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<li id="toc-Overseas_broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overseas_broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Overseas broadcasting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overseas_broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China_Network_Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China_Network_Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>China Network Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China_Network_Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <button 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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Programs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Channels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Channels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Channels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Channels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Audience_share" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audience_share"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Audience share</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audience_share-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personalities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personalities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Personalities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reception subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Incidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1990s_Falun_Gong_crackdown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s_Falun_Gong_crackdown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>1990s Falun Gong crackdown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s_Falun_Gong_crackdown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xinwen_Lianbo_and_fake_imagery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xinwen_Lianbo_and_fake_imagery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Xinwen Lianbo and fake imagery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xinwen_Lianbo_and_fake_imagery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comments_by_CCTV_head_Hu_Zhanfan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comments_by_CCTV_head_Hu_Zhanfan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Comments by CCTV head Hu Zhanfan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comments_by_CCTV_head_Hu_Zhanfan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broadcasting_forced_confessions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broadcasting_forced_confessions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Broadcasting forced confessions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broadcasting_forced_confessions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009_fire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009_fire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.5</span> <span>2009 fire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009_fire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libyan_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libyan_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.6</span> <span>Libyan Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libyan_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019_NBA_free_speech_dispute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019_NBA_free_speech_dispute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.7</span> <span>2019 NBA free speech dispute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019_NBA_free_speech_dispute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Censorship_and_disinformation_about_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Censorship_and_disinformation_about_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.8</span> <span>Censorship and disinformation about the Russian invasion of Ukraine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Censorship_and_disinformation_about_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Censorship_during_the_2022_COVID-19_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Censorship_during_the_2022_COVID-19_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.9</span> <span>Censorship during the 2022 COVID-19 protests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Censorship_during_the_2022_COVID-19_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fukushima_Daiichi_Nuclear_Power_Plant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fukushima_Daiichi_Nuclear_Power_Plant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.10</span> <span>Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fukushima_Daiichi_Nuclear_Power_Plant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">China Central Television</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="تلفزيون الصين المركزي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تلفزيون الصين المركزي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Central_de_China" title="Televisión Central de China – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Televisión Central de China" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCTV" title="CCTV – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="CCTV" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong-kok_Tiong-iong_Ti%C4%81n-s%C4%AB-t%C3%A2i" title="Tiong-kok Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiong-kok Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D2%AF%D2%99%D3%99%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Ҡытай үҙәк телевидениеһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡытай үҙәк телевидениеһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Китайска централна телевизия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Китайска централна телевизия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="China Central Television" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADnsk%C3%A1_%C3%BAst%C5%99edn%C3%AD_televize" title="Čínská ústřední televize – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čínská ústřední televize" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="China Central Television" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%DA%A4%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7" title="تلڤزيون لمركزي د شينوا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تلڤزيون لمركزي د شينوا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="China Central Television" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="China Central Television" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Central_de_China" title="Televisión Central de China – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Televisión Central de China" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ina_Centra_Televido" title="Ĉina Centra Televido – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉina Centra Televido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="China Central Television" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="تلویزیون مرکزی چین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تلویزیون مرکزی چین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_centrale_de_Chine" title="Télévision centrale de Chine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Télévision centrale de Chine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="China Central Television" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%ED%85%94%EB%A0%88%EB%B9%84%EC%A0%84" title="중국중앙텔레비전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중국중앙텔레비전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Չինաստանի կենտրոնական հեռուստատեսություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չինաստանի կենտրոնական հեռուստատեսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="China Central Television" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCTV_(azienda)" title="CCTV (azienda) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="CCTV (azienda)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F" title="הטלוויזיה המרכזית של סין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הטלוויזיה המרכזית של סין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ჩინეთის ცენტრალური ტელევიზია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩინეთის ცენტრალური ტელევიზია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Қытай Орталық телевизиясы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қытай Орталық телевизиясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="China Central Television" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABnas_Centr%C4%81l%C4%81_telev%C4%ABzija" title="Ķīnas Centrālā televīzija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīnas Centrālā televīzija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADnai_K%C3%B6zponti_Telev%C3%ADzi%C3%B3" title="Kínai Központi Televízió – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kínai Központi Televízió" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisyen_Pusat_China" title="Televisyen Pusat China – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Televisyen Pusat China" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%97%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B6%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="တရုတ်ဗဟိုရုပ်မြင်သံကြား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တရုတ်ဗဟိုရုပ်မြင်သံကြား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="China Central Television" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0" title="中国中央電視台 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中国中央電視台" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="China Central Television" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="China Central Television" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCTV" title="CCTV – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="CCTV" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitoy_markaziy_televideniyasi" title="Xitoy markaziy televideniyasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xitoy markaziy televideniyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%86" title="چائنا سینٹرل ٹیلی ویژن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چائنا سینٹرل ٹیلی ویژن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralna_Telewizja_Chi%C5%84ska" title="Centralna Telewizja Chińska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Centralna Telewizja Chińska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televis%C3%A3o_Central_da_China" title="Televisão Central da China – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Televisão Central da China" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCTV" title="CCTV – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="CCTV" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Центральное телевидение Китая – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Центральное телевидение Китая" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCTV" title="CCTV – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="CCTV" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="China Central Television" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cung-kuo_%C4%8Dung-jang_tien-%C5%A1%E2%80%99-tchaj" title="Čung-kuo čung-jang tien-š’-tchaj – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čung-kuo čung-jang tien-š’-tchaj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Кинеска централна телевизија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кинеска централна телевизија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCTV" title="CCTV – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="CCTV" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="China Central Television" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="สถานีวิทยุโทรทัศน์กลางแห่งประเทศจีน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถานีวิทยุโทรทัศน์กลางแห่งประเทศจีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Телевизиони марказии Чин – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Телевизиони марказии Чин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_Merkez_Televizyonu" title="Çin Merkez Televizyonu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin Merkez Televizyonu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8E" title="Центральне телебачення Китаю – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Центральне телебачення Китаю" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%86" title="چائنا سینٹرل ٹیلی ویژن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چائنا سینٹرل ٹیلی ویژن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0i_Truy%E1%BB%81n_h%C3%ACnh_Trung_%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91c" title="Đài Truyền hình Trung ương Trung Quốc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đài Truyền hình Trung ương Trung Quốc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E8%87%BA" title="中國中央電視臺 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="中國中央電視臺" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%8F%B0" title="中国中央电视台 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="中国中央电视台" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0" title="中國中央電視台 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="中國中央電視台" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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searchaux" style="display:none">National television broadcaster of the People's Republic of China</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">中国中央电视台<br />China Central Television</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:CCTVNewLogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/CCTVNewLogo.svg/220px-CCTVNewLogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/CCTVNewLogo.svg/330px-CCTVNewLogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/CCTVNewLogo.svg/440px-CCTVNewLogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="202" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Central_Television_HQ,_from_China_World_Trade_Centre_(Cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/China_Central_Television_HQ%2C_from_China_World_Trade_Centre_%28Cropped%29.jpg/200px-China_Central_Television_HQ%2C_from_China_World_Trade_Centre_%28Cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/China_Central_Television_HQ%2C_from_China_World_Trade_Centre_%28Cropped%29.jpg/300px-China_Central_Television_HQ%2C_from_China_World_Trade_Centre_%28Cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/China_Central_Television_HQ%2C_from_China_World_Trade_Centre_%28Cropped%29.jpg/400px-China_Central_Television_HQ%2C_from_China_World_Trade_Centre_%28Cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3195" data-file-height="3094" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/CCTV_Headquarters" title="CCTV Headquarters">China Central Television Headquarters</a> in 2019</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/State_media" title="State media">State media</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline;" class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">First air date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 May 1958<span class="noprint">; 66 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1 May 1958</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CCTV_Headquarters" title="CCTV Headquarters">CCTV Headquarters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Broadcast area</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">China Media Group</a><sup id="cite_ref-SD_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former names</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Beijing Television</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">Free channels</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">25<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Pay_television" title="Pay television">Pay channels</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">19<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">Callsigns</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">Voice of China <span style="font-size:85%;">(external)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Network_affiliate" title="Network affiliate">Affiliation(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">China Global Television Network</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official website</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.cctv.com/">english<wbr />.cctv<wbr />.com</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207936#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Subsidiary</th><td class="infobox-data">China International Television Corporation</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">China Central Television</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">中国中央电视台</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">中國中央電視台</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">China Central Television Station</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Zhōngguó Zhōngyāng Diànshìtái</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Jonggwo Jongiang Diannshyhtair</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Chunghuo Chungyang Tienshiht'ai</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">zung1 gwok3 zung1 joeng1 din6 si6 toi4</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese abbreviation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">中央电视台</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">中央電視台</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">Central Television Station</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Zhōngyāng Diànshìtái</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Jongiang Diannshyhtair</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Chungyang Tienshiht'ai</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">zung1 joeng1 din6 si6 toi4</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Second alternative Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">央视</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">央視</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">Central-Vision</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Yāngshì</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Iangshyh</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Yang-shih</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">joeng1 si6</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%8F%B0%E5%BD%A9%E8%89%B2%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #AAAAAA;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="border-bottom: 0.2em solid #CE294E00;"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">Politics of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/100px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/150px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/200px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="976" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of leaders of the People's Republic of China">Leadership</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Chinese_leadership" title="Generations of Chinese leadership">Leadership generations</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Succession_of_power_in_China" title="Succession of power in China">Succession of power</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hu%E2%80%93Wen_Administration" title="Hu–Wen Administration">Hu–Wen Administration</a> (2002–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping%E2%80%93Li_Keqiang_Administration" title="Xi Jinping–Li Keqiang Administration">Xi–Li Administration</a> (2012–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi Jinping Administration">Xi Administration</a> (since 2017) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_core" title="Leadership core">4th Leadership Core</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th Party Politburo</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">14th State Council</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Current_office_holders" title="List of leaders of the People's Republic of China">Current state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Chinese_provincial_leaders" title="List of current Chinese provincial leaders">Current provincial leaders</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Party_and_state_leaders" title="Party and state leaders">Party and state leaders</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_precedence_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of precedence in China">Orders of precedence</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">Paramount leader</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="First Lady of the People's Republic of China">First lady</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peng_Liyuan" title="Peng Liyuan">Peng Liyuan</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party leader</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_representatives_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of state representatives of the People's Republic of China">State representative</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of premiers of the People's Republic of China">Head of government</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Congress Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Conference Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Military_Command_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Military Command of the People's Republic of China">Commander-in-chief</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longest-serving_members_of_the_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Longest-serving members of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Related systems</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unified_power" title="Unified power">Unified power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_centralism" title="Democratic centralism">Democratic centralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_leadership" title="Collective leadership">Collective leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_China" title="Elections in China">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Service of China">Civil service</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">Constitution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Law of the People's Republic of China">Law</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">Constitution</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Constitutional history of the People's Republic of China">Previous constitutions</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1954_Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China">1954</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1975_Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China">1975</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1978_Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="1978 Constitution of the People's Republic of China">1978</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_democratic_dictatorship" title="People's democratic dictatorship">"People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1)</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_centralism" title="Democratic centralism">Democratic centralism (Article 3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_oath_of_office_of_China" title="Constitutional oath of office of China">Constitutional oath of office (Article 27)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">Protection of human rights (Article 33)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">Freedom of religion (Article 36)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highest_organ_of_state_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Highest organ of state power">Highest state organ of power (Article 57)</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_law" title="Chinese law">Chinese legal system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">Civil law tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_law" title="Socialist law">Socialist law tradition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Law of the People's Republic of China">Laws</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislation_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Legislation Law</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statutes_of_China" title="List of statutes of China">List of statutes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Principles_of_the_Civil_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>General Principles of the Civil Law</i></a> (to 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Code_of_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Code of People's Republic of China"><i>Civil Code</i></a> (From 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Marriage_Law" title="New Marriage Law"><i>Marriage Law</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_labour_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese labour law">Labour law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Labour Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Labour Law</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Contract_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Labour Contract Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Labour Contract Law</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_property_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese property law">Property law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Property Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Property Law</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_in_China" title="Intellectual property in China">Intellectual property law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patent_law_of_China" title="Patent law of China">Patent law</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_law_in_China" title="Administrative law in China">Administrative law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Procedure_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Administrative Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Administrative Procedure Law</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_China" title="Crime in China">Criminal law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_China" title="Capital punishment in China">Capital punishment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_offences_in_China" title="Capital offences in China">Capital offences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_sentence_with_reprieve" title="Death sentence with reprieve">Death sentence with reprieve</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="History of the Chinese Communist Party">History</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party">Principal leaders</a></li></ul> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party">Constitution</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party">ideology</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Admission_Oath" title="Chinese Communist Party Admission Oath">Admission Oath (Article 6)</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Mao