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href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Francia rootpage-Francia skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Irez a kontenajo</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retopagino"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Chef-menuo" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Chef-menuo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Chef-menuo</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">movar a latera panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">celez</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigado </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Frontispico" title="Vizitez la chefpagino [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Chefpagino</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Komuneso-portalo" title="Pri la projeto, quon vu facus, ube trovus utilaji"><span>Portalo di la komunitato</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Aktualaji" title="Trovez informi pri nuna eventi"><span>Aktualajo</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:RecentaChanji" title="Listo di recenta chanji en la wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recenta chanji</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:HazardaPagino" title="Vizitez hazarda pagino [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Pagino hazarde</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Helpo" title="La loko por trovar ulo."><span>Helpo</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Frontispico" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedio" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-io.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="La Libera Enciklopedio" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-io.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specala:Serchar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Serchar en Wikipedio [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Serchuro</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Serchez en Wikipedio" aria-label="Serchez en Wikipedio" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Serchar en Wikipedio [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specala:Serchar"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Serchez</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personala utensili"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspekto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspekto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_io.wikipedia.org&uselang=io" class=""><span>Donacaji</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:KrearKonto&returnto=Francia" title="Vu stimulesas a krear konto e facar "log in". Tamen, to ne esas obliganta" class=""><span>Krear konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:Enirar&returnto=Francia" title="Vu darfas enirar uzante vua pas-vorto, ma lo ne esas preskriptata. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Enirar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Plusa selekti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personala utensili" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personala utensili</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="Uzero-menuo" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_io.wikipedia.org&uselang=io"><span>Donacaji</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Kontributar</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:KrearKonto&returnto=Francia" title="Vu stimulesas a krear konto e facar "log in". Tamen, to ne esas obliganta"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Krear konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:Enirar&returnto=Francia" title="Vu darfas enirar uzante vua pas-vorto, ma lo ne esas preskriptata. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Enirar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagini por redakteri neenrejistrita <a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enkonduko" aria-label="Savez pluse pri quale redaktar"><span>lernez pluse</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:MeaDiskuti" title="Diskuto pri redakti de ca IP-adreso [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Debatar per ca IP-adreso</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retopagino"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kontenajo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kontenajo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">movar a latera panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">celez</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Komenco dil artiklo</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historio</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historio-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Baskuli Historio subsekcio</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistorio,_protohistorio_ed_antiqueso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistorio,_protohistorio_ed_antiqueso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prehistorio, protohistorio ed antiqueso</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistorio,_protohistorio_ed_antiqueso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rejio_Francia_dum_Mezepoko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rejio_Francia_dum_Mezepoko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Rejio Francia dum Mezepoko</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rejio_Francia_dum_Mezepoko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renesanco_ed_Absolutismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renesanco_ed_Absolutismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Renesanco ed Absolutismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renesanco_ed_Absolutismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'epoko_di_la_revolucioni_(1789_til_la_frua_20ma_yarcento)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'epoko_di_la_revolucioni_(1789_til_la_frua_20ma_yarcento)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>L'epoko di la revolucioni (1789 til la frua 20ma yarcento)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'epoko_di_la_revolucioni_(1789_til_la_frua_20ma_yarcento)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Francia_e_la_du_mondomiliti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Francia_e_la_du_mondomiliti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Francia e la du mondomiliti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Francia_e_la_du_mondomiliti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Depos_la_liberigo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depos_la_liberigo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Depos la liberigo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Depos_la_liberigo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politiko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politiko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Politiko</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politiko-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Baskuli Politiko subsekcio</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politiko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Organizo_di_povi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizo_di_povi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Organizo di povi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizo_di_povi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teritoriala_subdivido_e_descentraligo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teritoriala_subdivido_e_descentraligo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Teritoriala subdivido e descentraligo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teritoriala_subdivido_e_descentraligo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Francia_transmara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Francia_transmara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Francia transmara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Francia_transmara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politiko,_partisi_ed_elekti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politiko,_partisi_ed_elekti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Politiko, partisi ed elekti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politiko,_partisi_ed_elekti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publika_financi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publika_financi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Publika financi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publika_financi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sociala_sekureso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sociala_sekureso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Sociala sekureso</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sociala_sekureso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defenso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defenso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Defenso</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defenso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partopreno_en_internaciona_organizuri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partopreno_en_internaciona_organizuri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Partopreno en internaciona organizuri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partopreno_en_internaciona_organizuri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politiko_exterlanda_e_diplomaco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politiko_exterlanda_e_diplomaco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Politiko exterlanda e diplomaco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politiko_exterlanda_e_diplomaco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republikala_simboli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republikala_simboli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Republikala simboli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republikala_simboli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geografio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teritorial_organizado" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teritorial_organizado"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Teritorial organizado</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Teritorial_organizado-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Baskuli Teritorial organizado subsekcio</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Teritorial_organizado-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maxim_granda_urbi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maxim_granda_urbi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Maxim granda urbi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maxim_granda_urbi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ekonomio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demografio</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografio-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Baskuli Demografio subsekcio</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Enmigro,_stranjeri_e_minoritati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enmigro,_stranjeri_e_minoritati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Enmigro, stranjeri e minoritati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enmigro,_stranjeri_e_minoritati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eduko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eduko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Eduko</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eduko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saneso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saneso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Saneso</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saneso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Informomoyeni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Informomoyeni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Informomoyeni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Informomoyeni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sporto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sporto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Sporto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sporto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partopreno_en_sindikati_ed_en_politikala_partisi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partopreno_en_sindikati_ed_en_politikala_partisi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Partopreno en sindikati ed en politikala partisi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partopreno_en_sindikati_ed_en_politikala_partisi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kulturo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kulturo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kulturo</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kulturo-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Baskuli Kulturo subsekcio</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kulturo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arkitekturala_patrimonio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arkitekturala_patrimonio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Arkitekturala patrimonio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arkitekturala_patrimonio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Konstrukturi_judikata_kom_Patrimonii_de_la_Homaro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konstrukturi_judikata_kom_Patrimonii_de_la_Homaro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Konstrukturi judikata kom Patrimonii de la Homaro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konstrukturi_judikata_kom_Patrimonii_de_la_Homaro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konstrukturi_di_historiala_interesto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konstrukturi_di_historiala_interesto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Konstrukturi di historiala interesto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konstrukturi_di_historiala_interesto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artala_patrimonio_e_kultural_eventaji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artala_patrimonio_e_kultural_eventaji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Artala patrimonio e kultural eventaji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artala_patrimonio_e_kultural_eventaji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literaturo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literaturo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Literaturo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literaturo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ciencala_tradiciono" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ciencala_tradiciono"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Ciencala tradiciono</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ciencala_tradiciono-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gastronomio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastronomio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Gastronomio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastronomio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extera_ligili" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extera_ligili"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Extera ligili</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extera_ligili-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kontenajo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Francia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 309 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-309" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">309 Lingui</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Франциа — abĥaza" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Франциа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abĥaza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peurancih" title="Peurancih — aĉea" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Peurancih" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="aĉea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Францие — adigea" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Францие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikli di qualeso"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk — afrikansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Frankryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich — svisgermana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="svisgermana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%88%E1%88%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%88%A3%E1%8B%AD" title="ፈረንሣይ — amhara" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፈረንሣይ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — aragona" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francland" title="Francland — Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Francland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furans" title="Furans — Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Furans" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रांस — angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="فرنسا — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرنسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%A2%DC%A3%DC%90" title="ܦܪܢܣܐ — Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܪܢܣܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="فرانسا — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فرانسا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="فرنسا — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرنسا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="ফ্ৰান্স — asama" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ফ্ৰান্স" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — atikameka" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikameka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Паранс — avara" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Паранс" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca" title="Franca — Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Franca" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रांस — avadhia" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phransiya" title="Phransiya — ajmara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Phransiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ajmara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa — azerbajĝana" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajĝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="فرانسه — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция — baŝkira" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baŝkira" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis — balia" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABz%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Prancūzėjė — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Prancūzėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paransis" title="Paransis — Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Paransis" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransya" title="Pransya — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pransya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Францыя — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Францыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Францыя — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Францыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasman" title="Prasman — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Prasman" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रांस — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franis" title="Franis — bislamo" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Franis" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislamo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parancis" title="Parancis — Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Parancis" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ပိဉ်တိစ်ခမ်းထီ — Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပိဉ်တိစ်ခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A0ransi" title="Fàransi — bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Fàransi" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="ফ্রান্স — bengala" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রান্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%A5%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧྥ་རན་སི། — tibeta" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧྥ་རན་སི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibeta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="ফ্রান্স — Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ফ্রান্স" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro-C%27hall" title="Bro-C'hall — bretona" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bro-C'hall" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska — bosna" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Francuska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis — Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%99%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%8C%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%94" title="ᨄᨙᨑᨊᨌᨗᨔ — buĝia" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨄᨙᨑᨊᨌᨗᨔ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="buĝia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Франци — Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Франци" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="França" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1k-gu%C3%B3k" title="Huák-guók — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huák-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Франци — ĉeĉena" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Франци" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ĉeĉena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikli di qualeso"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya — cebua" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pransiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — ĉamora" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="ĉamora" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B8%E1%8F%A5%E1%8F%B1" title="ᎦᎸᏥᏱ — ĉeroka" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᎸᏥᏱ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="ĉeroka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — ĉejena" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="ĉejena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="فەڕەنسا — sorana" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فەڕەنسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenkistan" title="Frenkistan — Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Frenkistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francie" title="Francie — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%ABj%C3%B4" title="Francëjô — Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Francëjô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Франкїꙗ — malnovslava" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Франкїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="malnovslava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Франци — ĉuvaŝa" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Франци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ĉuvaŝa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffrainc" title="Ffrainc — kimra" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffrainc" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrig" title="Frankrig — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frankrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francojska" title="Francojska — malsuprasoraba" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Francojska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="malsuprasoraba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis — Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रान्स — Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%AD%DE%90%DE%A8%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="ފަރަންސޭސިވިލާތް — maldiva" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފަރަންސޭސިވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maldiva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B" title="ཕརཱནསི་ — dzonko" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཕརཱནསི་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzonko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans — evea" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="evea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γαλλία — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαλλία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franza" title="Franza — Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Franza" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="leginda artikolo"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francio" title="Francio — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Francio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsusmaa" title="Prantsusmaa — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prantsusmaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frantzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="فرانسه — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farayse" title="Farayse — fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Farayse" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="leginda artikolo"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranska" title="Ranska — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranska" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsusmaa" title="Prantsusmaa — Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Prantsusmaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanise" title="Varanise — fiĝia" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Varanise" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fiĝia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frakland" title="Frakland — feroa" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Frakland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flans%C3%A9t%C3%B2" title="Flansétò — fonua" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Flansétò" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="fonua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikli di qualeso"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A5nkrik" title="Frånkrik — nord-frisa" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Frånkrik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nord-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — friula" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk — okcident-frisa" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Frankryk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="okcident-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Fhrainc" title="An Fhrainc — irlanda" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Fhrainc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C5%A3iya" title="Franţiya — Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Franţiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國 — Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="法國" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafrans" title="Lafrans — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lafrans" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Fhraing" title="An Fhraing — skot-gaela" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Fhraing" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skot-gaela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="فرانسه — Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%C3%A3sia" title="Hyãsia — gvarania" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hyãsia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvarania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रांस — Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 — Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8" title="ફ્રાન્સ — guĝarata" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ફ્રાન્સ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guĝarata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikli di qualeso"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Rank" title="Yn Rank — manksa" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Rank" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransa" title="Faransa — haŭsa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Faransa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haŭsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikli di qualeso"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fap-koet" title="Fap-koet — Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fap-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palani" title="Palani — havaja" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Palani" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA" title="צרפת — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צרפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ़्रान्स — hinda" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़्रान्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Francuska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francoska" title="Francoska — suprasoraba" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Francoska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="suprasoraba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans — haitia kreola" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitia kreola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciaorsz%C3%A1g" title="Franciaország — hungara" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Franciaország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikli di qualeso"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ֆրանսիա — armena" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանսիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1" title="Ֆրանսա — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ֆրանսա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — Interlingvao" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingvao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranchis" title="Peranchis — ibana" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Peranchis" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — Interlingveo" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingveo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — igba" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransia" title="Pransia — iloka" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pransia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Фаьренгехье — inguŝa" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Фаьренгехье" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguŝa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="leginda artikolo"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frakkland" title="Frakkland — islanda" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frakkland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%95%97%E1%95%8C%E1%93%90%E1%94%85" title="ᕗᕌᓐᔅ — inuita" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᕗᕌᓐᔅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="フランス — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/fasygu%27e" title="fasygu'e — Loĵbano" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="fasygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Loĵbano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis — java" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="java" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="საფრანგეთი — kartvela" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საფრანგეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="kartvela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciya" title="Franciya — Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Franciya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa — kabila" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Фрэндж — kabarda" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Фрэндж" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabarda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C9%A9%C9%A9" title="Fransɩɩ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Fransɩɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%CC%B1ransa_(a%CC%B1byin)" title="Fi̱ransa (a̱byin) — Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Fi̱ransa (a̱byin)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fwalansa" title="Fwalansa — Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Fwalansa" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baranja" title="Baranja — kikuja" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Baranja" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция — kazaĥa" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" title="បារាំង — kmera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បារាំង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ — kanara" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4" title="프랑스 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Франс — Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Франс" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция — karaĉaj-balkara" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaĉaj-balkara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%9B%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%B3" title="فرٛانٛس — kaŝmira" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="فرٛانٛس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaŝmira" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich — kolonja" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kolonja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa — kurda" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Прансузму — komia" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Прансузму" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Frynk" title="Pow Frynk — kornvala" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Frynk" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornvala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция — kirgiza" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikli di qualeso"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia — judhispana" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="judhispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankr%C3%A4ich" title="Frankräich — luksemburga" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Frankräich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция — lezga" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bufalansa" title="Bufalansa — ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Bufalansa" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek — limburga" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franzia" title="Franzia — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Franzia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A0ncia" title="Frància — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Frància" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falansia" title="Falansia — lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Falansia" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87" title="ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ — laŭa" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laŭa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="leginda artikolo"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABzija" title="Prancūzija — litova" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prancūzija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C5%86ceja" title="Praņceja — Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Praņceja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francija" title="Francija — latva" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Francija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis — madura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रान्स — majtila" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="majtila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis — Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Кранцмастор — mokŝa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кранцмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokŝa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantsa" title="Frantsa — malagasa" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Frantsa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Франций — Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Франций" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%ABw%C4%AB" title="Wīwī — maoria" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Wīwī" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parancih" title="Parancih — minankabaŭa" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Parancih" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minankabaŭa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Франција — makedona" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Франција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഫ്രാൻസ് — malajalama" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രാൻസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Франц — mongola" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Франц" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%81" title="ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁ — manipura" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रान्स — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franza" title="Franza — malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Franza" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A1ncia" title="Fráncia — miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Fráncia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ပြင်သစ်နိုင်ငံ — birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပြင်သစ်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Франция Мастор — erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Франция Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="فرانسه — mazandarana" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franza" title="Franza — napola" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Franza" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek — platgermana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="platgermana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek — Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रान्स — nepala" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रान्स — nevara" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrijk" title="Frankrijk — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frankrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia — Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9D%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%99%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%AC%DF%9B%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫ — N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunce" title="Fraunce — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Fraunce" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fora" title="Fora — nord-sota" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Fora" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="nord-sota" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1%C3%A1ghahii_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Dáághahii Dineʼé Bikéyah — navaha" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dáághahii Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — njanĝa" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="njanĝa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França — okcitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="França" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantsii" title="Frantsii — Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Frantsii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firaansi" title="Firaansi — oroma" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Firaansi" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oroma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Франц — oseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Франц" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="oseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8" title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸ — panĝaba" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panĝaba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia — pangasina" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya — pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Pransiya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia — Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franche" title="Franche — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Franche" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich — Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich — Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रांस — Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans — Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francja" title="Francja — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Francja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="فرانس — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γαλλία — Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Γαλλία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="فرانسه — paŝtua" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paŝtua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikli di qualeso"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="França" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ransiya" title="Ransiya — keĉua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ransiya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keĉua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantscha" title="Frantscha — romanĉa" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Frantscha" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanĉa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchiya" title="Franchiya — Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Franchiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubufaransa" title="Ubufaransa — burunda" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ubufaransa" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="burunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikli di qualeso"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Franța" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A2n%C8%9Bie" title="Frânție — arumana" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Frânție" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frange" title="Frange — Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Frange" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Франція — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Франція" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubufaransa" title="Ubufaransa — ruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubufaransa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83" title="फ्रान्सदेशः — sanskrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="फ्रान्सदेशः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%B0" title="Быраансыйа — jakuta" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Быраансыйа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ — santala" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantza" title="Frantza — sarda" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Frantza" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — sicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunce" title="Fraunce — skota" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Fraunce" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skota" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="فرانس — sinda" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriika" title="Frankriika — nord-samea" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Frankriika" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nord-samea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far%C3%A2nzi" title="Farânzi — sangoa" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Farânzi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sangoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikli di qualeso"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska — serbo-Kroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francuska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-Kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%E1%B9%9Ban%E1%B9%A3a" title="Fṛanṣa — ŝelha" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Fṛanṣa" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ŝelha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BE%E1%80%9B%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B5%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="မိူင်းၾရၢင်ႇသဵတ်ႈ — ŝana" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၾရၢင်ႇသဵတ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="ŝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%BA" title="ප්‍රංශය — sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්‍රංශය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%BAzsko" title="Francúzsko — slovaka" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Francúzsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="فرانس — Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francija" title="Francija — slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Francija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farani" title="Farani — samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Farani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranska" title="Ranska — anar-samea" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ranska" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="anar-samea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furanzi" title="Furanzi — ŝona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Furanzi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ŝona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransiiska" title="Faransiiska — somala" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Faransiiska" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca" title="Franca — albana" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Franca" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Француска — serba" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Француска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franskondre" title="Franskondre — surinama" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Franskondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="surinama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFulansi" title="IFulansi — svazia" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IFulansi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="svazia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fora" title="Fora — sota" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Fora" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sota" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis — sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufaransa" title="Ufaransa — svahila" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ufaransa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francyj%C5%8F" title="Francyjŏ — silezi-pola" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Francyjŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silezi-pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="பிரான்சு — tamila" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரான்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఫ్రాన్స్ — telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫ్రాన్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa — tetuna" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetuna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Фаронса — taĝika" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фаронса" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taĝika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="ประเทศฝรั่งเศส — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%88%E1%88%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B3" title="ፈረንሳ — tigraja" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ፈረንሳ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigraja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransi%C3%BDa" title="Fransiýa — turkmena" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Fransiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya — tagaloga" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pransiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyr%C9%99ngyston" title="Fyrəngyston — Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Fyrəngyston" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fora" title="Fora — cvana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Fora" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="cvana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falanis%C4%93" title="Falanisē — tongana" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Falanisē" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frens" title="Frens — Tokpisino" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Frens" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tokpisino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — sedeka" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="sedeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furhwa" title="Furhwa — conga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Furhwa" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="conga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция — tatara" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far%C4%81ni" title="Farāni — tahitia" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Farāni" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция — tuva" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция — udmurta" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="فرانسىيە — ujgura" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="فرانسىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Франція — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Франція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="فرانس — urduo" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransiya" title="Fransiya — uzbeka" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fransiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francii" title="Francii — Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Francii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A1p" title="Pháp — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrankryk" title="Vrankryk — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Vrankryk" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%A4n" title="Fransän — Volapuko" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Fransän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — valona" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransya" title="Fransya — varaja" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fransya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraas" title="Faraas — volofa" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Faraas" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volofa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国 — vua" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Пранцсин Орн — kalmuka" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Пранцсин Орн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransi" title="Fransi — ksosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Fransi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="ksosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="საფრანგეთი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="საფრანგეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9A" title="פראנקרייך — jida" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פראנקרייך" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jida" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A1ns%C3%AC" title="Fránsì — joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Fránsì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazgoz" title="Fazgoz — ĝuanga" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Fazgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="ĝuanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek — Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%BC%E2%B5%95%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9A%E2%B4%B0" title="ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ — tamaziĥta maroka norma" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamaziĥta maroka norma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="法國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-kok" title="Hoat-kok — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國 — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFulansi" title="IFulansi — zulua" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IFulansi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q142#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redaktar la ligili ad altra lingui" class="wbc-editpage">Redaktar ligili</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomaro"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Vidar la kontenajo di ca pagino [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artiklo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debato:Francia&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuto pri la pagino di kontenajo (pagino ne existas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Debato</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifikar linguala varianto" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ido</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Apari"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Francia"><span>Lektar</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit" title="Redaktar ica pagino [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redaktar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit" title="Redaktar la fonto-kodexo di ca pagino [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redaktar fonto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=history" title="Pasinta versioni di ca pagino [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Kronologio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Utensili por pagini"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utensili" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utensili</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utensili</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">movar a latera panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">celez</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plusa selekti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Agadi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Francia"><span>Lektar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit" title="Redaktar ica pagino [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redaktar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit" title="Redaktar la fonto-kodexo di ca pagino [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redaktar fonto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=history"><span>Kronologio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ordinara </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:QuoLigasHike/Francia" title="Listo pri omna Wikipagini qui ligesas adhike [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Quo ligesas adhike?</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:RelatantaChanji/Francia" rel="nofollow" title="Recenta chanji di pagini ligita de ca pagino [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relatanta chanji</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=io" title="Adkargez arkivi [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Adkargar arkivo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:SpecalaPagini" title="Montrez listo di omna specala pagini [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specala pagini</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&oldid=1055147" title="Permananta ligilo vers ita versiono di ta pagino"><span>Permananta ligilo</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=info" title="Plusa informo pri ca pagino"><span>Informo pri ca pagino</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:Citar&page=Francia&id=1055147&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informo pri quale citar ica pagino"><span>Citar ca pagino</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fio.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrancia"><span>Obtenar kurta URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fio.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrancia"><span>Descharjar QR-kodexo</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimar/exportacar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Francia"><span>Kreez libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:DownloadAsPdf&page=Francia&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargar quale PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&printable=yes" title="Imprimebla versiono di ca pagino [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Imprimebla versiono</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altra projeti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/France" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q142" title="Ligilo ad arkivo de la datumaro [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Redakto en Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Utensili por pagini"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspekto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">movar a latera panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">celez</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedio</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="io" dir="ltr"><table style="background-color:#f8f8f8;border:1px solid #dedede;padding:5px" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#dedede" style="font-size:90%" colspan="3" align="center"><big><b>Francia</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#dedede" style="font-size:90%" colspan="3" align="center"><big><b>République Française</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" width="150px"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Flag_of_France_(1794%E2%80%931815,_1830%E2%80%931974,_2020%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_France_%281794%E2%80%931815%2C_1830%E2%80%931974%2C_2020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/140px-Flag_of_France_%281794%E2%80%931815%2C_1830%E2%80%931974%2C_2020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_France_%281794%E2%80%931815%2C_1830%E2%80%931974%2C_2020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/210px-Flag_of_France_%281794%E2%80%931815%2C_1830%E2%80%931974%2C_2020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_France_%281794%E2%80%931815%2C_1830%E2%80%931974%2C_2020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/280px-Flag_of_France_%281794%E2%80%931815%2C_1830%E2%80%931974%2C_2020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center" width="150px"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/80px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/120px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/160px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="199" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="font-size:75%"><a href="/wiki/Standardo" title="Standardo">Standardo</a> di Francia </td> <td align="center" style="font-size:75%"><a href="/wiki/Blazono" title="Blazono">Blazono</a> di Francia </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="3" align="center"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionala_devizo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nacionala devizo (pagino ne existas)">Nacionala devizo</a>:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:90%" colspan="3" align="center">"Liberté, égalité, fraternité" (<a href="/wiki/Franca" class="mw-redirect" title="Franca">Franca</a>)<br />"Libereso, egaleso, frateso" </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="3" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Nacionala_himno" title="Nacionala himno">Nacionala himno</a>:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:90%" colspan="3" align="center">"La Marseillaise"<br />"La Marseilleanino" </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="3" align="center"><div style="padding-top:0.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="80" data-mwtitle="La_Marseillaise.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/La_Marseillaise.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/La_Marseillaise.ogg/La_Marseillaise.ogg.mp3" 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh-hk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-HK" label="中文（香港） ‪(zh-hk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:90%" colspan="3" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Mapadefrancia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Mapadefrancia.svg/275px-Mapadefrancia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Mapadefrancia.svg/413px-Mapadefrancia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Mapadefrancia.svg/550px-Mapadefrancia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2132" data-file-height="2394" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:14px;border-bottom:2px solid #dedede;text-align:left" colspan="3"><div class="center"><b>Urbi:</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b><a href="/wiki/Chefurbo" class="mw-redirect" title="Chefurbo">Chefurbo</a>:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· Habitanti: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2">2 125 246 (1999) </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b>Precipua urbo:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:14px;border-bottom:2px solid #dedede;text-align:left" colspan="3"><div class="center"><b>Lingui:</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b>Oficala lingui:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Franca_linguo" title="Franca linguo">Franca</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b>Regionala lingui:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2">(Videz <a href="#Lingui">Lingui</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:14px;border-bottom:2px solid #dedede;text-align:left" colspan="3"><div class="center"><b>Etnii:</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b>· 85%</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blankano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blankano (pagino ne existas)">Blankano</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b>· 10%</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nord-Afrikano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nord-Afrikano (pagino ne existas)">Nord-Afrikano</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b>· 3.5%</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nigrano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nigrano (pagino ne existas)">Nigrano</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b>· 1.5%</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aziano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aziano (pagino ne existas)">Aziano</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:14px;border-bottom:2px solid #dedede;text-align:left" colspan="3"><div class="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Guvernerio" title="Guvernerio">Guvernerio</a>:</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b>Tipo:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unesala_stato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unesala stato (pagino ne existas)">Unesala stato</a>, miprezidantala, <a href="/wiki/Republiko" title="Republiko">Konstitucala republiko</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· <a href="/wiki/Listo_di_prezidanti_di_Francia" class="mw-redirect" title="Listo di prezidanti di Francia">Prezidanto</a>: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· <a href="/wiki/Listo_di_chefministri_di_Francia" class="mw-redirect" title="Listo di chefministri di Francia">Chefministro</a>: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Barnier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Barnier (pagino ne existas)">Michel Barnier</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%"><b><a href="/wiki/Legifantaro" title="Legifantaro">Legifantaro</a>:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento">Parlamento</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:14px;border-bottom:2px solid #dedede;text-align:left" colspan="3"><div class="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Historio_di_Francia" title="Historio di Francia">Historio</a>:</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unigo_di_rejio_Frankia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unigo di rejio Frankia (pagino ne existas)">unigo di rejio Frankia</a>: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/486" title="486">486</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakto_di_Verdun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pakto di Verdun (pagino ne existas)">Pakto di Verdun</a>: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Agosto" title="Agosto">agosto</a> <a href="/wiki/843" title="843">843</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· fondo di la <a href="/wiki/Republiko" title="Republiko">republiko</a>: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2ma_di_septembro" title="2ma di septembro">2ma di septembro</a> <a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· fondo di <a href="/w/index.php?title=EEK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EEK (pagino ne existas)">EEK</a>: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1ma_di_januaro" title="1ma di januaro">1ma di januaro</a> <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstituco_di_Francia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstituco di Francia (pagino ne existas)">Nuna konstituco</a>: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/4ma_di_oktobro" title="4ma di oktobro">4ma di oktobro</a> <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:14px;border-bottom:2px solid #dedede;text-align:left" colspan="3"><div class="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Surfaco" title="Surfaco">Surfaco</a>:</b> <i><small>(47<sup>ma</sup> maxim granda)</small></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· Totala: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2">551 695 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· Aquo: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2">0,26 % </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:14px;border-bottom:2px solid #dedede;text-align:left" colspan="3"><div class="center"><b>Habitanti:</b> <small><i>(21<sup>ma</sup> maxim granda)</i></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· Totala: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2">67 348 000 (2018) </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· <a href="/wiki/Denseso_di_habitantaro" title="Denseso di habitantaro">Denseso di habitantaro</a>: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2">115 hab./km² </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:14px;border-bottom:2px solid #dedede;text-align:left" colspan="3"><div class="center"><b>Plusa informi:</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b><a href="/wiki/Pekunio" title="Pekunio">Valuto</a>:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franko_CFP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franko CFP (pagino ne existas)">Franko CFP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· Abreviuro: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2"><code>EUR, XPF</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· Simbolo: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2"><code>€, F</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b><a href="/wiki/Horala_zono" title="Horala zono">Horala zono</a>:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2">CET (<a href="/wiki/UTC" title="UTC">UTC</a>+1) </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· <a href="/w/index.php?title=Somero_tempo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somero tempo (pagino ne existas)">Somero tempo</a>: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2">CEST (<a href="/wiki/UTC" title="UTC">UTC</a>+2) </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b>Dato-formato:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2">dd/mm/yyyy </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b>Veho-latero:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2">dextre </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b>Telefono-kodexo:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><code>+33</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b><a href="/wiki/Internacionala_Organizuro_por_Normizado" class="mw-redirect" title="Internacionala Organizuro por Normizado">ISO</a>:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><code>FR</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><code>FRA</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><code>250</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b>Reto-domeno:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/.fr" title=".fr">.fr</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933693" class="extiw" title="d:Q933693">.bzh</a><abbr title="Artiklo ne ja esas disponebla ye ca wiki">*</abbr>, <a href="/wiki/.re" title=".re">.re</a>, <a href="/wiki/.wf" title=".wf">.wf</a>, <a href="/wiki/.yt" title=".yt">.yt</a>, <a href="/wiki/.pm" title=".pm">.pm</a>, <a href="/wiki/.paris" title=".paris">.paris</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20571046" class="extiw" title="d:Q20571046">.alsace</a><abbr title="Artiklo ne ja esas disponebla ye ca wiki">*</abbr> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> <b>Francia</b>, en longa formo: <b>Republiko Franca</b> (<i>République française</i>), esas lando en westal <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> qua anke havas teritorii en altra kontinenti. Lua chef-urbo - e maxim populoza urbo - esas <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, kun 2 125 245 habitanti segun la <a href="/wiki/Demografiala_kontado" title="Demografiala kontado">demografiala kontado</a> di 1999. Havanta entote 68 084 217 habitanti segun statistiki por julio 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> inkluzite la habitantaro di transmara regioni, Francia esas developata lando, kun tre alta <a href="/wiki/Indexo_pri_homala_developeso" title="Indexo pri homala developeso">indexo pri homala developeso</a>. En la kontinento Europana, ol havas kom vicini <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a> ed <a href="/wiki/Andora" title="Andora">Andora</a> sude, <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suisia" title="Suisia">Suisia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> este, e <a href="/wiki/Luxemburgia" title="Luxemburgia">Luxemburgia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a> nord-este. Sude jacas <a href="/wiki/Mediteraneo" title="Mediteraneo">Mediteraneo</a> e la mikra-stato <a href="/wiki/Monako_(lando)" title="Monako (lando)">Monako</a>. Norde e weste jacas <a href="/wiki/Oceano_Atlantiko" title="Oceano Atlantiko">Oceano Atlantiko</a>. </p><p>Lua oficala linguo esas la <a href="/wiki/Franca_linguo" title="Franca linguo">Franca</a>, e lua valuto esas <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a>. Lua devizo esas <i>Liberté, égalité, fraternité</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ido" title="Ido">Ide</a>: <i>libereso, egaleso, frateso</i>), e lua standardo konsistas ek tri vertikala bendi en la kolori blua, blanka e reda. Lua himno esas <i>La Marseillaise</i> (<i>La Marseilleanino</i> en Ido). Lua moto eas <i>guvernado dil populo, dal populo e por la populo</i>. Francia esas <a href="/wiki/Republiko" title="Republiko">republiko</a> <a href="/wiki/Demokratio" title="Demokratio">demokratiala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstituco" title="Konstituco">konstitucala</a> ed unesala e havas miprezidantala rejimo. </p><p>Francia esas anciena lando, qua formacesis dum la fino di la <a href="/wiki/Mezepoko" title="Mezepoko">Mezepoko</a>. Del frua <a href="/wiki/17ma_yarcento" title="17ma yarcento">17ma yarcento</a> til l'unesma parto dil <a href="/wiki/20ma_yarcento" title="20ma yarcento">20ma yarcento</a>, Francia posedis vasta kolonial imperio. Pos la <a href="/wiki/Yari_1950a" title="Yari 1950a">yari 1950a</a> ol esis un ek la precipua landi qui suportis la konstrukto dil <a href="/wiki/Europana_Uniono" title="Europana Uniono">Europana Uniono</a>. Francia esas nukleara povo ed un ek la kin permananta membri di la <a href="/wiki/Sekureso-Konsilistaro_dil_Unionita_Nacioni" title="Sekureso-Konsilistaro dil Unionita Nacioni">Sekureso-Konsilistaro dil Unionita Nacioni</a>. Francia influabas decidigive la mondala historio per sua kulturala richeso, sua linguo e sua demokratiala, laika e republikala valori. </p><p>Francia okupis en <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a> la kinesma rango mondala segun totala nacionala produkturo ante imposti. Lua ekonomio, di <a href="/wiki/Kapitalismo" title="Kapitalismo">tipo kapitalista</a> kun sat forta statala interveno, igis lu un ek la maxim importanta en produktado di nutrivi, aeronautiko, automobilala industrio, luxoza produkturi, turismo e nukleara industrio. </p><p><b>Bazala fakti pri Francia.</b> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historio">Historio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redaktar seciono: Historio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=1" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Historio"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="margin-left:20px"> <tbody><tr> <td> <i>Precipua artiklo: <a href="/wiki/Historio_di_Francia" title="Historio di Francia">Historio di Francia</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin-left:20px"> <tbody><tr> <td> <i>Precipua artiklo: <a href="/wiki/Militala_historio_di_Francia" title="Militala historio di Francia">Militala historio di Francia</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Frontiere_francaise_985_1947_small.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Frontiere_francaise_985_1947_small.gif/280px-Frontiere_francaise_985_1947_small.gif" decoding="async" width="280" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Frontiere_francaise_985_1947_small.gif/420px-Frontiere_francaise_985_1947_small.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Frontiere_francaise_985_1947_small.gif 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>Evoluciono dil teritorio di metropolala Francia, de 985 til 1947.</figcaption></figure> <p>La vorto "Francia" devenas de Germana tribuo, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franki (pagino ne existas)">Franki</a>, atestita pos la 3ma yarcento advale dil dextra rivo di <a href="/wiki/Rheno" title="Rheno">Rheno</a>. Lua rejulo <a href="/wiki/Klodovecho_l%271ma" title="Klodovecho l'1ma">Klodovecho</a> pose lua filii konquestis, inter 481 e 535, preske la tota anciena Romana provinco Galia, qua equivalas la maxim granda parto dil teritorio di nuna Francia. La vorto "Francia" ne uzesis oficale til 1190, kande rejulo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_la_2ma_Auguste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe la 2ma Auguste (pagino ne existas)">Philippe Auguste</a> komencis uzar la nomo <i>rex Franciæ</i> (rejulo di Francia) vice <i>rex Francorum</i> (rejulo dil Franki) por indikar sua suvereneso. La vorto kustumale uzesis anke por nomizar teritorio klare definita, exemple en la poemo <i>Chanson de Roland</i>, skribita un yarcento ante lore. Depos junio <a href="/wiki/1205" title="1205">1205</a> la teritorio nomesis en mapi <i>regnum Franciæ</i> (rejio Francia). </p><p>Homala okupado dil teritorio di nuna Francia esas multe anciena. Multa populi unionesis a la grupi qui vivis en la regiono dum <a href="/wiki/Paleolitiko" title="Paleolitiko">Paleolitiko</a> e <a href="/wiki/Neolitiko" title="Neolitiko">Neolitiko</a>, sucedante: Kelti, e Germani (Franki, Vizigoti, Alamani, Ostrogoti e <a href="/wiki/Burgundia" title="Burgundia">Burgundiani</a>). Dum la komenco dil duesma yarmilo, monarko Huges Capet unigis Francia teritoriale. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/17ma_di_junio" title="17ma di junio">17ma di junio</a> <a href="/wiki/1789" title="1789">1789</a> judikesas kom la nasko di la sistemo reprezentala en Francia, e la nasko di la nuna stato Franca. To esis kande l'unesma <a href="/wiki/Konstituco" title="Konstituco">konstitucal asemblo</a> kunvokesis. Nun, la precipua sucii dil Stato Franca esas la linguistikala e kulturala unigo, richesko di la lando e l'enmigro veninta de altra Europana, Afrikana ed Aziana landi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistorio,_protohistorio_ed_antiqueso"><span id="Prehistorio.2C_protohistorio_ed_antiqueso"></span>Prehistorio, protohistorio ed antiqueso</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redaktar seciono: Prehistorio, protohistorio ed antiqueso" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=2" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Prehistorio, protohistorio ed antiqueso"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Homo_neanderthalensis" title="Homo neanderthalensis">Homi de Neanderthal</a> ja habitis la teritorio di Francia dum l'infra <a href="/wiki/Paleolitiko" title="Paleolitiko">paleolitiko</a>. La maxim anciena homala restaji trovita evas de 1,8 milion yari. Neanderthali transvivis en la regiono sub klimato ruda e variema, karakterizata da multa glacial epoki qui modifikis lua vivostando. </p><p>En Francia existas multa groti qui ornesis dum supra paleotiko, de qui la maxim famoza esas la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Groto_Lascaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Groto Lascaux (pagino ne existas)">groto Lascaux</a>, en Dordogne (de 18.000 aK, ja habitita dal <a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a>). </p><p>Cirkume 10.000 aK (fino di la lasta glacial epoko) la klimato mildeskis. Pos cirkume 7.000 aK, komencis <a href="/wiki/Neolitiko" title="Neolitiko">neolitiko</a> en ta parto di Westal Europa. Lua habitanti formacis kolonii, quankam la developeso di ta kolonii esis diferanta segun la regioni. Pos forta demografiala kresko e developo dil <a href="/wiki/Agrokultivo" title="Agrokultivo">agrokultivo</a> dum kelka yarmili, aparis <a href="/wiki/Metalurgio" title="Metalurgio">metalurgio</a> en la regiono dum la 3ma yarmilo aK. Komence esis metalurgio di <a href="/wiki/Oro" title="Oro">oro</a>, pose <a href="/wiki/Kupro" title="Kupro">kupro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronzo" title="Bronzo">bronzo</a> e, pos l'8ma yarcento aK, anke <a href="/wiki/Fero" title="Fero">fero</a>. </p><p>En 600 aK, <a href="/wiki/Anciena_Grekia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anciena Grekia">Greki</a> veninta del urbo Phocea fondis urbo <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> an la rivo di <a href="/wiki/Mediteraneo" title="Mediteraneo">Mediteraneo</a>. Dum la sam epoko kelka populi komencis okupar la nuna Francia, ma ta okupo difuzesis al tota teritorio erste inter la 5ma e la 3ma yarcenti aK. Aparis lore la nociono pri "<a href="/wiki/Galia" title="Galia">Galia</a>", korespondanta a teritorii habitita da Kelti, inkluzite inter Rheno, Atlantiko e Mediteraneo. <a href="/wiki/Galia" title="Galia">Galia</a> lor esis prosperanta regiono, e lua sudo recevis multa Greka e Roman influi. </p><p>Depos la yaro 125 aK, la sudo di Galia gradope konquestesis da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republiko_Romana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republiko Romana (pagino ne existas)">Republiko Romana</a>, qua fondis urbi <a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Provence" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> e <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>. En 58 aK, <a href="/wiki/Iulius_Caesar" title="Iulius Caesar">Iulius Caesar</a> konquestis impetuoze la cetera teritorii di <a href="/wiki/Galia" title="Galia">Galia</a> e vinkis revolto duktata dal Galiana chefo <a href="/wiki/Vercingetorix" title="Vercingetorix">Vercingetorix</a>, en 52 aK. La teritorii lore konquestita repartisesis da Augustus en non Romana provinci, de qui la precipui esas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Narbonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narbonia (pagino ne existas)">Narbonia</a> sude, Aquitania sud-weste, Lyonia centre, e Belgia norde. Multa urbi, exemple <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> - qua pose divenis chef-urbo di Galia - fondesis dum la periodo Galiana-Romana. Lyon konceptesis quale altra Romana urbi, kun forumo, teatro, cirko, amfiteatro e termi. Romana religio dominacis Galiana kulti ma ne tote desaparigis li: la deaji Galiana gradope kunfuzesis kun Romana deaji, en sinkretismo. </p><p>Dum la <a href="/wiki/3ma_yarcento" title="3ma yarcento">3ma yarcento</a>, Romana Galia subisis grava krizo. Le <i>limes</i>, sistemo di fortifikuri konstruktita an la frontieri por protektar l'imperio de Germana inkursi, subisis frequa invadi da barbari. Romana povo, dum ta epoko, semblis shancelanta: l'imperio dal Galiani proklamesis en 260, ed eskapis la Romana tutelo til 274. Tamen, la situaciono pluboneskis dum l'unesma duimo dil 4ma yarcento, periodo di rinovigo e prospero por Galia. En 312, lora imperiestro Konstantinus konvertis su a <a href="/wiki/Kristanismo" title="Kristanismo">kristanismo</a>. Kristani, tillore persekutita, plumulteskis.Tamen, Barbara inkursi durigis pos la duesma duimo dil 4ma yarcento. Ye la <a href="/wiki/31ma_di_decembro" title="31ma di decembro">31ma di decembro</a> <a href="/wiki/406" title="406">406</a>, Vandali, Suevi ed Alamani transiris <a href="/wiki/Rheno" title="Rheno">Rheno</a> ed atingis Hispania. Meze dil 5ma yarcento, Alamani e Franki, du populi pagana, instalis su nord-este di la nuna Francia e forte presis Romana generali qui restis en la nord-esto di Galia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rejio_Francia_dum_Mezepoko">Rejio Francia dum Mezepoko</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redaktar seciono: Rejio Francia dum Mezepoko" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=3" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Rejio Francia dum Mezepoko"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg/280px-Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg/420px-Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg/560px-Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2969" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><i>Bapto di Klodovecho</i>, segun pikturo en Sainte-Chapelle, Paris (anonimo).</figcaption></figure> <p>La konverto di Klovis, chefo Frankiana, a <a href="/wiki/Kristanismo" title="Kristanismo">kristanismo</a> en 496, transformis il en federito dil Eklezio Katolika, e posibligis ilu konquestar importanta loki di Galia inter la 5ma e 6ma yarcenti. La fuzo di heredaji Galiana-Romana e kontributaji Germana kun kristanismo esis longe durinta e desfacila. Frankiani esis origine militala socio kun legi tre diferanta de Romana yuro e kristana principi. Samatempte kam la febleso demografiala qua lor eventis en la rejio Frankiana implikis dekado dil urbi. Kristanismo instalis su tra la kreo di rurala kirki e precipue tra multa monakeyi. Se komence la povo di Klovis semblis solida, <a href="/wiki/Merovecho-dinastio" title="Merovecho-dinastio">Merovecho-dinastio</a> balde afrontis grava desfacilaji. La dinastio desaparis en <a href="/wiki/751" title="751">751</a>, kande <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipin_la_Basa-statura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pipin la Basa-statura (pagino ne existas)">Pipin la Basa-statura</a> kronizesis rejulo di Frankiani, e fondis Karolingiana dinastio. </p><p>Pipin la Basa-statura e sua filiulo <a href="/wiki/Karolus_la_Granda" title="Karolus la Granda">Karolus la Granda</a> augmentis multe la l'extenso dil rejio di Franki, qua atingis plu kam 1 milion km² dum la 8ma yarcento.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La chef-urbo dil imperio esis <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a>, e l'imperiestro reprezentesis lokale da <a href="/wiki/Komtio" title="Komtio">komti</a>. Karolus la Granda kronizesis imperiestro dil ocidento la yaro <a href="/wiki/800" title="800">800</a>, e dum lua regno lu stimulis la instrukto di bel arti. Lua palaco en Aachen aceptis intelektal agadi ed artisti. Tamen, pos la morto di Karolus, lua komti e vasali gradope komencis transmisar lua tituli tra heredo. La nepotuli di Karolus la Granda partigis l'imperio inter li en 843, tra la traktato di Verdun. Karloman kontrolis ocidentala Franki, en regiono equivalanta aproxime a la du triimi ocidentala de la nuna Francia, di qua la frontieri variis poke til la fino di <a href="/wiki/Mezepoko" title="Mezepoko">Mezepoko</a>. </p><p>La nova rejio afrontis tri diferanta ondi di invadi dum la 9 e 10ma yarcenti, duktita da Mohamedani, <a href="/wiki/Vikingo" title="Vikingo">Vikingi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hungari</a>. Ye la sama epoko, la povi dil anciena komtii duris augmentar, kontre ke rejala povo diminutis. Establisesis feudala socio dividita en tri sociala klasi: klerikaro, nobelaro e plebeyaro. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abadeyo_di_Cluny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abadeyo di Cluny (pagino ne existas)">Abadeyo di Cluny</a> </p><p>En 987, Huges Capet elektesis da nobeli. La <a href="/wiki/Monarkio" title="Monarkio">monarkio</a> itere divenis heredala, e lua decendinti regnis sur Francia dum plu kam 800 yari. Tamen, l'unesma reji di la nova dinastio kontrolis direte nur tre mikra porcioni di Franca teritorio, nomizita "rejala domeno", e kelk ek lua vasali esas plu multe povoza kam li. Dum la <a href="/wiki/12ma_yarcento" title="12ma yarcento">12ma yarcento</a>, rejala povo komencis afirmar su kontre la princi dil rejio, ma mustis afrontar pos la yari 1150a lor naskinta "imperio Plantagenet" grupiganta sub sama krono Anglia e la westala triimo de Francia. </p><p>Kapetiana rejio atingis lua maxima vasteso dum la 13ma yarcento. La monarkio pluforteskis itere, e Franca kulturo komencis afirmar su en Europa. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_la_2ma_di_Francia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe la 2ma di Francia (pagino ne existas)">Philippe la 2ma</a> (1180-1223) sucesis konquestar teritorii en Francia de le Plantagenet, haltigis Angla minaco ed augmentis multe rejala povo dum ca epoko. Ilua nevulo <a href="/wiki/Louis_la_9ma_di_Francia" title="Louis la 9ma di Francia">Louis la 9ma</a>, surnomizita "la Santa", (1226-1270) partoprenis en la sepesma ed l'okesma krucomiliti. </p><p>Dum la <a href="/wiki/14ma_yarcento" title="14ma yarcento">14ma</a> e l'unesma duimo di la <a href="/wiki/15ma_yarcento" title="15ma yarcento">15ma yarcento</a> komencis grava krizo. La lando devastesis dal <a href="/wiki/Centyara_milito" title="Centyara milito">Centyara milito</a> kontre Anglia, qua originis de heredo-problemo pri kontrolo dil rejio Francia. Ma ca krizo ne esis simple politikala o militala: ol ank esis demografiala (la <a href="/wiki/Nigra_pesto" title="Nigra pesto">nigra pesto</a> mortigis adminime la triimo de la habitantaro dil rejio pos 1347); sociala (rurana ed urbana revolti multeskis); ekonomikala e religiala. Tamen, la monarkio pluforteskis kande la krizo finis: la centrala povo diplasis su a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loire-valo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loire-valo (pagino ne existas)">Loire-valo</a>, kreis permananta armeo e taxado, e developis nova institucuri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renesanco_ed_Absolutismo">Renesanco ed Absolutismo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redaktar seciono: Renesanco ed Absolutismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=4" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Renesanco ed Absolutismo"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Chateau_de_Montsoreau_Museum_of_contemporary_art_Loire_Valley_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Chateau_de_Montsoreau_Museum_of_contemporary_art_Loire_Valley_France.jpg/280px-Chateau_de_Montsoreau_Museum_of_contemporary_art_Loire_Valley_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="373" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Chateau_de_Montsoreau_Museum_of_contemporary_art_Loire_Valley_France.jpg/420px-Chateau_de_Montsoreau_Museum_of_contemporary_art_Loire_Valley_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Chateau_de_Montsoreau_Museum_of_contemporary_art_Loire_Valley_France.jpg/560px-Chateau_de_Montsoreau_Museum_of_contemporary_art_Loire_Valley_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Il <a href="/wiki/Kastelo_di_Montsoreau" title="Kastelo di Montsoreau">Kastelo di Montsoreau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renesanco" title="Renesanco">renesanco</a> <a href="/wiki/Arkitekturo" title="Arkitekturo">arkitekturala</a> (<a href="/wiki/15ma_yarcento" title="15ma yarcento">c. 1455</a>).</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:French_possessions_in_the_Americas_(1534-1803).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/French_possessions_in_the_Americas_%281534-1803%29.png/280px-French_possessions_in_the_Americas_%281534-1803%29.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/French_possessions_in_the_Americas_%281534-1803%29.png/420px-French_possessions_in_the_Americas_%281534-1803%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/French_possessions_in_the_Americas_%281534-1803%29.png/560px-French_possessions_in_the_Americas_%281534-1803%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>La kolonial imperio Franca en <a href="/wiki/Amerika" title="Amerika">Amerika</a> (1534-1803).</figcaption></figure> <p>Depos 1494, Franca suvereni duktis multa militi en Italia kontre l'imperiestro <a href="/wiki/Karolus_la_5ma_di_Germania_e_la_1ma_di_Hispania" title="Karolus la 5ma di Germania e la 1ma di Hispania">Karolus la 5ma Habsburg</a>. Ma la regni di <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_la_1ma_di_Francia" class="mw-redirect" title="François la 1ma di Francia">François la 1ma di Francia</a> (1515-1547) e de sua filio Henri la 2ma (1547-1559) precipue distingesis per la plufortigo dil rejala povo, qua divenis absoluta, e per la renesanco literaturala ed artala kun forta influi de Italia. </p><p>En 1539, ta la dekreto di Villers-Cotterêts, la <a href="/wiki/Franca_linguo" title="Franca linguo">Franca linguo</a> divenis la linguo administrala e judiciala dil rejio. Tamen, l'unigo di Francia cirkum la persono dil rejo pluforteskis dum la duesma duimo dil 16ma yarcento pro religiala problemi: de 1562 til 1598 eventis ok militi pri religio inter katoliki e Kalvinisti. La krizo religiala koincidis kun l'ekonomikala, e precipue la politikala. En 1598, rejulo Henri la 4ma (1589-1610) signatis la Dekreto di Nantes, qua partale posibligis kulto-libereso a la protestanti. </p><p>Louis la 13ma (1610-1643) e lua ministri <a href="/wiki/Kardinalo_Richelieu" title="Kardinalo Richelieu">Richelieu</a> e Mazarin afrontis l'opozo di nobeli qui deziris rekuperar lia anciena povi. Samepoke, Francia vinkis multa militi, exemple la <a href="/wiki/Milito_di_Triadek_yari" class="mw-redirect" title="Milito di Triadek yari">Milito di Triadek yari</a>, e komencis formacar lua unesma koloniala imperio, precipue en Nova-Francia, en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antili (pagino ne existas)">Antili</a> e sur la litoro di India. <a href="/wiki/Louis_la_14ma_di_Francia" title="Louis la 14ma di Francia">Louis la 14ma di Francia</a> afirmis la karaktero absoluta di sua povo. La surnomizita "Suno-rejo" afirmis esar la "lietnanto di deo sur Tero" ed imperis konstruktar la <a href="/wiki/Palaco_di_Versailles" title="Palaco di Versailles">palaco di Versailles</a>, simbolo di sua povo. Ilu proximigis su de artisti e ciencisti, laboris por l'unigo religiala di sua rejio e durigis la persekuto di protestanti e revokis la dekreto di Nantes. Malgre la danjeroza situo di la monarkio, Louis la 14ma duktis multa militi kontre Europana povi, dum ke la markezo di Vauban duktis la konstruktado di reti di fortifikita urbi an la frontieri dil rejio. Quankam ta militi rezultis multafoye en Franca vinki, multa vinkesi e famini desbriligis la fino di sua regno. </p><p>Lua posnepoto Louis la 15ma (1715-1774) anke duktis multa militi, kun diversa rezulti. Per la traktato di Paris signatita en <a href="/wiki/1763" title="1763">1763</a>, Francia perdis sua posedaji en Nord-Amerika, tamen kompris <a href="/wiki/Lotringia" title="Lotringia">Lotringia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Korsika" title="Korsika">Korsika</a> dum la sama yardeko. Dum ta epoko, Francia konocis forta developo demografiala ed ekonomiala. L'augmento di la produktado agrokultivala eventis samatempe kam la komenco di industriigo, note texuro, ma anke la developo intelektala e kulturala en la lando. Louis la 14ma, qua kronizesis en 1774, revelis su nekapabla por solvar la troa debileso di la monarkio e decidis kunvokar Generala stati en 1788. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'epoko_di_la_revolucioni_(1789_til_la_frua_20ma_yarcento)"><span id="L.27epoko_di_la_revolucioni_.281789_til_la_frua_20ma_yarcento.29"></span>L'epoko di la revolucioni (1789 til la frua 20ma yarcento)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redaktar seciono: L'epoko di la revolucioni (1789 til la frua 20ma yarcento)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=5" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: L'epoko di la revolucioni (1789 til la frua 20ma yarcento)"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Fr-83-dep.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Fr-83-dep.jpg/280px-Fr-83-dep.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Fr-83-dep.jpg/420px-Fr-83-dep.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Fr-83-dep.jpg/560px-Fr-83-dep.jpg 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Francia en 1790.</figcaption></figure> <p>La delegitari sendita por l'aperto di Generala stati, qua eventis la 5ma di mayo 1789 transiris rapide la povi qui esis atribuita, ed impozis su kom nacionala <a href="/wiki/Konstituco" title="Konstituco">konstitucal asemblajo</a>. La rejulo ne povis impedar ke l'asemblo konstitucala decidis pri l'aboliso di privileji dum la nokto di la 4ma di agosto, pos adoptar ye la 26ma di agosto la "<a href="/wiki/Deklaro_pri_la_yuri_di_la_homo_e_di_la_civitano_de_1789" title="Deklaro pri la yuri di la homo e di la civitano de 1789">Deklaro pri la yuri di la homo e di la civitano</a>". Pos probo di monarkio konstitucala, la republiko naskis dum septembro 1792, e Louis la 16ma, akuzita pro trahizo, ocidesis per la <a href="/wiki/Gilotino" title="Gilotino">gilotino</a> pos judicio da Nacionala Kunveno ye la <a href="/wiki/21ma_di_januaro" title="21ma di januaro">21ma di januaro</a> <a href="/wiki/1793" title="1793">1793</a>. Pose Francia revolucionala subisis multa yari di militi e mortigi, til l'establiso dil <a href="/w/index.php?title=Direktorio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Direktorio (pagino ne existas)">Direktorio</a> en 1795. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg/220px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg/330px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg/440px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3133" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption>Revoluciono di 1830 ilustrita da Eugène Delacroix e montranta Libereso guidanta la populi.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ye la <a href="/wiki/9ma_di_novembro" title="9ma di novembro">9ma di novembro</a> <a href="/wiki/1799" title="1799">1799</a>, generalo <a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoléon Bonaparte">Napoléon Bonaparte</a> revokis Direktorio per <a href="/wiki/Stato-stroko" title="Stato-stroko">stato-stroko</a>, e remplasis ol kun Konsuleso. Kin yari pose, ilu kronizesis imperiestro dil Franci. Napoléon la 1ma kreis o reformis multa institucuri, e sua multa vinki inkluzis la duimo dil Europana habitantaro sub sua kontrolo frue la <a href="/wiki/Yari_1810a" title="Yari 1810a">yari 1810a</a>. Tamen la deklino eventis rapide: pos efemera abdiko depos rivenar quik a la povo, l'imperiestro vinkesis definitive en la <a href="/wiki/Batalio_di_Waterloo" title="Batalio di Waterloo">Batalio di Waterloo</a> ye la <a href="/wiki/18ma_di_junio" title="18ma di junio">18ma di junio</a> <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a>. </p><p>Francia komencis lua duesma periodo di <a href="/wiki/Konstitucala_monarkio" title="Konstitucala monarkio">konstitucala monarkio</a>, dum qua reji <a href="/wiki/Louis_la_18ma_di_Francia" title="Louis la 18ma di Francia">Louis la 18ma</a> (1814-1824) e precipue <a href="/wiki/Charles_la_10ma_di_Francia" title="Charles la 10ma di Francia">Charles la 10ma</a> (1824-1830) kontestis parto di sociala aquiraji de la revoluciono. Kelka semani pos konquestar <a href="/wiki/Aljer" title="Aljer">Aljer</a>, Charles 10ma revokesis da <i>Trois Glorieuses</i>, revolucionala movado qua adduktis sur la trono <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_la_1ma_di_Francia" title="Louis Philippe la 1ma di Francia">Louis Philippe la 1ma</a>. Quankam Louis Philippe konsideresis lore reformema, litiji kreskis rapide malgre l'ekonomikala kresko di Francia dum ta epoko. </p><p>En februaro <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a> nova revoluciono disruptis, e lua skopi ne esis nur politikala, ma anke sociala. L'efemera Duesma republiko qua establisesis kreis universala voto por viri, abolisis <a href="/wiki/Sklaveso" title="Sklaveso">sklaveso</a> en la kolonii e mortopuniso pro politiko, ma subversesis da sua prezidanto <a href="/wiki/Louis-Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte">Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte</a>, qua kronizesis imperiestro en 1852. </p><p>Quankam la rejimo dum l'unesma yari dil Duesma imperio esis autoritatoza, <a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_la_3ma" title="Napoléon la 3ma">Napoléon la 3ma</a> komencis liberala jireyo en 1860, qua ne impedis la kresko di politikala opozantaro. Dum ta epoko l'industrio e fervoyala sistemo expansesis rapide. La vinkeso di Francia kontre Germania en 1870-1871, esis duopla jireyo en la historio di la lando: l'imperio kapitulacis ye la <a href="/wiki/2ma_di_septembro" title="2ma di septembro">2ma di septembro</a> <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a> e la republiko proklamesis ye la <a href="/wiki/4ma_di_septembro" title="4ma di septembro">4ma di septembro</a> sam yaro, dum ke <a href="/wiki/Prusia" title="Prusia">Prusia</a> anexis Alzacia-Lotringia. </p><p>Quankam sua kaosala nasko, la Triesma republiko esis la maxim longa de la politikala rejimi qui Francia konocis depos 1789. Republikani instalis gradope lua politikala projeti: skoli divenis gratuita, laika ed obligata en 1881-1882, libereso di jurnalaro ed asemblo posibligesis en 1881, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divorco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divorco (pagino ne existas)">divorco</a> e sindikati legaligesis en 1884, e la Eklezio e la Stato separesis en 1905. Dum la sam epoko, Francia dotis su kun vasta imperio koloniala, qua esis la duesma maxim granda dil mondo en 1914, pos la de <a href="/wiki/Unionita_Rejio" title="Unionita Rejio">Unionita Rejio</a>. Quankam multa politika krizi eventis interne la lando — la krizo <i>Boulangist</i>a, la skandalo di dekoruri, la skandalo pri la konstrukturo dil <a href="/wiki/Kanalo_di_Panama" title="Kanalo di Panama">kanalo di Panama</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Afero_Dreyfus" title="Afero Dreyfus">afero Dreyfus</a> —, la precipua minaci por la republiko venis de exterlando, ube milito semblis plu minacanta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Francia_e_la_du_mondomiliti">Francia e la du mondomiliti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redaktar seciono: Francia e la du mondomiliti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=6" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Francia e la du mondomiliti"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Francia eniris l'<a href="/wiki/Unesma_mondomilito" title="Unesma mondomilito">unesma mondomilito</a> dum la komenco di agosto 1914 federita kun <a href="/wiki/Unionita_Rejio" title="Unionita Rejio">Unionita Rejio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rusa_imperio" title="Rusa imperio">Rusa imperio</a> kontre <a href="/wiki/Germana_imperio" class="mw-redirect" title="Germana imperio">Germana imperio</a>. La milito produktis 1.4 milion viktimi en Francia e multa destruktadi en nord-esto di la lando, finis ye la <a href="/wiki/11ma_di_novembro" title="11ma di novembro">11ma di novembro</a> <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> kun la vinko di Triopla interkonsento. Ultre recevar itere Alzacia-Lotringia, Francia recevis parto di Germania komisi segun stipulita en la <a href="/wiki/Kontrato_di_Versailles_(1919)" title="Kontrato di Versailles (1919)">kontrato di Versailles</a>, ed obtenis garantii pri sekureso qui extingesis tragediale en 1940, kande Belgia invadesis dal Germani. </p><p>Pos kelka yari di laboroza rikonstrukto, karakterizata per esforci pri augmento dil enmigrado e di la produktiveso, e por diminutar la manko di laboristi en la mineyi ed en la stala ed automobilala industrii, Francia afrontis problemi pri kreskar til la nivelo di ante la milito. Pos kreskar forte de pos 1924, Francia frapesis plu tarda kam altra landi per la krizo di la yari 1930a. La krizo esis duriva e profunda, quankam ol komencis tarde. La politika krizo ed ekonomiala desfacilaji adjuntesis, malgre l'espero stimultata pro la vinko dil partiso <i>Front populaire</i> en 1936. La krizo finis ye la <a href="/wiki/3ma_di_septembro" title="3ma di septembro">3ma di septembro</a> <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a> kande Francia deklaris milito kontre Naziista Germania. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation-eo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation-eo.svg/280px-France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation-eo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation-eo.svg/420px-France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation-eo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation-eo.svg/560px-France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation-eo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1898" /></a><figcaption>Dum la duesma mondomilito til novembro 1942, metropolala Francia dividesis inter "zoni okupata" norde, e "zono libera" sude.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pos ok monati sen kombati (« Drôle de guerre »), Germana <i>Wehrmacht</i> invadis la nord-esto di Francia ye la <a href="/wiki/10ma_di_mayo" title="10ma di mayo">10ma di mayo</a> <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>. Marshalo <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a> demandis armistico ye la <a href="/wiki/22ma_di_junio" title="22ma di junio">22ma di junio</a>. Il obtenabis plena povi ye la <a href="/wiki/10ma_di_julio" title="10ma di julio">10ma di julio</a> sam yaro. To signifikis la fino di la <a href="/wiki/Triesma_Republiko" title="Triesma Republiko">Triesma Republiko</a> e la nasko dil <a href="/wiki/Francia_di_Vichy" title="Francia di Vichy">rejimo di Vichy</a>, qua praktikis politiki konservema, tradicionalista ed antisemida, e kunlaboris kun la Triesma Reich, malgre l'agado di rezistado interne ed extere la lando. La desembarko di <a href="/wiki/Federiti_de_la_duesma_mondomilito" title="Federiti de la duesma mondomilito">la Federiti</a> ye la <a href="/wiki/6ma_di_julio" title="6ma di julio">6ma di julio</a> <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a> en Normandia signifikis la fino dil okupeso e la komenco di libereso di Europa. Entote, ta konflikto mortigis min soldati kam l'antea, tamen la viktimi civila esas plu multa - adminime 330 000 civili, inkluzite 75 000 judi qui rezidis en Franca teritorio, ocidita en <a href="/wiki/Koncentreyo" title="Koncentreyo">koncentreyi</a> - e la vundi psikologiala e politikala pro l'invado en 1940, l'agadi di kunlaboranti kun naziisti, e pose la venji kontre li, qui duris longatempe por cikatrigar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Depos_la_liberigo">Depos la liberigo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redaktar seciono: Depos la liberigo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=7" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Depos la liberigo"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Periodo di rinovigo komencis lor por Francia.<sup id="cite_ref-France_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Se generalo de Gaulle, chefo di Francia libera, ne povIs impedar l'adopto di <a href="/wiki/Konstituco" title="Konstituco">konstituco</a> proxim to de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triesma_republiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triesma republiko (pagino ne existas)">Triesma republiko</a>, posmilito vidis la kreado di sekureso sociala e voto-yuro grantita a mulieri.<sup id="cite_ref-France_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La nomizita "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quaresma_Republiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quaresma Republiko (pagino ne existas)">Quaresma Republiko</a>" selektis suportar l'Ocidento dum la <a href="/wiki/Kolda_milito" title="Kolda milito">kolda milito</a> qua komencis ta epoko. La deskoloniigo di Azia ed Afrika, e la debuto di la konstrukto di la uniono Europana komencis.<sup id="cite_ref-France_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samatempe komencis periodo di forta kresko ekonomikala, qua l'ekonomikisto Jean Fourastié nomizis <i>Trente Glorieuses</i> ("la triadek (yari) glorioza").<sup id="cite_ref-France_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ye la <a href="/wiki/1ma_di_junio" title="1ma di junio">1ma di junio</a> <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>, dum grava politika krizo pro la <a href="/wiki/Milito_en_Aljeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Milito en Aljeria">milito en Aljeria</a>, generalo de Gaulle divenis prezidanto dil konsilistaro per l'Asemblo Nacionala, kun la misiono di donar a la republiko nova konstituco: la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesma_republiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinesma republiko (pagino ne existas)">kinesma republiko</a> donis a la prezidanto plua povi relate a la parlamento. Charles de Gaulle duris e kompletigis la deskoloniigo di Afrika, ed afirmis la nedependo di Francia relate ad Usa. Por ta skopo, il dotizis Francia di nukleara povo, civila ed armeala. </p><p>Ma la krizo studentala e sociala en mayo 1968 alegis l'arkaismo dil rejimo qua semblis deskonektita del aspirado di la yuneso. Tamen de Gaulle sucesis inversigar la situaciono, tra la dissolvo di l'Asemblo Nacionala ye la <a href="/wiki/30ma_di_mayo" title="30ma di mayo">30ma di mayo</a> <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>. Fine, Franci donis ad il larja majoritato prezidantala. Generalo de Gaulle demisionis en 1969 pos la falio di <a href="/wiki/Plebicito" title="Plebicito">plebicito</a> pri la reformo dil Senato e di la regionala subdividuri. Tamen, <i><a href="/wiki/Gaulismo" title="Gaulismo">gaulismo</a>" duris en povo dum kin yari o pluse, sub la figuro dil prezidanto <a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Georges Pompidou</a>.</i> </p><p>En 1974 komencis ero pos-Gaullista, kun l'arivo di <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a>, politikisto di centro, a la prezidanteso. Quankam Francia eniris gradope en la krizo di la yari 1970a, l'unesma yari de sua guvernisteso distingesis pro multa legi qui modifikis la socio di Francia, exemple la lego Veil, qua legaleskis l'<a href="/wiki/Aborto" title="Aborto">aborto</a>, o la redukto dil evo por la majoreso, de 21 yari a 18 yari. Ma la precipua jireyo eventis en 1981, kande socialista prezidanto, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a>, elektesis. Afrontanta l'ekonomikala situo qua plugraveskis, ilu komence probis transferar la kontrolo di ekonomiala sektori a la Stato, e samatempe adoptis simbolala agi, exemple l'aboliso di la <a href="/wiki/Mortopuniso" title="Mortopuniso">mortopuniso</a>. Quankam François Mitterrand rielektesis en 1988, Francia konocis de 1986 til 1988, e pose de 1993 til 1995 du periodi di politikala "<a href="/wiki/Kohabito" title="Kohabito">kohabito</a>" til lor nevidita ube la prezidanto ne esas di sama partiso kam sua guvernerio e qua ofris nova lektado di institucuri. Ta situaciono eventis itere de 1997 til 2002, ma en inversa fasono, kande prezidanto de dextra, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a>, elektabis en 1995, e l'elektita legifantaro en 1997 adportis socialista <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Lionel Jospin</a> kom chefministro. Francia adoptis samatempe l'unika monetaro por Europa. </p><p>La prezidantal elekto en 2002 distingesis pro l'elektala surprizo, kun la vinkeso di Lionel Jospin da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Marie_Le_Pen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen (pagino ne existas)">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a>, kandidato di extrema-dextra, quik en l'unesma balotado. Tamen, Jacques Chirac facile rielektesis. Dum l'administrado di la chefministri <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Raffarin" title="Jean-Pierre Raffarin">Jean-Pierre Raffarin</a>, e pose <a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">Dominique de Villepin</a>, Francia notinde opozis la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milito_en_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milito en Irak (pagino ne existas)">milito en Irak</a>, la "ne" vinkis la plebicito pri la ratifiko di la konstituco Europana, ed en novembro 2005 eventis urbala sedicii. Quankam <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a>, prezidanto depos 2007, duktis la partiso di sua precedanto lor sua elekto ed esis membro di sua guvernerio, la politiko qua duktis volar esar di "rupturo". La ministraro di <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a> formacesis kun personi de diferanta politikala tendenci, ne nur dextrani, ma anke centrani e sinistrani. Lua administrado afrontis la rezulti del ekonomika krizo de 2008 til 2009. Ye la <a href="/wiki/6ma_di_mayo" title="6ma di mayo">6ma di mayo</a> <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>, socialista <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> elektesis prezidanto di la republiko. Pos intensa debati e rankoroza polemiki duktita da lua opozanti, la lego qua legaligis samasexua mariajo adoptesis ye la 15ma di mayo la sequanta yaro. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politiko">Politiko</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redaktar seciono: Politiko" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=8" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Politiko"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Francia esas <a href="/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento">parlamentala</a> <a href="/wiki/Republiko" title="Republiko">republiko</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Chefo_di_stato" title="Chefo di stato">chefo di stato</a> esas la prezidanto, qua elektesas dal populo por 5-yara periodo. La prezidanto nominas la <a href="/wiki/Chefministro" title="Chefministro">chefministro</a>, qua esas la <a href="/wiki/Chefo_di_guvernerio" title="Chefo di guvernerio">chefo di guvernerio</a>. </p><p>La Parlamento havas du chambri: la Nacional Asemblitaro (<i>Assemblée Nationale</i>), kun 577 membri qui elektesas dal populo por 5 yari, e la <a href="/wiki/Senato" title="Senato">Senato</a>, kun 321 membri qui elektesas da elektala kolegio. Nuna <a href="/wiki/Konstituco" title="Konstituco">konstituco</a> aprobesis ye la <a href="/wiki/28ma_di_septembro" title="28ma di septembro">28ma di septembro</a> <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizo_di_povi">Organizo di povi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redaktar seciono: Organizo di povi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=9" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Organizo di povi"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'organizo di povi en Francia establisesas per la <a href="/wiki/Konstituco" title="Konstituco">konstituco</a> di 1958, qua recevis diversa emendi. Francia havas politika sistemo qua rezervas granda povi ambe por la parlamento e por la prezidanto di la republiko. Studiisti di konstitucala sistemi nominas Franca sistemo "rejimo mi-prezidantala" o ankore "rejimo parlementala bireprezentala". </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Legifala_povo" class="mw-redirect" title="Legifala povo">legifala povo</a> konsistas ek la parlamento, qua havas du chambri, Nacional Asemblitaro e Senato. La Nacional Asemblitaro, basa chambro dil parlamento, formacesis da 577 deputati en 2011, qui elektesis por kin yari per universala direta sufrajio dum unnoma majoritata voto en du foyi en distrikti subdividita en departmenti. Nacional Asemblitaro havas la lasta vorto se eventus deskonkordo longega kun senato pri adopto di lego. Senato formacesis en 2011 kun 348 senatani qui elektesis por sis yari per 150 000 granda elektanti (ca elektanti elektesas lokale) e fakte judikesas kom min importanta reprezenteri kam la deputati de la Nacional Asemblitaro. </p><p>L'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Exekutiva_povo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exekutiva povo (pagino ne existas)">exekutiva povo</a> konsistas ek la prezidanto di la republiko, qua esas <a href="/wiki/Chefo_di_stato" title="Chefo di stato">chefo di stato</a> e chefo dil armei. La prezidanto anke promulgas la legi e povas dissolvar la Nacional Asemblitaro e kunvokar elekti. Ilu nominas la chefministro e, segun propozo di lu, la membri di <a href="/wiki/Guvernerii_di_Francia" title="Guvernerii di Francia">guvernerio</a>. La guvernerio povas dissolvesar per propozo di censuro adoptita per la Nacional Asemblitaro. Kande la parlamenta majoritato e prezidanto ne esas de la sama politikala partiso, on parolas lore “kunhabitado”. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Judiciala_povo" title="Judiciala povo">Judiciala povo</a> separesas de la du altra, quankam la prezidanto di la republiko havas povo por indulgar. Judiciala povo subdividesas segun administral intenco. La maxim alta judicio esas la konsilistaro dil Stato, ed un judicial ordeno, di qua la maxim alta esas la Korto di Kasaco. Franca yurala sistemo, di tradiciono civila romana, stipulas ke omna akuzati supozesas senkulpe ante esar kondamnita, ed ula procedo povas rijudiciesar pos apelo demandita per un ek la procesanti. </p><p>La konformeso di legi a la <a href="/wiki/Konstituco" title="Konstituco">konstituco</a>, la regulado di voti e, plu larje la respekto al institucuri kontrolesas dal konstitucala konsilistaro. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France.png/440px-Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France.png/660px-Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France.png/880px-Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption>La grafiko montras l'organizo dil institucuri di la kinesma republiko.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teritoriala_subdivido_e_descentraligo">Teritoriala subdivido e descentraligo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redaktar seciono: Teritoriala subdivido e descentraligo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=10" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Teritoriala subdivido e descentraligo"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Regions_France_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Regions_France_2016.svg/280px-Regions_France_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Regions_France_2016.svg/420px-Regions_France_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Regions_France_2016.svg/560px-Regions_France_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>Mapo di la regioni di Francia pos la <a href="/wiki/1ma_di_januaro" title="1ma di januaro">1ma di januaro</a> <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Metropolala Francia subdividesas ek multa lokal ensembli en tri niveli: komoni, departmenti e <a href="/wiki/Regioni_di_Francia" title="Regioni di Francia">regioni</a>. Ta lokala ensembli esas samatempe administrala distrikti en qui la stato intervenas tra sua deskoncentrita servadi. La komoni, entote 36 570 en metropolala Francia ye la 1ma di januaro 2009, korespondas maxim-multa-kaze a la teritorio di un urbo o urbeto, ed administresas da municipala konsilistari qui elektas l'urbestro, qui esas ambe agenti di lokala ensembli e reprezentanti dil stato en l'urbo. Pos la yari 1990a la kooperado inter la komoni plufortigesis, pro la kreo di publika establisuri di koopero interkomonala, di qua la rolo kreskas. La distrikti, kreita dum Franca revoluciono, nun esas 96 che la metropolo, ed administresas da la Generala konsilistaro. La membri dil konsilistaro elektesas en la kantoni. La prefekto reprezentas la stato Franca ibe. </p><p>Pos la <a href="/wiki/1ma_di_januaro" title="1ma di januaro">1ma di januaro</a> <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a> Francia subdividesas en 18 regioni, di qui 12 jacas an l'anciena "metropolo", 2 transmara regioni, 3 <i>collectivités</i>, plu <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>, qua esas departmento kun stando di regiono. </p><p>Francia longatempe distingesas per lua granda politikala centraligo kande komparata a sua vicini Europana, kontre ke l'administradi lokala havas poka povi. Tamen, ta situaciono evolucionis multe, komence en 1982-1983 kun la lego Defferre, e pose de 2002 e 2004 sub l'administrado di <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Raffarin" title="Jean-Pierre Raffarin">Jean-Pierre Raffarin</a>. La resortiso di la teritoriala ensembli esas multe, e koncernas nome edukerii, transporti, ekonomikala developo e social agado. Tamen, la superpozo e konfuzeso di la limiti inter la diversa teritoriala ensembli esas la fonto di debati pri futura descentraligo di la povo. Dum l'administrado di <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Valls" title="Manuel Valls">Manuel Valls</a> aprobesis la subdivido di Francia en 18 regioni, di qui 13 en Europa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Francia_transmara">Francia transmara</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redaktar seciono: Francia transmara" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=11" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Francia transmara"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Overseasfrancemap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Overseasfrancemap.png/280px-Overseasfrancemap.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Overseasfrancemap.png/420px-Overseasfrancemap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Overseasfrancemap.png/560px-Overseasfrancemap.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>Francia metropolala e transmara (blue)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:R%C3%A9sultats_au_premier_tour_des_%C3%A9lections_pr%C3%A9sidentielles_en_France_depuis_1960.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/R%C3%A9sultats_au_premier_tour_des_%C3%A9lections_pr%C3%A9sidentielles_en_France_depuis_1960.svg/220px-R%C3%A9sultats_au_premier_tour_des_%C3%A9lections_pr%C3%A9sidentielles_en_France_depuis_1960.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/R%C3%A9sultats_au_premier_tour_des_%C3%A9lections_pr%C3%A9sidentielles_en_France_depuis_1960.svg/330px-R%C3%A9sultats_au_premier_tour_des_%C3%A9lections_pr%C3%A9sidentielles_en_France_depuis_1960.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/R%C3%A9sultats_au_premier_tour_des_%C3%A9lections_pr%C3%A9sidentielles_en_France_depuis_1960.svg/440px-R%C3%A9sultats_au_premier_tour_des_%C3%A9lections_pr%C3%A9sidentielles_en_France_depuis_1960.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="927" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>Diagramo reprezentanta la procento de voti obtenita da omna politikal konkursanti dum l' unesma balotado di singla prezidantala elekto, de 1965 til 2012.<div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#ff0000; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> komunisti, extrema sinistro</div> <p style="margin:0px;font-size:90%"><span style="border:none;background-color:#ff00ff;color:#ff00ff;">██</span> socialisti, altra sinistrani</p> <p style="margin:0px;font-size:90%"><span style="border:none;background-color:#00bb00;color:#00bb00;">██</span> ekologiisti</p> <p style="margin:0px;font-size:90%"><span style="border:none;background-color:#40c4ff;color:#40c4ff;">██</span> Centristi</p> <p style="margin:0px;font-size:90%"><span style="border:none;background-color:#0000ff;color:#0000ff;">██</span> Dextro</p> <p style="margin:0px;font-size:90%"><span style="border:none;background-color:#802020;color:#802020;">██</span> Extrema dextro</p> <p style="margin:0px;font-size:90%"><span style="border:none;background-color:#a0a0a0;color:#a0a0a0;">██</span> diversi</p></div></figcaption></figure> <p>Franca teritorii situita exter Europa, qua korespondas a anciena Franca kolonii qui ne nedependanteskis, submisesas a rejimi administrala e judiciala tre diversa l'uno de l'altri. L'ekonomikala situaciono di ca teritorii esas ordinare min bona kam la de la metropolo, ed ol beneficas de multa helpi di stato. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Guadelupa" title="Guadelupa">Guadelupa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franca_Guyana" title="Franca Guyana">Franca Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinik" title="Martinik">Martinik</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> e <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> (depos 2011) esas ambe distrikti e regioni transmara, kun standi simila a la distrikti e regioni metropolala, quankam la legi Franca povas prearanjar di dispozesi speciganta pri. Ta distrikti, ecepte Mayotte, esas parto di la regioni transperiferiala di UE, e submisesas ad Europana legaro. </p><p>Kontraste, l'altra transmara Franca teritorii, ecepte l'insuli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint-Barthélemy (pagino ne existas)">Saint-Barthélemy</a> e <a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin" title="Saint-Martin">Saint-Martin</a>, ne esas parto di UE, malgre lua habitanti havar Europana civitaneso. La teritorii transmara esas 5, kun diversa politikala standi: <a href="/wiki/Franca_Polinezia" title="Franca Polinezia">Franca Polinezia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint-Barthélemy (pagino ne existas)">Saint-Barthélemy</a>‎, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin" title="Saint-Martin">Saint-Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Pierre_e_Mikelon" title="Santa Pierre e Mikelon">Santa Pierre e Mikelon</a> e l'insuli <a href="/wiki/Wallis_e_Futuna" title="Wallis e Futuna">Wallis e Futuna‎</a>. Quankam la centrala guvernerio konservas certa prerogativi exklusiva, lokale ol submisesas grandaparte a specifika legaro. Altralatere, <a href="/wiki/Nova-Kaledonia" title="Nova-Kaledonia">Nova-Kaledonia</a>‎ esas ensemblo teritoriala distinta kun granda autonomeso. En 2018, eventis ibe plebicito qua rejektis, per 56,45 no-voti, la propozo pri lua nedependantesko.<sup id="cite_ref-www.bbc.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.bbc.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tandem, la nomizita Teritorii Australa ed Antarkikala di Francia e l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulo_Clipperton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insulo Clipperton (pagino ne existas)">insulo Clipperton</a>, qua ne havas permananta habitantaro, administresas direte dal stato Franca o da sua reprezentanto. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politiko,_partisi_ed_elekti"><span id="Politiko.2C_partisi_ed_elekti"></span>Politiko, partisi ed elekti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redaktar seciono: Politiko, partisi ed elekti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=12" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Politiko, partisi ed elekti"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ordinare la politikala sistemo di Franca dominacesas per du o tri granda partisi. Pos la yari 1980a esas videbla ke la Komunista partiso di Francia gradope perdis populareso, la partisi de centro anke diminutis, kontre ke augmentis la voto en la partisi di extrema dextra. Pluse, kreskabas l'absteno di elekteri en la votadi. </p><p>Pos la yari 1990a, la du precipua Franca partisi esas l'Uniono por Populala Movado (UMP) — Rassemblement pour la République (RPR) ante 2002 — e la Partiso Socialista. L'UMP esas partiso di dextra e centro-dextra, membro di Partiso Populala Europana. La Partiso Socialista reprezentas la sinistra e centro-sinistra, ed esas membro di Partiso Socialista Europana. En 2012, la prezidanti di republiko, la chefministro, la plu multi di ministri, di deputati, di senatani e prezidanti di regionala o generala konsilistari esas membri di lo. Multa altra partisi partoprenas en la politika vivo di Francia: la du maxim importanti esas Front National (FN, rekto nacionala), Europe Écologie Les Verts (ekologi) e Front de gauche (sinistro antiliberala). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publika_financi">Publika financi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redaktar seciono: Publika financi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=13" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Publika financi"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En Francia, obligiva imposti reprezentis 44,4 % di TNP en 2006, la 6ma maxim alta procento inter la landi membri dil <a href="/wiki/Organizuro_por_Kunlaboro_ed_Ekonomiala_Developo" title="Organizuro por Kunlaboro ed Ekonomiala Developo">Organizuro por Kunlaboro ed Ekonomiala Developo</a> - OKED - e ta procento tendencas augmentar. La sociala kontributi reprezentas proxim 38 % di sumo, dek punti pluse la mezavaloro di landi di OKED. Inverse, Francia esas la developata landi ube l'imposti sur la revenuo e sur societi reprezentas la parto maxim febla di totalo di obligata imposti. </p><p>Malgre l'alta procento di obligata imposti, la publika spensi superiras la revenui, entote 53,9 % de TNP en 2006. Ja lore la publika deficito esas alta, atinganta 2,7 % di TNP en 2007 e mem 7,9 % en 2009 pro ekonomikala konjunturo. La publika debajo di Francia, pri, atingis 1,457.4 miliardi <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euri</a> en 2009, esis 75,8 % de TNP, kontre 20,7 % en 1980. Tamen, Francia obligesas respektar la kriterii dil <a href="/wiki/Pakto_pri_Stabileso_e_Kresko" title="Pakto pri Stabileso e Kresko">pakto pri stabileso e kresko</a> del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurozono&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurozono (pagino ne existas)">Eurozono</a>, qua limitas la deficito budjetala a 3 % dE TNP e la debo publika a 60 % de TNP. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Pr%C3%A9l%C3%A8vements_obligatoires_en_France_en_2007.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Pr%C3%A9l%C3%A8vements_obligatoires_en_France_en_2007.svg/280px-Pr%C3%A9l%C3%A8vements_obligatoires_en_France_en_2007.