <a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a>. 1 April 2004 in <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a></figcaption></figure><p>. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DSP_Hem_Raj_Regmi_Shot_dead_by_Maoist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="DSP Hem Raj Regmi Shot dead by Maoist Groups on 11 Nov 2004." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/DSP_Hem_Raj_Regmi_Shot_dead_by_Maoist.jpg/220px-DSP_Hem_Raj_Regmi_Shot_dead_by_Maoist.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/DSP_Hem_Raj_Regmi_Shot_dead_by_Maoist.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="164" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Deputy_superintendent_of_police" title="Deputy superintendent of police">DSP</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hem_Raj_Regmi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hem Raj Regmi (page does not exist)">Hem Raj Regmi</a> Shot dead by <a href="/wiki/Maoist" class="mw-redirect" title="Maoist">Maoist</a> Groups on 11 Nov 2004</figcaption></figure><p>. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Checkpoint_in_Nepal.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Checkpoint in Western Nepal." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Checkpoint_in_Nepal.JPG/220px-Checkpoint_in_Nepal.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Checkpoint_in_Nepal.JPG/330px-Checkpoint_in_Nepal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Checkpoint_in_Nepal.JPG/440px-Checkpoint_in_Nepal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Checkpoint in <a href="/wiki/Western_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Nepal">Western Nepal</a></figcaption></figure><p>. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maoistatel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Maoist supporter in Nepal, April 2007 in Maoist rally in Kathmandu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Maoistatel.jpg/220px-Maoistatel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Maoistatel.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="237" /></a><figcaption>Maoist supporter in Nepal, April 2007 in Maoist rally in Kathmandu</figcaption></figure><p>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nepalese_Civil_War" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nepalese Civil War">Nepalese Civil War</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Nepalese_Civil_War" title="Women in the Nepalese Civil War">Women in the Nepalese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Nepal">Military of Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Achham_incident" title="2002 Achham incident">2002 Achham incident</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pir_(song)" title="Pir (song)">Pir</a></i>, a controversial song about the war</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite%E2%80%93Maoist_insurgency" title="Naxalite–Maoist insurgency">Naxalite–Maoist insurgency</a> in India</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPradhan" class="citation web cs1">Pradhan, Gyan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lindenwood.edu/files/resources/114-131.pdf">"Nepal's civil war and its economic costs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Publisher: Center for International and Global Studies, Lindenwood University Press. p. 118. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125174652/https://www.lindenwood.edu/files/resources/114-131.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nepal%27s+civil+war+and+its+economic+costs&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Publisher%3A+Center+for+International+and+Global+Studies%2C+Lindenwood+University+Press&rft.aulast=Pradhan&rft.aufirst=Gyan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lindenwood.edu%2Ffiles%2Fresources%2F114-131.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.la-croix.com/Archives/2002-08-26/Une-polemique-eclate-en-Belgique-sur-une-vente-d-armes-au-Nepal-_NP_-2002-08-26-164179">"Une polémique éclate en Belgique sur une vente d'armes au Népal"</a>. <i>La Croix</i>. 26 August 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191117215234/https://www.la-croix.com/Archives/2002-08-26/Une-polemique-eclate-en-Belgique-sur-une-vente-d-armes-au-Nepal-_NP_-2002-08-26-164179">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2019</span> – via www.la-croix.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Croix&rft.atitle=Une+pol%C3%A9mique+%C3%A9clate+en+Belgique+sur+une+vente+d%27armes+au+N%C3%A9pal&rft.date=2002-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.la-croix.com%2FArchives%2F2002-08-26%2FUne-polemique-eclate-en-Belgique-sur-une-vente-d-armes-au-Nepal-_NP_-2002-08-26-164179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4469508.stm">"Chinese Deliver Arms to Nepal 2005"</a>. 25 November 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804105115/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4469508.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chinese+Deliver+Arms+to+Nepal+2005&rft.date=2005-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fsouth_asia%2F4469508.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reliefweb-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reliefweb_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reliefweb_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reliefweb_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reliefweb_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reliefweb_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiglani2003" class="citation web cs1">Miglani, Sanjeev (18 August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180529120217/https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/nepals-maoist-cauldron-draws-foreign-powers-closer">"Nepal's Maoist cauldron draws foreign powers closer"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/nepals-maoist-cauldron-draws-foreign-powers-closer">the original</a> on 29 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nepal%27s+Maoist+cauldron+draws+foreign+powers+closer&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2003-08-18&rft.aulast=Miglani&rft.aufirst=Sanjeev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Fnepal%2Fnepals-maoist-cauldron-draws-foreign-powers-closer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revcom.us/a/489/awtwns-in-memory-of-comrade-surendra-en.html">"CCP Maoist support"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200906165312/https://revcom.us/a/489/awtwns-in-memory-of-comrade-surendra-en.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CCP+Maoist+support&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frevcom.us%2Fa%2F489%2Fawtwns-in-memory-of-comrade-surendra-en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLovell2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julia_Lovell" title="Julia Lovell">Lovell, Julia</a> (2019). <i>Maoism: A Global History</i>. Penguin. pp. <span class="nowrap">385–</span>386.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maoism%3A+A+Global+History&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E385-%3C%2Fspan%3E386&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Lovell&rft.aufirst=Julia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nepalitimes-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nepalitimes_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nepalitimes_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/from-the-nepali-press/biplav-is-just-following-the-footsteps-of-mentors/">"Biplav is just following the footsteps of mentors"</a>. <i>Nepali Times</i>. 15 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025025803/https://www.nepalitimes.com/from-the-nepali-press/biplav-is-just-following-the-footsteps-of-mentors/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nepali+Times&rft.atitle=Biplav+is+just+following+the+footsteps+of+mentors&rft.date=2019-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nepalitimes.com%2Ffrom-the-nepali-press%2Fbiplav-is-just-following-the-footsteps-of-mentors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Douglas_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Douglas_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Douglas_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ed Douglas. "Inside Nepal's Revolution". <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Magazine">National Geographic Magazine</a></i>, p. 54, November 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/17800-people-died-during-conflict-period-says-ministry-peace">"17,800 people died during conflict period, says Ministry of Peace – Nepal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ReliefWeb" title="ReliefWeb">ReliefWeb</a></i>. 