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</div> <div id="enws-mainpage-header-links"> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:Index" title="Wikisource:Index">Site index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:Community_portal" title="Wikisource:Community portal">Community portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:News" title="Wikisource:News">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:Sandbox" title="Wikisource:Sandbox">Sandbox</a></li> </ul> </div> <p style="display:none;">Wikisource – The Free Library – is a Wikimedia Foundation project to create a growing free content library of source texts, as well as translations of source texts in any language.</p> </div></div> </div> <div id="enws-mainpage-featured-container" class="enws-mainpage-widget"> <h2 id="April’s_featured_text" class="enws-mainpage-widget-header"><span id="April.E2.80.99s_featured_text"></span>April’s featured text</h2> <div id="enws-mainpage-featured-content" class="enws-mainpage-widget-content"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14856746">.mw-parser-output .wst-featured-download{float:right;border:1px solid skyblue;padding:0.5em;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0 0 0.5em 0.5em;color:inherit;text-align:center;font-size:83%}</style><div class="ws-noexport noprint wst-featured-download"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//wsexport.toolforge.org/?lang=en&format=epub-3&page=Sophocles%27_King_Oedipus" title="Download this featured text as an EPUB file (suitable for most e-readers except Kindles)."><img alt="Download this featured text as an EPUB file (suitable for most e-readers except Kindles)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/EPUB_silk_icon.svg/40px-EPUB_silk_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/EPUB_silk_icon.svg/60px-EPUB_silk_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//wsexport.toolforge.org/?lang=en&format=rtf&page=Sophocles%27_King_Oedipus" title="Download this featured text as a RTF file."><img alt="Download this featured text as a RTF file." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Farm-Fresh_file_extension_rtf_-_22x26px.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="26" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="22" data-file-height="26" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//wsexport.toolforge.org/?lang=en&format=pdf-a5&page=Sophocles%27_King_Oedipus" title="Download this featured text as a PDF."><img alt="Download this featured text as a PDF." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Document-pdf.svg/40px-Document-pdf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Document-pdf.svg/60px-Document-pdf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="672" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//wsexport.toolforge.org/?lang=en&format=mobi&page=Sophocles%27_King_Oedipus}" title="Download this featured text as a MOBI file (suitable for Kindles)."><img alt="Download this featured text as a MOBI file (suitable for Kindles)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mobi_icon.svg/40px-Mobi_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mobi_icon.svg/60px-Mobi_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="163" /></a></span> Grab a download! </p> </div><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sophocles%27_King_Oedipus" title="Sophocles' King Oedipus">Sophocles' King Oedipus</a></b></i> (1928) is a modern English translation with music by the Irish poet and playwright <a href="/wiki/Author:William_Butler_Yeats" title="Author:William Butler Yeats">William Butler Yeats</a>, who says of his translation: "This version of <a href="/wiki/Author:Sophocles" title="Author:Sophocles">Sophocles'</a> play was written for Dublin players, for Dublin liturgical singers, for a small auditorium, for a chorus that must stand stock still where the orchestra are accustomed to put their chairs, for an audience where nobody comes for self-improvement or for anything but emotion. In other words, I put readers and scholars out of my mind and wrote to be sung and spoken." The Wikisource copy has players embedded for listening to the musical passages. <p>The Yeats translation formed the basis of the Canadian Stratford Festival production in 1956 under Tyrone Guthrie, who then directed a film adaptation released the following year. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Butler_Yeats_by_George_Charles_Beresford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/William_Butler_Yeats_by_George_Charles_Beresford.jpg/80px-William_Butler_Yeats_by_George_Charles_Beresford.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/William_Butler_Yeats_by_George_Charles_Beresford.jpg/120px-William_Butler_Yeats_by_George_Charles_Beresford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/William_Butler_Yeats_by_George_Charles_Beresford.jpg/160px-William_Butler_Yeats_by_George_Charles_Beresford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div style="margin-left: 2em; font-size: 0.88em;"> <p><span style="font-variant:all-small-caps;">Oedipus</span>. Children, descendants of old Cadmus, why do you come before me, why do you carry the branches of suppliants, while the city smokes with incense and murmurs with prayer and lamentation? I would not learn from any mouth but yours, old man, therefore I question you myself. Do you know of anything that I can do and have not done? How can I, being the man I am, being King Oedipus, do other than all I know? I were indeed hard of heart did I not pity such suppliants. </p><p><span style="font-variant:all-small-caps;">Priest</span>. Oedipus, King of my country, you can see our ages who are before your door; some it may be too young for such a journey, and some too old, Priests of Zeus such as I, and these chosen young men; while the rest of the people crowd the market-places with their suppliant branches, for the city stumbles towards death, hardly able to raise up its head. A blight has fallen upon the fruitful blossoms of the land. </p> </div> <dl><dd>(<b><a href="/wiki/Sophocles%27_King_Oedipus" title="Sophocles' King Oedipus">Read on...