CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "bioguide.congress.gov",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '8e9a63504888469d',cH: '.804xJbaCVSfID_FxsAhJPIlceftDjoODjcDZeccqCs-1732797222-1.2.1.1-FBk4ffPU5.A1CWv7b_kJUM7V19TFbp5pwCrX5.GEDnjKGo7b8tDzOTn4Le2Cno9h',cUPMDTk: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=J000038&__cf_chl_tk=E.wQK30oYMu0UmJJkZ41pfJV0G7AZJV2WK9GBlo.Rr8-1732797222-1.0.1.1-QN4qIQ_t6I7Yi43uognZCYVIAmd4D_WXMVWwlvkAsK8",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732797222',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=J000038&__cf_chl_f_tk=E.wQK30oYMu0UmJJkZ41pfJV0G7AZJV2WK9GBlo.Rr8-1732797222-1.0.1.1-QN4qIQ_t6I7Yi43uognZCYVIAmd4D_WXMVWwlvkAsK8",md: "pfTuDWvmOZWenxxNuHYOAgJlDkRv2Od.Td2.XEto2mA-1732797222-1.2.1.1-UGmdDHgmqkiVvShFl_bO4bMgeZE3yUTeFfCt5GKndzJhXBi1WZTrS8x4VrqSUEgPZR2SgiYtiiFvfhorG4RCqF1appQ0z31ZrOi2cGpmOgKnT8O.YvRuEiDQeu1uNLEKKKzHfODBL7bvc.P3dl.dB3eYEiM4nWDQjDVTUT1YoQwAxUUDarZgkQBbd9bmoWpjxOgWT9zAhy5yAV92lTb2weebZZi2ILAxWjk55xU.m4170LWuARlhgQQ_mWARTwxPR_T7HYqHoZ9EO7Hruj0BHGSAwuzhVxg4ZrIhlE1_oDC2zlpmuF4H.Ujyj4P4T8AZXFhAd6GfK9stmM6FTlFpE0O5mROCzY8rFoDXxnDv1q_8Yqy7Lqtp2P5_TfTV5z2dKY51Jfacaw68DOb6eqKGtAmzQO_JTNk.W0JvLIm_F8euy_dHNBsc0QuGUks3P.z0FDX3AEo1YElkvPZ_569T4c9kp5F1c9dBSFUBRrM7QstCDQfZsao9U50EPIPgDlHVszVVHqhFIRJWaLx5VTdhS76oJYJwIfg3JFaNT3gMSf0Xv197ffigm_8xDriRo5uyUcV1_fvpq6v5eRynsErNcHklyaj09KK5_Z1nNrm0dWmrR8ItbL5AJ957hkv_lH6PbFMacl4LtI86jOFwhFJx8j5iwmqYQp1IZVJ11Udc4LyEn5AI0AdZu0todeTIdXVUrvjVDmmOgxTjZc0Zk_MR1sX9syHto9.Uud_0hHz5kWIRGNPsACDVhPFTwrXrZ7xn3vGYwUwjPZ3eVXmq7CiwO2aRvWtl4SN3gto.YRWntAcpqRGURapgXQ9EDsr43OjcjBvE3V1dslVyTUWk6hx7vadsuZSj_PZW.2maxL9mQGsMWylYPbQXwHeY8XgA4a3IPomeaXL9vjTvLIMUibfOHB9mVIPIP3u3K8Q2I88w.IgEA8SSD6dDa240LbUgl4Zofs67iGIlGdRpXjD8r4P3b7OeRXpCF8CxDGryzCp.c2FOgvpYdG3zlp1Arx8cWTORRxXcnComTepuEYKPqBS_gc68Ub89.8MEDNh0Btg_0wOGsbdKny0PiFdf.tCri53.KpE0wnOJbEKC6tktHS_cEnGy_bqlYQHoTHcRQ2Z4c3A8J.DqFx3r1fNLYD3mcVpJ4Q1ki5eFtlnw6cZTwu5qAzUmPa6ZqLcn0hxR_X87p9ueUF5pLkKwKPd67X7_pdN0xHnL_HxeSqUGwP4zOB97W.xtHqRMfqRktYrf74_GkSeyg_wjcxbDIHh8tHXpcyGOwR8CwiEs5.URaQxW5DZ29s_YlngiRFkLdPgNau8D4OpDv577KvNA5_GEkL4pAFxCU53BQEKFvL8TSmT6VMcUhPhPaP1acrr1Ur5eKU36bv1wL_jdQLzKAY1dIubWKKAI9ahfWOWcIDU94lQCE4g1l1k6xcGarMDFUUMHXyuP9znhS9j52.k.Wctj.CUeI3ycrYsf8aQOoEj0fBZ793nqLVDmZJFysYLiWGSuknLc7YeSsBSb7Tyx1xxwAjYk0Xb8MjyQ6mo2h8GJpDYi7oDGZcmW1SP.w4pBVeWyNPGEdhSMskrgsPzNkeayGEq3DidLPS7gWYO1.zB4ySsM.cnUttWq7hxiNj1v1fK40wKXmY4TRvzj7a_snf2o9GMWE7LdpoL5d4btVq3zGVcsoI7Ra52rtWSRnQcjI0qmTHnI.ACOH6XWcUVyAo1GwBYf81KNcClo3vbabVkUZ8L0FD8P4GXZFXqgU.SgiWLXCHYS8o0TDlbkRXzJLOIqqAG_HTvMtbtmChIkQW7oVIEMEusGzKwwZDB5Qza1rDYbKpLyYRqETWTUs3FSLYTnxD51kjeaDxQI1InV38N7t4IGs6X9_xYlJK5CJmzrDvI532Abgt45X1gEVKzHa71WYCd1mbfRd_CzousAmHAje0hwkQn1SAlcSD1I7kNgqJOY7cKlR986zrN8YajUjs2FUALWenc2JLX4YI63DznXzn.dDKwJSnIpHPa32Jaz8Swhi9Efwk4",mdrd: "Fp8txhw1MjCDKmAQmN3Z5qp5GAZIkJ0cXeZ2zrdvqkw-1732797222-1.2.1.1-qNY_PnseYleajgAuBYQErrINp1rEJGA5h9Z8Z9twFALtm2zy0sADqZ5pXAKNq8MquxAUwRxc..zzu8Ecjkv0qFDz5SbcVTumB7XUdBQITczvNDTZT69jNhXO0.eIL90dvsVHBpjword75o6CxdGNpsbAlsZT69z4VK4jyP9jOefoijZI46GMCIHYTO.OL2tOFwV9KKWdtyRSuioBEcmR57zmlen.r9ZWFPXZJHtCqoEa4eAMQgSzt6mDRg0yzrahb33ABjGuItkAtvJ9SRWn6d63gmc.AoycOzLAWoXQO.uSmpgltKjDKFqm4bQp8.9qwSeOi5sNCUMB42sE8s7PT1VXgd_VPIOoa013E3LAEOF.gpwdWn_b69Xc3T10fEUjVBcigmNRmuyQX7DFkm1xVGr2mp0lBxuO0D8F.Dmt0SUA_fv0h.2f43c6fC2fNQeVuyeZvh1B13xIgs76trPufM.rIec0dh9wnlW86oUxnsjiHkZzLXvmIVPCaETwn8jHWyO31rM3axiyB54tSTbs2pjsnREeFUVKHXF1AQaEETGULYtIhdEAxqyPf17lP.E9K1tVoipAXEoBI4YUzJkwAZja4_WjKuOmcMB1xgIIusHCXDGWUyzJUKYZTfqHtHVOAEocr.dQbCyPdfkQbA39rYwmdS_pcQ9DJ1XjpIXVq8IqxgYw_wj9WrIr5LyERVxPFiKCR2Fnez1Odp3TZ7BCvDHO07SegkB7PxfBTI28i22o22rrqrU9qZKHzFtxCUoUnQgCs8h79CgeK6LUm4IXGMhtzc89jHILCBH_EyvHS7kgzzlsdHuEihHD6W582n4o68hINY0c8CkMcP9Ql3.tRn.F3iMxcwXe0cGRGqBEFG5Vm0LTaYO77VaD8xJfP4HC9zxuxGNo.1usrsLSrt9yPg3aFQUaE0kKEfEoo5vuQmfaAkAnkH0UB2hT51iMijn5DIWjAP7JcBTpRmIi0xk73Hefb2ME5JhcpX0_CuC.i3lvZqa2FvQcWTI6JIFsltEPbkUoEbC14YeyIoEb2oLIPkbtDIOh5pEj58uAqSItx5ZYrYFSNqNAqYe0uI3qEJ2MhWLccA_S3Anyt1fqLtfuN76c3TMrd_Zq8BkIKhTgsxzFk5wXSFtbr2IPwC5J0QJAoBAI4lYTo.aINHcpKvnYcHICHkQ..31NfyifxjSh4.tN.DQJSJ.NiwwU4ZXTm7bLp3hZhjLIp_UwLMii9ZXrkAigHCOt5OJqt6ew3Na5YpTnNu6ApsfHAgE14SqeCX_ES1IQeBjOxS9h08TlHF_0L4Y78VDwBFoqkZR3ZdsLucz5i5bjd0_65Rc1FGyykPzrcL4Kj.DiCnkIP2FMbMRRCe.CU6NDx4gZSUDqaIy69j_23qZwzCTdSnf5p2KirKS3q_MxHazNiiRQ_AutIsjes9nn_oWMgcDp4vfJ4EdxSmp1_NMxq.si7YNBfinA6vIL7phHHRea2lP7zhgU.p0koCLhPYiTmN_Rj6.ZORBiQB.H9HxGRZ.VQcbF.5dCay84j0kHrstOa4P4B9ZlXRhCNop4IQGiXBMp2ZLe_q4crnLT0bbXSEbZG7BIBRrneaiPMG85XK1oMFBhzXzvk.q5pYMz1yI.XkgYWzUd6JlNvOwR8DZyc.kexfhUILpFpFMxzKszD5QSsxUM02.5OAXMpHr45TAG1CB.2ekTEN_owehgwdBQ33BLHIIQWSLTzmOXzRkw5W_EC2eVCpbq5O1bb2KeGe1M6P4TQGHsRLrgTXJ47riSSaI5LX1.q2AFCrnk7GET2HNU2vtXQ4lGHHHoerfqGQwGScacqWXAMNPVNr1mB5B4nqVfNR1htfUseWgRhzi7faej8nz5PDvajZpVGEv3u_pp1D3lyS9_vjicV2L3kW1tjqEHQZSyJbjPs.YsWgccT.2U7p1IgyuIB94_s_TOpA7m1NuMVFQiEqEqMQOWS2Hf93UmCM8LBWB7d.Zgff8Jh4iiXZ4ZuSAB_V5cqQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e9a63504888469d';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=J000038&__cf_chl_rt_tk=E.wQK30oYMu0UmJJkZ41pfJV0G7AZJV2WK9GBlo.Rr8-1732797222-1.0.1.1-QN4qIQ_t6I7Yi43uognZCYVIAmd4D_WXMVWwlvkAsK8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>