Zedong Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping_Theory" title="Deng Xiaoping Theory">Deng Xiaoping Theory</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Primary_stage_of_socialism" title="Primary stage of socialism">Primary stage of socialism</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Four_Cardinal_Principles" title="Four Cardinal Principles">Four Cardinal Principles</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Represents" title="Three Represents">Three Represents</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Outlook_on_Development" title="Scientific Outlook on Development">Scientific Outlook on Development</a></div> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Harmonious_Society" title="Harmonious Society">Harmonious Socialist Society</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Dream" title="Chinese Dream">Chinese Dream</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Four_Comprehensives" title="Four Comprehensives">Four Comprehensives</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Two_Establishes_and_Two_Safeguards" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Establishes and Two Safeguards">Two Establishes and Two Safeguards</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_China" title="Democracy in China">Democracy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">National Party Congress</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>) <dl><dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party">list</a>)</span> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Politburo</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>) <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Standing Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>)</div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Secretariat</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">Vice Chairmen</a>:</div> <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Youxia" title="Zhang Youxia">Zhang Youxia</a>, <a href="/wiki/He_Weidong" title="He Weidong">He Weidong</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Security Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">National Security Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chairman: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Vice-Chairman:</div> <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Office Chief: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Comprehensively_Deepening_Reforms_Commission" title="Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission">Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Directors:</div> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></span></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Secretary-General: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission">Financial & Economic Affairs Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Director: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Office Chief: <a href="/wiki/He_Lifeng" title="He Lifeng">He Lifeng</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Office of the Chinese Communist Party">General Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Office of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">Office of the General Secretary</a> <dl><dd>Chief: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guard_Bureau" title="Central Guard Bureau">Central Guard Bureau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guard_Regiment" title="Central Guard Regiment">Central Guard Unit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Administration_for_the_Protection_of_State_Secrets" class="mw-redirect" title="National Administration for the Protection of State Secrets">Office of the Central Secrecy Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization Department</a> <dl><dd>Head: <a href="/wiki/Li_Ganjie" title="Li Ganjie">Li Ganjie</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Central Commission for Discipline Inspection</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">20th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Standing Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_20th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">20th</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Secretary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Xi_(politician)" title="Li Xi (politician)">Li Xi</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission">Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission</a> <dl><dd>Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Shengmin" title="Zhang Shengmin">Zhang Shengmin</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Inspection_Work" title="Central Leading Group for Inspection Work">Central Leading Group for Inspection Work</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Li_Xi_(politician)" title="Li Xi (politician)">Li Xi</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Provincial committee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Provincial_Standing_Committee" title="Chinese Communist Party Provincial Standing Committee">Standing committee</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">Secretary</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Deputy_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Deputy Committee Secretary">Deputy secretaries</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_group" title="Party group">Party group</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> (<a href="/wiki/14th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="14th National People's Congress">14th</a>)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_China" title="Elections in China">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">14th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chairpersons" title="Council of Chairpersons">Council of Chairpersons</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Vice-Chairpersons</a> <dl><dd>Top-ranked: <a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhong" title="Li Hongzhong">Li Hongzhong</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General of the National People's Congress">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Qi_(politician,_born_1957)" title="Liu Qi (politician, born 1957)">Liu Qi</a></span></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Special Committee of the National People's Congress">Special Committees</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Affairs_Committee" title="Ethnic Affairs Committee">Ethnic Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_and_Law_Committee" title="Constitution and Law Committee">Constitution and Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervisory_and_Judicial_Affairs_Committee" title="Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Committee">Supervisory and Judicial Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Committee" title="Financial and Economic Affairs Committee">Financial and Economic Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education,_Science,_Culture_and_Public_Health_Committee" title="Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee">Education, Science, Culture and Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress">Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Committee" title="Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee">Overseas Chinese Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_and_Resources_Conservation_Committee" title="Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee">Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs_Committee" title="Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee">Agriculture and Rural Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Development_Affairs_Committee" title="Social Development Affairs Committee">Social Development Affairs</a></li></ol></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Presidium of the National People's Congress">Presidium</a></li></ul> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>State representative</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the People's Republic of China">list</a>): <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the President of the People's Republic of China">Presidential Office</a> <dl><dd>Chief: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_China" title="Vice President of China">Vice President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a></div></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Executive organ</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council (Central People's Government)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">Li Qiang Cabinet</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Premier</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of premiers of the People's Republic of China">list</a>): <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice-Premiers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of vice premiers of the People's Republic of China">list</a>) <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ding_Xuexiang" title="Ding Xuexiang">Ding Xuexiang</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/He_Lifeng" title="He Lifeng">He Lifeng</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Guoqing" title="Zhang Guoqing">Zhang Guoqing</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Guozhong" title="Liu Guozhong">Liu Guozhong</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/State_councillor" title="State councillor">State Councilors</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiaohong" title="Wang Xiaohong">Wang Xiaohong</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhenglong" title="Wu Zhenglong">Wu Zhenglong</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shen_Yiqin" title="Shen Yiqin">Shen Yiqin</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhenglong" title="Wu Zhenglong">Wu Zhenglong</a></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constituent_departments_of_the_State_Council" title="Constituent departments of the State Council">Cabinet-level departments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission">National Development & Reform Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Audit_Office_(China)" title="National Audit Office (China)">National Audit Office</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_State_Council" title="General Office of the State Council">General Office</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary-General</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Deputy Secretary-General of the State Council">Deputy Secretaries-General</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_Assets_Supervision_and_Administration_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission">State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government-owned_companies_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of government-owned companies of China">most Central Enterprises</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Military organ</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission (CMC)</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Supreme_Military_Command_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Military Command of the People's Republic of China">supreme commander</a>): <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">Vice Chairmen</a>: <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Youxia" title="Zhang Youxia">Zhang Youxia</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/He_Weidong" title="He Weidong">He Weidong</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Members: <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhenli_(general)" title="Liu Zhenli (general)">Liu Zhenli</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miao_Hua" title="Miao Hua">Miao Hua</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Shengmin" title="Zhang Shengmin">Zhang Shengmin</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Departments: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="General Office of the Central Military Commission">General Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Zhong_Shaojun" title="Zhong Shaojun">Zhong Shaojun</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Staff_Department_(China)" title="Joint Staff Department (China)">Joint Staff Dept.</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_staff" title="Chief of staff">Chief</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhenli_(general)" title="Liu Zhenli (general)">Liu Zhenli</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Work_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission">Political Work Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Miao_Hua" title="Miao Hua">Miao Hua</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistic_Support_Department" title="Logistic Support Department">Logistic Support Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Lin_(general)" title="Zhang Lin (general)">Zhang Lin</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equipment_Development_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission">Equipment Development Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Xu_Xueqiang" title="Xu Xueqiang">Xu Xueqiang</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_and_Administration_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Training and Administration Department of the Central Military Commission">Training and Administration Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Peng_(lieutenant_general)" title="Wang Peng (lieutenant general)">Wang Peng</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Mobilization_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission">National Defense Mobilization Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Faqing" title="Liu Faqing">Liu Faqing</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission">Discipline Inspection Commission</a> <dl><dd>Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Shengmin" title="Zhang Shengmin">Zhang Shengmin</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Legal_Affairs_Commission_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the Central Military Commission">Politics and Legal Affairs Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_Technology_Commission_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Science and Technology Commission of the Central Military Commission">Science and Technology Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Strategic_Planning_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office for Strategic Planning of the Central Military Commission">Strategic Planning Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Reform_and_Organizational_Structure" title="Office for Reform and Organizational Structure">Reform & Organizational Structure Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_International_Military_Cooperation_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office for International Military Cooperation of the Central Military Commission">Int'l Military Cooperation Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audit_Office_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Audit Office of the Central Military Commission">Audit Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Offices_Administration_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Agency for Offices Administration of the Central Military Commission">Offices Administration Agency</a></li></ol></dd> <dd>National armed forces: <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Emblem_PLA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the People's Liberation Army"><img alt="Emblem of the People's Liberation Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/China_Emblem_PLA.svg/23px-China_Emblem_PLA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/China_Emblem_PLA.svg/35px-China_Emblem_PLA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/China_Emblem_PLA.svg/46px-China_Emblem_PLA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Theater_command" title="Theater command">Theater commands</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_(CAPF)_cap_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cap insignia of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force"><img alt="Cap insignia of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg/21px-Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg/32px-Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg/42px-Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="775" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_(2024).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the Coast Guard"><img alt="Emblem of the Coast Guard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png/21px-Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png/32px-Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png/42px-Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="502" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/China_Coast_Guard" title="China Coast Guard">China Coast Guard</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">Militia</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Mobilization_Commission" title="National Defense Mobilization Commission">National Defense Mobilization Commission</a></div> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Minister of National Defense (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dong_Jun" title="Dong Jun">Dong Jun</a></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Veterans_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Veterans Affairs (China)">Ministry of Veterans Affairs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_for_Science,_Technology_and_Industry_for_National_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence">State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="History of the People's Liberation Army">Military history</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of wars involving the People's Republic of China">Armed conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernization_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Modernization of the People's Liberation Army">Military modernization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_People%27s_Republic_of_China_military_reform" title="2015 People's Republic of China military reform">Military reform since 2015</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Military_Reform" title="Central Leading Group for Military Reform">CMC Leading Group for Military Reform</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Supervisory organ</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Supervisory_Commission" title="National Supervisory Commission">National Supervisory Commission</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Jinguo" title="Liu Jinguo">Liu Jinguo</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_China" title="Corruption in China">Corruption in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption_campaign_under_Xi_Jinping" title="Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping">Anti-corruption campaign since 2012</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Commission_Against_Corruption_(Hong_Kong)" title="Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)">Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_Against_Corruption_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission Against Corruption (Macau)">Commission Against Corruption (Macau)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Judicial organs</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="Supreme People's Court">Supreme People's Court</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="President of the Supreme People's Court">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jun_(politician)" title="Zhang Jun (politician)">Zhang Jun</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">People's Courts Judicial Police</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Supreme People's Procuratorate">Supreme People's Procuratorate</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Procurator-General_of_the_Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate">Procurator-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ying_Yong" title="Ying Yong">Ying Yong</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">People's Procuratorates Judicial Police</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Judiciary of Hong Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Court_of_Final_Appeal" title="Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal">Court of Final Appeal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_(Hong_Kong)" title="Department of Justice (Hong Kong)">Department of Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosecutions_Division_(Hong_Kong)" title="Prosecutions Division (Hong Kong)">Prosecutions Division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Hong_Kong" title="Law enforcement in Hong Kong">Law enforcement in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciplined_Services" title="Disciplined Services">Disciplined Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Bureau_(Hong_Kong)" title="Security Bureau (Hong Kong)">Security Bureau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Hong Kong Police Force</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Macau" title="Judiciary of Macau">Judiciary of Macau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Final_Appeal_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Final Appeal (Macau)">Court of Final Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_Prosecutions_Office_(Macau)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public Prosecutions Office (Macau) (page does not exist)">Public Prosecutions Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_Security_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat for Security (Macau)">Secretariat for Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Security_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Macau Security Force">Macau Security Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitary_Police_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitary Police Services (page does not exist)">Unitary Police Services</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E7%B8%BD%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:警察總局">zh</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Security_Police_Force" title="Public Security Police Force">Public Security Police</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macau_Judiciary_Police&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macau Judiciary Police (page does not exist)">Judiciary Police</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:司法警察局">zh</a>]</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">United front</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Political Consultative Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Committee_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">National Committee</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Vice-Chairpersons</a> <dl><dd>Top-ranked: <a href="/wiki/Shi_Taifeng" title="Shi Taifeng">Shi Taifeng</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Secretary-General of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Dongfeng" title="Wang Dongfeng">Wang Dongfeng</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_China" title="List of political parties in China">Political parties</a>: <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">CCP (ruling)</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">United Front Work Department</a> <dl><dd>Head: <a href="/wiki/Shi_Taifeng" title="Shi Taifeng">Shi Taifeng</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Kuomintang" title="Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang">RCCK</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Democratic_League" title="China Democratic League">CDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Democratic_Construction_Association" title="China National Democratic Construction Association">CNDCA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Association_for_Promoting_Democracy" title="China Association for Promoting Democracy">CAPD</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Peasants%27_and_Workers%27_Democratic_Party" title="Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party">CPWDP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Zhi_Gong_Party" title="China Zhi Gong Party">CZGP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jiusan_Society" title="Jiusan Society">JS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Democratic_Self-Government_League" title="Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League">TDSL</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li></ul> <dl><dd>Historical parties: <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">KMT</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Democratic_Socialist_Party" title="China Democratic Socialist Party">CDSP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Young_China_Party" title="Young China Party">YCP</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-China_Federation_of_Industry_and_Commerce" title="All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce">Federation of Industry and Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_organization" title="People's organization">People's organizations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_China" title="Law enforcement in China">Law enforcement</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Political_and_Legal_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission">CCP Central Politics and Law Commission</a></div> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Wenqing" title="Chen Wenqing">Chen Wenqing</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of Public Security (China)">Ministry of Public Security</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Minister of Public Security (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiaohong" title="Wang Xiaohong">Wang Xiaohong</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">Public Security Organs People's Police</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Immigration_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="State Immigration Administration">State Immigration Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_security_bureau_(China)" title="Public security bureau (China)">Local public security bureaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">Ministry of State Security</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Minister of State Security (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Yixin" title="Chen Yixin">Chen Yixin</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">State Security Organs People's Police</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(China)" title="Ministry of Justice (China)">Ministry of Justice</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(China)" title="Minister of Justice (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/He_Rong" title="He Rong">He Rong</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Justice_Bureau_of_Prison_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Justice Bureau