18 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805181710/https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/17800-people-died-during-conflict-period-says-ministry-peace">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ReliefWeb&rft.atitle=17%2C800+people+died+during+conflict+period%2C+says+Ministry+of+Peace+%E2%80%93+Nepal&rft.date=2012-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Fnepal%2F17800-people-died-during-conflict-period-says-ministry-peace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icmp.int/the-missing/where-are-the-missing/nepal/">"ICMP Nepal"</a>. <i>www.icmp.int</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190418215802/https://www.icmp.int/the-missing/where-are-the-missing/nepal/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.icmp.int&rft.atitle=ICMP+Nepal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icmp.int%2Fthe-missing%2Fwhere-are-the-missing%2Fnepal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trc.gov.np/about-commission/">"Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Nepal"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028061831/http://trc.gov.np/about-commission/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Truth+and+Reconciliation+Commission%2C+Nepal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrc.gov.np%2Fabout-commission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nepalmonitor.org/reports/view/16752">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'At least three more years needed to complete task'- Roshan S Nepal's Oped on Transitional Justice"</a>. <i>nepalmonitor.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210902131004/https://nepalmonitor.org/reports/view/16752">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nepalmonitor.org&rft.atitle=%27At+least+three+more+years+needed+to+complete+task%27-+Roshan+S+Nepal%27s+Oped+on+Transitional+Justice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnepalmonitor.org%2Freports%2Fview%2F16752&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lawoti-Pahari-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lawoti-Pahari_13-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLawotiPahari2010" class="citation book cs1">Lawoti, Mahendra; Pahari, Anup K., eds. (2010). <i>The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal: Revolution in the twenty-first century</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-77717-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-77717-9"><bdi>978-0-415-77717-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Maoist+Insurgency+in+Nepal%3A+Revolution+in+the+twenty-first+century&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-415-77717-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSreshthaAdhikari2005" class="citation book cs1">Sreshtha, Manesh; Adhikari, Bishnu (2005). <i>Internal Displacement in South Asia: The Relevance of the UN's Guiding Principles</i>. <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7619-3313-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7619-3313-1"><bdi>0-7619-3313-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Internal+Displacement+in+South+Asia%3A+The+Relevance+of+the+UN%27s+Guiding+Principles&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7619-3313-1&rft.aulast=Sreshtha&rft.aufirst=Manesh&rft.au=Adhikari%2C+Bishnu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theworld.org/stories/2011-06-01/why-nepals-crown-prince-went-killing-spree">"Why Nepal's Crown Prince Went on a Killing Spree"</a>. <i>The World from PRX</i>. 15 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+from+PRX&rft.atitle=Why+Nepal%27s+Crown+Prince+Went+on+a+Killing+Spree&rft.date=2013-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheworld.org%2Fstories%2F2011-06-01%2Fwhy-nepals-crown-prince-went-killing-spree&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041114013039/http://www.nepalnews.com.np/contents/englishdaily/ktmpost/2003/dec/dec21/">"Anti-king remarks intolerable: Lohani"</a>. NepalNews: The Kathmandu Post. 20 December 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nepalnews.com.np/contents/englishdaily/ktmpost/2003/dec/dec21/">the original</a> on 14 November 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anti-king+remarks+intolerable%3A+Lohani&rft.pub=NepalNews%3A+The+Kathmandu+Post&rft.date=2003-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nepalnews.com.np%2Fcontents%2Fenglishdaily%2Fktmpost%2F2003%2Fdec%2Fdec21%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/aug/24/nepal">"Maoist rebels call off Kathmandu blockade"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 24 August 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180107232942/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/aug/24/nepal">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Maoist+rebels+call+off+Kathmandu+blockade&rft.date=2004-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2004%2Faug%2F24%2Fnepal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171016080039/http://www.nepalroyal.com/proclamationsfeb012005/">"Royal Proclamation of February 1, 2005"</a>. Nepal Monarchy. 4 May 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nepalroyal.com/proclamationsfeb012005/">the original</a> on 16 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Proclamation+of+February+1%2C+2005&rft.pub=Nepal+Monarchy&rft.date=2012-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nepalroyal.com%2Fproclamationsfeb012005%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CI-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CI_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4469508.stm">"BBC NEWS – South Asia – Chinese 'deliver arms to Nepal'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 25 November 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191115112031/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4469508.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+NEWS+%E2%80%93+South+Asia+%E2%80%93+Chinese+%27deliver+arms+to+Nepal%27&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2005-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F4469508.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=9190#.WlGCYijPxFQ">"12-point Maoist MoU"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nepali_Times" title="Nepali Times">Nepali Times</a></i>. 25 November 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180107175058/http://nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=9190#.WlGCYijPxFQ">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nepali+Times&rft.atitle=12-point+Maoist+MoU&rft.date=2005-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnepalitimes.com%2Fnews.php%3Fid%3D9190%23.WlGCYijPxFQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061114234017/http://www.nepalnews.com/archive/political_parties.pdf">"Political Parties"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nepal News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nepalnews.com/archive/political_parties.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nepal+News&rft.atitle=Political+Parties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nepalnews.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitical_parties.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSunilJayasekera2006" class="citation web cs1">Sunil, W.A.; Jayasekera, Deepal (16 February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2006/02/nepa-f16.html">"Farcical municipal elections intensify political instability in Nepal"</a>. <i>World Socialist Web Site</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125005501/https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2006/02/nepa-f16.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.atitle=Farcical+municipal+elections+intensify+political+instability+in+Nepal&rft.date=2006-02-16&rft.aulast=Sunil&rft.aufirst=W.A.&rft.au=Jayasekera%2C+Deepal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2F2006%2F02%2Fnepa-f16.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160121143259/http://www.humanrights.de/doc_en/archiv/n/nepal/politics/170202_interview_pra.htm">"However tortuous the road may be, the victory of the world proletarian revolution is certain"</a>. Human Rights Server. 28 May 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.humanrights.de/doc_en/archiv/n/nepal/politics/170202_interview_pra.htm">the original</a> on 21 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=However+tortuous+the+road+may+be%2C+the+victory+of+the+world+proletarian+revolution+is+certain&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Server&rft.date=2001-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanrights.de%2Fdoc_en%2Farchiv%2Fn%2Fnepal%2Fpolitics%2F170202_interview_pra.