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Pr%C3%A9l%C3%A8vements_obligatoires_en_France_en_2007.svg/420px-Pr%C3%A9l%C3%A8vements_obligatoires_en_France_en_2007.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Pr%C3%A9l%C3%A8vements_obligatoires_en_France_en_2007.svg/560px-Pr%C3%A9l%C3%A8vements_obligatoires_en_France_en_2007.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6536" data-file-height="2865" /></a><figcaption>Repartiso di sustracioni obligata e profitanti institucala en 2007 (fonti e precizaji).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sociala_sekureso">Sociala sekureso</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redaktar seciono: Sociala sekureso" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=14" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Sociala sekureso"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Depos lua kreado en 1945, la sistemo sekureso sociala divenis la precipua sistemo pri sociala protekto en Franca, quankam la stato, l'ensembli teritoriala e la mutualesi* havas anke importanta rolo. La manteno di rejimi di protekto sociala di qua disponis certa profesioni ante 1945 explikas la granda komplexeso di sistemo, qua konsistas ek adminime 120 rejimi di baso e 1 200 rejimi komplementala. La rejimo generala, qua havas la maxim granda nombro di admisiti, dividesas en quar branchi korespondanta a quar precipua riski: morbo, laboral acidenti e profesionala morbi, la protekto al olda personi e a la familii. </p><p>La precipua fonto di revenuo de la sistemo di sociala sekureso esas la kontributadi pagata dal laboristi (65,5% ek la totalo en 2005), ma ol anke subsidiesas dal Stato e dal ensembli teritoriala. En 2005, la spensi dil sistemo reprezentis cirkume 30% de la TNP e pluse 45% de la disponebla revenuo adjustita di menaji. Malgre l'esforci facita da la sucedanta guvernerii por kontrolar la spensi sociala, ol augmentas rapide, nomo pro kresko di familiala spensi e l'oldeso de la habitantaro. Tandem, la kreskanta augmento di la chomeso augmentas la deficito, nam la neemployata ne kontributas. Preske tota augmento di publika spensi depos 1960 rezultis del augmento di spensi kun sociala sekureso, e la deficito di la sekureso sociala en 2009 esis 23,5 miliard Euri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defenso">Defenso</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redaktar seciono: Defenso" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=15" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Defenso"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:French_MO-120-RT-61_and_V%C3%A9hicule_de_Tracte_Mortier_120_during_Operation_Desert_Shield.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/French_MO-120-RT-61_and_V%C3%A9hicule_de_Tracte_Mortier_120_during_Operation_Desert_Shield.JPEG/280px-French_MO-120-RT-61_and_V%C3%A9hicule_de_Tracte_Mortier_120_during_Operation_Desert_Shield.JPEG" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/French_MO-120-RT-61_and_V%C3%A9hicule_de_Tracte_Mortier_120_during_Operation_Desert_Shield.JPEG/420px-French_MO-120-RT-61_and_V%C3%A9hicule_de_Tracte_Mortier_120_during_Operation_Desert_Shield.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/French_MO-120-RT-61_and_V%C3%A9hicule_de_Tracte_Mortier_120_during_Operation_Desert_Shield.JPEG/560px-French_MO-120-RT-61_and_V%C3%A9hicule_de_Tracte_Mortier_120_during_Operation_Desert_Shield.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption>Franca trupi qui partoprenis l'operaco Tempesto dil dezerto en 1991.</figcaption></figure> <p>Francia havas la kinesma maxim granda budjeto en la mondo pri defenso segun l'Instituto Internaciona di Inquesti pri Paco di Stockholm (IISPS), ed esas un ek la kin landi konsiderata "havante nukleara povo" segun la traktato pri nevejeturo di nukleara armi. Kune la Britaniana, Franca armeo judikesas kom un ek la maxim bone equipata de Europa. La spensi kun defenso (39 miliardi di dolari en 2010) reprezentas 2,5% de la <a href="/wiki/Totala_nacionala_produkturo" title="Totala nacionala produkturo">Totala nacionala produkturo</a>, kontre ke en altra Europana landi (ecepte Unionita Rejio e Grekia) ol reprezentas mezavalore 1,5% de la TNP. </p><p>Lua defenso-trupi subdividesas en quar grupi: terala armeo, mar-armeo, aer-armeo e nacionala jendarmaro. Depos 1996, l'armeo divenis profesionala, e l'obligata konskripto remplasesis da la “dio di defenso e mixa civitaneso”. Lua kapaceso militarala esas cirkume 350 000 homi, e lua trupi partoprenis en misioni en <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libano" title="Libano">Libano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivora_Rivo" title="Ivora Rivo">Ivora Rivo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djibuti" title="Djibuti">Djibuti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> e <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partopreno_en_internaciona_organizuri">Partopreno en internaciona organizuri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Redaktar seciono: Partopreno en internaciona organizuri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=16" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Partopreno en internaciona organizuri"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Francia esas un ek la fondinti dil Europana Uniono, dil spaco Schengen e dil <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurozono&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurozono (pagino ne existas)">Eurozono</a>. Esas anke un ek la kin permananta membri dil <a href="/wiki/Sekureso-Konsilistaro_dil_Unionita_Nacioni" title="Sekureso-Konsilistaro dil Unionita Nacioni">Sekureso-Konsilistaro dil Unionita Nacioni</a>. Tandem, esas membro di multa internaciona organizuri, exemple Nord-Atlantikal Uniono, <a href="/wiki/Mondal_organizuro_pri_komerco" title="Mondal organizuro pri komerco">Mondal organizuro pri komerco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organizuro_por_Kunlaboro_ed_Ekonomiala_Developo" title="Organizuro por Kunlaboro ed Ekonomiala Developo">Organizuro por Kunlaboro ed Ekonomiala Developo</a>, G8, G20, organizuro internaciona di Frankofonio (<i>Francophonie</i>) edc. </p><p>Pos 1945, Europa divenis la precipua axo dil extera politiko Franca. Du ek la sep "patri di Europa", <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Monnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Monnet (pagino ne existas)">Jean Monnet</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a>, naskis en Francia. Un ek la skopi dil organizuro esis evitar nova mondomilito e faciligar la rikoncilio inter Francia e Germania. Tamen, la stando di Francia e Franci pri Europa esis ofte ambigua: refuzo dil traktato qua kreis l'Europana komunitato pri defenso da lua Nacional Asemblitaro en 1954, e refuzo per referovoto di traktato por krear konstituco Europana en 2005, la haltostroki di Francia vers Europan asemblo esis ferma. </p><p>Pos la <a href="/wiki/Traktato_di_Maastricht" title="Traktato di Maastricht">Traktato di Maastricht</a> en 1992, la domeni en qua UE havas exkluziva kompetenteso esas sempre plu multa. Granda parto dil yuri aplikebla en Francia en 2010 havis Europana origino, plu multa kam la nacionala yuri. Francia, mezavalora povo, ne povas pezar en la mondala ceno en multa domeni nur tra UE. L'unigado di Europana merkato e l'establiso di unika pekunio ye 1999 implikis importanta transformi di Franca ekonomio, qua l'avantajoza karaktero facas debato. Mem se Francia esas l'unesma profitanta de la <a href="/wiki/Komuna_agrokultivala_politiko" title="Komuna agrokultivala politiko">komuna agrokultivala politiko</a>, ulo esas parto di landi neta kontributanti a budjeto di UE. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politiko_exterlanda_e_diplomaco">Politiko exterlanda e diplomaco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Redaktar seciono: Politiko exterlanda e diplomaco" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=17" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Politiko exterlanda e diplomaco"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Banni%C3%A8re_Drapeaux_UE-28.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Banni%C3%A8re_Drapeaux_UE-28.png/280px-Banni%C3%A8re_Drapeaux_UE-28.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Banni%C3%A8re_Drapeaux_UE-28.png/420px-Banni%C3%A8re_Drapeaux_UE-28.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Banni%C3%A8re_Drapeaux_UE-28.png/560px-Banni%C3%A8re_Drapeaux_UE-28.png 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>Francia, membro di UE.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pos la prezidanteso di generalo de Gaulle (1958-1969), la politiko exterlanda di Francia esas karakterizita per volo di nedependo, kelkafoye opozata ad Usa, e to rezultis la developo di nuklear armi, e l'ekiro di Francia di integrata komando di OTAN de 1966 til 2009. De la yari 1960a til la frua yari 2000a, Francia videsas kom amiko di Araba-Mohamedana landi, kritike opozanta a la politko di Israel. </p><p>La reto di diplomacala reprezenteri di Francia esas la duesma maxim granda del mondo, havanta nun 156 ambasadi e 97 konsulala posti sur la kin kontinenti. </p><p>Francia developas helpo-politiko koncerne developanta landi, nome Afrikana. La publika helpo a developanta landi reprezentis 0,39% de la tota revenuo nacionala en 2007. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republikala_simboli">Republikala simboli</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Redaktar seciono: Republikala simboli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=18" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Republikala simboli"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Segun la konstituco di la <a href="/wiki/Kinesma_Franca_Republiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinesma Franca Republiko">Kinesma Republiko</a>, Francia posedas multa emblemi, multa ek li kreita dum <a href="/wiki/Franca_revoluciono" title="Franca revoluciono">Franca revoluciono</a>. La Standardo di Francia konsistas ek tri vertikala bendi de sama larjeso, kolorizata blue, blanke e rede<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La himno nacionala esas <i>la Marseillese</i>, kompozita da Rouget de Lisle dum Franca revoluciono e kelkafoye kritikata pro violento di lua texto. Tandem, Franca republiko havas kom moto tri vorti: "Libereso, Egaleso, Fraterneso". Altra oficala simboli existas por reprizentar Francia, nome la busto di <i>Marianne</i>, muliero portanta Frigiana boneto, qua ornas urbo-domi. Lua vizajo reprezentesas sur posto-marki ed en moneti di centimi di Euro monetifata en Francia. </p><p>Depos 1999, Franca guvernerio adoptis logotipo* qua rimemorigas la standardo, la devizo di la lando, e la figuro di Marianne. Ica logotipo* reprezentesas en domkumenti publikigita da Franca administrado. En 2020 ca logotipo* modernigesis<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografio">Geografio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Redaktar seciono: Geografio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=19" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Geografio"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Francia havas diversa peizaji en lua kontinentala teritorio, de plana regioni an la litoro til alta montaro di <a href="/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi">Alpi</a>, en sud-esto. La maxim alta monto esas <a href="/wiki/Monto_Blanka" title="Monto Blanka">Monto Blanka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi">Alpi</a>) kun 4810 metri di <a href="/wiki/Altitudo" title="Altitudo">altitudo</a>. An la frontiero kun <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a> ed <a href="/wiki/Andora" title="Andora">Andora</a> jacas la montaro <a href="/wiki/Pirenei" title="Pirenei">Pirenei</a>. La maxim longa fluvii di Francia esas <a href="/wiki/Fluvio_Loire" title="Fluvio Loire">Loire</a>, longa de 1016 km, e <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a>, longa de 776 km. </p><p>La maxim granda <a href="/wiki/Insulo" title="Insulo">insulo</a> di Francia en <a href="/wiki/Mediteraneo" title="Mediteraneo">Mediteraneo</a> esas <a href="/wiki/Korsika" title="Korsika">Korsika</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teritorial_organizado">Teritorial organizado</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Redaktar seciono: Teritorial organizado" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=20" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Teritorial organizado"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Francia_bazala_mapo_18_regioni-Ido.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Francia_bazala_mapo_18_regioni-Ido.png/280px-Francia_bazala_mapo_18_regioni-Ido.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Francia_bazala_mapo_18_regioni-Ido.png/420px-Francia_bazala_mapo_18_regioni-Ido.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Francia_bazala_mapo_18_regioni-Ido.png/560px-Francia_bazala_mapo_18_regioni-Ido.png 2x" data-file-width="2215" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>La 18 regioni di Francia, inkluzite la regioni transmara.</figcaption></figure> <p>Francia subdividesas administrative en regioni, departamenti, distrikti, kantoni e municipi. Ol anke havas enmsembli, teritorii e dependadi. La maxim extensa departamento esas Franca Guyana, havanta 91 000 km². Francia subdividesas en 18 regioni e 101 departmenti, metropolala e transmara. </p><p>La nomizita "metropolala Francia" konsistas ek 13 <a href="/wiki/Regioni_di_Francia" title="Regioni di Francia">regioni</a> (France: <i>régions</i>). La regioni nek havas autonomio legifala nek autonomio exekutiva, e recevas parto ek la imposti kolektata dal guvernerio, segun lia bezoni. </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>96 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Departamenti_di_Francia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Departamenti di Francia (pagino ne existas)">departamenti</a> (France <i>départements</i>): Administrata da Generala konsilistaro qua elektesas singla 6 yari per direta votado. Ol kreesis en 1790, kun la skopo ke omna persono povus distar admaxime un jorno per kavalo de lua reprezenteri. Singla havas departmento havas lua prefekto.</li> <li>329 distrikti (France: <i>arrondissements</i>): Singla departamento subdividesas en plura distrikti, qui havas singla lua subprefekto. Lua funciono esas helpar la prefekto dil departmento.</li> <li>3.879 kantoni: Ol esas la maxim mikra subdividuro, nur kun elektorala efekti.</li> <li>36.571 komoni: Equivalanta a municipo. En l'urbo Paris, recevas la nomo <i>arrondissements</i>.</li> <li>Interkomunitati* (France: <i>intercommunautés</i>): ol unigas en singla departamento plura komoni.</li></ul></dd></dl> <p>La 5 <i>transmara regioni</i>: <a href="/wiki/Guadelupa" title="Guadelupa">Guadelupa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franca_Guyana" title="Franca Guyana">Franca Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinik" title="Martinik">Martinik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> e <a href="/wiki/Reunion" title="Reunion">Reunion</a>. </p><p>La "transmara ensembli" esas 5: <a href="/wiki/Santa_Pierre_e_Mikelon" title="Santa Pierre e Mikelon">Santa Pierre e Mikelon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franca_Polinezia" title="Franca Polinezia">Franca Polinezia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallis_e_Futuna" title="Wallis e Futuna">Wallis e Futuna</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Barthélemy (pagino ne existas)">Saint Barthélemy</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Martin (pagino ne existas)">Saint Martin</a>. Existas un <i>ensemblo sui generis</i>: <a href="/wiki/Nova-Kaledonia" title="Nova-Kaledonia">Nova-Kaledonia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maxim_granda_urbi">Maxim granda urbi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Redaktar seciono: Maxim granda urbi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=21" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Maxim granda urbi"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="background-color:#F8F8F8; border:1px solid #9D9DB8; padding:2px;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" align="center" width="720px"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#9D9DB8" style="font-size:90%; color:white; display:normal;" colspan="8" align="center"><big><b>La 20 maxim populoza urbi di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francia</a></b></big> <small>(<a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</small> </td> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#9D9DB8" style="font-size:90%; color:white; display:none;" colspan="8" align="center"><big><b>La 20 maxim populoza urbi di [[{{{regiono}}}]]</b></big> <small>(2010)</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table><table style="background-color:#F8F8F8; border:2px solid #809AA7; padding:5px;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="720px"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center" bgcolor="#9D9DB8" colspan="1" style="color:white; font-size:90%">Rango </th> <th align="center" bgcolor="#9D9DB8" colspan="1" style="color:white; font-size:90%">Nomo </th> <th align="center" bgcolor="#9D9DB8" colspan="1" style="color:white; display:normal; font-size:90%">Provinco </th> <th align="center" bgcolor="#9D9DB8" colspan="1" style="color:white; display:none; font-size:90%">Regiono </th> <th align="center" bgcolor="#9D9DB8" colspan="1" style="color:white; font-size:90%">Habitantaro </th> <th align="center" bgcolor="#9D9DB8" colspan="1" style="color:white; display:normal; font-size:90%">Rango </th> <th align="center" bgcolor="#9D9DB8" colspan="1" style="color:white; display:normal; font-size:90%">Nomo </th> <th align="center" bgcolor="#9D9DB8" colspan="1" style="color:white; display:normal; font-size:90%">Provinco </th> <th align="center" bgcolor="#9D9DB8" colspan="1" style="color:white; display:none; font-size:90%">Regiono </th> <th align="center" bgcolor="#9D9DB8" colspan="1" style="color:white; display:normal; font-size:90%">Habitantaro </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white;" width="2%"><small>1<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="8%" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Francilia" title="Francilia">Francilia</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono1}}}]] </td> <td width="8%" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%">2 243 833 </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white; display:normal;" width="2%"><small>11<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="8%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Bretonia" title="Bretonia">Bretonia</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono1}}}]] </td> <td width="8%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%">207 178 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white;"><small>2<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Provenco-Alpi-Azur-Rivo" title="Provenco-Alpi-Azur-Rivo">Provenco-Alpi-Azur-Rivo</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono2}}}]] </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%">850 726 </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white; display:normal;"><small>12<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Esto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Esto (pagino ne existas)">Grand Esto</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono12}}}]] </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%">179 992 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white;"><small>3<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Arvernia-Rodano-Alpi" title="Arvernia-Rodano-Alpi">Arvernia-Rodano-Alpi</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono3}}}]] </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%">484 344 </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white; display:normal;"><small>13<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Normandia" title="Normandia">Normandia</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono13}}}]] </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%">175 497 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white;"><small>4<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Ocitania" title="Ocitania">Ocitania</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono4}}}]] </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%">441 802 </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white; display:normal;"><small>14<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvenia-Rodano-Alpi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvenia-Rodano-Alpi (pagino ne existas)">Arvenia-Rodano-Alpi</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono14}}}]] </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%">171 260 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white;"><small>5<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Provenco-Alpi-Azur-Rivo" title="Provenco-Alpi-Azur-Rivo">Provenco-Alpi-Azur-Rivo</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono5}}}]] </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%">343 304 </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white; display:normal;"><small>15<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Provenco-Alpi-Azur-Rivo" title="Provenco-Alpi-Azur-Rivo">Provenco-Alpi-Azur-Rivo</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono15}}}]] </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%">164 532 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white;"><small>6<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Loire-regiono" title="Loire-regiono">Loire-regiono</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono6}}}]] </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%">284 970 </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white; display:normal;"><small>16<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Arvernia-Rodano-Alpi" title="Arvernia-Rodano-Alpi">Arvernia-Rodano-Alpi</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono16}}}]] </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%">155 637 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white;"><small>7<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Alzacia" title="Alzacia">Alzacia</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono7}}}]] </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%">271 782 </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white; display:normal;"><small>17<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgundia-Libera_Komtio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burgundia-Libera Komtio (pagino ne existas)">Burgundia-Libera Komtio</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono17}}}]] </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%">151 212 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white;"><small>8<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Ocitania" title="Ocitania">Ocitania</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono8}}}]] </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%">257 351 </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white; display:normal;"><small>18<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Loire-regiono" title="Loire-regiono">Loire-regiono</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono18}}}]] </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%">147 571 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white;"><small>9<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Nov_Aquitania" title="Nov Aquitania">Nov Aquitania</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono9}}}]] </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%">239 157 </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white; display:normal;"><small>19<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Villeurbanne" title="Villeurbanne">Villeurbanne</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Arvernia-Rodano-Alpi" title="Arvernia-Rodano-Alpi">Arvernia-Rodano-Alpi</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono19}}}]] </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%">145 150 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white;"><small>10<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supra_Francia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supra Francia (pagino ne existas)">Supra Francia</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono10}}}]] </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; font-size:90%">227 560 </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#C4C4D4" colspan="1" style="color:white; display:normal;"><small>20<sup>ma</sup></small> </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Denis">Saint-Denis</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Reunion" title="Reunion">Reunion</a> </td> <td width="14%" align="center" style="color:black; display:none; font-size:90%">[[{{{regiono20}}}]] </td> <td width="100px" align="center" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%">145 022 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Arc_de_Triomphe_-_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Arc_de_Triomphe_-_Paris.jpg/170px-Arc_de_Triomphe_-_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Arc_de_Triomphe_-_Paris.jpg/255px-Arc_de_Triomphe_-_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Arc_de_Triomphe_-_Paris.jpg/340px-Arc_de_Triomphe_-_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="843" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> </td> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Coucher_de_soleil_sur_Notre-Dame_de_la_Garde.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coucher_de_soleil_sur_Notre-Dame_de_la_Garde.JPG/170px-Coucher_de_soleil_sur_Notre-Dame_de_la_Garde.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coucher_de_soleil_sur_Notre-Dame_de_la_Garde.JPG/255px-Coucher_de_soleil_sur_Notre-Dame_de_la_Garde.