of Prison Administration (page does not exist)">Bureau of Prison Administration</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8%E7%9B%91%E7%8B%B1%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:司法部监狱管理局">zh</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security">Office for Safeguarding National Security</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_management_and_law_enforcement" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban management and law enforcement">Urban Management <i>(chengguan)</i></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_China" title="Propaganda in China">Propaganda</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Propaganda,_Ideology_and_Culture" title="Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture">Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Leader: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Leaders: <a href="/wiki/Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shen_Yiqin" title="Shen Yiqin">Shen Yiqin</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guidance_Commission_on_Building_Spiritual_Civilization" title="Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization">Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Director: <a href="/wiki/Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Head: <a href="/wiki/Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Administration_of_Press_and_Publication" title="General Administration of Press and Publication">General Administration of Press and Publication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Film_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="China Film Administration">China Film Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_Information_Office" title="State Council Information Office">State Council Information Office</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/China_Daily" title="China Daily">China Daily</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(China)" title="Ministry of Culture and Tourism (China)">Ministry of Culture and Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radio_and_Television_Administration" title="National Radio and Television Administration">National Radio and Television Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">China Media Group</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China Central Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">China Global Television Network</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">China National Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">China Radio International</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Reference_News" title="Reference News">Reference News</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_News_Service" title="China News Service">China News Service</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Global_Times" title="Global Times">Global Times</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/China_Today" title="China Today">China Today</a></i></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">Censorship in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_jamming_in_China" title="Radio jamming in China">Radio jamming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_censorship_of_Chinese_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas censorship of Chinese issues">Overseas censorship of Chinese issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of China">Media of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_media_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal media of China">Internal media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publishing_industry_in_China" title="Publishing industry in China">Publishing industry in China</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_China" title="Internet in China">Internet in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Internet censorship in China">Internet censorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Firewall" title="Great Firewall">Great Firewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Cannon" title="Great Cannon">Great Cannon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Cyberspace_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission">Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberspace_Administration_of_China" title="Cyberspace Administration of China">Cyberspace Administration of China</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_Rongwen" title="Zhuang Rongwen">Zhuang Rongwen</a></div></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_on_Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs">Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Ding_Xuexiang" title="Ding Xuexiang">Ding Xuexiang</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office">HK & Macau Affairs Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Xia_Baolong" title="Xia Baolong">Xia Baolong</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Liaison_Office" title="Hong Kong Liaison Office">Hong Kong Liaison Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Liaison_Office" title="Macau Liaison Office">Macau Liaison Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law" title="Hong Kong Basic Law">Hong Kong Basic Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Ka-chiu" title="John Lee Ka-chiu">John Lee Ka-chiu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Hong Kong SAR Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Politics of Hong Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-Beijing camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-democracy camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_independence" title="Hong Kong independence">Independence movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Hong_Kong_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland & HK CEPA</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macao_Basic_Law" title="Macao Basic Law">Macao Basic Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Macau" title="Chief Executive of Macau">Chief Executive</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ho_Iat-seng" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Iat-seng">Ho Iat-seng</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Macau" title="Government of Macau">Macau SAR Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Macau" title="Politics of Macau">Politics of Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Macau_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland & Macau CEPA</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_China" title="One China">One China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_on_Taiwan" title="Republic of China on Taiwan">Republic of China on Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Taiwan Area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">"Taiwan Province", PRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Secession_Law" title="Anti-Secession Law">Anti-Secession Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Framework_Agreement" title="Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement">Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_Service_Trade_Agreement" title="Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement">Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Taiwan_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs">Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd> <dd>Deputy Leader: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Taiwan Affairs Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Song_Tao_(diplomat)" title="Song Tao (diplomat)">Song Tao</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Relations_Across_the_Taiwan_Straits" title="Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits">Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Foreign relations of China">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Foreign_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Foreign Affairs Commission">Central Foreign Affairs Commission</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd> <dd>Deputy Director: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></dd> <dd>Secretary-General: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yi_(politician)" title="Wang Yi (politician)">Wang Yi</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (China)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yi_(politician)" title="Wang Yi (politician)">Wang Yi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_spokespersons_of_the_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_China" title="List of spokespersons of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China">Spokespersons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_China" title="List of diplomatic missions of China">Diplomatic missions</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_China" title="List of diplomatic missions of China">Diplomatic missions of China</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_China" title="List of diplomatic missions in China">in China</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_foreign_aid" title="Chinese foreign aid">Foreign aid from China</a> / <a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_China" title="Foreign aid to China">to China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_International_Development_Cooperation_Agency" title="China International Development Cooperation Agency">International Development Cooperation Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_(China)" title="Ministry of Commerce (China)">Ministry of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exim_Bank_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Exim Bank of China">Exim Bank of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Development_Bank" title="China Development Bank">China Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_Fund" title="Silk Road Fund">Silk Road Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Infrastructure_Investment_Bank" title="Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank">Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Development_Bank" title="New Development Bank">New Development Bank</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_International_Military_Cooperation_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office for International Military Cooperation of the Central Military Commission">International Military Cooperation Office</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress">NPC Foreign Affairs Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="International Department of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP International Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_of_Foreign_Experts_Affairs" title="State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs">State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Office" title="Overseas Chinese Affairs Office">Overseas Chinese Affairs Office</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationality_law" title="Chinese nationality law">Chinese nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_passport" title="Chinese passport">Chinese passports</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region_passport" title="Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport">Hong Kong</a>; <a href="/wiki/Macao_Special_Administrative_Region_passport" title="Macao Special Administrative Region passport">Macau</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Chinese_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Chinese citizens">Visa requirements for Chinese citizens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Chinese_citizens_of_Hong_Kong" title="Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Chinese_citizens_of_Macau" title="Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Macau">Macau</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Visa policy of China">Visa policy of China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Visa policy of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>; <a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Macau" title="Visa policy of Macau">Macau</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Immigration_Administration" title="National Immigration Administration">National Immigration Administration</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Principles_of_Peaceful_Coexistence" title="Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence">Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panda_diplomacy" title="Panda diplomacy">Panda diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Consensus" title="Beijing Consensus">Beijing Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Common_Destiny" title="Community of Common Destiny">Community of Common Destiny</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">China and the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_World_Trade_Organization" title="China and the World Trade Organization">China and the World Trade Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa%E2%80%93China_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Africa–China relations">China–Africa relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Arab_relations" title="Sino-Arab relations">China–Arab relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean%E2%80%93People%27s_Republic_of_China_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribbean–People's Republic of China relations">China–Caribbean relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="China–European Union relations">China–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="China–Latin America relations">China–Latin America relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Pacific_relations" title="Sino-Pacific relations">China–Pacific relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="China–Russia relations">China–Russia relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="China–United States relations">China–United States relations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukou_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukou system">Hukou system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Family planning policy">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_China" title="Ethnic minorities in China">Ethnic minorities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-color: #AAAAAA;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_China" title="Template:Politics of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_China" title="Template talk:Politics of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>China Central Television</b> (<b>CCTV</b>) is the <a href="/wiki/State_media" title="State media">national television broadcaster</a> of China, established in 1958. CCTV is operated by the <a href="/wiki/National_Radio_and_Television_Administration" title="National Radio and Television Administration">National Radio and Television Administration</a> which reports directly to the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP)'s <a href="/wiki/Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Publicity Department</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CCTV has a variety of functions, such as news communication, social education, culture, and entertainment information services. It is a key player in the Chinese government's propaganda network.<sup id="cite_ref-Freedom_House_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freedom_House-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SD_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a> and other media commentators, CCTV's reporting about topics sensitive to the Chinese government and CCP is distorted and often used as a weapon against the party's perceived enemies.<sup id="cite_ref-Freedom_House_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freedom_House-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1954, CCP <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party">chairman</a> <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> put forward that China should establish its own TV station. On 5 February 1955, the central broadcasting bureau reported to the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> and proposed the program of establishing a medium-sized television station, later on premier <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a> included in China's first <a href="/wiki/Five-year_plans_of_China" title="Five-year plans of China">five-year plan</a> the planned introduction of television broadcasts. In December 1957, the central broadcasting bureau sent Luo Donghe and Meng Qiyu to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">German Democratic Republic</a> for the inspection of their TV stations (see <a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Television in the Soviet Union">Television in the Soviet Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Fernsehfunk" title="Deutscher Fernsehfunk">Deutscher Fernsehfunk</a>), then the duo returned to Beijing to prepare for the establishment of the TV station.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In time for its 20th jubilee, Beijing Television was formally renamed China Central Television on 1 May 1978, and a new logo was unveiled.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the late 1970s, CCTV held only evening broadcasts, usually closing down at midnight. During the summer and winter academic vacations, it occasionally transmitted daytime programming for students, while special daytime programs were aired during national holidays. </p><p>In 1980, CCTV experimented with news relays from local and central television studios via <a href="/wiki/Microwave" title="Microwave">microwave</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also had its first international collaboration that year, production of the documentary series <i>Silk Road</i> with Japan's public broadcasting company, <a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:Qian_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Qian-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 234">: 234 </span></sup> In 1984, CCTV established the wholly-owned subsidiary <a href="/w/index.php?title=China_International_Television_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China International Television Corporation (page does not exist)">China International Television Corporation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10873428#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q10873428"><span title=""China International Television Corporation" in other languages">Wikidata</span></a>]</span> (CITVC).<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1985, CCTV had already become a leading television network in China. In 1987, CCTV's grew due to the adaptation and presentation of <i><a href="/wiki/Dream_of_the_Red_Chamber_(1987_TV_series)" title="Dream of the Red Chamber (1987 TV series)">Dream of the Red Chamber</a>,</i> the first Chinese television drama to enter the global market.<sup id="cite_ref-kops_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kops-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, CCTV exported 10,216 shows to 77 foreign television stations.<sup id="cite_ref-kops_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kops-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially, the CCP's Central Publicity Department issued directive <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in the People's Republic of China">censorship</a> of programs. During reform in the 1990s, it adopted new standards for CCTV, "affordability" and "acceptability", loosening the previous government control.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Affordability refers to purchasing ability of programs, while acceptability requires that a program has acceptable content, preventing the broadcast of material that contains inappropriate content or expresses views against the CCP.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (September 2022)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In March 2018, as the nation began marking the 60th year of television, CCTV ownership changed hands to a new state holding group, the <a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">China Media Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overseas_broadcasting">Overseas broadcasting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Overseas broadcasting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">China Global Television Network</a></div> <p>In 1990, CCTV subsidiary, CITVC,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> established China Television Corporation in California to distribute CCTV content in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, CCTV's all-English channel, known as CCTV-9 or CCTV International, was launched.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, the Great Foreign Propaganda Plan was launched by Xu Guangchun, the head of SARFT, also the deputy head of the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party after the urgency of bringing the voice of China to the world was presented by <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a>, former <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The idea of an English channel was brought out in 1996. CCTV-4 had three half-hour English news broadcasting every day, but later, on 25 September 2000, CCTV-9 a satellite channel was set up to be the first 24-hour English channel, aimed to establish the overseas market. In October 2001, CCTV partnered with AOL Time Warner and other foreign news corporations, giving them access to the Chinese media market in exchange for cable delivery in the US and Europe, mainly delivering CCTV-9 programs.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhu2010_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhu2010-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The CCTV-4 channel split into three separate channels on 1 April 2007—each serving different time zones: <a href="/wiki/China_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="China Standard Time">China Standard Time</a> (CST), <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">Greenwich Mean Time</a> (GMT), and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern Standard Time</a> (EST)—in order to improve service for audiences around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-ad_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ad-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 July 2009, CCTV launched its Arabic-language international channel, stating that it aims to maintain stronger links with Arab nations.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015 and 2018, CCTV signed cooperation agreements with Russian state media outlet <a href="/wiki/RT_(TV_network)" title="RT (TV network)">RT</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2016, CCTV's foreign language services were spun off into <a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">China Global Television Network (CGTN)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CCTV and <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>'s National Television and Radio Corporation (UzTRK) cooperate to produce joint programs and documentaries.<sup id="cite_ref-:Sun_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Sun-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 159">: 159 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lassina_Zerbo_interviewed_by_China_Central_Television.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Lassina_Zerbo_interviewed_by_China_Central_Television.jpg/220px-Lassina_Zerbo_interviewed_by_China_Central_Television.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Lassina_Zerbo_interviewed_by_China_Central_Television.jpg/330px-Lassina_Zerbo_interviewed_by_China_Central_Television.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Lassina_Zerbo_interviewed_by_China_Central_Television.jpg/440px-Lassina_Zerbo_interviewed_by_China_Central_Television.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lassina_Zerbo" title="Lassina Zerbo">Lassina Zerbo</a> interviewed by China Central Television</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China_Network_Television">China Network Television</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: China Network Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/China_Network_Television" title="China Network Television">China Network Television</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/China_Network_Television" title="China Network Television">China Network Television</a> (CNTV) was an internet-based broadcaster of China Central Television which launched on 28 December 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>China Central Television, as a component of the <a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">China Media Group</a> (CMG), falls under the supervision of the <a href="/wiki/National_Radio_and_Television_Administration" title="National Radio and Television Administration">National Radio and Television Administration</a> which is in turn subordinate to the CCP's Central Publicity Department.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization is considered one of the "big three" state media outlets in China, along with the <i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Management">Management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current president of CCTV is <a href="/wiki/Shen_Haixiong" title="Shen Haixiong">Shen Haixiong</a>, who was appointed in February 2018, and also appointed as a deputy head of the <a href="/wiki/Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programs">Programs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CCTV produces its own news broadcasts three times a day and is the country's most powerful and prolific television program producer. Its thirty-minute evening news, <i><a href="/wiki/Xinwen_Lianbo" title="Xinwen Lianbo">Xinwen Lianbo</a></i> ("<a href="/wiki/Xinwen_Lianbo" title="Xinwen Lianbo">CCTV Network News</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Xinwen_Lianbo" title="Xinwen Lianbo">CCTV Tonight</a>", <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">新闻联播</span>), goes on air daily at 7:00 pm Beijing time. All local stations are required to carry CCTV's news broadcast. An internal CCTV survey indicates that nearly 500 million people countrywide regularly watch this program.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (August 2022)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i>Focus Report</i> (<i>jiaodian fangtan</i>), first introduced in 1994, was a popular CCTV show which regularly exposes the wrongdoings of local officials, which attracts serious attention from higher levels of government. It also exposed the Chinese government's response to charges of corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-shirk_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shirk-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, Premier <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Rongji" title="Zhu Rongji">Zhu Rongji</a> praised the program as an important tool of media supervision (<i>yulun jiandu</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:Yi_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Yi-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 59">: 59 </span></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/CCTV_New_Year%27s_Gala" class="mw-redirect" title="CCTV New Year's Gala">CCTV New Year's Gala</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">中国中央电视台春节联欢晚会</span>)—a yearly special program for the Chinese New Year—is the most-watched CCTV show.