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tripsatasia.com/newsletter-articles/mysteries-behind-the-nepalese-royal-massacre">"Mysteries behind the Nepalese royal massacre | Trips@Asia"</a>. <i>www.tripsatasia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tripsatasia.com&rft.atitle=Mysteries+behind+the+Nepalese+royal+massacre+%7C+Trips%40Asia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tripsatasia.com%2Fnewsletter-articles%2Fmysteries-behind-the-nepalese-royal-massacre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreenwald2001" class="citation web cs1">Greenwald, Jeff (13 June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060824142517/http://www.tibet.ca/en/wtnarchive/2001/6/13-2_3.html">"Murder and intrigue in Katmandu"</a>. World Tibet Network News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tibet.ca/en/wtnarchive/2001/6/13-2_3.html">the original</a> on 24 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Murder+and+intrigue+in+Katmandu&rft.pub=World+Tibet+Network+News&rft.date=2001-06-13&rft.aulast=Greenwald&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tibet.ca%2Fen%2Fwtnarchive%2F2001%2F6%2F13-2_3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/nepal/document/papers/PM_Speech.htm">"Prime Minister's Address to the Nation after imposition of Emergency, November 28,2001"</a>. <i>www.satp.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.satp.org&rft.atitle=Prime+Minister%27s+Address+to+the+Nation+after+imposition+of+Emergency%2C+November+28%2C2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.satp.org%2Fsatporgtp%2Fcountries%2Fnepal%2Fdocument%2Fpapers%2FPM_Speech.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-walkaway-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-walkaway_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walkaway_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walkaway_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walkaway_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walkaway_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walkaway_27-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walkaway_27-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walkaway_27-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPokharel2003" class="citation web cs1">Pokharel, Tilak P (27 August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldpress.org/Asia/1478.cfm">"Nepali Rebels Walk Away from Peace Talks"</a>. World Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130327185929/http://worldpress.org/Asia/1478.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nepali+Rebels+Walk+Away+from+Peace+Talks&rft.pub=World+Press&rft.date=2003-08-27&rft.aulast=Pokharel&rft.aufirst=Tilak+P&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldpress.org%2FAsia%2F1478.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdhikari2003" class="citation web cs1">Adhikari, Bipin (19 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030413084610/http://www.nepalnews.com.np/contents/englishdaily/ktmpost/2003/mar/mar19/features1.htm">"Code of conduct as a point of departure"</a>. <i>The Kathmandu Post</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nepalnews.com.np/contents/englishdaily/ktmpost/2003/mar/mar19/features1.htm">the original</a> on 13 April 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Kathmandu+Post&rft.atitle=Code+of+conduct+as+a+point+of+departure&rft.date=2003-03-19&rft.aulast=Adhikari&rft.aufirst=Bipin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nepalnews.com.np%2Fcontents%2Fenglishdaily%2Fktmpost%2F2003%2Fmar%2Fmar19%2Ffeatures1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031003184150/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/s955264.htm">"More die in Nepal Maoist insurgency despite truce call"</a>. <i>ABC News Online</i>. 28 September 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/s955264.htm">the original</a> on 3 October 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News+Online&rft.atitle=More+die+in+Nepal+Maoist+insurgency+despite+truce+call&rft.date=2003-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fnewsitems%2Fs955264.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930040832/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1031014/asp/foreign/story_2458810.asp">"37 killed as Maoist army attacks camp"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. 14 October 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1031014/asp/foreign/story_2458810.asp">the original</a> on 30 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=37+killed+as+Maoist+army+attacks+camp&rft.date=2003-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1031014%2Fasp%2Fforeign%2Fstory_2458810.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharma2003" class="citation news cs1">Sharma, Sushil (27 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3216993.stm">"Maoists 'sorry' UK officer held"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131013070735/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3216993.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Maoists+%27sorry%27+UK+officer+held&rft.date=2003-10-27&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Sushil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F3216993.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061022142901/http://independent-bangladesh.com/news/apr/27/27042006re.htm#A2">"How anti-monarchy movement took shape"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. Archived from the original on 22 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=How+anti-monarchy+movement+took+shape&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findependent-bangladesh.com%2Fnews%2Fapr%2F27%2F27042006re.htm%23A2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031206173448/http://jang.com.pk/thenews/nov2003-daily/19-11-2003/world/w2.htm">"China arrests four Nepali Maoists for arms smuggling"</a>. <i>Daily News</i>. 20 November 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/nov2003-daily/19-11-2003/world/w2.htm">the original</a> on 6 December 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=China+arrests+four+Nepali+Maoists+for+arms+smuggling&rft.date=2003-11-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jang.com.pk%2Fthenews%2Fnov2003-daily%2F19-11-2003%2Fworld%2Fw2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0402/S00154.htm">"Nepal: Extra-judicial killings inquiry urgent"</a>. Scoop. 18 February 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060830171244/http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0402/S00154.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nepal%3A+Extra-judicial+killings+inquiry+urgent&rft.pub=Scoop&rft.date=2004-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scoop.co.nz%2Fstories%2FWO0402%2FS00154.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-hands-over-two-Maoist-leaders-to-Nepal/articleshow/488699.cms">"India hands over two Maoist leaders to Nepal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 10 February 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103093259/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-02-10/india/28326314_1_matrika-yadav-maoist-leaders-radio-nepal">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=India+hands+over+two+Maoist+leaders+to+Nepal&rft.date=2004-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FIndia-hands-over-two-Maoist-leaders-to-Nepal%2Farticleshow%2F488699.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anti-rebel-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anti-rebel_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-anti-rebel_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3490725.stm">"Nepal anti-rebel leader shot dead"</a>. BBC News. 15 February 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130420160948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3490725.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2004</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nepal+anti-rebel+leader+shot+dead&rft.date=2004-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F3490725.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kurakani-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kurakani_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kurakani_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kurakani.tk/Article163.phtml">"48 Maoist rebels killed in Nepal army attacks"</a>. KuraKani. 17 February 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929040502/http://www.kurakani.tk/Article163.phtml">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=48+Maoist+rebels+killed+in+Nepal+army+attacks&rft.pub=KuraKani&rft.date=2004-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kurakani.tk%2FArticle163.phtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/VBOL-6VSKJU?OpenDocument&RSS20=02-P">"Chronology of decade-long conflict"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ReliefWeb" title="ReliefWeb">ReliefWeb</a>. 