</a></b>)</dd></dl> or see <a href="/wiki/Category:Featured_texts" title="Category:Featured texts">all featured texts</a>.</div> </div> <div id="enws-mainpage-collaboration-container" class="enws-mainpage-widget enws-hide-on-mobile"> <h2 id="Current_collaborations" class="enws-mainpage-widget-header">Current collaborations</h2> <div id="enws-mainpage-collaboration-content" class="enws-mainpage-widget-content"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center">The <b><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:Community_collaboration/Monthly_Challenge/April_2025" title="Wikisource:Community collaboration/Monthly Challenge/April 2025">Monthly Challenge</a></b> for April contains 63 works. You can help by <a href="/wiki/Help:Beginner%27s_guide_to_proofreading" title="Help:Beginner's guide to proofreading">reading the guide</a> and contributing to the <a href="/wiki/Wikisource:Community_collaboration/Monthly_Challenge/April_2025" title="Wikisource:Community collaboration/Monthly Challenge/April 2025">current challenge</a>. <div style="font-size:75%"> <b>This month:</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11538011">.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dl,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist ol,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dd,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dt,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist li{display:inline;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist li.mw-empty-li{display:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dt:after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dd:after,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist li:after{content:" ·";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist-comma dd:after,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist-comma li:after{content:", ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dd dd:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dd dt:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dd li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dt dd:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dt dt:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dt li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist li dd:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist li dt:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist li li:first-child:before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dd dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dd dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dd li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dt dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dt dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dt li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist li dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist li dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist li li:last-child:after{content:") ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist ol>li:before{content:" "counter(listitem)" ";white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dd ol>li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist dt ol>li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .wst-flatlist li ol>li:first-child:before{content:" ("counter(listitem)" "}</style><div class="wst-flatlist"> <ul><li><i>Pages <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14767791">.mw-parser-output .wst-tooltip{cursor:help;border-bottom:thin dotted cornflowerblue}.mw-parser-output .wst-tooltip-nodash{border-bottom:none}</style><span class="wst-tooltip wst-tooltip-dash" title="proofread, validated or marked without text">processed</span>:</i> 234 (11.7% of target)</li> <li><i>Avg. pages/day:</i> 117</li> <li><i>Yesterday:</i> 190</li></ul> </div><br /> <b>Last month:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11538011" /><div class="wst-flatlist"> <ul><li><i>Pages processed:</i> 2999 (100.0% of target)</li> <li><i>Avg. pages/day:</i> 97</li></ul> </div> </div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; float:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:Monthly_Challenge" title="Wikisource:Monthly Challenge"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikisource_laurier.svg/120px-Wikisource_laurier.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikisource_laurier.svg/150px-Wikisource_laurier.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="127" data-file-height="116" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="collaboration-potm"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star_-_check.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Featured_article_star_-_check.svg/120px-Featured_article_star_-_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Featured_article_star_-_check.svg/150px-Featured_article_star_-_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center">The current <b><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:Proofread_of_the_Month" title="Wikisource:Proofread of the Month">Proofread of the Month</a></b> is <b><a href="/wiki/Index:Further_Poems_Emily-1929.djvu" title="Index:Further Poems Emily-1929.djvu">Further Poems of Emily Dickinson</a></b> (1929) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Emily_Dickinson" title="Author:Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a>.