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, CCTV launched its first <a href="/wiki/24-hour_news_cycle" title="24-hour news cycle">24-hour news</a> channel, initially available to cable viewers.<sup id="cite_ref-lat_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lat-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Channels">Channels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Channels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/CCTV_channels" class="mw-redirect" title="CCTV channels">CCTV channels</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audience_share">Audience share</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Audience share"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. <br /><small>Last update: 2008</small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, China's television audience rose to 1.2 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As content becomes more diversified, there have been concerns about the audience share, as CCTV is losing out to cable, satellite and regional networks.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> for example, CCTV programming only accounts for 45% of the weekly audience share,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while in Shanghai, local stations also have share over CCTV.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the <i>CCTV New Year's Gala</i> remains extremely popular; it acquires more than 90% audience share over the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-lat_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lat-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personalities">Personalities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Producing a variety of different programming, China Central Television has a number of different program hosts, <a href="/wiki/News_anchor" class="mw-redirect" title="News anchor">news anchors</a>, correspondents, and contributors who appear throughout daily programing on the network.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai_Hua" title="Ai Hua">Ai Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_Yansong" title="Bai Yansong">Bai Yansong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bao_Xiaofeng" title="Bao Xiaofeng">Bao Xiaofeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniela_Anah%C3%AD_Bessia" title="Daniela Anahí Bessia">Daniela Anahí Bessia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi_Fujian" title="Bi Fujian">Bi Fujian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chai_Jing" title="Chai Jing">Chai Jing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chai_Lu" title="Chai Lu">Chai Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yin_Chen_(TV_presenter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yin Chen (TV presenter)">Chen Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashan" title="Dashan">Dashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Hao" title="Dong Hao">Dong Hao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Qing" title="Dong Qing">Dong Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Edwards_(TV_presenter)" title="Marc Edwards (TV presenter)">Marc Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Bo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gao Bo">Gao Bo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_Qiang" title="Gang Qiang">Gang Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Zhijian" title="Guo Zhijian">Guo Zhijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hai_Xia" title="Hai Xia">Hai Xia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Jing_(TV_presenter)" title="He Jing (TV presenter)">He Jing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing_Yidan" title="Jing Yidan">Jing Yidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ju_Ping" title="Ju Ping">Ju Ping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimbayi_Kajese" title="Vimbayi Kajese">Vimbayi Kajese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Hui_(news_anchor)" title="Kang Hui (news anchor)">Kang Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Lean" title="Michele Lean">Michele Lean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Ruiying" title="Li Ruiying">Li Ruiying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Sisi" title="Li Sisi">Li Sisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiaomeng" title="Li Xiaomeng">Li Xiaomeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Yong_(television_host)" title="Li Yong (television host)">Li Yong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zimeng" title="Li Zimeng">Li Zimeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Chunyan" title="Liu Chunyan">Liu Chunyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Jian" title="Lu Jian">Lu Jian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Maher" title="Edwin Maher">Edwin Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouyang_Xiadan" title="Ouyang Xiadan">Ouyang Xiadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negmat_Rahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Negmat Rahman">Negmat Rahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren_Luyu" title="Ren Luyu">Ren Luyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui_Chenggang" title="Rui Chenggang">Rui Chenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_Beining" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa Beining">Sa Beining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Ning_(announcer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wang Ning (announcer)">Wang Ning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiaoya" title="Wang Xiaoya">Wang Xiaoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhi%27an" title="Wang Zhi'an">Wang Zhi'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Hongmin" title="Zhang Hongmin">Zhang Hongmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Mengmeng" title="Zhang Mengmeng">Zhang Mengmeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Tengyue" title="Zhang Tengyue">Zhang Tengyue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Tao" title="Zhou Tao">Zhou Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Jun_(host)" title="Zhu Jun (host)">Zhu Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Xun" title="Zhu Xun">Zhu Xun</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The network's principal directors and other officers are appointed by the State, and so are the top officials at local conventional television stations in mainland China; nearly all of them are restricted to broadcasting within their own province or municipality. <a href="/wiki/Editorial_independence" title="Editorial independence">Editorial independence</a> is subject to government policy considerations, and as a result, its history and news channels have been charged with being "<a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a> aimed at brainwashing the audience" in a letter written by a number of Chinese intellectuals who also called for a boycott of state media was posted on a US-based website and has circulated through Chinese websites.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The network often publishes misleading and false information, particularly as it pertains to issues considered sensitive by the Chinese government. However, only a small percentage of the Network's programming can be described as "abusive or demonizing propaganda."<sup id="cite_ref-Diplomat_2019_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diplomat_2019-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Journalists working for the network's English-language international channel, CGTN, as well as of the other non-Chinese language TV channels under the CGTN banner, are under constant pressure to present a positive account of China, according to <a href="/wiki/Anne-Marie_Brady" title="Anne-Marie Brady">Anne-Marie Brady</a>'s study published in 2008. "In August 2005, a series of items reported factually on the <a href="/wiki/2005_Sunjiawan_mine_disaster" title="2005 Sunjiawan mine disaster">coal mining disaster</a> in China; soon after the channel's leaders received a warning from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs that its reports were harming China's international image. Following this incident, senior editorial staff and journalists were all forced to write self-criticisms."<sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brady says that while the channel's equipment is state-of-the-art, the employees are not well trained in how to use it, so there are frequent errors during a broadcast. "The political controls on the station contribute to a generally low level of morale and initiative among station staff," she writes.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study done by the observer of Chinese film and television, Ying Zhu, suggests that "CCTV is full of serious-minded creators who regularly experience bouts of self-doubt, philosophical ambivalence, and in some cases, <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">clinical depression</a>." During her extensive interviews with key CCTV players, Zhu notes that "Certain common themes, about ideals, distorted or altogether thwarted by commercial and political pressure, emerged."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zhu2010_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhu2010-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a>, CCTV "has a consistent record of blatantly and egregiously violating journalistic standards and encouraging or justifying hatred and violence against innocent people. CCTV is an essential component of the CCP's brutal authoritarian regime and should be treated as such."<sup id="cite_ref-Freedom_House_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freedom_House-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> designated CCTV as a <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_mission" title="Diplomatic mission">foreign mission</a>, which requires it to disclose more about its operations in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incidents">Incidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Incidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since its inception CCTV has served as a tool of state power and as such has been complicit in human rights abuses. They have a history of demonizing and inciting hatred against those perceived as foes by the CCP, in this way they can be used to mobilize against threats as diverse as Falun Gong and international human rights groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Freedom_House_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freedom_House-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1990s_Falun_Gong_crackdown">1990s Falun Gong crackdown</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1990s Falun Gong crackdown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1999, during the first crackdown on <a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a>, CCTV's <i>Focus Talk</i> ran 28 episodes over a 32-day period which defamed practitioners and incited hatred against them. In 2001, they deceptively claimed that a group of people who had <a href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident">set themselves on fire in Tiananmen Square</a> were Falun Gong adherents, a claim which was characterized as "clearly abusive" by the Canadian regulatory commission.<sup id="cite_ref-Freedom_House_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freedom_House-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Xinwen_Lianbo_and_fake_imagery">Xinwen Lianbo and fake imagery</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Xinwen Lianbo and fake imagery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 23 January 2011, Xinwen Lianbo showcased the <a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-10" title="Chengdu J-10">Chengdu J-10</a> firing a missile at a plane, causing it to explode. The footage lasted half a second and the destroyed plane shown was later identified as that of an <a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">F-5E</a>, a US fighter jet. The clip was later revealed to have been taken from the 1986 US movie <i><a href="/wiki/Top_Gun" title="Top Gun">Top Gun</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Comments_by_CCTV_head_Hu_Zhanfan">Comments by CCTV head Hu Zhanfan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Comments by CCTV head Hu Zhanfan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, the new CCTV head Hu Zhanfan "was found to have proclaimed in July [or January,<sup id="cite_ref-CMP01_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMP01-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both before the CCTV appointment in November] that journalists' foremost responsibility is to 'be a good mouthpiece<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-NYer01_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYer01-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internet posts of the comment blossomed after the appointment, one "juxtapos[ing] CCTV's ... <i>Xinwen Lianbo</i> (新闻联播) and photos of Chinese crowds waving red flags with black-and-white images from <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi-era Germany</a>". Comparisons with the Nazi propaganda chief <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a> also spread. Official media coverage of the Zhanfan's presentation focused on his call to avoid "fake news and false reports (失实报道)" but also incorporated the "mouthpiece" comment.<sup id="cite_ref-CMP01_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMP01-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Broadcasting_forced_confessions">Broadcasting forced confessions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Broadcasting forced confessions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CCTV regularly broadcasts the <a href="/wiki/Forced_confession" title="Forced confession">forced confessions</a> of accused or convicted criminals and produces programming to go along with them.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These programs are often filmed before the beginning of formal judicial procedures.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Domestic dissidents such as lawyers, journalists, and activists as well as foreigners have been the victim of this practice.<sup id="cite_ref-Quartz_2015_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quartz_2015-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Peter_William_Humphrey" title="Peter William Humphrey">Peter Humphrey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Xue" title="Charles Xue">Charles Xue</a>'s forced confessions were aired on CCTV.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since being freed, Humphrey has been highly critical of CCTV and the practice of airing forced confessions.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, the British media regulator <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> sided with Humphrey and announced sanctions against CGTN, which aired Humphrey's confession and was branded as CCTV News at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, CCTV broadcast the forced confession of the then-septuagenarian journalist <a href="/wiki/Gao_Yu_(journalist)" title="Gao Yu (journalist)">Gao Yu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Quartz_2015_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quartz_2015-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, Peter Dahlin and <a href="/wiki/Gui_Minhai" title="Gui Minhai">Gui Minhai</a>'s forced confessions were aired on CCTV.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019 Dahlin filed a complaint against China Global Television Network (CGTN) and China Central Television-4 (CCTV-4) with Canadian authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 November 2019, CCTV's international arm CGTN aired a video of a forced confession from Hong Kong activist <a href="/wiki/Simon_Cheng" title="Simon Cheng">Simon Cheng</a>. Within a week, Cheng had filed a new complaint to <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> over the broadcast.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, the forced confession of Taiwanese citizen Lee Meng-chu was aired on a CCTV program. A day later, the same program aired the forced confession of an academic from Taiwan accused of espionage and separatist activities.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2009_fire">2009 fire</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2009 fire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Beijing_Television_Cultural_Center_fire" title="Beijing Television Cultural Center fire">Beijing Television Cultural Center fire</a></div> <p>On 9 February 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Beijing_Television_Cultural_Center" title="Beijing Television Cultural Center">Beijing Television Cultural Center</a> caught fire on the last day of the festivities of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a>, killing one firefighter.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The blaze rendered the 42-story structure unusable, as the zinc and titanium alloy of the outer skin was burnt.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fire had implications for the credibility of CCTV, which was already unpopular because of its dominance in the media.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incident was mocked by <a href="/wiki/Netizens" class="mw-redirect" title="Netizens">netizens</a> who reproduced <a href="/wiki/Photoshop" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoshop">photoshopped</a> photos of the fire and criticized CCTV for <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in the People's Republic of China">censoring</a> coverage. Pictures of the fire are widely distributed on the internet, as a result of <a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">citizen journalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Libyan_Civil_War">Libyan Civil War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Libyan Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="2011 military intervention in Libya">2011 military intervention in Libya</a>, reports from CCTV tended to support <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>'s arguments, claiming that the coalition forces attacked Libyan civilians and the military intervention was no different from an invasion. In some of the news reports, CCTV used images of demonstrators and said that they were against NATO's military intervention. CCTV also mislabeled a person holding a banner which said "Vive la France" ("long live France" in French) and claimed that he was a supporter of Gaddafi. Later on 27 March, a Chinese banner that said "Muammar Gaddafi is a lier.  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>]" was shown in some Libyan demonstration videos on the Internet.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2019_NBA_free_speech_dispute">2019 NBA free speech dispute</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 2019 NBA free speech dispute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2019, CCTV announced that they were cancelling the broadcast of two <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> preseason games in response to a tweet by the General Manager of the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Rockets" title="Houston Rockets">Houston Rockets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daryl_Morey" title="Daryl Morey">Daryl Morey</a>, in support of <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">pro-democracy protests</a> in Hong Kong. After <a href="/wiki/Adam_Silver" title="Adam Silver">Adam Silver</a> defended the General Manager's right to <a href="/wiki/Free_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Free speech">free speech</a>, CCTV responded with, "We express our strong dissatisfaction and opposition to Silver's stated support of Morey's right to free speech. We believe any remarks that challenge national sovereignty and social stability do not belong to the category of free speech," and continued, "We will also immediately examine all other cooperation and exchanges with the NBA."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Censorship_and_disinformation_about_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine">Censorship and disinformation about the Russian invasion of Ukraine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Censorship and disinformation about the Russian invasion of Ukraine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/China_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Paralympics" title="2022 Winter Paralympics">2022 Winter Paralympics</a>, CCTV censored a speech by <a href="/wiki/International_Paralympic_Committee" title="International Paralympic Committee">International Paralympic Committee</a> president <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Parsons_(sports_administrator)" title="Andrew Parsons (sports administrator)">Andrew Parsons</a> condemning the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CCTV promoted Russian disinformation such as unsubstantiated <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory" title="Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory">claims of biological weapons labs in Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2022, CCTV repeated Russian claims that the <a href="/wiki/Bucha_massacre" title="Bucha massacre">Bucha massacre</a> was staged.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Censorship_during_the_2022_COVID-19_protests">Censorship during the 2022 COVID-19 protests</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Censorship during the 2022 COVID-19 protests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2022_COVID-19_protests_in_China" title="2022 COVID-19 protests in China">2022 COVID-19 protests in China</a></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/2022_COVID-19_protests_in_China" title="2022 COVID-19 protests in China">2022 COVID-19 protests in China</a>, CCTV's coverage of the <a href="/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2022 FIFA World Cup">2022 FIFA World Cup</a> censored scenes of maskless fans in the stadium.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CCTV avoided coverage of the protests directly.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fukushima_Daiichi_Nuclear_Power_Plant">Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2023, CCTV ran paid ads on social media platforms in multiple countries and languages denouncing the <a href="/wiki/Discharge_of_radioactive_water_of_the_Fukushima_Daiichi_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Discharge of radioactive water of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant">discharge of radioactive water of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant</a>, which critics labeled part of a concerted <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a> campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-:322_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:322-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_television_set.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/32px-Blank_television_set.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/48px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 1.5x, 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.reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SD-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SD_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SD_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://safeguarddefenders.com/en/blog/ownership-and-control-chinese-media">"Ownership and control of Chinese media"</a>. 14 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210730030200/https://safeguarddefenders.com/en/blog/ownership-and-control-chinese-media">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ownership+and+control+of+Chinese+media&rft.date=2021-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsafeguarddefenders.com%2Fen%2Fblog%2Fownership-and-control-chinese-media&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanShaoXu2021" class="citation journal cs1">Pan, Jennifer; Shao, Zijie; Xu, Yiqing (2021). "How government-controlled media shifts policy attitudes through framing". <i>Political Science Research and Methods</i>. <b>10</b> (2): 317–332. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fpsrm.2021.35">10.1017/psrm.2021.35</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2049-8470">2049-8470</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:243422723">243422723</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Science+Research+and+Methods&rft.atitle=How+government-controlled+media+shifts+policy+attitudes+through+framing&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=317-332&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A243422723%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2049-8470&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fpsrm.2021.35&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Shao%2C+Zijie&rft.au=Xu%2C+Yiqing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckley2018" class="citation news cs1">Buckley, Chris (21 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/21/world/asia/china-communist-party-xi-jinping.html">"China Gives Communist Party More Control Over Policy and Media"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112211222/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/21/world/asia/china-communist-party-xi-jinping.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>. <q>Under the new plan, the party's Department of Propaganda will take direct control of film, the news media and publications from the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, a government agency.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=China+Gives+Communist+Party+More+Control+Over+Policy+and+Media&rft.date=2018-03-21&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F03%2F21%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fchina-communist-party-xi-jinping.