22 November 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927191111/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/VBOL-6VSKJU?OpenDocument&RSS20=02-P">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+decade-long+conflict&rft.pub=ReliefWeb&rft.date=2006-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reliefweb.int%2Frw%2Frwb.nsf%2Fdb900SID%2FVBOL-6VSKJU%3FOpenDocument%26RSS20%3D02-P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharma2004" class="citation web cs1">Sharma, Gopal (9 April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=3&art_id=qw1081491841355B251">"Nepal parties plan anti-monarchy rally"</a>. Independent Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nepal+parties+plan+anti-monarchy+rally&rft.pub=Independent+Online&rft.date=2004-04-09&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Gopal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.int.iol.co.za%2Findex.php%3Fset_id%3D1%26click_id%3D3%26art_id%3Dqw1081491841355B251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303222419/http://www.indolink.com/displayArticleS.php?id=040404100829">"140 Injured As Clashes Rock Nepal's Capital"</a>. INDOlink. 5 April 2004. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=140+Injured+As+Clashes+Rock+Nepal%27s+Capital&rft.pub=INDOlink&rft.date=2004-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indolink.com%2FdisplayArticleS.php%3Fid%3D040404100829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-utusan-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-utusan_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-utusan_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-utusan_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-utusan_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240526141100/https://www.webcitation.org/6FR5RZg7w?url=http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp%3Fy=2004">"Maoist rebels storm police post in Nepal, kill 9"</a>. Utusan Online. 5 April 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/content.asp?y=2004&dt=0406&pub=Utusan_Express&sec=World&pg=wo_05.htm">the original</a> on 26 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2004</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maoist+rebels+storm+police+post+in+Nepal%2C+kill+9&rft.pub=Utusan+Online&rft.date=2004-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utusan.com.my%2Futusan%2Fcontent.asp%3Fy%3D2004%26dt%3D0406%26pub%3DUtusan_Express%26sec%3DWorld%26pg%3Dwo_05.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inq7.net/wnw/2004/apr/06/wnw_4-1.htm">"9 policemen dead as Maoists storm post in Nepal"</a>. INQ7. 5 April 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051111030156/http://www.inq7.net/wnw/2004/apr/06/wnw_4-1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=9+policemen+dead+as+Maoists+storm+post+in+Nepal&rft.pub=INQ7&rft.date=2004-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inq7.net%2Fwnw%2F2004%2Fapr%2F06%2Fwnw_4-1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080612175452/http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/04/04/06/117143.html">"Rebels storm police post, kill nine officers"</a>. Gulfnews. 6 April 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/04/04/06/117143.html">the original</a> on 12 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rebels+storm+police+post%2C+kill+nine+officers&rft.pub=Gulfnews&rft.date=2004-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.gulfnews.com%2Farticles%2F04%2F04%2F06%2F117143.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930044705/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040406/asp/foreign/story_3092324.asp">"Maoists kill 9 policemen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Telegraph_(India)" title="The Telegraph (India)">The Telegraph</a></i>. 5 April 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040406/asp/foreign/story_3092324.asp">the original</a> on 30 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Maoists+kill+9+policemen&rft.date=2004-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1040406%2Fasp%2Fforeign%2Fstory_3092324.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSingh2004" class="citation web cs1">Singh, Kedar Man (3 April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inq7.net/wnw/2004/apr/04/wnw_3-2.htm">"Anti-monarchy protesters pack streets of Kathmandu"</a>. INQ7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051111030421/http://www.inq7.net/wnw/2004/apr/04/wnw_3-2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anti-monarchy+protesters+pack+streets+of+Kathmandu&rft.pub=INQ7&rft.date=2004-04-03&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Kedar+Man&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inq7.net%2Fwnw%2F2004%2Fapr%2F04%2Fwnw_3-2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050325220202/http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/15/stories/2005031503781400.htm">"Major parties take to the streets in Nepal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 14 March 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/15/stories/2005031503781400.htm">the original</a> on 25 March 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Major+parties+take+to+the+streets+in+Nepal&rft.date=2004-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2005%2F03%2F15%2Fstories%2F2005031503781400.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080612210430/http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=2&id=68320&usrsess=1">"Police want 'shopping trip' slowdown in Nepal"</a>. <i>The Statesman</i>. India. 5 April 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=2&id=68320&usrsess=1">the original</a> on 12 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Statesman&rft.atitle=Police+want+%27shopping+trip%27+slowdown+in+Nepal&rft.date=2004-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestatesman.net%2Fpage.arcview.php%3Fclid%3D2%26id%3D68320%26usrsess%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/maoist-bicycle-bomber-attacks-luxury-hotel-in-capital-of-nepal-1.1153654?mode=amp">"Maoist bicycle bomber attacks luxury hotel in capital of Nepal"</a>. <i>www.irishtimes.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200818212601/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/maoist-bicycle-bomber-attacks-luxury-hotel-in-capital-of-nepal-1.1153654?mode=amp">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.irishtimes.com&rft.atitle=Maoist+bicycle+bomber+attacks+luxury+hotel+in+capital+of+Nepal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fmaoist-bicycle-bomber-attacks-luxury-hotel-in-capital-of-nepal-1.1153654%3Fmode%3Damp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nepalconflictreport.ohchr.org/html/incidents/2005-01-29_incident_lamjung_insec-2010.html">"2005-01-29 – incident – Lamjung district | २०६१-१०-१६ – घटना – लमजुङ जिल्ला"</a>. <i>nepalconflictreport.ohchr.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171012060556/http://nepalconflictreport.ohchr.org/html/incidents/2005-01-29_incident_lamjung_insec-2010.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nepalconflictreport.ohchr.org&rft.atitle=2005-01-29+%E2%80%93+incident+%E2%80%93+Lamjung+district+%7C+%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%A7-%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A6-%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC+%E2%80%93+%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E2%80%93+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%99+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnepalconflictreport.ohchr.org%2Fhtml%2Fincidents%2F2005-01-29_incident_lamjung_insec-2010.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120718131729/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-11-20/rest-of-world/27833882_1_maoist-rebels-nepal-rebels-king-gyanendra">"Nepal rebels ready to surrender under UN supervision"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 20 November 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-11-20/rest-of-world/27833882_1_maoist-rebels-nepal-rebels-king-gyanendra">the original</a> on 18 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Nepal+rebels+ready+to+surrender+under+UN+supervision&rft.date=2005-11-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com%2F2005-11-20%2Frest-of-world%2F27833882_1_maoist-rebels-nepal-rebels-king-gyanendra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharma2005" class="citation news cs1">Sharma, Nagendar (18 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4450438.stm">"Nepal opposition in Maoist talks"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051204233731/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4450438.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nepal+opposition+in+Maoist+talks&rft.date=2005-11-18&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Nagendar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F4450438.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPasricha2006" class="citation web cs1">Pasricha, Anjana (2 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20060207185332/http://voanews.com/english/archive/2006-01/2006-01-02-voa14.cfm?CFID=24594161&CFTOKEN=12401453">"Nepal Rebels Call Off Four-Month Truce"</a>. Voice of America. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2006-01/2006-01-02-voa14.cfm?CFID=3777224&CFTOKEN=93126810">the original</a> on 7 February 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nepal+Rebels+Call+Off+Four-Month+Truce&rft.pub=Voice+of+America&rft.date=2006-01-02&rft.aulast=Pasricha&rft.aufirst=Anjana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fenglish%2Farchive%2F2006-01%2F2006-01-02-voa14.cfm%3FCFID%3D3777224%26CFTOKEN%3D93126810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120725150841/http://www.boston.com/news/world/asia/articles/2006/02/18/nepal_rebels_call_for_indefinite_strike_against_king/">"Nepal rebels call for indefinite strike against king"</a>. <i>The Boston Globe</i>. 18 February 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/world/asia/articles/2006/02/18/nepal_rebels_call_for_indefinite_strike_against_king/">the original</a> on 25 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Nepal+rebels+call+for+indefinite+strike+against+king&rft.date=2006-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Farticles%2F2006%2F02%2F18%2Fnepal_rebels_call_for_indefinite_strike_against_king%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGurubacharya2006" class="citation news cs1">Gurubacharya, Binaj (8 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/world/asia/articles/2006/04/08/anti_monarchy_rallies_spread_in_nepal/">"Anti-monarchy rallies spread in Nepal"</a>. <i>The Boston Globe</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Anti-monarchy+rallies+spread+in+Nepal&rft.date=2006-04-08&rft.aulast=Gurubacharya&rft.aufirst=Binaj&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Farticles%2F2006%2F04%2F08%2Fanti_monarchy_rallies_spread_in_nepal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2015">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4894474.stm">"Violent clashes amid Nepal curfew"</a>. BBC News. 10 April 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061117141731/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4894474.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Violent+clashes+amid+Nepal+curfew&rft.date=2006-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F4894474.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4949066.stm">"Nepal Maoist rebels declare truce"</a>. BBC News. 27 April 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061212234404/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4949066.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nepal+Maoist+rebels+declare+truce&rft.date=2006-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F4949066.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20081215040722/http://voanews.com/english/archive/2006-04/nepal-ceasfire.cfm?CFID=3777874&CFTOKEN=10318971">"Nepal's Maoists Declare Ceasefire"</a>. Voice of America. 27 April 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voanews.com/english/archive/2006-04/nepal-ceasfire.cfm?CFID=3777874&CFTOKEN=10318971">the original</a> on 15 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nepal%27s+Maoists+Declare+Ceasefire&rft.pub=Voice+of+America&rft.date=2006-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvoanews.com%2Fenglish%2Farchive%2F2006-04%2Fnepal-ceasfire.cfm%3FCFID%3D3777874%26CFTOKEN%3D10318971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4969422.stm">"Nepal calls ceasefire with rebels"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 3 May 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061213162054/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4969422.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nepal+calls+ceasefire+with+rebels&rft.date=2006-05-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fsouth_asia%2F4969422.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6169746.stm">"Peace deal ends Nepal's civil war"</a>. BBC News. 21 November 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201123181928/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6169746.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Peace+deal+ends+Nepal%27s+civil+war&rft.date=2006-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fsouth_asia%2F6169746.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://therisingnepal.org.np/news/2941">"The Rising Nepal: The Maoist Movement on Terminal Decline?: Ritu Raj Subedi"</a>. <i>therisingnepal.org.np</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181017001757/http://therisingnepal.org.np/news/2941">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=therisingnepal.org.np&rft.atitle=The+Rising+Nepal%3A+The+Maoist+Movement+on+Terminal+Decline%3F%3A+Ritu+Raj+Subedi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftherisingnepal.org.np%2Fnews%2F2941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kantipurdaily.com/opinion/2013/02/18/362814.html">"Kramabhaṅga, dhulikhēla ra taraṅga- vicāra - kāntipura samācāra" <bdi lang="ne">क्रमभङ्ग, धुलिखेल र तरङ्ग- विचार - कान्तिपुर समाचार</bdi></a> [Krambhang, Dhulikhel and Tarang - Thoughts - Kantipur news] (in Nepali). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181017001658/https://www.kantipurdaily.com/opinion/2013/02/18/362814.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kramabha%E1%B9%85ga%2C+dhulikh%C4%93la+ra+tara%E1%B9%85ga-+vic%C4%81ra+-+k%C4%81ntipura+sam%C4%81c%C4%81ra+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%2C+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97-+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+-+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kantipurdaily.com%2Fopinion%2F2013%2F02%2F18%2F362814.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ehimalayatimes.com/bichar-sahitya/16264">"Nēpālī sanskr̥timā kramabhaṅga" <bdi lang="ne">नेपाली संस्कृतिमा क्रमभङ्ग</bdi></a> [Disruption in Nepali culture] (in Nepali). ehimalayatimes.com. 12 August 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181017001821/http://ehimalayatimes.com/bichar-sahitya/16264">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=N%C4%93p%C4%81l%C4%AB+sanskr%CC%A5tim%C4%81+kramabha%E1%B9%85ga+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97&rft.pub=ehimalayatimes.com&rft.date=2017-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fehimalayatimes.com%2Fbichar-sahitya%2F16264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ictj.org/selecting-commissioners-nepal">Selecting Commissioners for Nepal's Truth and Reconciliation Commission</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111002193538/http://ictj.org/selecting-commissioners-nepal">Archived</a> 2 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRadio2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Radio, Kantor Berita (29 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbr.id/english/08-2016/doubts_abound_over_nepal_s_truth_and_reconciliation_commission/84542.html">"Doubts abound over Nepal's truth and reconciliation commission"</a>. <i>kbr.id</i> (in Indonesian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125174532/https://kbr.id/english/08-2016/doubts_abound_over_nepal_s_truth_and_reconciliation_commission/84542.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kbr.id&rft.atitle=Doubts+abound+over+Nepal%27s+truth+and+reconciliation+commission&rft.date=2016-08-29&rft.aulast=Radio&rft.aufirst=Kantor+Berita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkbr.id%2Fenglish%2F08-2016%2Fdoubts_abound_over_nepal_s_truth_and_reconciliation_commission%2F84542.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTripathi" class="citation web cs1">Tripathi, Akhilesh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.myrepublica.com/2015-16/politics/story/37427/trc-commissioner-madhavi-bhatta-says-she-feels-security-threat.html">"My Republica – TRC member Madhabi Bhatta says she feels security threat"</a>. <i>archive.myrepublica.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200619081016/http://archive.myrepublica.com/2015-16/politics/story/37427/trc-commissioner-madhavi-bhatta-says-she-feels-security-threat.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.myrepublica.com&rft.atitle=My+Republica+%E2%80%93+TRC+member+Madhabi+Bhatta+says+she+feels+security+threat&rft.aulast=Tripathi&rft.aufirst=Akhilesh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.myrepublica.com%2F2015-16%2Fpolitics%2Fstory%2F37427%2Ftrc-commissioner-madhavi-bhatta-says-she-feels-security-threat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/trc-member-bhatta-complains-of-threat-to-her-security/">"TRC member Bhatta complains of threat to her security"</a>. <i>The Himalayan Times</i>. 21 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170312185503/http://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/trc-member-bhatta-complains-of-threat-to-her-security/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Himalayan+Times&rft.atitle=TRC+member+Bhatta+complains+of+threat+to+her+security&rft.date=2016-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehimalayantimes.com%2Fnepal%2Ftrc-member-bhatta-complains-of-threat-to-her-security%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nepal_Eurasia_Review-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nepal_Eurasia_Review_67-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurasiareview.com/24042012-nepal-consolidating-the-peace-analysis/">"Nepal: Consolidating The Peace – Analysis"</a>. Eurasia Review. 