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14874143">.mw-parser-output .wst-progress-bar{border-spacing:0;border:1px solid grey;height:15px;width:100%;border-radius:3px;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .wst-progress-bar td{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .wst-progress-bar .wst-progress-bar-q0{background-color:#ddd}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .wst-progress-bar-q4{background-color:#00662e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wst-progress-bar-q3{background-color:#666600}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wst-progress-bar-q2{background-color:#40408c}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wst-progress-bar-q1{background-color:#971602}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wst-progress-bar-q0{background-color:#55585e}}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .wst-progress-bar{margin:0;display:table}</style><table class="wst-progress-bar" title="22 validated pages, 29 only proofread pages, 0 problematic pages, 5 not proofread pages, and 15 pages without text (234 pages in index)" data-total="234" data-q4="22" data-q3="29" data-q2="0" data-q1="5" data-q0="15" data-missing="163" style="height:10px;"><tbody><tr><td class="wst-progress-bar-q4" style="width:9.4017094017094%;"></td><td class="wst-progress-bar-q3" style="width:12.393162393162%;"></td><td class="wst-progress-bar-q1" style="width:2.1367521367521%;"></td><td class="wst-progress-bar-q0" style="width:6.4102564102564%;"></td><td class="wst-progress-bar-missing" style="width:69.65811965812%;"></td></tr></tbody></table> <p style="font-size:75%">Recent collaborations: <i><a href="/wiki/Index:Dark_Hester.djvu" title="Index:Dark Hester.djvu">Dark Hester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Index:Towards_a_New_Architecture_(Le_Corbusier).djvu" title="Index:Towards a New Architecture (Le Corbusier).djvu">Towards a New Architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Index:Handbook_of_Precious_Stones.djvu" title="Index:Handbook of Precious Stones.djvu">Precious Stones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Index:A_Warning_to_the_Curious_and_Other_Ghost_Stories.djvu" title="Index:A Warning to the Curious and Other Ghost Stories.djvu">A Warning to the Curious and Other Ghost Stories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Index:A_Grammar_and_Vocabulary_of_the_Language_of_New_Zealand.pdf" title="Index:A Grammar and Vocabulary of the Language of New Zealand.pdf">A Grammar and Vocabulary of the Language of New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Index:Piper_Little_Fuzzy_(1962).djvu" title="Index:Piper Little Fuzzy (1962).djvu">Little Fuzzy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Index:Creation_by_Evolution_(1928).djvu" title="Index:Creation by Evolution (1928).djvu">Creation by Evolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Index:Recollections_of_full_years_(IA_recollectionsoff00taft).pdf" title="Index:Recollections of full years (IA recollectionsoff00taft).pdf">Recollections of Full Years</a>, <a href="/wiki/Index:The_Heart_of_Jainism_(IA_heartofjainism00stevuoft).djvu" title="Index:The Heart of Jainism (IA heartofjainism00stevuoft).djvu">The Heart of Jainism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Index:The_silent_prince_-_a_story_of_the_Netherlands_(IA_cu31924008716957).pdf" title="Index:The silent prince - a story of the Netherlands (IA cu31924008716957).pdf">The Silent Prince</a></i></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <div id="enws-mainpage-newtexts-container" class="enws-mainpage-widget"> <h2 id="New_texts" class="enws-mainpage-widget-header">New texts</h2> <div id="enws-mainpage-newtexts-content" class="enws-mainpage-widget-content"> <div><p style="margin:0.5em 0"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Thirteen-Month_Calendar" title="Thirteen-Month Calendar">Thirteen-Month Calendar</a></span> (1929)</p><p class="creators" style="margin:0 0 0 1em;font-size:83%">edited by <a href="/wiki/Author:Julia_E._Johnsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Author:Julia E. Johnsen">Julia E. Johnsen</a></p></div> <div><p style="margin:0.5em 0"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Canada_and_the_Canadian_Question" title="Canada and the Canadian Question">Canada and the Canadian Question</a></span> (1891)</p><p class="creators" style="margin:0 0 0 1em;font-size:83%">by <a href="/wiki/Author:Goldwin_Smith" title="Author:Goldwin Smith">Goldwin Smith</a></p></div> <div><p style="margin:0.5em 0"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Letters_from_Italy" title="Letters from Italy">Letters from Italy</a></span> (1929)</p><p class="creators" style="margin:0 0 0 1em;font-size:83%">by <a href="/wiki/Author:Karel_%C4%8Capek" title="Author:Karel Čapek">Karel Čapek</a>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Author:Francis_Petherick_Marchant" title="Author:Francis Petherick Marchant">Francis Petherick Marchant</a>, illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Author:Richard_Howard_Penton" title="Author:Richard Howard Penton">Richard Howard Penton</a></p></div> <div><p style="margin:0.5em 0"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Remarks_of_welcome_to_President_Jo%C3%A3o_Goulart_of_Brazil" title="Remarks of welcome to President João Goulart of Brazil">Remarks of welcome to President João Goulart of Brazil</a></span> (1962)</p><p class="creators" style="margin:0 0 0 1em;font-size:83%">by <a href="/wiki/Author:John_F._Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Author:John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Author:Jo%C3%A3o_Goulart" class="mw-redirect" title="Author:João Goulart">João Goulart</a></p></div> <div><p style="margin:0.5em 0"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/The_Brazilian_Bulletin/Volume_1/No._1/The_Song_of_the_Exile" title="The Brazilian Bulletin/Volume 1/No. 1/The Song of the Exile">The Song of the Exile</a></span> (1898)</p><p class="creators" style="margin:0 0 0 1em;font-size:83%">by <a href="/wiki/Author:Gon%C3%A7alves_Dias" class="mw-redirect" title="Author:Gonçalves Dias">Gonçalves