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href="https://www.sci.news/author/scinews">News Staff</a> </div> </div> <div class="single-pagi"> <div class="prev-nav"> <a href="https://www.sci.news/physics/proton-force-map-13693.html">« Previous </a></div> | <div class="next-nav"> </div> <div class="cb"></div> </div> <div class="cb"></div> </div> </header> <section> <div id="single-heading-content">  <div class="single-right"> <article id="post-103386" class="post-103386 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-physics tag-atlas tag-boson tag-cern tag-decay tag-electron tag-lhc tag-muon tag-neutrino tag-standard-model tag-w-boson tag-weak-force tag-z-boson"> <div class="entry-content"> <p><strong>Physicists with the <a href="https://atlas.cern" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ATLAS Collaboration</a> at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider have announced the first observation of VVZ production — a rare combination of three massive vector bosons.</strong></p> <div id="attachment_103387" style="width: 590px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://cdn.sci.news/images/enlarge12/image_13708e-VVZ-Production.jpg"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-103387" class="wp-image-103387 size-full" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2025/02/image_13708-VVZ-Production.jpg" alt="A three-vector-boson event recorded by ATLAS, with one W boson decaying to an electron and a neutrino, one W boson decaying to a muon and a neutrino, and a Z boson decaying to two muons; muons are shown by red lines, the electron by a green line, and ‘missing energy’ from the neutrino by a dashed white line. Image credit: ATLAS / CERN." width="580" height="383" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2025/02/image_13708-VVZ-Production.jpg 580w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2025/02/image_13708-VVZ-Production-300x198.jpg 300w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2025/02/image_13708-VVZ-Production-84x55.jpg 84w" sizes="(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-103387" class="wp-caption-text">A three-vector-boson event recorded by ATLAS, with one W boson decaying to an electron and a neutrino, one W boson decaying to a muon and a neutrino, and a Z boson decaying to two muons; muons are shown by red lines, the electron by a green line, and ‘missing energy’ from the neutrino by a dashed white line. Image credit: ATLAS / CERN.</p></div> <p>As the carriers of the weak force, the W and Z bosons are central to the Standard Model of particle physics.</p> <p>Precise measurements of multi-boson production processes provide an excellent test of the Standard Model and could shed light on new physics phenomena.</p> <p>“The production of three vector (V) bosons is a very rare process at the LHC,” said Dr. Fabio Cerutti, ATLAS physics coordinator.</p> <p>“Its measurement provides information on the interactions among multiple bosons, which are linked to underlying symmetries of the Standard Model.”</p> <p>“This is a powerful tool for uncovering new physics phenomena, such as new, undiscovered particles that are too heavy to be directly produced at the LHC.”</p> <p>The ATLAS team observed VVZ production with a statistical significance of 6.4 standard deviations, surpassing the five standard deviation threshold needed to claim observation.</p> <p>The observation extends previous results from the ATLAS and CMS collaborations, including the observation of VVV production by CMS and the observation of WWW production by ATLAS.</p> <p>As some of the heaviest known particles, the W and Z bosons can decay in a myriad of different ways.</p> <p>In the new study, the ATLAS physicists focused on seven decay channels with the highest discovery potential.</p> <p>These channels were further refined using a machine-learning technique called boosted decision trees, with algorithms trained for each channel to identify the sought-after signal.</p> <p>By combining the decay channels, the researchers were able to observe VVZ production and set limits on contributions from new-physics phenomena to the signal.</p> <p>“The resulting limits confirm the validity of the Standard Model and are in line with previous results on the production of three vector bosons,” they said.</p> <p>“As we analyze larger data sets from the LHC’s third run and the upcoming HL-LHC, we will further refine our measurements of the production of three vector bosons — deepening our understanding of these fundamental particles and their role in the Universe.”</p> <p>The team’s <a href="https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2020-08/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">results</a> will be published in the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/physics-letters-b" target="_blank" rel="noopener">journal <em>Physics Letters B</em></a>.</p> <p><span style="color: #808080;">_____</span></p> <p><span style="color: #808080;">ATLAS Collaboration. 2025. Observation of VVZ production at s√=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector. <em>Phys. Lett. B</em>, in press; arXiv: 2412.15123</span></p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="single-left"> <div class="postedby"> Published in </div> <div class="single-category"><ul class="post-categories"> <li><a href="https://www.sci.news/news/physics" >Physics</a></li></ul></div> <div class="postedby2"> <div class="postedby"> Tagged as </div></div> <div class="single-tags"> <a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/atlas" rel="tag">ATLAS</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/boson" rel="tag">Boson</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/cern" rel="tag">CERN</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/decay" rel="tag">Decay</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/electron" rel="tag">Electron</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/lhc" rel="tag">LHC</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/muon" rel="tag">Muon</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/neutrino" rel="tag">Neutrino</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/standard-model" rel="tag">Standard Model</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/w-boson" rel="tag">W boson</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/weak-force" rel="tag">Weak force</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/z-boson" rel="tag">Z boson</a></div> <div class="postedby3"></div> <div class="postedby3"></div> <div class="single-related"> <div class="postedby">You Might Like </div> <div class="related"> <div class="relatedpost"> <a href="https://www.sci.news/physics/proton-force-map-13693.html"><img width="104" height="75" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2025/02/image_13693-Proton-Map-104x75.jpg" class="attachment-secondpostimg size-secondpostimg wp-post-image" alt="Distribution of the color-Lorentz force acting on an unpolarized up quark in the transverse plane (indicated by the vector field) superimposed on the up quark density distribution in impact-parameter space for an unpolarized proton. 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