24 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120427202253/http://www.eurasiareview.com/24042012-nepal-consolidating-the-peace-analysis/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nepal%3A+Consolidating+The+Peace+%E2%80%93+Analysis&rft.pub=Eurasia+Review&rft.date=2012-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurasiareview.com%2F24042012-nepal-consolidating-the-peace-analysis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/nepal-pm-defends-leaked-tape-says-he-has-over-100000-fighters-104.html">"Nepal PM defends leaked tape, says he has over 100,000 fighters"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Herald" title="Deccan Herald">Deccan Herald</a></i>. 6 May 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210902131012/https://www.deccanherald.com/nepal-pm-defends-leaked-tape-says-he-has-over-100000-fighters-104.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=Nepal+PM+defends+leaked+tape%2C+says+he+has+over+100%2C000+fighters&rft.date=2009-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fnepal-pm-defends-leaked-tape-says-he-has-over-100000-fighters-104.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANepalese+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hutt, Michael, <i>Himalayan People's War: Nepal's Maoist Rebellion,</i> (London: Hurst and Co., 2004) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21742-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21742-4">978-0-253-21742-4</a>.</li> <li><a href="//doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1589677" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1080/02684527.2019.1589677">Jackson, Paul. 2019. "Intelligence in a modern insurgency: the case of the Maoist insurgency in Nepal." <i>Intelligence and National Security</i>.</a></li> <li>Karki, Arjun and David Seddon (eds.), <i>The People's War in Nepal: Left Perspectives,</i> (New Delhi: Adroit, 2003).</li> <li>Thapa, Deepak, with Bandita Sijapati, <i>A Kingdom Under Siege: Nepal's Maoist Insurgency, 1996–2003,</i> (Kathmandu: The Printhouse, 2003) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-842-77571-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-842-77571-4">978-1-842-77571-4</a>.</li></ul> <p>Kathmandu days: The blight and the plight by Chandra k bhatt published by Niyogi books, New Delhi 2016. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2016/nepal-maoist-dream">Nepal's civil war and its subsequent democratic transition</a> by <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ictj.org/our-work/regions-and-countries/nepal">International Center for Transitional Justice, Nepal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peacemaker.un.org/document-search?keys=&field_padate_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bdate%5D=&field_pacountry_tid=Nepal&field_paconflict_tid%5B%5D=1">Text of all peace accords for Nepal</a></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alertnet.org/db/crisisprofiles/NE_INS.htm?v=in_detail">Crisis briefing on Nepal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100619224055/http://alertnet.org/db/crisisprofiles/NE_INS.htm?v=in_detail">Archived</a> 19 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alertnet.org/">Alertnet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090311155456/http://www.alertnet.org/">Archived</a> 11 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626130228/http://www.thefallingkingdom.com/">The Falling Kingdom</a></i>, a book by <a href="/wiki/Olof_Jarlbro" title="Olof Jarlbro">Olof Jarlbro</a></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160201094058/http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/asia/south-asia/nepal.aspx">International Crisis Group – Nepal</a></i>, archive of reports on the Nepalese war and peace processes from the ICG.</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irinnews.org/webspecials/nepal/50563.asp">Between Two Stones – Nepal's decade of conflict</a></i></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060209105542/http://schema-root.org/region/asia/south_asia/nepal/maoists/">Maoists of Nepal</a></i></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070207090540/http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/155/">International Freedom of Expression eXchange</a></i></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insightonconflict.org/">Insight on Conflict: Peacebuilding database</a></i></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2012/07/29/nepal-the-improbable-maoists/view-all/">Nepal: The Improbable Maoists</a></i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_Policy_Journal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign Policy Journal (page does not exist)">Foreign Policy Journal</a></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhrcnepal.org/nhrc_new/doc/newsletter/Nepal_NHRC_CPA_10Yrs_Report_Eng_2016.pdf">Ten Years of Comprehensive Peace Agreement: Human Rights Situation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729020940/https://www.nhrcnepal.org/nhrc_new/doc/newsletter/Nepal_NHRC_CPA_10Yrs_Report_Eng_2016.pdf">Archived</a> 29 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, National Human Rights Commission, Harihar Bhawan, Lalitpur</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Revolutions_and_protests_in_Nepal77" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nepalese_revolutions_and_protests" title="Template:Nepalese revolutions and protests"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nepalese_revolutions_and_protests" title="Template talk:Nepalese revolutions and protests"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nepalese_revolutions_and_protests" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nepalese revolutions and protests"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Revolutions_and_protests_in_Nepal77" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Revolutions and protests in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Revolutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1951_Nepalese_revolution" title="1951 Nepalese revolution">Revolution of 1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Nepalese_revolution" title="1990 Nepalese revolution">Revolution of 1990</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maoist insurgency (1996–2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Nepalese_revolution" title="2006 Nepalese revolution">Revolution of 2006</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jayatu_Sanskritam" title="Jayatu Sanskritam">Jayatu Sanskritam (1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Nepalese_student_protests" title="1979 Nepalese student protests">Student protests of 1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhes_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhes Movement">Madhes Movement (2007–2015)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor protests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guthi_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Guthi Bill">Guthi Bill protests (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nepalese_pro-monarchy_protest" title="2023 Nepalese pro-monarchy protest">Pro-monarchy protests (2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Asia169" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Post-Cold_War_Asian_conflicts" title="Template:Post-Cold War Asian conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Post-Cold_War_Asian_conflicts" title="Template talk:Post-Cold War Asian conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold_War_Asian_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold War Asian conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Asia169" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post–<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Asia" title="List of conflicts in Asia">conflicts in Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict (1947–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932015_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932018_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northeast_India" title="Insurgency in Northeast India">Insurgency in Northeast India (1964–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite%E2%80%93Maoist_insurgency" title="Naxalite–Maoist insurgency">Naxalite–Maoist insurgency (1967–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_India" title="Religious violence in India">Religious violence in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Punjab,_India" title="Insurgency in Punjab, India">Insurgency in Punjab (1981–1995)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes">Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict (1947–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932015_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932018_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Insurgency in Balochistan (2004–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2004–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Sindh" title="Insurgency in Sindh">Insurgency in Sindh (2010–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sri Lanka</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1971_JVP_insurrection" title="1971 JVP insurrection">JVP insurrection (1971)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan civil war (1983–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_JVP_insurrection" title="1987–1989 JVP insurrection">JVP insurrection (1987–1989)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932013_Maldives_political_crisis" title="2011–2013 Maldives political crisis">Maldives political crisis (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nepalese Civil War (1996–2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_All_Clear" title="Operation All Clear">Operation All Clear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict" title="Xinjiang conflict">Xinjiang conflict (1960s–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Tibetan_unrest" title="2008 Tibetan unrest">Tibetan unrest (2008)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Korea <span style="font-size:85%;">(North<br />and South)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_conflict" title="Korean conflict">Korean conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_border_incidents_involving_North_and_South_Korea" title="List of border incidents involving North and South Korea">Maritime border incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_North_Korean_nuclear_crisis" title="1994 North Korean nuclear crisis">1994 North Korean nuclear crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_North_Korea_crisis" title="2017–2018 North Korea crisis">2017–2018 crisis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taiwan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cambodia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Thai_border_dispute" title="Cambodian–Thai border dispute">Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict (1969–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Aceh" title="Insurgency in Aceh">Insurgency in Aceh (1976–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Madago_Raya" title="Operation Madago Raya">East Indonesia Mujahideen insurgency (2015–2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Myanmar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_conflict" title="Myanmar conflict">Myanmar conflict (1948–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karen_conflict" title="Karen conflict">Karen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachin_conflict" title="Kachin conflict">Kachin conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_conflict" title="Rohingya conflict">Rohingya conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_civil_war_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="Myanmar civil war (2021–present)">Civil war (2021–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Thailand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Thailand_insurgency" title="South Thailand insurgency">South Thailand insurgency (2004–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Thai_border_dispute" title="Cambodian–Thai border dispute">Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Timor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_occupation_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian occupation of East Timor">Indonesian occupation (1975–1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_East_Timorese_crisis" title="1999 East Timorese crisis">1999 crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_crisis_in_Timor-Leste" title="2006 crisis in Timor-Leste">2006 crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Conflict_(1979%E2%80%931998)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998)">Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Laos" title="Insurgency in Laos">Laotian insurgency (1975–2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_conflict_in_the_Philippines" title="Civil conflict in the Philippines">Philippine civil conflict (1969–present)</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">NPA</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FULRO_insurgency" title="FULRO insurgency">FULRO insurgency (1964–1992)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afghanistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes">Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_conflict" title="Afghan conflict">Afghan conflict</a> <ul><li>Civil War <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">1989–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1992%E2%80%931996)" title="Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)">1992–1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)">1996–2001</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">2001–2021 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_insurgency_in_Afghanistan" title="Republican insurgency in Afghanistan">Republican insurgency</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kazakhstan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflicts_in_Kazakhstan" title="Ethnic conflicts in Kazakhstan">Ethnic conflicts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kyrgyzstan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Osh_clashes" title="1990 Osh clashes">1990 Osh clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Kyrgyz_Revolution" title="2010 Kyrgyz Revolution">2010 Kyrgyz Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_South_Kyrgyzstan_ethnic_clashes" title="2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes">2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tajikistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_Civil_War" title="Tajikistani Civil War">Tajikistani Civil War (1992–1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Gorno-Badakhshan_(2010%E2%80%932015)" title="Insurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015)">Insurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uzbekistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fergana_massacre" title="Fergana massacre">Fergana massacre (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andijan_massacre" title="Andijan massacre">Andijan massacre (2005)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Azerbaijan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">2016 conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bahrain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="2011 Bahraini uprising">Bahraini uprising (2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_separatism_in_Iran" title="Kurdish separatism in Iran">Kurdish separatism in Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KDPI_insurgency_(1989%E2%80%931996)" title="KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)">KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93PJAK_conflict" title="Iran–PJAK conflict">Iran–PJAK conflict (2004–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Iran_clashes_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Iran clashes (2016–present)">Western Iran clashes (2016–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel (1985–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985%E2%80%932000)" title="South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)">South Lebanon (1985–2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">Lebanon War (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Syrian arena (2012–2024)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_insurgency" title="Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency">Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency (2004–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iraq</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (1918–2003)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdish_Civil_War" title="Iraqi Kurdish Civil War">Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–1997</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraqi conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan_conflict_(2001%E2%80%932003)" title="Iraqi Kurdistan conflict (2001–2003)">Iraqi Kurdistan conflict (2001–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War (2003–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">ISIL insurgency (2017–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada (2000–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel (2006–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel (1985–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Syrian arena (2012–2024)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985%E2%80%932000)" title="South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)">South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">Lebanon