Dias</a>, translated by William G. Abbott</p></div> <div><p style="margin:0.5em 0"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/R_v_White_(2025,_NSWSC)" title="R v White (2025, NSWSC)">R v White</a></span> (2025)</p><p class="creators" style="margin:0 0 0 1em;font-size:83%">by <a href="/wiki/Portal:Law_of_New_South_Wales" title="Portal:Law of New South Wales">Ian Gordon Harrison</a></p></div> <div><p style="margin:0.5em 0"><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Tragedies_of_Euripides_(Way)/The_Daughters_of_Troy" title="Tragedies of Euripides (Way)/The Daughters of Troy">The Daughters of Troy</a></span> (1896)</p><p class="creators" style="margin:0 0 0 1em;font-size:83%">by <a href="/wiki/Author:Euripides" title="Author:Euripides">Euripides</a>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Author:Arthur_S._Way" class="mw-redirect" title="Author:Arthur S. Way">Arthur S. Way</a></p></div> </div> <div id="enws-mainpage-newtexts-banner" class="plainlinks noprint">A partial listing of some newly-added texts <span style="font-size: 83%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Template:New_texts&action=edit">Add to this list</a>)</span><br />See other works <a href="/wiki/Wikisource:Works/2025" title="Wikisource:Works/2025">added this year</a></div> </div> <div id="enws-mainpage-highlights-container" class="enws-mainpage-widget"> <h2 id="Highlights" class="enws-mainpage-widget-header">Highlights</h2> <div id="enws-mainpage-highlights-content" class="enws-mainpage-widget-content"><p><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Poetry" title="Portal:Poetry">Poetry</a></b> from <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_poetry" title="Portal:Ancient poetry">ancient</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portal:Medieval_poetry" title="Portal:Medieval poetry">medieval</a> to <a href="/wiki/Portal:Romantic_poetry" title="Portal:Romantic poetry">romantic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portal:Modern_poetry" title="Portal:Modern poetry">modern</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Portal:Love_poetry" title="Portal:Love poetry">love</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portal:War_poetry" title="Portal:War poetry">war</a></p> <p style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texts_by_Country" title="Portal:Texts by Country">Texts</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">laws</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Constitutional_documents" title="Portal:Constitutional documents">constitutions</a></b> of many countries</p> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:American_History" title="Portal:American History">Documents from US history</a></b>, including <a href="/wiki/Portal:American_Revolution" title="Portal:American Revolution">Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portal:American_Civil_War" title="Portal:American Civil War">Civil War</a></p> <p style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><b>US law</b>: <a href="/wiki/Portal:Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Portal:Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court decisions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portal:Federal_Government_of_the_United_States/Executive_branch" title="Portal:Federal Government of the United States/Executive branch">government documents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portal:Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Portal:Presidents of the United States">presidential addresses</a></p> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:General_literature" title="Portal:General literature">General literature</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Portal:Modern_fiction" title="Portal:Modern fiction">modern novels and short stories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portal:Horror" title="Portal:Horror">horror stories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portal:Children%27s_literature" title="Portal:Children's literature">children’s literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portal:Science_fiction" title="Portal:Science fiction">science fiction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portal:Drama" 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=14747043">https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=14747043</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikisource.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الصفحة الرئيسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الصفحة الرئيسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4" title="বেটুপাত – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বেটুপাত" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikisource.org/wiki/Ana_s%C9%99hif%C9%99" title="Ana səhifə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ana səhifə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikisource.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama" title="Kaca Utama – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kaca Utama" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikisource.org/wiki/Panginot_na_Pahina" title="Panginot na Pahina – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Panginot na Pahina" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Галоўная старонка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Галоўная старонка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Начална страница – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Начална страница" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8:%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="উইকিসংকলন:প্রধান পাতা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিসংকলন:প্রধান পাতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikimammenn:Degemer" title="Wikimammenn:Degemer – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Wikimammenn:Degemer" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikisource.org/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" title="Početna strana – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Početna strana" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikisource.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal" title="Pàgina principal – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pàgina principal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikizdroje:Hlavn%C3%AD_strana" title="Wikizdroje:Hlavní strana – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wikizdroje:Hlavní strana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikisource.org/wiki/Hafan" title="Hafan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hafan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikisource.org/wiki/Forside" title="Forside – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Forside" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Hauptseite" title="Hauptseite – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hauptseite" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Κύρια Σελίδα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κύρια Σελίδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikisource.org/wiki/Vikifontaro:%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" title="Vikifontaro:Ĉefpaĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vikifontaro:Ĉefpaĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikisource.org/wiki/Esileht" title="Esileht – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Esileht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikisource.org/wiki/Azala" title="Azala – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikisource.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%D9%94_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C" title="صفحهٔ اصلی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صفحهٔ اصلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikisource.org/wiki/Etusivu" title="Etusivu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Etusivu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikisource.org/wiki/Fors%C3%AD%C3%B0a" title="Forsíða – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Forsíða" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:Accueil" title="Wikisource:Accueil – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wikisource:Accueil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikisource.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%96%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%83%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A0" title="મુખપૃષ્ઠ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મુખપૃષ્ઠ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikisource.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99" title="עמוד ראשי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עמוד ראשי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="विकिस्रोत:मुखपृष्ठ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विकिस्रोत:मुखपृष्ठ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikisource.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica" title="Glavna stranica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Glavna stranica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikisource.org/wiki/Kezd%C5%91lap" title="Kezdőlap – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kezdőlap" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikisource.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AC%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%A7%D5%BB" title="Գլխավոր էջ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գլխավոր էջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Halaman Utama – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Halaman Utama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikiheimild:Fors%C3%AD%C3%B0a" title="Wikiheimild:Forsíða – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Wikiheimild:Forsíða" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Pagina_principale" title="Pagina principale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pagina principale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8" title="メインページ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メインページ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisumber:Pendhapa" title="Wikisumber:Pendhapa – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wikisumber:Pendhapa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikisource.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მთავარი გვერდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მთავარი გვერდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%96%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%9F" title="ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪುಟ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪುಟ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikisource.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%AC%B8%ED%97%8C:%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8" title="위키문헌:대문 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키문헌:대문" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Pagina_prima" title="Pagina prima – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pagina prima" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikisource.org/wiki/Veurblaad" title="Veurblaad – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Veurblaad" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikisource.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_prin%C3%A7ip%C3%A2" title="Pàgina prinçipâ – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Pàgina prinçipâ" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikisource.org/wiki/Pagrindinis_puslapis" title="Pagrindinis puslapis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pagrindinis puslapis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Главна страница – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Главна страница" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രധാന താൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രധാന താൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="मुखपृष्ठ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मुखपृष्ठ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikisource.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" title="Laman Utama – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laman Utama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikisource.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC" title="ဗဟိုစာမျက်နှာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗဟိုစာမျက်နှာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikisource.org/wiki/Paggena_prencepale" title="Paggena prencepale – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Paggena prencepale" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikisource.org/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Hoofdpagina – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoofdpagina" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikikilden:Forside" title="Wikikilden:Forside – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" data-title="Wikikilden:Forside" data-language-autonym="Norsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A0%E0%AC%BE" title="ପ୍ରଧାନ ପୃଷ୍ଠା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପ୍ରଧାନ ପୃଷ୍ଠା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮੁੱਖ ਸਫ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁੱਖ ਸਫ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikisource.org/wiki/Wiki%C5%BAr%C3%B3d%C5%82a:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" title="Wikiźródła:Strona główna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wikiźródła:Strona główna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikisource.org/wiki/Intrada" title="Intrada – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Intrada" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:P%C3%A1gina_principal" title="Wikisource:Página principal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikisource:Página principal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikisource.org/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" title="Pagina principală – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pagina principală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Заглавная страница – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Заглавная страница" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="मुख्यपृष्ठम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मुख्यपृष्ठम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%80%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Сүрүн сирэй – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сүрүн сирэй" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikizdroje:Hlavn%C3%A1_str%C3%A1nka" title="Wikizdroje:Hlavná stránka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Wikizdroje:Hlavná stránka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikisource.org/wiki/Glavna_stran" title="Glavna stran – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Glavna stran" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Главна страна – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Главна страна" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikisource.org/wiki/Tepas" title="Tepas – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tepas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:Huvudsida" title="Wikisource:Huvudsida – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wikisource:Huvudsida" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="முதற் பக்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முதற் பக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%96%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%9F" title="ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪುಟ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪುಟ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80" title="మొదటి పేజీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మొదటి పేజీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="หน้าหลัก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หน้าหลัก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikisource.org/wiki/Anasayfa" title="Anasayfa – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anasayfa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Головна сторінка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Головна сторінка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikisource.org/wiki/Pagina_prinsipale" title="Pagina prinsipale – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pagina prinsipale" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikisource.org/wiki/Trang_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Trang Chính – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trang Chính" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisourd:Mwaisse_p%C3%A5dje" title="Wikisourd:Mwaisse pådje – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Wikisourd:Mwaisse pådje" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikisource.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%98_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98" title="הויפט זייט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הויפט זייט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="Wikisource:首页 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Wikisource:首页" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikisource.org/wiki/Th%C3%A2u-ia%CC%8Dh" title="Thâu-ia̍h – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thâu-ia̍h" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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