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coucher_de_soleil_sur_Notre-Dame_de_la_Garde.JPG/340px-Coucher_de_soleil_sur_Notre-Dame_de_la_Garde.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2565" data-file-height="1909" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> </td> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Pont_Bonaparte_Lyon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Pont_Bonaparte_Lyon.jpg/170px-Pont_Bonaparte_Lyon.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Pont_Bonaparte_Lyon.jpg/255px-Pont_Bonaparte_Lyon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Pont_Bonaparte_Lyon.jpg/340px-Pont_Bonaparte_Lyon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> </td> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="color:black; display:normal; font-size:90%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Toulouse_Minimes.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Toulouse_Minimes.JPG/170px-Toulouse_Minimes.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Toulouse_Minimes.JPG/255px-Toulouse_Minimes.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Toulouse_Minimes.JPG/340px-Toulouse_Minimes.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3330" data-file-height="2244" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center" bgcolor="#9D9DB8" colspan="8" style="color:white; font-size:90%"><i>Fonto: nekonocata</i> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomio">Ekonomio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Redaktar seciono: Ekonomio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=22" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Ekonomio"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Champ_de_bl%C3%A9_Seine-et-Marne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Champ_de_bl%C3%A9_Seine-et-Marne.jpg/280px-Champ_de_bl%C3%A9_Seine-et-Marne.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Champ_de_bl%C3%A9_Seine-et-Marne.jpg/420px-Champ_de_bl%C3%A9_Seine-et-Marne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Champ_de_bl%C3%A9_Seine-et-Marne.jpg/560px-Champ_de_bl%C3%A9_Seine-et-Marne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2474" data-file-height="1885" /></a><figcaption>Plantacerio di <a href="/wiki/Frumento" title="Frumento">frumento</a> en la regiono <a href="/wiki/Francilia" title="Francilia">Francilia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Several_Bordeaux_wines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Several_Bordeaux_wines.jpg/280px-Several_Bordeaux_wines.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Several_Bordeaux_wines.jpg/420px-Several_Bordeaux_wines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Several_Bordeaux_wines.jpg/560px-Several_Bordeaux_wines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2082" data-file-height="1404" /></a><figcaption><i>Bordeaux</i>-<a href="/wiki/Vino" title="Vino">vino</a>.</figcaption></figure> <table style="margin-left:20px"> <tbody><tr> <td> <i>Precipua artiklo: <a href="/wiki/Ekonomio_di_Francia" title="Ekonomio di Francia">Ekonomio di Francia</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>L'ekonomio di Francia esas la 7ma maxim granda del mondo, e la 2ma maxim granda del <a href="/wiki/Europana_Uniono" title="Europana Uniono">Europana Uniono</a>. Sideyo por 39 ek la 500 maxim granda kompanii del mondo, ol havas plura kompanii inter la maxim granda del mondo kam <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> ed <a href="/wiki/Unionita_Rejio" title="Unionita Rejio">Unionita Rejio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ensemble kun altra 11 landi Francia adoptis l'<a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> en <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a> e remplasis komplete la franko (₣).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a> lua <a href="/wiki/Totala_nacionala_produkturo" title="Totala nacionala produkturo">Totala nacionala produkturo</a> esis 2 587 miliardi dolari.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Agrokultivo" title="Agrokultivo">Agrokultivo</a> reprezentas 1.7 % de la TNP, <a href="/wiki/Industrio" title="Industrio">industrio</a> reprezentas 19,4%, e servadi reprezentas 78.9%. Francia esas membro dil <a href="/wiki/G8" title="G8">G8</a> (grupo di la precipua industriala landi) e di <a href="/wiki/Mondal_organizuro_pri_komerco" title="Mondal organizuro pri komerco">Mondal organizuro pri komerco</a>. </p><p>Historiale, Francia esas granda produktero di agrokultivala produkturi.<sup id="cite_ref-agriculture_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agriculture-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fertila suli, l'uzo di moderna teknologio e la subsidiaji de <a href="/wiki/Europana_Uniono" title="Europana Uniono">Europana Uniono</a> transformacis Francia en la precipua agrokultivala produktero ed exportacero de <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (ol reprezentas 20% de l'agrokultivala produktado dil <a href="/wiki/Europana_Uniono" title="Europana Uniono">Europana Uniono</a><sup id="cite_ref-ministère_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ministère-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Lua precipua agrokultivala produkturi por exportacajo esas <a href="/wiki/Frumento" title="Frumento">frumento</a>, pultro, lakterio, bovokarno e porkokarno, ed anke industriizita nutrivi. La <a href="/wiki/Vino" title="Vino">vino</a> "rozea" (<i>rosé</i>) konsumesas precipue en Francia, kontre ke la vini <a href="/wiki/Champanio" title="Champanio">champanio</a> e <i>bordeaux</i> esas precipue exportacata. </p><p>La maxim importanta industriala produkturi esas aeroplani, automobili, mashini, kemialaji ed elektronikala kompozanti, exemple la mikonduktori produktita en <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a>, "la Silikovalo di Francia". Quankam pos la duimo dil yari 1990a multa statala firmi privatigesis, la stato duras kontrolar granda parto de la funcionado di la ekonomio, e duras tenar acioni di multa firmi, exemple banki, energiala kompanii, kompanii di transporto e di <a href="/wiki/Informatiko" title="Informatiko">informatiko</a>. Dum la fino di <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a> ed en <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a> eventis forta financala krizo, e la depreso ekonomikala dum 2010 e 2011 augmentis la <a href="/wiki/Chomeso" title="Chomeso">chomeso</a> til plu kam 9% de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Labor-povo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labor-povo (pagino ne existas)">labor-povo</a>. En 2010 Francia anuncis ke ol konsumus cirkume 26 miliardi Euri por helpar firmi minacata di bankroto. </p><p>Preske 79% del <a href="/wiki/Energio" title="Energio">energio</a> konsumata en Francia havas nukleara origino. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografio">Demografio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Redaktar seciono: Demografio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=23" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Demografio"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:%C3%89volution_d%C3%A9mographique_compar%C3%A9e_-_France,_Allemagne_et_Royaume-Uni.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%C3%89volution_d%C3%A9mographique_compar%C3%A9e_-_France%2C_Allemagne_et_Royaume-Uni.svg/330px-%C3%89volution_d%C3%A9mographique_compar%C3%A9e_-_France%2C_Allemagne_et_Royaume-Uni.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%C3%89volution_d%C3%A9mographique_compar%C3%A9e_-_France%2C_Allemagne_et_Royaume-Uni.svg/495px-%C3%89volution_d%C3%A9mographique_compar%C3%A9e_-_France%2C_Allemagne_et_Royaume-Uni.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%C3%89volution_d%C3%A9mographique_compar%C3%A9e_-_France%2C_Allemagne_et_Royaume-Uni.svg/660px-%C3%89volution_d%C3%A9mographique_compar%C3%A9e_-_France%2C_Allemagne_et_Royaume-Uni.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Evoluciono dil habitantaro di metropolala Francia pos 1801, kompare Germana e Britaniana habitantaro (baso 100 = 1800 o 1801)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Segun statistiki de <i>The World Factbook</i> por julio 2021, Francia havis 68 084 217 habitanti.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La maxim multa habitanti rezultis de mixuro di Kelti kun Romani e Germani. Alra populi existas en diferanta regioni de Europana Francia, exemple Bretoni en <a href="/wiki/Bretonia" title="Bretonia">Bretonia</a>, Aquitani en <a href="/wiki/Nov-Aquitania" class="mw-redirect" title="Nov-Aquitania">Nov-Aquitania</a>, Alemani nord-weste, e Liguriani sudeste. </p><p>L'oficala linguo di la lando esas <a href="/wiki/Franca_linguo" title="Franca linguo">Franca</a>, oficala en 100% de la lando. Regionala dialekti e lingui, exemple <a href="/wiki/Ocitaniana_linguo" title="Ocitaniana linguo">Ocitana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bretona_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretona linguo">Bretona</a>, Alzaciana, Korsikana, Kataluniana, Baska, Flandriana e Pikarda, gradope desaparas.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pluse, l'urbi <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, Marseille, Nantes, Paris, Saint-Denis de la Réunion, Tours, asociita urbi di Angoulême, Nice e Poitiers, asociita membri di la komunitato di aglomerajo Evry Centre Essonne e la komunitato urbala di Bordeaux anke asociuro di komoni ed transmara ensembli esas membri di internaciona asociuro di Franca-parolanta urbestri. </p><p>Ultre la Franca, en 1999 parolesis sepadek e kin altra lingui, inkluzite regionala lingui, lingui parolata dal enmigranti e dialekti parolata en la trasmara domeni, segun raporto dal linguisto Bernard Cerquiglini. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Cath%C3%A9drale10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cath%C3%A9drale10.jpg/280px-Cath%C3%A9drale10.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cath%C3%A9drale10.jpg/420px-Cath%C3%A9drale10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cath%C3%A9drale10.jpg/560px-Cath%C3%A9drale10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Til 1825 la reji di Francia kronizesis en la katedralo di Reims.</figcaption></figure> <p>Segun statistiki por la yaro 2015, la maxim praktikata religio en Francia esas <a href="/wiki/Kristanismo" title="Kristanismo">kristanismo</a>: 63% til 66% de la habitantaro, la maxim multa katoliki. Mohamedani esas de 7% til 9%, Budisti de 0,5% til 0,75%, Judi de 0,5% til 0,75%, altri de 0,5% til 1%, e de 23% til 28% havas nula religio.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pos lego aprobita ye la 9ma di decembro 1905, stato e religio esas legale separata en Francia. La Republiko Franca ne agnoskas kom oficala, salarias o subvencionas irga kulto, excepte en Alzacia-Mozel, ube kulto katolika, du kulti protestanta e la kulto judala agnoskesas. La komunitato <a href="/wiki/Judo" class="mw-redirect" title="Judo">Juda</a> en Francia esas la maxim granda de Europa e la 3ma maxim granda de la mondo, dop <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> ed <a href="/wiki/Usa" title="Usa">Usa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enmigro,_stranjeri_e_minoritati"><span id="Enmigro.2C_stranjeri_e_minoritati"></span>Enmigro, stranjeri e minoritati</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Redaktar seciono: Enmigro, stranjeri e minoritati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=24" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Enmigro, stranjeri e minoritati"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Segun demografo Michèle Tribalat, 14 milion personi (cirkume la quarimo de la habitantaro di la lando) en 1999 havis adminime un parento od avo qua esis enmigranto. Gérard Noiriel opinionis ke en 2002 ta proporciono esis proxim la triimo de la habitantaro, se on konsideras la preavi. Segun plu restrikiva defino uzata en Francia, en metropolala Francia habitis 5,3 milion enmigrinti en 2008, esinta 1 100 000 plua kam en 1999 e 8.9 % ek omna habitantaro. Ek omna habitanti, 40% havis Franca nacionaneso, aquirita per civitanigo o per mariajo. Enmigrinti originas precipue de altra landi Europana (34 %) de <a href="/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb">Magreb</a> (30 %), de Azia (14 %, de qui la triimo esas Turka), e de subSaharan Afrika (11 %). Filii de enmigrinti, direta decendanti de un o du enmigrinti, esis 6.5 milioni en 2008, to esas 11% de la habitantaro. Ek li, 3 milion havis amba genitori enmigrinti. </p><p>La mezavalora revenuo dil enmigranti esas infre la triimo de olta di la nacionani. Ordinare enmigranti, nome kelka minoritati, kelkafoye subisas diskriminaco en Francia. Pro ankore necerta motivi, kelka enmigranti e/o lia decendanti adoptas religiala radikalismo. </p><p><br /> </p> <table align="center" class="noprint" style="width:80%; margin:10px auto; border-collapse:collapse; background: #fbfbfb; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-top: 5px solid #F4C430}}};"> <tbody><tr> <td width="8%;" align="center"><div style="width:52px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Commons-emblem-trademark-issue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Commons-emblem-trademark-issue.svg/30px-Commons-emblem-trademark-issue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Commons-emblem-trademark-issue.svg/45px-Commons-emblem-trademark-issue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Commons-emblem-trademark-issue.svg/60px-Commons-emblem-trademark-issue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg/30px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg/45px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </div> </td> <td width="91%">Ica artiklo bezonas revizo da ula persono qua konocas ambe Ido, ed ica temo ciencala, teknologiala, matematikala, filozofiala, sportala, edc.<br /><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Pagini_revizinda" title="Wikipedio:Pagini revizinda">Ka vu povas helpar ni revizar ol?</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/30px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/45px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table align="center" class="noprint" style="width:80%; margin:10px auto; border-collapse:collapse; background: #fbfbfb; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-top: 5px solid #F28500}}};"> <tbody><tr> <td width="8%;" align="center"><div style="width:52px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Commons-emblem-issue.svg/40px-Commons-emblem-issue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Commons-emblem-issue.svg/60px-Commons-emblem-issue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Commons-emblem-issue.svg/80px-Commons-emblem-issue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </div> </td> <td width="91%"><b>Ica seciono od artiklo havas un o plura problemi:</b><br />- erori pri sintaxo o gramatiko<br />- konfuza texto o mala tradukuro<br />- manko di importanta informi pri la temo<br />- violaco di autoroyuro.<br /><br />Ol mustos revizesar komplete. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eduko">Eduko</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Redaktar seciono: Eduko" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=25" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Eduko"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:EducationFr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/EducationFr.svg/280px-EducationFr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="412" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/EducationFr.svg/420px-EducationFr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/EducationFr.svg/560px-EducationFr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2481" data-file-height="3654" /></a><figcaption>Organizo di sekundara docado en Francia.</figcaption></figure> <p>En Francia, instrukto esas obligata de sis a dek e sis yari, ed publika skolo esas laika e gratuita. Tante la formaco e salario di docantaro, same kam la selekto di programi, resortisas ad stato, la jerado di primara e sekundara edukerii resortisas di teritoriala ensembli. </p><p>Primara instrukto desvolvesas en du fazi. Matrala skolo, qua aceptas la tre yuna pueri, donas su por skopo lua veko, lua socialeso* e lokizo di fundamentala implementi qua esas linguo e nombro. Pose, proxim evas sis yari, pueri esas aceptita per elementala skolo, di qua l'unesma skopi esas aprentiseso di lektado, skribado e kalkulo, e civitala edukado. </p><p>Sekundara instrukto desvolvesas ipsa en du cikli. L'unesma esas disdonita en kolegio ed finas en nacionala diplomo di kapableso. La duesma esas disdonita en liceo e finas en finala e nacionala exameni : bachelereso (profesionala, teknologiala e generala) e certigo di profesionala kapableso (CAPA en agrokultiva instrukto). Pri l'instrukto supera en Francia, kunexistas l'universitati e la sistemo di granda skoli, ube on eniras ordinare per konkurso en fino di preparanta klasi. Superiora instrukti por certigo di supera teknikisto e preparanta klasi ad granda skoli esas disdonita en licei o privata edukerii. Granda skoli ordinare judikesas ambe kom plu efikiva e plu elitista kam universitati. </p><p>Altralatere, proxim 17 % di skolani di primara e sekundara instrukto esas lokizita en privata edukerii, precipua sub kontrado di asociuro kun stato ed ofte konfesionala. </p><p>Francia experiencis depos la liberigo granda plularjigo instruktado. En 1936 min kam 3% de la klaso di yaro obtenis bachelereso; ta procento esas pasita ad 30 % en 1985 e 60 % en 1995. Tamen, ta demokratigeso* di instrukto ne supresass la sociala neegalesi : 25 % di pueri di manuala laboristi naskinta inter 1974 e 1978 esas diplomizita di superiora instrukto, kontre 77 % di pueri di kadri. Ta neegalesi esas ankore plu importanta en granda skoli: nur 2,9 % di lernanti admizita en Skoli nacionala di administrado ye 2008 havis parento manuala laboristo. </p><p>Segun la programo PISA di komparado di nacionala edukala sistemi, la rezultaji di Franca edukala sistemo esas deceptanta compare ad altra stati membri di <a href="/wiki/Organizuro_por_Kunlaboro_ed_Ekonomiala_Developo" title="Organizuro por Kunlaboro ed Ekonomiala Developo">OKED</a>, en partikulara depos l'inquesto PISA ye 2003. Malgre la projeti por alfabetigar omna habitanti, l'iliterateso afektas 3.1 milioni personi, equivalanta a 9 % de la habitantaro evante 18 til 65 yari en Francia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saneso">Saneso</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Redaktar seciono: Saneso" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=26" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Saneso"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La kusto di Franca medikaro esas grandaparte pagata per la sistemo di social askuro. La lando havis 3,22 mediki por 1 000 habitanti en 2008, un ek la maxim alta procenti del mondo. La Franci beneficas egale di un ek la vivoexpekto maxim longa del mondo, mem se la procento di prematura mortemeso (ante 65 evo) esas alta. La medikala spenso yarala per habitanti esis € 4719 en 2008. </p><p>Tamen, la saneso dil habitantaro ne esas ecelanta en omna domeno. Malgre la falo di konsumado di vino pos la yari 1960a, Franci restas la duesma konsumanti di alkoholo en westal Europa pos Irlando, e malgre l'intensa kampanii kontre tabako, 29% ek la personi evante 18 til 75 yari fumis omnadie en 2005. Pri interdiktata drogi, la maxim konsumita esas <a href="/wiki/Kanabo" title="Kanabo">kanabo</a>: segun statistiki de 2005, 39% ek la viri evante 18 til 25 yari konsumis ol. </p><p>Pluse, Francia esas un ek la landi di Europa qua konocas la maxim nombro di depresiva perturbesi. Francia esas la maxim importanta konsumero di antidepresivi di Europa, e havas un ek la maxim alta procento di suocidi de Europa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Informomoyeni">Informomoyeni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Redaktar seciono: Informomoyeni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=27" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Informomoyeni"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:AudiencesTF1FR2FR3M6.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/AudiencesTF1FR2FR3M6.png/220px-AudiencesTF1FR2FR3M6.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/AudiencesTF1FR2FR3M6.png/330px-AudiencesTF1FR2FR3M6.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/AudiencesTF1FR2FR3M6.png/440px-AudiencesTF1FR2FR3M6.png 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption>Asistantari TF1 (obskura blue), France 2 (rede), France 3 (klara blue) e M6 (flave).</figcaption></figure> <p>Lego publikigita en Francia ye la <a href="/wiki/29ma_di_julio" title="29ma di julio">29ma di julio</a> <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a> institucis e samatempe limitis la libereso di jurnalaro. </p><p>Se regionala, semanala e tematala jurnalaro vendas su bone en Francia, nacionala jurnalaro diala di generalista informo difuzesas poka exter la chef-urbo. La kin precipua titri di ta kategorio (<i>Le Figaro</i>, <i>Le Monde</i>, <i>Aujourd’hui en France</i>, <i>Libération</i> e <i>La Croix</i>) kune vendas nur min kam 1 milioni exempleri singladie, dum ke Japonia diala jurnalo <i>Yomiuri Shinbum</i> vendas plu kam 14 milioni. </p><p>Depos 1981 kun la legaligo di "libera radii", l'emisili di publika radio jeranta da <i>Radio France</i> esas konkurencata da privata emisili, ofte propraji di granda grupi di medii. Ja lore, inter la quaresma emisili di radio en kumulita audienco en novembro-decembro 2009 (RTL, NRJ, France Inter ed Europe 1), nur la triesma esas publika. Same, depos l'aparo di unesma privata televiziono-kanalo (<i>Canal +</i>) en 1984, multa televizion-stacioni privata inauguresis, difuzita per radioelektro, kablo, satelito o plu recente per terala numerala televiziono (TNT). La tri precipua kanali esas <i>TF1</i>, <i>France 2</i> e <i>M6</i>, nur <i>France 2</i> apartenas a la grupo <i>France Télévisions</i>. </p><p>Segun statistiki de decembro 2009 pri aceso ad <a href="/wiki/Interreto" title="Interreto">interreto</a>, 65% de Franci evanta 11 yari o pluse uzis interreto. </p><p>Inter 2002 e 2009, Francia regresis de 11ma a 43ma en rango pri libereso di <a href="/wiki/Komunikilaro" title="Komunikilaro">komunikilaro</a> en la mondo, segun organizuro <i>Reporters sans frontières</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sporto">Sporto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Redaktar seciono: Sporto" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=28" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Sporto"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Amelie_Mauresmo_at_the_2008_US_Open.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Amelie_Mauresmo_at_the_2008_US_Open.jpg/220px-Amelie_Mauresmo_at_the_2008_US_Open.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Amelie_Mauresmo_at_the_2008_US_Open.jpg/330px-Amelie_Mauresmo_at_the_2008_US_Open.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Amelie_Mauresmo_at_the_2008_US_Open.jpg/440px-Amelie_Mauresmo_at_the_2008_US_Open.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1109" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption>Amélie Mauresmo esis en 2004 e 2006 la unesma-ranga tenisistino mondala segun klasifikeso WTA.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sporto en Francia karakterizesas per anciena sportala tradiciono e granda diverseso di modalesi praktikata en alta nivelo. Francia havas preponderanta rolo en l'organizo di moderna sporto e sua premio-listo* pos la fino dil 19ma yarcento, esante fakte un ek la maxim premiizita nacioni del mondo pri multa sporti. Por la yaro 2012. Francia esas quaresma di mondala klasifikeso establisita da Havas Sports & Entertainment (e duesma Europana naciono dop Rusia) qua kontas plu ke 1 600 sportala eventaji. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Futbalo" title="Futbalo">Futbalo</a> esas la maxim populara sporto, kun plua kam 2.3 milion luderi (di qui 97% viri), augmentis sua populareso pos Francia vinkir la <a href="/wiki/Mondala_Kupo_di_Futbalo" title="Mondala Kupo di Futbalo">Mondala Kupo di Futbalo</a> en 1998 e pose la championkonkurso di Europa en 2000. Teniso (duesma maxim populara sporto segun la quanto di luderi), <a href="/wiki/Kavalkado" title="Kavalkado">kavalkado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judoo" title="Judoo">judoo</a>*, <a href="/wiki/Basketbalo" title="Basketbalo">basketbalo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handbalo" title="Handbalo">handbalo</a>* e <a href="/wiki/Golfo" title="Golfo">golfo</a> anke praktikesas multe, sen omisar <a href="/wiki/Rugbio" title="Rugbio">rugbio</a>* e petanko*, precipue sude de la lando. En <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a> la lando ganis duesmafoye la <a href="/wiki/Mondala_Kupo_di_Futbalo" title="Mondala Kupo di Futbalo">Mondala Kupo di Futbalo</a>. </p><p>Cirkume sep milioni Franci praktikas <a href="/wiki/Skio" title="Skio">skio</a> omna vintri, maxim ofte exter la klubi sportala. Skermado e ciklismo esas sporti en qui Francia recevis la maxim granda nombro di Olimpiala medalii, rispektive 44 e 41 olimpiala tituli, til 2010. </p><p>Du importanta sportala eventi yarala esas la teniso-konkurso internaciona di Roland Garros qua eventas en Paris, e la biciklo-konkurso <a href="/wiki/Turo_di_Francia" title="Turo di Francia">Turo di Francia</a>. En 2016 Francia gastigis la Kupo Europana pri Futbalo <i>Euro 2016</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partopreno_en_sindikati_ed_en_politikala_partisi">Partopreno en sindikati ed en politikala partisi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Redaktar seciono: Partopreno en sindikati ed en politikala partisi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=29" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Partopreno en sindikati ed en politikala partisi"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Anti_CPE_-_Paris_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Anti_CPE_-_Paris_2006.jpg/220px-Anti_CPE_-_Paris_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Anti_CPE_-_Paris_2006.jpg/330px-Anti_CPE_-_Paris_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Anti_CPE_-_Paris_2006.jpg/440px-Anti_CPE_-_Paris_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>Manifesto kontre CPE en Paris en 2006.