War (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Lebanon_conflict" title="2007 Lebanon conflict">Conflict in Northern Lebanon (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Lebanon_conflict" title="2008 Lebanon conflict">Lebanon conflict (2008)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palestine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada (2000–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel (2006–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict (2006–2008)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Saudi Arabia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a></li> <li>Persian Gulf crisis (2019–2021)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian Civil War (2011–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Spillover of the Syrian Civil War">Regional spillover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maoist_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="Maoist insurgency in Turkey">Maoist insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHKP/C_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey">DHKP/C insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)">Kurdish–Turkish conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Turkey–ISIL conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(1994)" title="Yemeni civil war (1994)">Civil war (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda (1998–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency" title="Houthi insurgency">Houthi (2004–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_insurgency" title="South Yemen insurgency">South Yemen (2009–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis (2011–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen" title="Houthi takeover in Yemen">Houthi takeover (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Civil War (2014–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inter-continental<br />conflict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency (2011–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Winter" title="Arab Winter">Arab Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_revolution" title="Colour revolution">Colour revolutions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox587" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002975#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2006001083">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/rp36fjz94f6bm8b">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007544608005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&oldid=1275588414">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&oldid=1275588414</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nepalese_Civil_War" title="Category:Nepalese Civil War">Nepalese Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990s_in_Nepal" title="Category:1990s in Nepal">1990s in Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2000s_in_Nepal" title="Category:2000s in Nepal">2000s in Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1997_crimes_in_Nepal" title="Category:1997 crimes in Nepal">1997 crimes in Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990s_crimes_in_Nepal" title="Category:1990s crimes in Nepal">1990s crimes in Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2000s_crimes_in_Nepal" title="Category:2000s crimes in Nepal">2000s crimes in Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2006_in_Nepal" title="Category:2006 in Nepal">2006 in Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_rebellions" title="Category:21st-century rebellions">21st-century rebellions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Civil_wars_involving_the_states_and_peoples_of_Asia" title="Category:Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Asia">Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Civil_wars_of_the_20th_century" title="Category:Civil wars of the 20th century">Civil wars of the 20th century</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Civil_wars_of_the_21st_century" title="Category:Civil wars of the 21st century">Civil wars of the 21st century</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communism_in_Nepal" title="Category:Communism in Nepal">Communism in Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communist_revolutions" title="Category:Communist revolutions">Communist revolutions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Guerrilla_wars" title="Category:Guerrilla wars">Guerrilla wars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Nepal_(1951%E2%80%932008)" title="Category:History of Nepal (1951–2008)">History of Nepal (1951–2008)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maoism_in_Nepal" title="Category:Maoism in Nepal">Maoism in Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nepalese_democracy_movements" title="Category:Nepalese democracy movements">Nepalese democracy movements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Nepal" title="Category:Politics of Nepal">Politics of Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Revolution-based_civil_wars" title="Category:Revolution-based civil wars">Revolution-based civil wars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involving_Nepal" title="Category:Wars involving Nepal">Wars involving Nepal</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1: unfit URL">CS1: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2015" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2015">Articles with dead external links from June 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Nepali-language_script_(ne)" title="Category:CS1 uses Nepali-language script (ne)">CS1 uses Nepali-language script (ne)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Nepali-language_sources_(ne)" title="Category:CS1 Nepali-language sources (ne)">CS1 Nepali-language sources (ne)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Indonesian-language_sources_(id)" title="Category:CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id)">CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2021">Use dmy dates from April 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_January_2021" title="Category:EngvarB from January 2021">EngvarB from January 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_May_2015" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2015">Articles needing additional references from May 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_cleanup_from_February_2021" title="Category:Articles needing cleanup from February 2021">Articles needing cleanup from February 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_cleanup" title="Category:All pages needing cleanup">All pages needing cleanup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_sections_that_need_to_be_turned_into_prose_from_February_2021" title="Category:Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from February 2021">Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from February 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 February 2025, at 22:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nepalese_Civil_War&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nepalese Civil War</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>36 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5886496d-xhj6z","wgBackendResponseTime":238,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.238","walltime":"1.535","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12202,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":299720,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":18575,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":314364,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1238.191 1 -total"," 30.03% 371.875 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.49% 228.906 49 Template:Cite_web"," 9.72% 120.362 1 Template:Republicanism_sidebar"," 9.37% 116.043 1 Template:Politics_series_sidebar"," 9.10% 112.658 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 7.54% 93.364 1 Template:Transliteration"," 7.14% 88.420 16 Template:Rp"," 6.98% 86.479 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 6.65% 82.343 1 Template:Campaignbox_Nepalese_Civil_War"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.678","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20198254,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5886496d-bs2rs","timestamp":"20250314005200","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Nepalese Civil War","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nepalese_Civil_War","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2002975","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2002975","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-11-17T06:46:06Z","dateModified":"2025-02-13T22:17:42Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/71\/Nepalese_Civil_War.jpg","headline":"civil war in Nepal between 1996 and 2006"}</script> </body> </html>