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrady2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anne-Marie_Brady" title="Anne-Marie Brady">Brady, Anne-Marie</a> (16 November 2009). <i>Marketing Dictatorship: Propaganda and Thought Work in Contemporary China</i>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowman & Littlefield Publishers">Rowman & Littlefield Publishers</a>. pp. 17, 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-6790-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-6790-0"><bdi>978-0-7425-6790-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/968245349">968245349</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marketing+Dictatorship%3A+Propaganda+and+Thought+Work+in+Contemporary+China&rft.pages=17%2C+167&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2009-11-16&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F968245349&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-6790-0&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Anne-Marie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Freedom_House-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Freedom_House_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freedom_House_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freedom_House_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freedom_House_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freedom_House_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2019" class="citation web cs1">Cook, Sarah (25 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/article/china-central-television-long-standing-weapon-beijings-arsenal-repression">"China Central Television: A Long-standing Weapon in Beijing's Arsenal of Repression"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201117011349/https://freedomhouse.org/article/china-central-television-long-standing-weapon-beijings-arsenal-repression">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+Central+Television%3A+A+Long-standing+Weapon+in+Beijing%27s+Arsenal+of+Repression&rft.pub=Freedom+House&rft.date=2019-09-25&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Farticle%2Fchina-central-television-long-standing-weapon-beijings-arsenal-repression&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLimBergin2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Louisa_Lim" title="Louisa Lim">Lim, Louisa</a>; Bergin, Julia (7 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/dec/07/china-plan-for-global-media-dominance-propaganda-xi-jinping">"Inside China's audacious global propaganda campaign"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200310193251/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/dec/07/china-plan-for-global-media-dominance-propaganda-xi-jinping">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Inside+China%27s+audacious+global+propaganda+campaign&rft.date=2018-12-07&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=Louisa&rft.au=Bergin%2C+Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2Fdec%2F07%2Fchina-plan-for-global-media-dominance-propaganda-xi-jinping&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cctv.com/english/20030805/101215.shtml">"CCTV-English Channel"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161209014836/http://www.cctv.com/english/20030805/101215.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CCTV-English+Channel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cctv.com%2Fenglish%2F20030805%2F101215.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Miller, T. (2003). <i>Television: Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies</i>. Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25502-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25502-8">978-0-415-25502-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Qian-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:Qian_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQian2024" class="citation book cs1">Qian, Ying (2024). <i>Revolutionary Becomings: Documentary Media in Twentieth-Century China</i>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231204477" title="Special:BookSources/9780231204477"><bdi>9780231204477</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolutionary+Becomings%3A+Documentary+Media+in+Twentieth-Century+China&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9780231204477&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=Ying&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2019" class="citation news cs1">Davis, Rebecca (5 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2019/tv/asia/china-nature-series-bbc-and-citvc-1203393240/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'China Nature' Series Set Up by BBC and CITVC"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210724223828/https://variety.com/2019/tv/asia/china-nature-series-bbc-and-citvc-1203393240/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=%27China+Nature%27+Series+Set+Up+by+BBC+and+CITVC&rft.date=2019-11-05&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2019%2Ftv%2Fasia%2Fchina-nature-series-bbc-and-citvc-1203393240%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kops-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kops_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kops_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kops, M. & Ollig, S. <i>Internationalization of the Chinese TV Sector.</i> LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster, 2007. pp. 33. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-0753-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-0753-5">978-3-8258-0753-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kops & Ollig, pp. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kops & Ollig, pp. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinatvcorp.com/main/index.php/en/about">"About Us"</a>. <i>www.chinatvcorp.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220828034417/http://www.chinatvcorp.com/main/index.php/en/about">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chinatvcorp.com&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinatvcorp.com%2Fmain%2Findex.php%2Fen%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuJiGong2017" class="citation cs2">Hu, Zhengrong; Ji, Deqiang; Gong, Yukun (27 November 2017), Thussu, Daya Kishan; de Burgh, Hugo; Shi, Anbin (eds.), "From the outside in: CCTV going global in a new world communication order", <i>China's Media Go Global</i> (1 ed.), Routledge, pp. 67–78, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315619668-5">10.4324/9781315619668-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-61966-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-61966-8"><bdi>978-1-315-61966-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China%27s+Media+Go+Global&rft.atitle=From+the+outside+in%3A+CCTV+going+global+in+a+new+world+communication+order&rft.pages=67-78&rft.date=2017-11-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315619668-5&rft.isbn=978-1-315-61966-8&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Zhengrong&rft.au=Ji%2C+Deqiang&rft.au=Gong%2C+Yukun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhu2010-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zhu2010_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhu2010_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYing_Zhu2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ying_Zhu" title="Ying Zhu">Ying Zhu</a> (4 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qkgFB0J8YxwC"><i>Two Billion Eyes: The Story of China Central Television</i></a>. New Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59558-802-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59558-802-9"><bdi>978-1-59558-802-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191224063320/https://books.google.com/books?id=qkgFB0J8YxwC">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+Billion+Eyes%3A+The+Story+of+China+Central+Television&rft.pub=New+Press&rft.date=2010-05-04&rft.isbn=978-1-59558-802-9&rft.au=Ying+Zhu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqkgFB0J8YxwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ad-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ad_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adweek.com/aw/google/article_brief/1003541507">CCTV: One Network, 1.2 Billion Viewers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180126204339/http://www.adweek.com/aw/google/article_brief/1003541507">Archived</a> 26 January 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> , <i>Adweek</i>, 5 February 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8166486.stm">"China launches Arabic TV channel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 25 July 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819222441/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8166486.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=China+launches+Arabic+TV+channel&rft.date=2009-07-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F8166486.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2022" class="citation news cs1">Davidson, Helen (31 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/31/close-ties-allow-russia-propaganda-to-spread-through-china">"Close ties allow Russian propaganda to spread swiftly through China, report claims"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408103418/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/31/close-ties-allow-russia-propaganda-to-spread-through-china">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Close+ties+allow+Russian+propaganda+to+spread+swiftly+through+China%2C+report+claims&rft.date=2022-03-31&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Fmar%2F31%2Fclose-ties-allow-russia-propaganda-to-spread-through-china&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cntv.cn/2015/06/25/ARTI1435230577721605.shtml">"CCTV and Russian RT TV signed a memorandum of understanding on cooperation"</a>. <i>China Central Television</i> (in Chinese). 25 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220318230557/http://m.news.cntv.cn/2015/06/25/ARTI1435230577721605.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Central+Television&rft.atitle=CCTV+and+Russian+RT+TV+signed+a+memorandum+of+understanding+on+cooperation&rft.date=2015-06-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.cntv.cn%2F2015%2F06%2F25%2FARTI1435230577721605.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Sun-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:Sun_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSun2024" class="citation book cs1">Sun, Yi (2024). "Necessitated by Geopolitics: China's Economic and Cultural Initiatives in Central Asia". In Fang, Qiang; Li, Xiaobing (eds.). <i>China under Xi Jinping: A New Assessment</i>. <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Leiden University Press">Leiden University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789087284411" title="Special:BookSources/9789087284411"><bdi>9789087284411</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.15136086">jj.15136086</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Necessitated+by+Geopolitics%3A+China%27s+Economic+and+Cultural+Initiatives+in+Central+Asia&rft.btitle=China+under+Xi+Jinping%3A+A+New+Assessment&rft.pub=Leiden+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fjj.15136086%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=9789087284411&rft.aulast=Sun&rft.aufirst=Yi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLin2022" class="citation book cs1">Lin, Lisa (15 June 2022). <i>Convergent Chinese Television Industries: An Ethnography of Chinese Production Cultures</i>. Palgrave Global Media Policy and Business. Springer Nature. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-91756-2">10.1007/978-3-030-91756-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-91756-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-91756-2"><bdi>978-3-030-91756-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1333705685">1333705685</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:249726789">249726789</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Convergent+Chinese+Television+Industries%3A+An+Ethnography+of+Chinese+Production+Cultures&rft.series=Palgrave+Global+Media+Policy+and+Business&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2022-06-15&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1333705685&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A249726789%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-91756-2&rft.isbn=978-3-030-91756-2&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeLi2000" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Chin-Chuan; Li, Jinquan (2000). <i>Power, Money, and Media: Communication Patterns and Bureaucratic Control in Cultural China</i>. <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University_Press" title="Northwestern University Press">Northwestern University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8101-1787-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8101-1787-7"><bdi>978-0-8101-1787-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power%2C+Money%2C+and+Media%3A+Communication+Patterns+and+Bureaucratic+Control+in+Cultural+China&rft.pub=Northwestern+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8101-1787-7&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Chin-Chuan&rft.au=Li%2C+Jinquan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.southcn.com/china/content/2018-02/09/content_180763205.htm">"国务院任免国家工作人员慎海雄任国家新闻出版广电总局副局长兼央视台长"</a>. 中国政府网. 9 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180209122209/http://news.southcn.com/china/content/2018-02/09/content_180763205.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E4%BB%BB%E5%85%8D%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E4%BA%BA%E5%91%98+%E6%85%8E%E6%B5%B7%E9%9B%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E5%B9%BF%E7%94%B5%E6%80%BB%E5%B1%80%E5%89%AF%E5%B1%80%E9%95%BF%E5%85%BC%E5%A4%AE%E8%A7%86%E5%8F%B0%E9%95%BF&rft.date=2018-02-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.southcn.com%2Fchina%2Fcontent%2F2018-02%2F09%2Fcontent_180763205.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.ifeng.com/a/20180328/57122293_0.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">中央广播电视总台台长慎海雄出任中宣部副部长</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Television" title="Phoenix Television">Phoenix Television</a></i> (in Chinese). 28 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128022340/https://news.ifeng.com/a/20180328/57122293_0.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phoenix+Television&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E6%80%BB%E5%8F%B0%E5%8F%B0%E9%95%BF%E6%85%8E%E6%B5%B7%E9%9B%84%E5%87%BA%E4%BB%BB%E4%B8%AD%E5%AE%A3%E9%83%A8%E5%89%AF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF&rft.date=2018-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.ifeng.com%2Fa%2F20180328%2F57122293_0.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/the-chinese-media-more-autonomous-and-diverse-within-limits/copy_of_1.htm">The Chinese Media: More Autonomous and Diverse—Within Limits</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114233822/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/the-chinese-media-more-autonomous-and-diverse-within-limits/copy_of_1.htm">Archived</a> 14 January 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> , <i>CIA</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shirk-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shirk_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirk2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_L._Shirk" title="Susan L. Shirk">Shirk, Susan L.</a> (31 May 2007). <i>China: The Fragile Superpower</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530609-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530609-5"><bdi>978-0-19-530609-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%3A+The+Fragile+Superpower&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007-05-31&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530609-5&rft.aulast=Shirk&rft.aufirst=Susan+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Yi-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:Yi_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYi2024" class="citation book cs1">Yi, Guolin (2024). "From "Seven Speak-Nots" to "Media Surnamed Party": Media in China from 2012 to 2022". In Fang, Qiang; Li, Xiaobing (eds.). <i>China under Xi Jinping: A New Assessment</i>. <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Leiden University Press">Leiden University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789087284411" title="Special:BookSources/9789087284411"><bdi>9789087284411</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.15136086">jj.15136086</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+%22Seven+Speak-Nots%22+to+%22Media+Surnamed+Party%22%3A+Media+in+China+from+2012+to+2022&rft.btitle=China+under+Xi+Jinping%3A+A+New+Assessment&rft.pub=Leiden+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fjj.15136086%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=9789087284411&rft.aulast=Yi&rft.aufirst=Guolin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoonan2009" class="citation news cs1">Coonan, Clifford (14 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/green-dragon-fires-up-chinese-hopes-1.699784">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Green Dragon' fires up Chinese hopes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241001012754/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/green-dragon-fires-up-chinese-hopes-1.699784">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=%27Green+Dragon%27+fires+up+Chinese+hopes&rft.date=2009-02-14&rft.aulast=Coonan&rft.aufirst=Clifford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fgreen-dragon-fires-up-chinese-hopes-1.699784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lat-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lat_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lat_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Latham, K. <i>Pop Culture China!: Media, Arts, and Lifestyle.</i> ABC-CLIO, 2007. pp.60 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-582-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-582-7">978-1-85109-582-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adage.com/results?start=30&endeca=1&return=endeca&D=11%2F05%2F2008&Nty=1&N=4294966457&Ns=P_Ranking%7C1">China's TV audience passes 1.2 billion</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200124113355/https://adage.com/results?start=30&endeca=1&return=endeca&D=11%2F05%2F2008&Nty=1&N=4294966457&Ns=P_Ranking%7C1">Archived</a> 24 January 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> , <i>Advertising Age</i>, 9 January 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Li, J. & Lee, C. <i>Chinese Media, Global Contexts: Global Contexts.</i> Routledge, 2003. pp. 168. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30334-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30334-7">978-0-415-30334-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yuan, Elaine J. (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois at Chicago">University of Illinois at Chicago</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indigo.uic.edu/bitstream/handle/10027/10473/CJoC_GZFrag%26Pol.pdf?sequence=1">"Diversity of exposure in television viewing: audience fragmentation and polarization in Guangzhou"</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150602231537/http://indigo.uic.edu/bitstream/handle/10027/10473/CJoC_GZFrag%26Pol.pdf?sequence=1">Archived</a> 2 June 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>). <i>Chinese Journal of Communication</i> 1:1, 91 – 108. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17544750701861954#.VW328EaZqVA">Available at</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819222439/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17544750701861954#.VW328EaZqVA">Archived</a> 19 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indigo.uic.edu/handle/10027/10473">Available at</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150602233134/http://indigo.uic.edu/handle/10027/10473">Archived</a> 2 June 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) University of Illinois, Chicago INDIGO.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wang, J. <i>Brand New China: Advertising, Media, and Commercial Culture.</i> Harvard University Press, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02680-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02680-3">978-0-674-02680-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cctv.cntv.cn/zhuchiren/">"China Central Television"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160915045658/http://cctv.cntv.cn/zhuchiren/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=China+Central+Television&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcctv.cntv.cn%2Fzhuchiren%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7824255.stm">"China TV faces propaganda charge"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 12 January 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819222440/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7824255.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=China+TV+faces+propaganda+charge&rft.date=2009-01-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F7824255.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Asia/Story/STIStory_325896.html">'Boycott state media' call</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100205203549/http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Asia/Story/STIStory_325896.html">Archived</a> 5 February 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> , <i><a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a></i>, 14 January 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diplomat_2019-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Diplomat_2019_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook" class="citation news cs1">Cook, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2019/09/china-central-television-a-long-standing-weapon-in-beijings-arsenal-of-repression/">"China Central Television: A Long-standing Weapon in Beijing's Arsenal of Repression"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat" title="The Diplomat">The Diplomat</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191005165924/https://thediplomat.com/2019/09/china-central-television-a-long-standing-weapon-in-beijings-arsenal-of-repression/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=China+Central+Television%3A+A+Long-standing+Weapon+in+Beijing%27s+Arsenal+of+Repression&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2019%2F09%2Fchina-central-television-a-long-standing-weapon-in-beijings-arsenal-of-repression%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhu2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ying_Zhu" title="Ying Zhu">Zhu, Ying</a> (5 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018015901/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/06/the-inside-story-of-when-chinas-state-run-tv-criticized-the-party/258102/">"The Inside Story of When China's State-Run TV Criticized the Party"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/06/the-inside-story-of-when-chinas-state-run-tv-criticized-the-party/258102">the original</a> on 18 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Inside+Story+of+When+China%27s+State-Run+TV+Criticized+the+Party&rft.date=2012-06-05&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Ying&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2012%2F06%2Fthe-inside-story-of-when-chinas-state-run-tv-criticized-the-party%2F258102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span> , accessed June 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWong2020" class="citation news cs1">Wong, Edward (22 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/us/politics/us-china-news-organizations.html">"U.S. Designates Four More Chinese News Organizations as Foreign Missions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200622221012/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/us/politics/us-china-news-organizations.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Trump+Administration+Labels+4+More+Chinese+News+Outlets+%27Foreign+Missions%27&rft.date=2020-06-22&rft.aulast=Ruwitch&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Kelemen%2C+Michele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F06%2F22%2F881755421%2Ftrump-administration-labels-4-more-chinese-news-outlets-foreign-missions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/video/cctv-tries-to-pass-off-top-gun-clip-as-real/43EC0FC2-A440-4522-8E81-437EC747D30A.html">"CCTV Tries to Pass Off 'Top Gun' Clip as Real?"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. 28 January 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914010743/http://www.wsj.com/video/cctv-tries-to-pass-off-top-gun-clip-as-real/43EC0FC2-A440-4522-8E81-437EC747D30A.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=CCTV+Tries+to+Pass+Off+%27Top+Gun%27+Clip+as+Real%3F&rft.date=2011-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fvideo%2Fcctv-tries-to-pass-off-top-gun-clip-as-real%2F43EC0FC2-A440-4522-8E81-437EC747D30A.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CMP01-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CMP01_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CMP01_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBandurski2011" class="citation web cs1">Bandurski, David (5 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chinamediaproject.org/2011/12/05/goebbels-in-china/">"Goebbels in China?"</a>. <i>China Media Project</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241001012754/https://chinamediaproject.org/2011/12/05/goebbels-in-china/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+Media+Project&rft.atitle=Goebbels+in+China%3F&rft.date=2011-12-05&rft.aulast=Bandurski&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchinamediaproject.org%2F2011%2F12%2F05%2Fgoebbels-in-china%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYer01-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYer01_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Evan_Osnos" title="Evan Osnos">Osnos, Evan</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/evanosnos/2011/12/the-pentagon-papers-the-press-and-beijing.html#entry-more">"The Pentagon Papers, the Press, and Beijing"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120109062809/http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/evanosnos/2011/12/the-pentagon-papers-the-press-and-beijing.html#entry-more">Archived</a> 9 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> , <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i> blog, December 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlson" class="citation news cs1">Carlson, Benjamin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pri.org/stories/2013-11-15/china-confession-will-be-televised-fact-it-already">"In China, the confession will be televised. In fact, it already is"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_International" title="Public Radio International">Public Radio International</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201018121823/https://www.pri.org/stories/2013-11-15/china-confession-will-be-televised-fact-it-already">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Radio+International&rft.atitle=In+China%2C+the+confession+will+be+televised.+In+fact%2C+it+already+is&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pri.org%2Fstories%2F2013-11-15%2Fchina-confession-will-be-televised-fact-it-already&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWong2016" class="citation news cs1">Wong, Edward (21 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/22/world/asia/china-confession-cctv.html">"China Uses Foreigners' Televised Confessions to Serve Its Own Ends"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016045325/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/22/world/asia/china-confession-cctv.