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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chinese politician, educator and architect</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Zhou_(surname)" title="Zhou (surname)">Zhou</a></i>.</div> <p><b>Zhou Rongxin</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">周荣鑫</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">周榮鑫</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhōu Róngxīn</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile"><b>Chou Jung-hsin</b></span></i>; 1917–1976), was a Chinese politician, educator and <a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">architect</a>. He served as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Education_(China)" title="Minister of Education (China)">Minister of Education</a> and President of <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University" title="Zhejiang University">Zhejiang University</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhou_Rongxin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zhou was born in Penglai, <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Shandong Province">Shandong Province</a> in April 1917. From 1975 to 1976, Zhou was the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China">Minister of Education of the People's Republic of China</a>. Zhou favored reinstating the entrance examination for all subjects and reducing vocational training.<sup id="cite_ref-:Minami_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Minami-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 97">: 97 </span></sup> In the summer of 1975, he toured the country promoting these educational reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-:Minami_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Minami-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 97">: 97 </span></sup> </p><p>From 1958 to 1962, Zhou was the <a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_Zhejiang_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidents of Zhejiang University">President</a> of <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University" title="Zhejiang University">Zhejiang University</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>. From 1965 to 1975, Zhou was the <a href="/wiki/Secretary-general" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-general">Secretary-general</a> of the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council of the People's Republic of China</a>; during this period, he was an important assistant of Premier <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a>. Zhou was the first and second Director of the Chinese Architectural Society (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">中国建筑学会</span></span>). </p><p>Zhou committed suicide after a campaign against him of <a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">persecution</a> on 13 April 1976, at age 59, during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>. His absence from the Chinese government was not noticed in the West until September 10, when his name was one of three of major officials (in addition to Railway Minister <a href="/wiki/Wan_Li" title="Wan Li">Wan Li</a> and Xinhua Press agency director Chu Mu-chih) omitted from the list of dignitaries attending the funeral of Chairman Mao Zedong. "Mr. Chou came under attack in wall posters at Tsinghua University in Peking last December at the beginning of the anitrightist campaign," a report in <i>The New York Times</i> noted, "and is rumored to have died since, possibly by suicide."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhou_Rongxin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:Minami-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:Minami_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Minami_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMinami2024" class="citation book cs1">Minami, Kazushi (2024). <i>People's Diplomacy: How Americans and Chinese Transformed US-China Relations during the Cold War</i>. Ithaca, NY: <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781501774157" title="Special:BookSources/9781501774157"><bdi>9781501774157</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=People%27s+Diplomacy%3A+How+Americans+and+Chinese+Transformed+US-China+Relations+during+the+Cold+War&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9781501774157&rft.aulast=Minami&rft.aufirst=Kazushi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZhou+Rongxin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zju.edu.cn/xqzl/lrxz/518.jpg">Presidents of Zhejiang University: Zhou Rongxin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070212145817/http://www.zju.edu.cn/xqzl/lrxz/518.jpg">Archived</a> February 12, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ouster of 3 Senior Peking Aides Is Indicated in Mao Funeral List", by Fox Butterfield, <i>The New York Times</i>, September 11, 1976, p. 3</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministers_of_Education_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xulun" title="Ma Xulun">Ma Xulun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Xiruo" title="Zhang Xiruo">Zhang Xiruo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Xiufeng" title="Yang Xiufeng">Yang Xiufeng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Jiping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Jiping (page does not exist)">Liu Jiping</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(acting)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Wei" title="He Wei">He Wei</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zhou Rongxin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Xiyao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Xiyao (page does not exist)">Liu Xiyao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiang_Nanxiang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiang Nanxiang (page does not exist)">Jiang Nanxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Dongchang" title="He Dongchang">He Dongchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Peng" title="Li Peng">Li Peng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Tieying" title="Li Tieying">Li Tieying</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Kaixuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhu Kaixuan (page does not exist)">Zhu Kaixuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Zhili" title="Chen Zhili">Chen Zhili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Ji_(born_1946)" title="Zhou Ji (born 1946)">Zhou Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Guiren" title="Yuan Guiren">Yuan Guiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Baosheng" title="Chen Baosheng">Chen Baosheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai_Jinpeng" title="Huai Jinpeng">Huai Jinpeng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8071035#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8071035#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8071035#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000064194837">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/66315889">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1494390/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqfCkD99d83QWt96HHDMP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr90002693">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36684699">Australia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output 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