CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134f0623c0afda0',cH: 'or3Y1.g1W11QpCZyT2QiAHvnGrqDHz40c090wGb5neA-1739786516-1.2.1.1-DeQMR_YKNbu10PhhHvIo8Ezj9p9XO8lW3WwnUiGHSBTQoHBrMCFodtjBFfThDuUp',cUPMDTk: "\/9997391\/json?__cf_chl_tk=f8a9jGtDqiq0SH9xXKzYvXSdLzdSos9Rh_ECT7.shOI-1739786516-1.0.1.1-UjJwvIQNfw78kZU8uOnsq_rMwVs3BlIqWbtmzWungk4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786516',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/9997391\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=f8a9jGtDqiq0SH9xXKzYvXSdLzdSos9Rh_ECT7.shOI-1739786516-1.0.1.1-UjJwvIQNfw78kZU8uOnsq_rMwVs3BlIqWbtmzWungk4",md: "uyYuiogbAqnhCwcwFOxjbZ7_QwtixNGnbmh8mHq5jX4-1739786516-1.2.1.1-LsKCsp9jPgzWMSpEdse3QJ6EldHL20m_iGwTsBxwbzA78s1Qt3NaUFOSrtPVbatUk6wo.2WWZtINskMSpkrJnillgCWYvY1bSPQv70vNrb540k41c3FHROBmK5hNLHF1JZQUyB1MjhEk3_cC.isFBRgTbcHFCZBNBmD92hBcfF.7WMps6egbfezpYnI5tyQRo_ZpREFXDmu6uLqw4K5VsOwzrYdT6OeNmjGz2WMDwfzkZ53SawM5SMdcn1mBheJYWkj_LWJEzByMbhEkC2MoJAox22SgYM6gl8CdDqxz.Q_b_5ESc5_tZBXllSwqvuzEAMTaTtIFJuAVDr4x5gSo_5WEz66d.7ToJayaD_d1LZpEh9eGGUxf8r72Fl8Ha2Idf.l5OnbqCAZCiN_Xzs3jpcxINl3B6LCZsjFL0zcKWgNqMLg5cL32BFMcU0AMoVU7ParK2Ow6y.wXgY5ITP4WsZa6Y7eIxfArZMoWgNRFN_hAGa_5Dfpms_pnt1uqxcRI7fAvMKpcZTzb0YNFuwSnvYqy9iyL7xsszt7XsN7HJJib0J.A.EhEnbh8U9OkAkDLG.8G5arUGBT0R0keeXwu_xc55WIsMYysJGY4WKW804FRoOcxj32c0PJJRO.MIRdH7XZbBBEMYpiNKxz80STI9IKE_f3ONX9RzyGunS5lF0k.pdE2UKGzQvI5Jh4UL5yopokHAw_H8awDfma1C.VtBBXMNnH5LlablsWembzgKV.1dPSI4Q4hGLZvNfas3LsOElkxZm0mxwrnfxfqA4zarJSpDvt5hWVhIao0W9FmZ3hAObk.3KlcNOMioH6T4lhdwwv8UmebHozx9Vr7bKTko_RmkDrd7GehoDKhC_8e0ZFibdG3axAlllVIIUq0kVtdMgm7WWizu1AfTUbNfKlDnPgPH4pUimpFhuVKe93H8hNqPNW5sNqiW2Vb12BQi8KrQ7ctWnBVEO3YzvYqUP4wVdVCucguZ4gmGLQ9O6rD_.1b5KSlhuyu3569ALxU7g8CxfkECcqEDLF6syo3NEbYZjy2jPsGlmRyW0AxRUG3eKLlUIUQ7RxOzSlgyeKcD.my8.RiNspGNMLc9YJWXOYaNUt1laT7bSULpOQFEu1UspSjelf3bKwB_QRSzYHPr5i413n0tMRt3irVdt3C7G2ie2kiQocgfX5I87MBhUccqaBbJWYKsNm7xtCxM01VfOEmCmLUumYS4qeg6vXluTnrbCwaAYh_HcjO2e48dvzd5i5R9Mgzw7zwkdR0zfPwO8H7vHue_xNPXPfHjv34coZivhGD5wD3TegfY8bAo60nh5Db6TdD6nMI3.P1nuP75m4mnIzSyoOTu04jjgxzNz0tUF3ifVjkoyzjF7sDDo4HtyiVh52ibCA2H27xWdHjiQ732ow1VMSnX8xCV8fVFYrbkh8suDEFH7U.DboiR52_UfBGWr2XqvtoMFNBdp0mNS45cxYRvGjiynKvr9EjsAuALfO4nr8oDjEejpYMPdcLXmDHNXCpZX4ADxKMz4IcT0.nAClIMnMXUvJlHhP3BISv2yCiBDpthxIFGKWSufBBx6owY3OYQAniqMors0y9JtygGYyAtzduIBtjje2_UgYrI1AakM59KGY2YjjAkjo4cbjfE8qe6yKKNkFak5A19uv5rtLxD3b88SJ_CnInCdVQn04oTS_uY5ByCf6RRD7idrkq9QuKedkKB4nsOBCgYG2n0bU9OG6FJKJ7UA4rDJ1cF7UDx9N0xwwQDbS2le_NRrhXuvQik_3NWR8mFHrc.8p5Bb.IIdWjFub9T3faxTGpBSb42TTYTh_51JBqbihLiE4R11GQP6AzBBopXFLwcjSrL5TVZrFBEQ9r0ZyXHJxikaWtMhQC9z9NGmYYtOAOv9E",mdrd: "_RMNiV__GycZd0jr89LCyLAdvf13aHFecjZB5vgDgDE-1739786516-1.2.1.1-FNqPsJVoYRYeARGZdEtQ2PvHHPO8WoFyOSb8PYSEAHwJf2IWvD2kwCnIYwKCrrUQIA6zLF_Zoc1NBB_vjIc7Ej3ELbh5G0x._FLdI9W6f.TzfyhWILgitfK00piLISrCMknSOTUV.jz8wXroFt58M_wVUlDSWHRmkzyLPlD7PS55lBA.OrcThC7FgJxkFhR0KBg2.9vqy6g0mnGkmX.RDjHzUPMKFDeoGjmmZd_wbe_NSDMsEqbtwqjkKmyUw0CgLt41wej9FkIvT56UvL4hzAl9u7BlQdjW8O4pRTvI6oK0.ITE0V2ebLfiTF5h6GRu3uWT3vu8BxTTdKSISERWSfv4GHlqgcuheKDswzMoV5GqdG30DxVCP1cDM1BIQx6bTzPDFcg70l5Qji4Ndxr6d.KceiDRjteklcRBq3edhBxBlhvFmBK4ycfP57KJ7oZZArw5mSL2XDYXdohnC4HTD6QNtnpDxlv_2.6x0vl7Sg3Iyf_mlQ8CGvvYUeqrlzz.DH6MiM1cdUWzAyrYV.3bY74FcbEE9ciT7sBA_Xc5JI4vnjE_mgoSJaEPoY47c7f6CyYXB37J9UK8Vhxc6LKKSrLCPnhLqFaNKdpmJUqKxDXFosGfuPAEsZCMSsN5NUG1HvHRqa0YAkSnzut967f3wGWRwMm.G.oWF_k3bBtomLx9xSxfh3O09bL8FpD6X0jMrOfl4QQuo6UKMwUozkocyb9.qoLS3XOTMmo9xRT6Q9jq0q8mc2bgDHCxXa.0M6PbnOqaehFNemIDCtj9OeXPRO4D6YnBwmBOb6KHAbyFmmdfmZO67PeOBoGIBcwHt00doJmJkcdutij_s5ix8siEqX6HOUiHMSvm6bLnl5tWR8rCRKl2qs2yPakSdBWP6FOQVyGZ_T4WLkgM9KuUF1UKcf31zw_IssRpWYlbYUZywq_K2To.2Hv2ChrvSyKBZ_NAXXISR1JvPLpqKaF2Yc_cErBSapSTE3wrXnQ.wfjzF0NmL2y6AhNJEG9KZwN3SMPPo.9_9LhT5ujiEzJrBHU61SqIEElFYl9qfki8tAKL1nr8RvOPuPQLhxm9W99W4VY_gSrBmlS3CUMqxCY9.afSn8mJbQFmjowrFPym.yF8jYlNgSbrOJiOWCzqbyFWGTKO1Wv1hsGzfDou.ExKRKFxJmuHD6Ng2.0xHqtUf_5Q1uiQjQOa400PSurCZkrK.JDioUQqhal0Pw9cHefOMvgF2ojJbKSccCDWaBjWxuwbQDMNyEtQYR.7SZLLp1Cv6KBb_AF8VJ_XXYFJWjW6oGu1QohJ3v0x1RbSihGYHba.XjU_jkfYa1pXuXFwjVWbEGayc_xhgZ5PRcXxZDYkbrOvghH0y4DBnvPj3Cg.hGO4_7.yjNu25lzb8IcIKz50QMUY2_qjQbzyqyuQvLDqDCZ3u62Xj3g4t7SumQsf_0sEuVKLZFfVwORCabJP1lNulX7ZgOSfK54TXza0fRR4_S.YE1T2unZYdipUUrbeFMTamcXeleAwmgyPgeTE7hUQeXLtOCpByEcRw32s_fVpuB1sJdKq5yczliXaVeroy7.LBWU1LkIwK_H1mOh5mRvQrG1Yy00kGG4u8pED6annL1RYt7DXhIIFaK7YtGDreYCrC4ryqTRF1xEHpewDam0Fx3j7yXZkc4pUPN0edlMMCiRpOaGltC2FGH7BFfYV5vF6OOMvX6sBTpBUju_AVkMqSImuz8VIbryJED6ydUfO3EgS1mOahFoD0JAPL2MsaVeSjxKBFCnNsvxNauEHwWa3P6XM7VX0Zkqinrv5AL29wCYh0TEOUIdcy9K.A4Pfh5AAC_rb4pw4Q_h2vWhXKAfMw13v6wK6.uiHzg8_jP9nO..GwDS8w162bf.87d31CjSnFahuWMsOCgGgah0GsDLsJgVVSFY_UeO5ivcLds6k9Mx1zZmepsuGpZ7Mqf_6t7VQhiTTJlGEYXWc_mbw1FIDkpVB"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134f0623c0afda0';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9997391\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=f8a9jGtDqiq0SH9xXKzYvXSdLzdSos9Rh_ECT7.shOI-1739786516-1.0.1.1-UjJwvIQNfw78kZU8uOnsq_rMwVs3BlIqWbtmzWungk4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>