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=China+Uses+Foreigners%27+Televised+Confessions+to+Serve+Its+Own+Ends&rft.date=2016-01-21&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F01%2F22%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fchina-confession-cctv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quartz_2015-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Quartz_2015_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quartz_2015_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuang2015" class="citation news cs1">Huang, Zheping (15 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/453477/china-is-using-televised-confessions-to-shame-detained-lawyers-journalists-and-activists/">"China is using televised confessions to shame detained lawyers, journalists, and activists"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Quartz_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quartz (website)">Quartz</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201014161349/https://qz.com/453477/china-is-using-televised-confessions-to-shame-detained-lawyers-journalists-and-activists/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quartz&rft.atitle=China+is+using+televised+confessions+to+shame+detained+lawyers%2C+journalists%2C+and+activists&rft.date=2015-07-15&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Zheping&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F453477%2Fchina-is-using-televised-confessions-to-shame-detained-lawyers-journalists-and-activists%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChin2016" class="citation news cs1">Chin, Josh (25 January 2016). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2016/01/25/on-chinese-tv-confessions-are-all-the-rage/">"On Chinese TV, Confessions Are All the Rage"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170314053844/http://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2016/01/25/on-chinese-tv-confessions-are-all-the-rage/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=On+Chinese+TV%2C+Confessions+Are+All+the+Rage&rft.date=2016-01-25&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Chin&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Fchinarealtime%2F2016%2F01%2F25%2Fon-chinese-tv-confessions-are-all-the-rage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJiang2016" class="citation news cs1">Jiang, Steven (26 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2016/01/26/asia/china-television-confessions/index.html">"Trial by media? Confessions go prime time in China"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417015338/https://www.cnn.com/2016/01/26/asia/china-television-confessions/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trial+by+media%3F+Confessions+go+prime+time+in+China&rft.date=2016-01-26&rft.aulast=Jiang&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2016%2F01%2F26%2Fasia%2Fchina-television-confessions%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphrey" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_William_Humphrey" title="Peter William Humphrey">Humphrey, Peter</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2019/11/countering-chinas-forced-confessions/">"Countering China's Forced Confessions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat" title="The Diplomat">The Diplomat</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201013124143/https://thediplomat.com/2019/11/countering-chinas-forced-confessions/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=Countering+China%27s+Forced+Confessions&rft.aulast=Humphrey&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2019%2F11%2Fcountering-chinas-forced-confessions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-53308057">"Chinese TV channel breached rules with 'forced confession'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 6 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200706202331/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-53308057">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Chinese+TV+channel+breached+rules+with+%27forced+confession%27&rft.date=2020-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-53308057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/news/uk-watchdog-upholds-complaint-against-chinese-broadcaster-01594040407">"UK Watchdog Upholds Complaint Against Chinese Broadcaster"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Barron%27s_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barron's (newspaper)">Barron's</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408043513/https://www.barrons.com/news/uk-watchdog-upholds-complaint-against-chinese-broadcaster-01594040407">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Barron%27s&rft.atitle=UK+Watchdog+Upholds+Complaint+Against+Chinese+Broadcaster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-watchdog-upholds-complaint-against-chinese-broadcaster-01594040407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNuttall2020" class="citation news cs1">Nuttall, Jeremy (10 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2020/06/09/china-broadcast-my-forced-confession-in-canada-and-crtc-does-nothing-ex-prisoner.html">"China broadcast my forced confession in Canada — and CRTC does nothing: ex-prisoner"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200610235644/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2020/06/09/china-broadcast-my-forced-confession-in-canada-and-crtc-does-nothing-ex-prisoner.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=China+broadcast+my+forced+confession+in+Canada+%E2%80%94+and+CRTC+does+nothing%3A+ex-prisoner&rft.date=2020-06-10&rft.aulast=Nuttall&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2020%2F06%2F09%2Fchina-broadcast-my-forced-confession-in-canada-and-crtc-does-nothing-ex-prisoner.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-50592641">"Simon Cheng: UK media watchdog receives 'China forced confession' complaint"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 28 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418232932/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-50592641">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Simon+Cheng%3A+UK+media+watchdog+receives+%27China+forced+confession%27+complaint&rft.date=2019-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-china-50592641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeng2020" class="citation news cs1">Teng, Sylvia (13 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4028918">"Another Taiwanese reportedly detained by China for 'endangering national security'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_News" title="Taiwan News">Taiwan News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016220238/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4028918">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taiwan+News&rft.atitle=Another+Taiwanese+reportedly+detained+by+China+for+%27endangering+national+security%27&rft.date=2020-10-13&rft.aulast=Teng&rft.aufirst=Sylvia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwannews.com.tw%2Fen%2Fnews%2F4028918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs2009" class="citation news cs1">Jacobs, Andrew (9 February 2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/10/world/asia/10beijing.html">"Fire Ravages Renowned Building in Beijing"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180818084130/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/10/world/asia/10beijing.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=beijing%20fire&st=cse">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fire+Ravages+Renowned+Building+in+Beijing&rft.date=2009-02-09&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F02%2F10%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F10beijing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/38400de8-f9c2-11dd-9daa-000077b07658.html">Beijing fire evokes mixed reactions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090214211257/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/38400de8-f9c2-11dd-9daa-000077b07658.html">Archived</a> 14 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> , <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>, 13 February 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/world/18432-credibility-of-cctv-tarnished-by-big-fire">Credibility of CCTV tarnished by big fire</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720124639/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/world/18432-credibility-of-cctv-tarnished-by-big-fire">Archived</a> 20 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> , <i><a href="/wiki/The_Malaysian_Insider" title="The Malaysian Insider">The Malaysian Insider</a></i>, 16 February 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://v.ifeng.com/news/world/201103/a504ae85-65ce-423f-84c9-20c18b499694.shtml">"利比亚反对派举中文标语"卡扎菲是说谎者"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Television" title="Phoenix Television">Phoenix Television</a></i> (in Chinese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422214347/http://v.ifeng.com/news/world/201103/a504ae85-65ce-423f-84c9-20c18b499694.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phoenix+Television&rft.atitle=%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%B9%E6%B4%BE%E4%B8%BE%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD%22%E5%8D%A1%E6%89%8E%E8%8F%B2%E6%98%AF%E8%AF%B4%E8%B0%8E%E8%80%85%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fv.ifeng.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F201103%2Fa504ae85-65ce-423f-84c9-20c18b499694.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToh2019" class="citation news cs1">Toh, Michelle (8 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/08/media/nba-china-hong-kong-morey/index.html">"China won't show NBA preseason games as backlash over Hong Kong tweet grows"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191009014400/https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/08/media/nba-china-hong-kong-morey/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=China+won%27t+show+NBA+preseason+games+as+backlash+over+Hong+Kong+tweet+grows&rft.date=2019-10-08&rft.aulast=Toh&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F10%2F08%2Fmedia%2Fnba-china-hong-kong-morey%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220305-paralympic-committee-asks-beijing-why-anti-war-speech-censored">"Paralympic Committee asks Beijing why anti-war speech censored"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a></i>. 5 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220308120406/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220305-paralympic-committee-asks-beijing-why-anti-war-speech-censored">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Paralympic+Committee+asks+Beijing+why+anti-war+speech+censored&rft.date=2022-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20220305-paralympic-committee-asks-beijing-why-anti-war-speech-censored&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-05/paralympic-body-presses-china-on-censoring-of-no-war-speech">"Paralympic Body Asks China Why it Censored Anti-War Speech"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a></i>. 5 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305105152/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-05/paralympic-body-presses-china-on-censoring-of-no-war-speech">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Paralympic+Body+Asks+China+Why+it+Censored+Anti-War+Speech&rft.date=2022-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2022-03-05%2Fparalympic-body-presses-china-on-censoring-of-no-war-speech&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuan2022" class="citation news cs1">Yuan, Li (4 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/04/business/china-russia-ukraine-disinformation.html">"How China Embraces Russian Propaganda and Its Version of the War"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220314120327/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/04/business/china-russia-ukraine-disinformation.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+China+Embraces+Russian+Propaganda+and+Its+Version+of+the+War&rft.date=2022-03-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=Li&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F03%2F04%2Fbusiness%2Fchina-russia-ukraine-disinformation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWong2022" class="citation news cs1">Wong, Edward (11 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/10/us/politics/russia-ukraine-china-bioweapons.html">"U.S. Fights Bioweapons Disinformation Pushed by Russia and China"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220314115329/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/10/us/politics/russia-ukraine-china-bioweapons.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+Fights+Bioweapons+Disinformation+Pushed+by+Russia+and+China&rft.date=2022-03-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F03%2F10%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Frussia-ukraine-china-bioweapons.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRising2022" class="citation news cs1">Rising, David (11 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-covid-health-biological-weapons-china-39eeee023efdf7ea59c4a20b7e018169">"China amplifies unsupported Russian claim of Ukraine biolabs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311112049/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-covid-health-biological-weapons-china-39eeee023efdf7ea59c4a20b7e018169">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=China+amplifies+unsupported+Russian+claim+of+Ukraine+biolabs&rft.date=2022-03-11&rft.aulast=Rising&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Frussia-ukraine-covid-health-biological-weapons-china-39eeee023efdf7ea59c4a20b7e018169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy2022" class="citation news cs1">McCarthy, Simone (10 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/10/china/china-russia-disinformation-campaign-ukraine-intl-dst-hnk/index.html">"China's promotion of Russian disinformation indicates where its loyalties lie"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310213748/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/10/china/china-russia-disinformation-campaign-ukraine-intl-dst-hnk/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=China%27s+promotion+of+Russian+disinformation+indicates+where+its+loyalties+lie&rft.date=2022-03-10&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Simone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2022%2F03%2F10%2Fchina%2Fchina-russia-disinformation-campaign-ukraine-intl-dst-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthyXiong2022" class="citation news cs1">McCarthy, Simone; Xiong, Yong (6 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/06/china/china-reacts-bucha-ukraine-atrocities-intl-hnk-mic/index.html">"As the world reacts in horror to Bucha, China's state media strikes a different tone"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220409022758/https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/06/china/china-reacts-bucha-ukraine-atrocities-intl-hnk-mic/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=As+the+world+reacts+in+horror+to+Bucha%2C+China%27s+state+media+strikes+a+different+tone&rft.date=2022-04-06&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Simone&rft.au=Xiong%2C+Yong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F04%2F06%2Fchina%2Fchina-reacts-bucha-ukraine-atrocities-intl-hnk-mic%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMellor2022" class="citation news cs1">Mellor, Sophie (28 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fortune.com/2022/11/28/china-state-owned-television-editing-maskless-fans-out-world-cup-coverage/">"China's state-owned television is editing maskless fans out of its World Cup coverage"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128132203/https://fortune.com/2022/11/28/china-state-owned-television-editing-maskless-fans-out-world-cup-coverage/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=China%27s+state-owned+television+is+editing+maskless+fans+out+of+its+World+Cup+coverage&rft.date=2022-11-28&rft.aulast=Mellor&rft.aufirst=Sophie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2022%2F11%2F28%2Fchina-state-owned-television-editing-maskless-fans-out-world-cup-coverage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWei2022" class="citation news cs1">Wei, Low De (28 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-11-28/maskless-world-cup-fans-pose-dilemma-for-chinese-broadcasters">"World Cup Fans Without Masks Pose Dilemma for Chinese TV Amid Protests"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=World+Cup+Fans+Without+Masks+Pose+Dilemma+for+Chinese+TV+Amid+Protests&rft.date=2022-11-28&rft.aulast=Wei&rft.aufirst=Low+De&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2022-11-28%2Fmaskless-world-cup-fans-pose-dilemma-for-chinese-broadcasters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYerushalmy2022" class="citation news cs1">Yerushalmy, Jonathan (28 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/28/how-chinese-media-have-and-havent-covered-widespread-protests-against-zero-covid">"How Chinese media have – and haven't – covered widespread protests against zero-Covid"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241001012754/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/28/how-chinese-media-have-and-havent-covered-widespread-protests-against-zero-covid">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+Chinese+media+have+%E2%80%93+and+haven%27t+%E2%80%93+covered+widespread+protests+against+zero-Covid&rft.date=2022-11-28&rft.aulast=Yerushalmy&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Fnov%2F28%2Fhow-chinese-media-have-and-havent-covered-widespread-protests-against-zero-covid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:322-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:322_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichLiu2023" class="citation news cs1">Rich, Motoko; Liu, John (31 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/31/world/asia/china-fukushima-water-protest.html">"China's Disinformation Fuels Anger Over Fukushima Water Release"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230930231110/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/31/world/asia/china-fukushima-water-protest.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=China%27s+Disinformation+Fuels+Anger+Over+Fukushima+Water+Release&rft.date=2023-08-31&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Motoko&rft.au=Liu%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F08%2F31%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fchina-fukushima-water-protest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-66667291">"Fukushima: China's anger at Japan is fuelled by disinformation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 2 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230930231107/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-66667291">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Fukushima%3A+China%27s+anger+at+Japan+is+fuelled+by+disinformation&rft.date=2023-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-66667291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2023" class="citation news cs1">Davidson, Helen (4 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/sep/04/state-backed-disinformation-fuelling-anger-in-china-over-fukushima-wastewater-japan">"State-backed disinformation fuelling anger in China over Fukushima water"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001095925/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/sep/04/state-backed-disinformation-fuelling-anger-in-china-over-fukushima-wastewater-japan">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=State-backed+disinformation+fuelling+anger+in+China+over+Fukushima+water&rft.date=2023-09-04&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2023%2Fsep%2F04%2Fstate-backed-disinformation-fuelling-anger-in-china-over-fukushima-wastewater-japan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Central+Television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Central_Television&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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.navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="China_Media_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:China_Media_Group" title="Template:China Media Group"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:China_Media_Group" title="Template talk:China Media Group"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:China_Media_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:China Media Group"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="China_Media_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">China Media Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">China Central Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">China Global Television Network</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">China National Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">China Radio International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="China_Central_Television" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CCTV" title="Template:CCTV"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CCTV" title="Template talk:CCTV"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CCTV" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CCTV"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="China_Central_Television" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China Central Television</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Owned by <a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">China Media Group</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CCTV_channels" class="mw-redirect" title="CCTV channels">Channels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-1" title="CCTV-1">CCTV-1 (General)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-2" title="CCTV-2">CCTV-2 (Finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-3" title="CCTV-3">CCTV-3 (Arts and Entertainment)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-4" title="CCTV-4">CCTV-4 (Chinese International)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-5" title="CCTV-5">CCTV-5 (Sports)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-5%2B" title="CCTV-5+">CCTV-5+ (Sport+)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Movie_Channel" title="China Movie Channel">CCTV-6 (Movies)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-7" title="CCTV-7">CCTV-7 (Military)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-8" title="CCTV-8">CCTV-8 (Drama)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-9" title="CCTV-9">CCTV-9 (Documentary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-10" title="CCTV-10">CCTV-10 (Science and Education)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-11" title="CCTV-11">CCTV-11 (Chinese Opera)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-12" title="CCTV-12">CCTV-12 (Society and Law)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-13" title="CCTV-13">CCTV-13 (News)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-14" title="CCTV-14">CCTV-14 (Children)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-15" title="CCTV-15">CCTV-15 (Music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-16" title="CCTV-16">CCTV-16 (Olympic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-17" title="CCTV-17">CCTV-17 (Agriculture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-4K" class="mw-redirect" title="CCTV-4K">CCTV-4K (UHD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-8K" class="mw-redirect" title="CCTV-8K">CCTV-8K (UHD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-Shopping_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="CCTV-Shopping Channel">CCTV-Shopping Channel</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="CGTN" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">CGTN</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CGTN_(TV_channel)" title="CGTN (TV channel)">CGTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGTN_French" title="CGTN French">CGTN French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGTN_Spanish" title="CGTN Spanish">CGTN Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGTN_Arabic" title="CGTN Arabic">CGTN Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGTN_Russian" title="CGTN Russian">CGTN Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGTN_Documentary" title="CGTN Documentary">CGTN Documentary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Network_Television" title="China Network Television">China Network Television</a> (CNTV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV%2B" title="CCTV+">CCTV+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV_Headquarters" title="CCTV Headquarters">CCTV Headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Radio_%26_TV_Tower" title="Central Radio & TV Tower">Central Radio & TV Tower</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CCTV_New_Year%27s_Gala" class="mw-redirect" title="CCTV New Year's Gala">CCTV New Year's Gala</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPanda" title="IPanda">iPanda</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="CGTN" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">CGTN</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CGTN_Africa" title="CGTN Africa">CGTN Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGTN_America" title="CGTN America">CGTN America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Channel names in <i>Italic</i></b> indicates planned channels</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="China_Central_Television_shows" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CCTV_shows" title="Template:CCTV shows"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CCTV_shows" title="Template talk:CCTV shows"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CCTV_shows" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CCTV shows"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="China_Central_Television_shows" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China Central Television</a> shows</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variety shows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sing_My_Song" title="Sing My Song">Sing My Song</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sing_My_Song_(season_1)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sing My Song (season 1)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sing_My_Song_(season_2)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sing My Song (season 2)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sing_My_Song_(season_3)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sing My Song (season 3)">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Challenge" title="The Great Challenge">The Great Challenge</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucky_52" title="Lucky 52">Lucky 52</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drama series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_West_(1986_TV_series)" title="Journey to the West (1986 TV series)">Journey to the West</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dream_of_the_Red_Chamber_(1987_TV_series)" title="Dream of the Red Chamber (1987 TV series)">Dream of the Red Chamber</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romance_in_the_Rain" title="Romance in the Rain">Romance in the Rain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Towards_the_Republic" title="Towards the Republic">Towards the Republic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/See_Without_Looking" title="See Without Looking">See Without Looking</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Legends" title="Ancient Legends">Ancient Legends</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Han_Triumph" title="The Han Triumph">The Han Triumph</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huang_Yanpei_(TV_series)" title="Huang Yanpei (TV series)">Huang Yanpei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moment_in_Peking_(2005_TV_series)" title="Moment in Peking (2005 TV series)">Moment in Peking</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mad_Detective_Di_Renjie" title="Mad Detective Di Renjie">Mad Detective Di Renjie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_(TV_series)" title="The Myth (TV series)">The Myth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Will_You_Marry_Me_and_My_Family" title="Will You Marry Me and My Family">Will You Marry Me and My Family</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution_(TV_series)" title="1911 Revolution (TV series)">1911 Revolution</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Run_Daddy_Run" title="Run Daddy Run">Run Daddy Run</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kong_Que_Ling" title="Kong Que Ling">Kong Que Ling</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melody_of_Youth" title="Melody of Youth">Melody of Youth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twin_of_Brothers_(2011_TV_series)" title="Twin of Brothers (2011 TV series)">Twin of Brothers (2011)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Destiny_by_Love" title="Destiny by Love">Destiny by Love</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong_(TV_series)" title="Mao Zedong (TV series)">Mao Zedong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(TV_series)" title="Battle of Changsha (TV series)">Battle of Changsha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping_at_History%27s_Crossroads" title="Deng Xiaoping at History's Crossroads">Deng Xiaoping at History's Crossroads</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marshal_Peng_Dehuai_(TV_series)" title="Marshal Peng Dehuai (TV series)">Marshal Peng Dehuai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Detective_Di_Renjie" title="Amazing Detective Di Renjie">Amazing Detective Di Renjie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_1895" title="Taiwan 1895">Taiwan 1895</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Internet_Age" title="The Internet Age">The Internet Age</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Approaching_Science" title="Approaching Science">Approaching Science</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Elegy" title="River Elegy">River Elegy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Bite_of_China" title="A Bite of China">A Bite of China</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Travelogue_(TV_show)" class="mw-redirect" title="Travelogue (TV show)">Travelogue</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/News_Probe" title="News Probe">News Probe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rediscovering_the_Yangtze_River" title="Rediscovering the Yangtze River">Rediscovering the Yangtze River</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rise_of_the_Great_Powers" title="The Rise of the Great Powers">The Rise of the Great Powers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yuanfang_De_Jia" title="Yuanfang De Jia">Yuanfang De Jia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A.U" title="A.U">A.U</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Cat_Detective" title="Black Cat Detective">Black Cat Detective</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Mouse_and_the_Big_Faced_Cat" title="The Blue Mouse and the Big Faced Cat">The Blue Mouse and the Big Faced Cat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boonie_Bears" title="Boonie Bears">Boonie Bears</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dreaming_Girl" title="The Dreaming Girl">The Dreaming Girl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_West_%E2%80%93_Legends_of_the_Monkey_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Journey to the West – Legends of the Monkey King">Journey to the West – Legends of the Monkey King</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Cherry" title="Little Cherry">Little Cherry</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magic_Boy_Kitchener" title="Magic Boy Kitchener">Magic Boy Kitchener</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romance_of_the_Three_Kingdoms_(2009_animation)" title="Romance of the Three Kingdoms (2009 animation)">Romance of the Three Kingdoms</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Wuzang" title="Shaolin Wuzang">Shaolin Wuzang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wanderings_of_Sanmao" title="Wanderings of Sanmao">Wanderings of Sanmao</a></i></li> <li><i>The King of Tibetan Antelope</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dibidogs" title="The Dibidogs">The Dibidogs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tortoise_Hanba%27s_Stories" title="Tortoise Hanba's Stories">Tortoise Hanba's Stories</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AI_Football_GGO" title="AI Football GGO">AI Football GGO</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fuwa" title="Fuwa">Fuwa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stitch_%26_Ai" title="Stitch & Ai">Stitch & Ai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Egg_Car" title="Egg Car">Egg Car</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other shows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lecture_Room" title="Lecture Room">Lecture Room</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Growing_up_with_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Growing up with Chinese">Growing up with Chinese</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Culture_Express" title="Culture Express">Culture Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Same_Song" title="The Same Song">The Same Song</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tell_It_Like_It_Is_(talk_show)" title="Tell It Like It Is (talk show)">Tell It Like It Is</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Travel_in_Chinese" title="Travel in Chinese">Travel in Chinese</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Xinwen_Lianbo" title="Xinwen Lianbo">Xinwen Lianbo</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/China_Today_(CCTV)" class="mw-redirect" title="China Today (CCTV)">China Today</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Characters_Dictation_Competition" title="Chinese Characters Dictation Competition">Chinese Characters Dictation Competition</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Poetry_Congress" title="Chinese Poetry Congress">Chinese Poetry Congress</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kunlun_Fight" title="Kunlun Fight">Kunlun Fight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wumpa%27s_World" title="Wumpa's World">Wumpa's World</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television special</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/CCTV_New_Year%27s_Gala" class="mw-redirect" title="CCTV New Year's Gala">CCTV New Year's Gala</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Television_broadcasting_networks_in_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_broadcast_television" title="Template:Chinese broadcast television"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese_broadcast_television" title="Template talk:Chinese broadcast television"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_broadcast_television" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese broadcast television"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Television_broadcasting_networks_in_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Television_in_China" title="Television in China">Television broadcasting networks in China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China Central Television</a> (CCTV<sup><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">CMG</a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">China Global Television Network</a> (CGTN<sup><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">CMG</a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Education_Television" title="China Education Television">China Education Television</a> (CETV<sup><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China">MOE</a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Xinhua_News_Network_Corporation" title="China Xinhua News Network Corporation">China Xinhua News Network Corporation</a> (CNC<sup><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">XNA</a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Weather_TV" title="China Weather TV">China Weather Television</a> (CWTV<sup><a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">CMA</a></sup>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Big 7<br /><a href="/wiki/Commercial_broadcasting" title="Commercial broadcasting">Commercial</a><br />(National)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anhui_Television" title="Anhui Television">Anhui Radio and Television</a> (AHRT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Media_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Media Network">Beijing Media Network</a> (BMN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Radio_and_Television" title="Guangdong Radio and Television">Guangdong Radio and Television</a> (GRT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Jiangsu Broadcasting Corporation">Jiangsu Broadcasting Corporation</a> (JSBC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_Station_of_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio and Television Station of Shanghai">Radio and Television Station of Shanghai</a>/<a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Media_Group" title="Shanghai Media Group">Shanghai Media Group</a> (RTS/SMG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Media_Group" title="Shenzhen Media Group">Shenzhen Media Group</a> (SZMG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_Radio_and_Television_Group" title="Zhejiang Radio and Television Group">Zhejiang Radio and Television Group</a> (ZRTG)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br /><a href="/wiki/Commercial_broadcasting" title="Commercial broadcasting">Commercial</a><br />(National)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing_Broadcasting_Group" title="Chongqing Broadcasting Group">Chongqing Broadcasting Group</a> (CBG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian_Radio_Film_and_TV_Group" title="Fujian Radio Film and TV Group">Fujian Media Group</a> (FMG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan_Broadcasting_System" title="Hunan Broadcasting System">Hunan Broadcasting System</a> (HBS)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaanxi_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaanxi Broadcasting Corporation (page does not exist)">Shaanxi Broadcasting Corporation</a> (SXBC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Radio_and_Television" title="Sichuan Radio and Television">Sichuan Radio and Television</a> (SRT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin_Television_And_Radio_Station" title="Tianjin Television And Radio Station">Tianjin Television And Radio Station</a> (TTRS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Media_Group" title="Xiamen Media Group">Xiamen Media Group</a> (XMG)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Broadcasting_Network" title="Guangzhou Broadcasting Network">Guangzhou Broadcasting Network</a> (GZBN)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HK_Television_Entertainment" title="HK Television Entertainment">HK Television Entertainment</a> (HKTVE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">Radio Television Hong Kong</a> (RTHK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVB" title="TVB">Television Broadcasts Limited</a> (TVB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantastic Television">Fantastic Television</a> (FTV)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Premium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Cable_Television" title="Hong Kong Cable Television">HK Cable TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now_TV_(Hong_Kong)" title="Now TV (Hong Kong)">Now TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TDM_(Macau)" title="TDM (Macau)">Teledifusão de Macau</a> (TDM)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macau_Basic_Television_Channels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macau Basic Television Channels (page does not exist)">Macau Basic Television Channels</a> (CTBM)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Premium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macau_Cable_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macau Cable TV (page does not exist)">Macau Cable TV</a> (MCTV)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Television_broadcasting_channels_in_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Television_in_China" title="Template:Television in China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Television_in_China" title="Template talk:Television in China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Television_in_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Television in China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Television_broadcasting_channels_in_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Television_in_China" title="Television in China">Television broadcasting channels in China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CCTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Network_Television" title="China Network Television">CNTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">CGTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Education_Television" title="China Education Television">CETV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Xinhua_News_Network_Corporation" title="China Xinhua News Network Corporation">CNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Weather_TV" title="China Weather TV">CWTV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Big 12<br /><a href="/wiki/Commercial_broadcasting" title="Commercial broadcasting">Commercial</a><br />(National)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anhui_Television" title="Anhui Television">Anhui STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Media_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Media Network">Beijing STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Media_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Media Network">(Beijing) Kaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Radio_and_Television" title="Guangdong Radio and Television">(Guangdong) Jiajia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Radio_and_Television" title="Guangdong Radio and Television">Guangdong STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Television_Guangdong" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Television Guangdong">(Guangdong) TVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Jiangsu Broadcasting Corporation">Jiangsu STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Jiangsu Broadcasting Corporation">(Jiangsu) Youman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Television" title="Dragon Television">(Shanghai) Dragon STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Television" title="Shanghai Television">(Shanghai) Toonmax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Media_Group" title="Shenzhen Media Group">Shenzhen STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_Television" title="Zhejiang Television">Zhejiang STV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br /><a href="/wiki/Commercial_broadcasting" title="Commercial broadcasting">Commercial</a><br />(National)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing_Broadcasting_Group" title="Chongqing Broadcasting Group">Chongqing STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Television" title="Southeast Television">(Fujian) Southeast STV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strait_Satellite_Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strait Satellite Television (page does not exist)">(Fujian) Strait STV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fujian_Education_Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fujian Education Television (page does not exist)">Fujian Education STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Media_Group" title="Xiamen Media Group">(Fujian) Xiamen STV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gansu_Media_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gansu Media Group (page does not exist)">Gansu STV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangxi_Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangxi Television (page does not exist)">Guangxi STV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guizhou_Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guizhou Television (page does not exist)">Guizhou STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_Television" title="Hainan Television">Hainan STV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Travel_Channel_(China)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Travel Channel (China) (page does not exist)">(Hainan) Travel Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sansha_Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sansha Television (page does not exist)">(Hainan) Sansha STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebei_Television" title="Hebei Television">Hebei STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang_Television_Station" title="Heilongjiang Television Station">Heilongjiang STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_Television" title="Henan Television">Henan STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubei_Television" title="Hubei Television">Hubei STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan_Television" title="Hunan Television">Hunan STV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aniworld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aniworld (page does not exist)">(Hunan) Aniworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nei_Mongol_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Nei Mongol Television">Nei Mongol STV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiangxi_Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiangxi Television (page does not exist)">Jiangxi STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_Television" title="Jilin Television">Jilin STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_Television" title="Liaoning Television">Liaoning STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningxia_Television" title="Ningxia Television">Ningxia STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai_Television" title="Qinghai Television">Qinghai STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Television" title="Shaanxi Television">Shaanxi STV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaanxi_Forestry_Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaanxi Forestry Television (page does not exist)">Shaanxi Forestry STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Television" title="Shandong Television">Shandong STV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_Education_Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shandong Education Television (page does not exist)">Shandong Education STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi_Television" title="Shanxi Television">Shanxi STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Radio_and_Television" title="Sichuan Radio and Television">Sichuan STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianjin Television">Tianjin STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Television" title="Xinjiang Television">Xinjiang STV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinjiang_Television_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinjiang Television News (page does not exist)">Xinjiang STV News</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinjiang_Television_Sports_and_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinjiang Television Sports and Health (page does not exist)">Xinjiang STV Sports and Health</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinjiang_Television_Children&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinjiang Television Children (page does not exist)">Xinjiang STV Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps_Radio_and_Television" title="Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Radio and Television">(Xinjiang) Bingtuan STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xizang_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Xizang Television">Xizang STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunnan_Television" title="Yunnan Television">Yunnan STV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_broadcasting_in_China" title="Ethnic broadcasting in China">Non-Chinese</a><br />(National)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qinghai_Television_Tibetan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qinghai Television Tibetan (page does not exist)">Qinghai STV Tibetan (Amdo)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xizang_Television_Tibetan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xizang Television Tibetan (page does not exist)">Xizang STV Tibetan (Wü-Zang)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kangba_Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kangba Television (page does not exist)">Kangba STV Tibetan (Kam)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nei_Mongol_Television_Mongolian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nei Mongol Television Mongolian (page does not exist)">Nei Mongol STV Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinjiang_Television_Uyghur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinjiang Television Uyghur (page does not exist)">Xinjiang STV Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinjiang_Television_Kazakh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinjiang Television Kazakh (page does not exist)">Xinjiang STV Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinjiang_Television_Uyghur_Variety&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinjiang Television Uyghur Variety (page does not exist)">Xinjiang STV Uyghur Variety</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinjiang_Television_Kazakh_Variety&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinjiang Television Kazakh Variety (page does not exist)">Xinjiang STV Kazakh Variety</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinjiang_Television_Uyghur_Life&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinjiang Television Uyghur Life (page does not exist)">Xinjiang STV Uyghur Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanbian_Television" title="Yanbian Television">Yanbian STV (Korean)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Hong_Kong" title="Television in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free-to-air broadcasters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TVB" title="TVB">TVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ViuTV" title="ViuTV">ViuTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantastic Television">Fantastic TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subscription platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Cable_Television" title="Hong Kong Cable Television">Cable TV</a> (Cable)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVB_Network_Vision" title="TVB Network Vision">TVBNV</a> (Satellite; defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now_TV_(Hong_Kong)" title="Now TV (Hong Kong)">Now TV</a> (IPTV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HKBN_bbTV" title="HKBN bbTV">HKBN bbTV</a> (IPTV)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellite channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Entertainment_Television" title="China Entertainment Television">China Entertainment TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Television" title="Phoenix Television">Phoenix TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_TV_(Hong_Kong)" title="Sun TV (Hong Kong)">Sun TV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dim_Sum_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dim Sum TV (page does not exist)">Dim Sum TV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Satellite_Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hong Kong Satellite Television (page does not exist)">Hong Kong STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company_Asia_Pacific_Private_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="The Walt Disney Company Asia Pacific Private Limited">The Walt Disney Company Asia Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ECSTV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ECSTV (page does not exist)">ECSTV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_TV_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Health TV (Hong Kong) (page does not exist)">Health TV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=One_TV_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="One TV (Hong Kong) (page does not exist)">One TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Macao" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Macao">Macau</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free-to-air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TDM_(Macau)" title="TDM (Macau)">TDM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macau_Basic_Television_Channels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macau Basic Television Channels (page does not exist)">CTBM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macau_Cable_Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macau Cable Television (page does not exist)">Macau Cable Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellite</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Asia_Satellite_Television" title="Macau Asia Satellite Television">MASTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_TV_Macau" title="Lotus TV Macau">Lotus TV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kung_Fu_TV_(Macau)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kung Fu TV (Macau) (page does not exist)">Kung Fu TV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Satellite_Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China Satellite Television (page does not exist)">CSTV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NewSky_Satellite_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NewSky Satellite TV (page does not exist)">NewSky STV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confucius_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confucius TV (page does not exist)">Confucius TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong"><img alt="Hong Kong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Television_in_Hong_Kong" title="Television in Hong Kong">Television in Hong Kong</a></dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau"><img alt="Macau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/45px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Television_in_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Macau">Television in Macau</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_European_Broadcasting_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Template:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Template talk:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_European_Broadcasting_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARD_(broadcaster)" title="ARD (broadcaster)">ARD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayerischer_Rundfunk" title="Bayerischer Rundfunk">BR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandradio" title="Deutschlandradio">DLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">DW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessischer_Rundfunk" title="Hessischer Rundfunk">HR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitteldeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk">MDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norddeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Norddeutscher Rundfunk">NDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Bremen" title="Radio Bremen">RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundfunk_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg">RBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarl%C3%A4ndischer_Rundfunk" title="Saarländischer Rundfunk">SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdwestrundfunk" title="Südwestrundfunk">SWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Westdeutscher Rundfunk">WDR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_of_Armenia" title="Public Radio of Armenia">ARMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Television_Company_of_Armenia" title="Public Television Company of Armenia">ARMTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina">BHRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Radio" title="Bulgarian National Radio">BNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Television" title="Bulgarian National Television">BNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Radio" title="Czech Radio">ČRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television" title="Czech Television">ČT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation">CyBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR_(broadcaster)" title="DR (broadcaster)">DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Algeria" title="Radio Algeria">ENRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Establishment_of_Television" title="Public Establishment of Television">EPTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Rahvusringh%C3%A4%C3%A4ling" title="Eesti Rahvusringhääling">ERR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Raadio" title="Eesti Raadio">ER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Televisioon" title="Eesti Televisioon">ETV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_100,7" title="Radio 100,7">ERSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation">ERT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Radio" title="Hellenic Radio">ERA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Public_Broadcaster" title="Georgian Public Broadcaster">GPB</a></li> <li>GRF <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_M%C3%A9dias_Monde" title="France Médias Monde">FMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions" title="France Télévisions">FTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_France" title="Radio France">RF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radiotelevision" title="Croatian Radiotelevision">HRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radio" title="Croatian Radio">HR</a></li></ul></li> <li>İCTI <ul><li>İR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ctimai_Television" title="İctimai Television">İTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Jordan Radio and Television Corporation">JRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Public_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation">KAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_National_Channel" title="Libya National Channel">LNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">LRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_of_Latvia" title="Public Broadcasting of Latvia">LSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvijas_Radio" title="Latvijas Radio">LR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Television" title="Latvian Television">LTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Media_Diffusion" title="Monaco Media Diffusion">MMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Radio_Television" title="Macedonian Radio Television">MRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTVA_(Hungary)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTVA (Hungary)">MTVA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duna_M%C3%A9dia" title="Duna Média">Duna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Publieke_Omroep_(organisation)" title="Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (organisation)">NPO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AVROTROS" title="AVROTROS">AVROTROS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNNVARA" title="BNNVARA">BNNVARA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelische_Omroep" title="Evangelische Omroep">EO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistische_Omroep" title="Humanistische Omroep">HUMAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRO-NCRV" title="KRO-NCRV">KRO-NCRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_MAX" title="Omroep MAX">MAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">NOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_NTR" title="Omroep NTR">NTR</a></li> <li>ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowNed" title="PowNed">PowNed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stichting_Ether_Reclame" class="mw-redirect" title="Stichting Ether Reclame">Ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPRO" title="VPRO">VPRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNL_(broadcaster)" title="WNL (broadcaster)">WNL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_Zwart" title="Omroep Zwart">Zwart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRK" title="NRK">NRK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Media_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="National Media Authority">NTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORF_(broadcaster)" title="ORF (broadcaster)">ORF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Services" title="Public Broadcasting Services">PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio" title="Polskie Radio">PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company">ROR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTBF" title="RTBF">RTBF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Montenegro" title="Radio and Television of Montenegro">RTCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTL_Group" title="RTL Group">RTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_e_Televis%C3%A3o_de_Portugal" title="Rádio e Televisão de Portugal">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Serbia" title="Radio Television of Serbia">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTSH" title="RTSH">RTSH</a></li> <li>RTT <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Tunisienne" title="Radio Tunisienne">RT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Tunisienne" title="Télévision Tunisienne">TT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Andorra" title="Radio and Television of Andorra">RTVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVE" title="RTVE">RTVE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España">RNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">TVE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelevizija_Slovenija" title="Radiotelevizija Slovenija">RTVSLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%9AV" title="RÚV">RÚV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_RTV" title="San Marino RTV">SMRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNRT" title="SNRT">SNRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Swiss Broadcasting Corporation">SRG SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Management_for_SR,_SVT,_and_UR" title="Foundation Management for SR, SVT, and UR">SRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Radio" title="Sveriges Radio">SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Television" title="Sveriges Television">SVT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Educational_Broadcasting_Company" title="Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company">UR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Television_and_Radio" title="Slovak Television and Radio">STVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspilne" title="Suspilne">SU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9diffusion_d%27Alg%C3%A9rie" title="Télédiffusion d'Algérie">TDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9_Liban" title="Télé Liban">TL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleradio-Moldova" title="Teleradio-Moldova">TRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Turkish Radio and Television Corporation">TRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVMonaco" title="TVMonaco">TVM</a> <i><abbr title="Monaco">(MC)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV 2 (Denmark)">TV 2</a> <i><abbr title="Denmark">(DK)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_Group" title="TV 2 Group">TV 2</a> <i><abbr title="Norway">(NO)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telewizja_Polska" title="Telewizja Polska">TVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVR_(TV_network)" title="TVR (TV network)">TVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">UKIB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">C4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">STV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRT_(broadcaster)" title="VRT (broadcaster)">VRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZDF" title="ZDF">ZDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Suspended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belteleradio" title="Belteleradio">BTRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">C1R</a></li> <li>RDO <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Mayak" title="Radio Mayak">MK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Orpheus" title="Radio Orpheus">OP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russia_State_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company">VGTRK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antena_3_Radio" title="Antena 3 Radio">A3R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(French_TV_channel)" title="Canal+ (French TV channel)">C+</a></li> <li>C1O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_COPE" title="Cadena COPE">COPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiocentre" title="Radiocentre">CRCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television#1953–1992:_Czechoslovak_Television" title="Czech Television">ČST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1">E1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERTT" title="ERTT">ERTT</a></li> <li>GRMC <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RMC_(France)" title="RMC (France)">RMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMC_(TV_channel)" title="TMC (TV channel)">TMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Independent Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <i><abbr title="United Kingdom">(GB)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Israel Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <i><abbr title="Israel">(IL)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_Authority" title="Independent Television Authority">ITA</a></li> <li>ITCA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Radio_Television" title="Yugoslav Radio Television">JRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Jamahiriya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting Corporation">LJBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Malta" title="Television in Malta">MBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_R%C3%A1di%C3%B3" title="Magyar Rádió">MR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV3" title="MTV3">MTV</a> <i><abbr title="Finland">(FI)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_Telev%C3%ADzi%C3%B3" title="Magyar Televízió">MTV</a> <i><abbr title="Hungary">(HU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hellenic_Radio,_Internet_and_Television" title="New Hellenic Radio, Internet and Television">NERIT</a></li> <li>OFRT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_de_Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française">ORTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française">RTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Slovakia" title="Radio and Television of Slovakia">RTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_SER" title="Cadena SER">SER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%BD_rozhlas" title="Slovenský rozhlas">SRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%A1_telev%C3%ADzia" title="Slovenská televízia">STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDF_Group" title="TDF Group">TDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TF1" title="TF1">TF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La7" title="La7">TMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV4_(Swedish_TV_channel)" title="TV4 (Swedish TV channel)">TV4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udru%C5%BEenje_javnih_radija_i_televizija" title="Udruženje javnih radija i televizija">UJRT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate<br /> members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC</a> <i><abbr title="Australia">(AU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> <i><abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></i></li> <li>ACORAB</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">APM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_13_(Chilean_TV_network)" title="Canal 13 (Chilean TV network)">C13</a> <i><abbr title="Chile">(CL)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC/SRC</a> <i><abbr title="Canada">(CA)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">CMG</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CCTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">CGTN</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">CNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">CRI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Padre_Anchieta" title="Fundação Padre Anchieta">FPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeTV_Australia" title="FreeTV Australia">Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Institute_of_Radio_and_Television" title="Cuban Institute of Radio and Television">ICRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Broadcasting" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting">IRIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabar_Agency" title="Khabar Agency">KA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Broadcasting_System" title="Korean Broadcasting System">KBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="Mauritius">(MU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Television" title="Bangladesh Television">NBAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Organization_of_Radio_and_TV_(Syria)" title="General Organization of Radio and TV (Syria)">ORTAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Oman_Television" title="Sultanate of Oman Television">PART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustavi_2" title="Rustavi 2">RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">RNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Televisyen_Malaysia" title="Radio Televisyen Malaysia">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">SBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Media_Group" title="Shanghai Media Group">SMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBS_Holdings" title="TBS Holdings">TBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imedi_Media_Holding" title="Imedi Media Holding">TEME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVNZ" title="TVNZ">TVNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFMT" title="WFMT">WFMT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teleamazonas" title="Teleamazonas">4TA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABERT" title="ABERT">ABERT</a></li> <li>AFMN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">AIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="América Televisión">AMÉRICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Asahi" title="TV Asahi">ANB</a></li> <li>ATEC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Television" title="Asia Television">ATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNS-TV" title="ZNS-TV">BCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_P%C3%BAblica" title="Televisión Pública">C7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teledoce" title="Teledoce">C12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Trece" title="El Trece">C13</a> <i><abbr title="Argentina">(AR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <i><abbr title="Barbados">(BB)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <i><abbr title="Sri Lanka">(LK)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azteca_Uno" title="Azteca Uno">CMRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">CPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A1rios_Associados" title="Diários Associados">DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">EBC</a></li> <li>EMI</li> <li>EURT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Television" title="Fuji Television">FTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Ghana Broadcasting Corporation">GBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Communications_Network,_Guyana" title="National Communications Network, Guyana">GBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Globo" title="TV Globo">GLOBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia_Radio_%26_Television_Service" title="Gambia Radio & Television Service">GRTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Broadcasting_Bureau" title="International Broadcasting Bureau">IBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inravisi%C3%B3n" title="Inravisión">IRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation">JBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeem_TV" title="Jeem TV">JCC</a></li> <li>IBTE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Television" title="Kuwait Television">KBTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaallit_Nunaata_Radioa" title="Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa">KNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia_Broadcasting_System" title="Liberia Broadcasting System">LBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Malawi Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="Malawi">(MW)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="South Korea">(KR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Broadcasting_System" title="Mainichi Broadcasting System">MBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Radio" title="Minnesota Public Radio">MPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Consortium" title="Japan Consortium">NACB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Educational_Broadcasters" title="National Association of Educational Broadcasters">NAEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Radio_Corporation_of_Nigeria" title="Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="Nigeria">(NG)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Corporation_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="National Broadcasting Corporation of Papua New Guinea">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="Papua New Guinea">(PNG)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Television" title="National Educational Television">NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Nippon TV">NTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Television" title="Nepal Television">NTVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Radio" title="New York Public Radio">NYPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Radio_and_Television_of_Niger" title="Office of Radio and Television of Niger">ORTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamericana_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Panamericana Televisión">PANTEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation">PBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Television_Corporation" title="Pakistan Television Corporation">PTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Radio" title="Qatar Radio">QR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Television" title="Qatar Television">QTBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Caracas_Radio" title="Radio Caracas Radio">RCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCTV" title="RCTV">RCTV</a></li> <li>RD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rede_de_Emissoras_Independentes" title="Rede de Emissoras Independentes">REI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_Nacional" title="Rádio Nacional">RN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Nationale_Tchadienne" title="Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne">RNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Pakistan" title="Radio Pakistan">RP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Republik_Indonesia" title="Radio Republik Indonesia">RRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Congolaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Congolaise">RTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Gabonaise" title="Radio Télévision Gabonaise">RTG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Television_Ivoirienne" title="Radiodiffusion Television Ivoirienne">RTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Malagasy" title="Télévision Malagasy">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9galaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_du_Burkina" title="Radio Télévision du Burkina">RTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC" title="SABC">SABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Saudi Broadcasting Authority">SABTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">SLBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_TV" title="Sudan TV">STS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latina_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Latina Televisión">T2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation">TBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico#1968-70:_Telecadena_Mexicana" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_FM" title="Tokyo FM">TFM/JOAU-FM</a></li> <li>TH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Life_Television" title="Time Life Television">TIME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesistema_Mexicano" title="Telesistema Mexicano">TSM</a></li> <li>TSN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisa" title="Televisa">TVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVB" title="TVB">TVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_of_Mauritania" title="Television of Mauritania">TVM</a> <i><abbr title="Mauritania">(MR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Chile" title="Televisión Nacional de Chile">TVN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVRI" title="TVRI">TVRI</a></li> <li>UAERTVD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Information_Agency" title="United States Information Agency">USIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Kenya Broadcasting Corporation">VK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezolana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Venezolana de Televisión">VV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_nationale_congolaise" title="Radio-Télévision nationale congolaise">VZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WGBH_Educational_Foundation" title="WGBH Educational Foundation">WGBH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation">ZBC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approved<br />participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalunya_R%C3%A0dio" title="Catalunya Ràdio">CAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellnex" title="Cellnex">Cellnex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_l%27audiovisuel" title="Institut national de l'audiovisuel">INA</a></li> <li>JPMRD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Vojvodina" title="Radio Television of Vojvodina">RTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV5Monde" title="TV5Monde">TV5Monde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abertis" title="Abertis">Abertis</a></li> <li>AH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Educational_Television" title="Israeli Educational Television">IETV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBC_Group" title="MBC Group">MEBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retevisi%C3%B3n" title="Retevisión">RETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Network" title="Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network">RTRN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentech" title="Sentech">SNTC</a></li> <li>URTI</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207936#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207936#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207936#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121649376">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/136460810">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/167946181">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Zhongyang-Dianshitai"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/10001619-4">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2005034405">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15612616m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15612616m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35113172">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Zhong yang dian shi tai (Peking, Čína)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0132054&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/13024371">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007605228605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA14111972?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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