</figcaption></figure> <p>Malgre ke la quanto di personi qui votas en elekti diminutabas, altralatere la quanto di personi qui partoprenas en protesti kreskabas.<sup id="cite_ref-Maurin_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maurin-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En 2008, 42% ek la habitanti partoprenis adminime unfoye en protesti, kontre 25% en 1981. Kompare ad altra developata landi, Francia esas ofte vidita kom lando ube demonstri e striki esas frequa. </p><p>En Francia, poka personi partoprenas en politikala partisi, e nur 8% ek la laboristi asociis su ad ula <a href="/wiki/Sindikato" class="mw-disambig" title="Sindikato">sindikato</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kulturo">Kulturo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Redaktar seciono: Kulturo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=30" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Kulturo"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Franca kulturo, nome lua edukala sistemo, militaral organizado, la linguo <a href="/wiki/Franca_linguo" title="Franca linguo">Franca</a>, lua artala movadi pri <a href="/wiki/Pikto" title="Pikto">pikto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literaturo" title="Literaturo">literaturo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arkitekturo" title="Arkitekturo">arkitekturo</a>, edc, exercis e duras exercar granda influo en la mondo. Lua <a href="/wiki/Cinemo" title="Cinemo">cinemo</a> anke esas remarkinda de multa yari: la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fratuli_Lumi%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fratuli Lumière (pagino ne existas)">fratuli Lumière</a> inventis la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinematografilo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinematografilo (pagino ne existas)">cinematografilo</a>. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a> Francia modifikis lua <a href="/wiki/Konstituco" title="Konstituco">konstituco</a> por agnoskar regionala lingui, exemple <a href="/wiki/Okcitaniana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Okcitaniana linguo">Okcitaniana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baska_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Baska linguo">Baska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bretona_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretona linguo">Bretona</a> e <a href="/wiki/Alzaciana_linguo" title="Alzaciana linguo">Alzaciana</a>. </p><p>La simbolo di la lando esas <a href="/wiki/Hano" title="Hano">hanulo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arkitekturala_patrimonio">Arkitekturala patrimonio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Redaktar seciono: Arkitekturala patrimonio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=31" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Arkitekturala patrimonio"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Chateau_Versailles_Galerie_des_Glaces.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Chateau_Versailles_Galerie_des_Glaces.jpg/280px-Chateau_Versailles_Galerie_des_Glaces.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Chateau_Versailles_Galerie_des_Glaces.jpg/420px-Chateau_Versailles_Galerie_des_Glaces.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Chateau_Versailles_Galerie_des_Glaces.jpg/560px-Chateau_Versailles_Galerie_des_Glaces.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3892" data-file-height="2584" /></a><figcaption>Galerio di speguli di kastelo Versailles, maestroverko di baroka arkitekturo dil 17ma yarcento.</figcaption></figure> <p>Francia posedas richa patrimonio arkitekturala, testo di lua longa historio e la renkontro di diversa civilizuri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Konstrukturi_judikata_kom_Patrimonii_de_la_Homaro">Konstrukturi judikata kom Patrimonii de la Homaro</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Redaktar seciono: Konstrukturi judikata kom Patrimonii de la Homaro" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=32" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Konstrukturi judikata kom Patrimonii de la Homaro"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ek la 753 kulturala loki judikata kom mondala patrimonii segun l'<a href="/wiki/UNESKO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESKO">UNESKO</a> ye la 27ma di januaro 2012, 34 jacas en Francia, qua rangizesas 3ma en la mondo segun la quanto di mondala patrimonii. L'arkitekturala patrimonio Franca inkluzas edifici religiala (exemple l'abadeyo di Fontenay), civila (exemple la kasteli dil Loire-valo), industriala (rejala salino di Arc-et-Senans), militala (l'urbi fortifikita di Vauban) ed urbala (exemple la placo Stanislas en Nancy, o la centrala quartero di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strasburg (pagino ne existas)">Strasburg</a>). Ol inkluzas exempleri pri l'arkitekturo di omna epoki, de l'arkitekturo Romana (exemple, la ponto di Gard) til la moderna arkitekturo pos la <a href="/wiki/Duesma_mondomilito" title="Duesma mondomilito">Duesma mondomilito</a> (la centro dil urbo <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a>), inkluzite maestroverki Romana (l'abadeyo di Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe), Gotika (katedralo di Chartres) e klasika (kanalo di Midi). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Konstrukturi_di_historiala_interesto">Konstrukturi di historiala interesto</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Redaktar seciono: Konstrukturi di historiala interesto" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=33" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Konstrukturi di historiala interesto"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pos 1840 la stato Franca povas klasifikar kom historiala patrimonio la konstrukturi di interesto historiala, arkitekturala, patrimoniala o kulturala, ed anke kelka moblala havaji (kloshi). To grantas legala protektado, e helpo por restaurar e mantenar la kozi protektata. Ye la 31ma di decembro 2008, existis en Francia 43 180 historiala konstrukturi enrejistrata o klasifikata. Diversa arkitekti de diversa epoki, exemple <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_de_Montreuil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre de Montreuil (pagino ne existas)">Pierre de Montreuil</a> dum <a href="/wiki/Mezepoko" title="Mezepoko">Mezepoko</a>; Lescot Delorme ed Androuet du Cerceau dum <a href="/wiki/Renesanco" title="Renesanco">Renesanco</a>; Mansart, Le Vau, Hardouin-Mansart, Gabriel e Claude-Nicolas Ledoux dum klasika e neoklasika epoki; Viollet-le-Duc, Garnier e <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Eiffel" title="Gustave Eiffel">Gustave Eiffel</a> dum la 19ma yarcento; e Le Corbusier e Perret dum la moderna epoko, kreis edifici qui formacas la nuna patrimonio arkitekturala Franca. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artala_patrimonio_e_kultural_eventaji">Artala patrimonio e kultural eventaji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Redaktar seciono: Artala patrimonio e kultural eventaji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=34" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Artala patrimonio e kultural eventaji"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malgre ke artala produkturi en Francia atestesas de la <a href="/wiki/Prehistorio" title="Prehistorio">prehistorio</a>, on ne povas parolar pri "Franca arto" ante la komenco di la duesma yarmilo, epoko en qua la stato e la naciono komencis formacesar. Pos ta epoko, la bel arti Franca divenis maxim-multa-kaze simila a la resto di westal Europa, exemple la Romanika artajo dum la 11ma e 12ma yarcenti e la Gotika artajo dum la 12ma e 13ma yarcenti; la celebro di la povo di Franca monarkio, di "privilejizita spaco" (A. Chastel) e reprezento di sakrajo divenis la precipua temi dil arto, precipue kande komendita da povoza autoritati politikala o religiala. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Renesanco" title="Renesanco">Renesanco</a>, la Klasikismo di la <a href="/wiki/17ma_yarcento" title="17ma yarcento">17ma yarcento</a>, e la Neoklasikismo di la 18ma yarcento expresis la sercho di ordeno e pompo, sub influi del antiqua arto Italiana. Dum la moderna epoko aparis individuala figuri di artisti, exemple piktisti Fouquet, Poussin, La Tour, Watteau, Boucher, Chardin, Fragonard, Greuze, David, Gros ed Ingres, e skultisti Goujon, Girardon, Coysevox, Puget e Houdon. Francia influis la precipua artala movadi de la 19ma e 20ma yarcento: Romantikismo (Delacroix e Géricault), realismo (Courbet), impresionismo (Monet, Renoir, Manet, Degas) e neo-impresionismo (Seurat, Van Gogh, <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>, Gauguin), <a href="/wiki/Fauvismo" title="Fauvismo">fauvismo</a> (Matisse, Derain, Vlaminck), kubismo (Braque, Picasso, Léger) od ankore surrealismo (Duchamp) inkluzas Franc artisti inter lua precipua reprezentanti. Auguste Rodin, en sua latero, revolucionas skultado dum la fino dil 19ma yarcento. </p><p>Diferanta de altra landi qui havas poka skriptisti famoza, Franca literaturo havas multa importanta nomi qui apartenis a diferanta movadi o skribis segun diferanta stili. Exemple: dum Mezepoko, poeti Chrétien de Troyes e Villon; dum la <a href="/wiki/Renesanco" title="Renesanco">Renesanco</a> (16ma yarcento) pedagogo e skriptisto Rabelais, esayisto <a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne" title="Michel de Montaigne">Michel de Montaigne</a> e poeti Du Bellay e Ronsard. Dum la 17ma yarcento, dramatisti Corneille, Racine e Molière, poeto Boileau, fablisto <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Fontaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Fontaine (pagino ne existas)">La Fontaine</a>, e matematikisto e filozofo <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a>; dum 18ma yarcento, <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>, Diderot e Rousseau, romanisti Prévost, Laclos e Sade, e dramatisti Marivaux e Beaumarchais. Dum la 19ma yarcento, romanisti <a href="/wiki/Stendhal" title="Stendhal">Stendhal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas,_patro" title="Alexandre Dumas, patro">Alexandre Dumas, patro</a> ed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Dumas,_filio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandre Dumas, filio (pagino ne existas)">Alexandre Dumas, filio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Gustave Flaubert</a> ed <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola" title="Émile Zola">Émile Zola</a>, biografo Chateaubriand, e poeti Lamartine, Musset, Baudelaire, Vigny, Rimbaud e Mallarmé. Dum 20ma yarcento on povas tamen citar poeti Apollinaire, Éluard, Aragon, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Char&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Char (pagino ne existas)">René Char</a> e Prévert, romanisti Proust, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a>, Céline, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a>, Camus e Sarraute, e dramatisti Giraudoux, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a>, Beckett ed Ionesco. </p><p>Dividita dum <a href="/wiki/Mezepoko" title="Mezepoko">Mezepoko</a> inter la religiala arto qua inspiris Gregoriala kanto, e la profana kanto di trubaduri e voyajanti, Franca <a href="/wiki/Muziko" title="Muziko">muziko</a> atingis notoreso pos l'epoko klasika, pro la verki di kompozisti exemple Lully e Charpentier dum a 17ma yarcento, Rameau dum la 18ma yarcento, <a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Hector Berlioz</a>, Gounod e Bizet Dum la 19ma yarcento, o Débussy dum 20ma yarcento — multa di ta artisti kompozas operi. Depos frua 20ma yarcento, la muziko nominita "populala" rapide expansis, mixanta jenri propra a Francia (kansono) kun importita generi (rock e rap note), e posibliganta a exterrangi kam Claude François, Johnny Hallyday, Sheila, Michel Sardou o Jean-Jacques Goldman vendar deko di milioni di diski. </p><p>Cinemo, inventita en 1895 en Lyon dal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fratuli_Lumi%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fratuli Lumière (pagino ne existas)">fratuli Lumière</a>, esas importanta kultural agado en Francia malgre la konkurenco di <a href="/wiki/Hollywood" title="Hollywood">Hollywood</a>: en 2005 Francia esis la sisesma mondala produktero ed l'unesma Europana produktero di longa filmi. Franca cinemo, nome <a href="/wiki/Komedio" title="Komedio">komedii</a> e "filmi di autori" lansata pos la yari 1980a, e precipue dum la <a href="/wiki/Yari_2000a" title="Yari 2000a">yari 2000a</a> produktis kelka filmi qui obtenis suceso mondala, exemple <i>Le Fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain</i> o <i>La Marche de l'empereur</i>. L'Internaciona Festivalo pri Cinemo qua eventas omnayare en <a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a>, esas la kulturala eventajo la maxim mediatigata en mondo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literaturo">Literaturo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Redaktar seciono: Literaturo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=35" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Literaturo"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Literaturo" title="Literaturo">literaturo</a> di Francia komencis dum <a href="/wiki/Mezepoko" title="Mezepoko">Mezepoko</a>, ed esas notinda la poezio di <a href="/wiki/Trubaduro" title="Trubaduro">trubaduri</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ocitaniana_linguo" title="Ocitaniana linguo">Ocitaniana linguo</a>. Dum la <a href="/wiki/16ma_yarcento" title="16ma yarcento">16ma yarcento</a>, importanta skriptisto esis <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais" title="François Rabelais">François Rabelais</a>. Dum la <a href="/wiki/17ma_yarcento" title="17ma yarcento">17ma yarcento</a> aparis tri importanta teatrala skriptisti: <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Corneille" title="Pierre Corneille">Pierre Corneille</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jean_Racine" title="Jean Racine">Jean Racine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a>, qui profunde influis la Franca aristokrataro, esis importanta filozofi Franca. </p><p>Literaturo e <a href="/wiki/Poezio" title="Poezio">poezio</a> en <a href="/wiki/Franca_linguo" title="Franca linguo">Franca linguo</a> kreskis dum la <a href="/wiki/18ma_yarcento" title="18ma yarcento">18ma</a> e <a href="/wiki/19ma_yarcento" title="19ma yarcento">19ma</a> yarcenti e komencis influar la mondala kulturo, exemple la verki di <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a>. Pri puerala literaturo, esas remarkinda la verki da <a href="/wiki/Charles_Perrault" title="Charles Perrault">Charles Perrault</a>. Dum la <a href="/wiki/19ma_yarcento" title="19ma yarcento">19ma yarcento</a> aparis importanta skriptisti, exemple <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas,_patro" title="Alexandre Dumas, patro">Alexandre Dumas, patro</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Dumas,_filio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandre Dumas, filio (pagino ne existas)">Alexandre Dumas, filio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola" title="Émile Zola">Émile Zola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_de_Maupassant" title="Guy de Maupassant">Guy de Maupassant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Gautier" title="Théophile Gautier">Théophile Gautier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Charles Baudelaire</a> e <a href="/wiki/Stendhal" title="Stendhal">Stendhal</a>, ed anke la poeti <a href="/wiki/Paul_Verlaine" title="Paul Verlaine">Paul Verlaine</a> e <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Mallarm%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Mallarmé">Stéphane Mallarmé</a>. Dum la <a href="/wiki/20ma_yarcento" title="20ma yarcento">20ma yarcento</a> aparis importanta nomi, exemple <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Marcel Proust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis-Ferdinand_C%C3%A9line" title="Louis-Ferdinand Céline">Louis-Ferdinand Céline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">Frédéric Mistral</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a>. <a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Saint-Exup%C3%A9ry" title="Antoine de Saint-Exupéry">Antoine de Saint-Exupéry</a> skribis <i><a href="/wiki/La_Princeto" title="La Princeto">La Princeto</a></i> por pueri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ciencala_tradiciono">Ciencala tradiciono</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Redaktar seciono: Ciencala tradiciono" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=36" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Ciencala tradiciono"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Depos Mezepoko, Francia divenis importanta centro por konoci e deskovri. Poke pos lua fondo en 1200, l'universitato di Paris divenis un ek la maxim importanta universitati dil Ocidento. Til la 1ma di septembro 2010, 56 Franci ganabis <a href="/wiki/Nobel-premio" title="Nobel-premio">Nobel-premio</a>, e dek ed un obtenabis la medalio <i>Fields</i>. </p><p>Dum la 17ma yarcento, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a> definis metodo por aquirado di ciencala konoco, kontre ke <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a> divenis famoza por sua verko pri kalkulo di probablesi e la mekaniko di fluidi. Dum la <a href="/wiki/18ma_yarcento" title="18ma yarcento">18ma yarcento</a>, verki dal biologiisto Buffon e dal kemiisto <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> - ca lasta deskovrinto di la rolo di <a href="/wiki/Oxo" title="Oxo">oxo</a> en kombusto -, e l'edito dil <i>Enciklopedio</i> da Diderot e d'Alembert expansis ciencala konoco. Dum la 19ma yarcento, <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Fresnel" title="Augustin Fresnel">Augustin Fresnel</a> developis la moderna <a href="/wiki/Optiko" title="Optiko">optiko</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot">Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot</a> studiis <a href="/wiki/Termodinamiko" title="Termodinamiko">termodinamiko</a>, e <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a> esis pioniro pri mikrobiologio. Dum la 20ma yarcento, on povas mencionar matematikisto e fizikisto <a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Henri Poincaré</a>, fizikisti <a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Henri Becquerel</a>, la gespozi <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a> (qui divenis famoza por lia verki pri <a href="/wiki/Radioaktiveso" title="Radioaktiveso">radioaktiveso</a>), fizikisto <a href="/wiki/Paul_Langevin" title="Paul Langevin">Paul Langevin</a> ed anke virologiisto <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Luc Montagnier</a>, kundeskovrinto dil viruso dil <a href="/wiki/Sindromo_di_Imuno-Defekteso_Aquirita_(AIDS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindromo di Imuno-Defekteso Aquirita (AIDS)">AIDS</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gastronomio">Gastronomio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Redaktar seciono: Gastronomio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=37" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Gastronomio"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Franca <a href="/wiki/Gastronomio" title="Gastronomio">gastronomio</a> esas famoza pro lua bona agrokultivala produkturi, nome vini (<i>champagne</i>, vini de la regioni Bordeaux o Burgundia, e.c) e fromaji (<i>roquefort</i>, <i>camembert</i> edc.), e pro la nomizita "supera gastronomio" praktikata pos la 18ma yarcento. Tamen, Franca manjajo esas multe diversigata, ed konsistas precipue ek regionala specalaji qui konquestis tota lando, exemple <a href="/wiki/Alzacia" title="Alzacia">Alzaciana</a> surkruto, Lotringiana <i>quiche</i>, porkohachajo de Le Mans, Burgundiana bovi, grasa hepato <i>périgourdin</i>, <i>cassoulet</i> de Lengadocia, <i>tapenade</i> de Provenco, keneli de Lyon. Ultre to, existas "gastronomiala frontieri" qui "separas" la nordo (qua uzas <a href="/wiki/Butro" title="Butro">butro</a> e shaloto por koquar) e la sudo (qua preferas oliv-oleo ed alio) di la lando, ed inter regioni qui uzas nutrivi obtenita de la tero (exemple <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9rigord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Périgord (pagino ne existas)">Périgord</a>) ed altra qui uzas nutrivi obtenita de la maro, exemple Provenco. Tamen, nun ica frontieri tendencas desaparar, pro simileso di vivomanieri en la tota mondo. </p><p>La "Gastronomio di Francia" enskribesis ye la 16ma di novembro 2010 en la listo di la kulturala nemateriala patrimonio dil homaro, segun <a href="/wiki/UNESKO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESKO">UNESKO</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referi">Referi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Redaktar seciono: Referi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=38" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Referi"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <small><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CIA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-3">1,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-4">1,4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/france/">The World Factbook: France</a> - Autoro: CIA. URL vidita ye 4ma di mayo 2015. Idiomo: Angla.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Autoro: Jean Carpentier (dir.), François Lebrun (dir.), Alain Tranoy, Élisabeth Carpentier et Jean-Marie Mayeur (prefaco da Jacques Le Goff),. '<b>Histoire de France'</b>.  Loko di publikigo: Paris, Points Seuil, coll. « Histoire », 2000 (1re éd. 1987), 514 p., poche (<a href="/wiki/Specala:LibroFonti/9782020108799" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-020-10879-9</a> e 2-020-10879-8).</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-France-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-France_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-France_3-1">3,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-France_3-2">3,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-France_3-3">3,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean Carpentier (dir.), François Lebrun (dir.), Alain Tranoy, Élisabeth Carpentier et Jean-Marie Mayeur (préf. Jacques Le Goff), <i>Histoire de France</i>, Paris, Points Seuil, coll. « Histoire »,‎ 2000 (1re éd. 1987), poche, 514 p. (<a href="/wiki/Specala:LibroFonti/9782020108799" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-020-10879-9</a> e 2-020-10879-8). Libro en Franca linguo</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-www.bbc.com-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-www.bbc.com_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-46087053"><i>French territory rejects independence</i></a> Nomo di la publikigo: BBC News.  Dato di publikigo: 4ma di novembro 2018. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/le-bloc-de-constitutionnalite/texte-integral-de-la-constitution-du-4-octobre-1958-en-vigueur#article_2">Texte intégral de la Constitution du 4 octobre 1958 en vigueur</a> - Publikigita da Conseil constitutionnel. Dato di publikigo: 23ma di julio 2008. URL vidita ye 16ma di junio 2023. Idiomo: Franca.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gouvernement.fr/charte/charte-graphique-les-fondamentaux/introduction">Introduction</a> - Publikigita da Guvernerio di Franca republiko. URL vidita ye 6ma di marto 2020. Idiomo: Franca.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2010/countries/France.html">Global 500 by Country</a> - Publikigita da CNN. Dato di publikigo: 26ma di julio 2010. URL vidita ye 21ma di julio 2011. Idiomo: Angla.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/business/2001/euro_cash/history/">History of the Euro</a> - Publikigita da BBC News. URL vidita ye 30ma di oktobro 2010. Idiomo: Angla.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agriculture-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-agriculture_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Europe/France-AGRICULTURE.html">France - Agriculture</a> - Autoro: Encyclopedia of the Nations. Idiomo: Angla.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/economy_6815/overview-of-the-french-economy_6831/key-figures-of-the-french-economy_1402.html#sommaire_1">Key figures of the French economy</a> - Publikigita da French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ministère-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ministère_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/panorama_agriculture_ed2008EN.pdf">A panorama of the agriculture and agri-food industries</a> - Publikigita da Ministère de l'Alimentation, de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li>Francia: Jacques Dupaquier, <i>Histoire de la population française</i>, Paris, PUF, 1988, et <cite style="font-style:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indices.insee.fr/bsweb/servlet/bsweb?action=BS_SERIE&BS_IDBANK=043638781&BS_IDARBO=01000000000000">Évolution de la population de la France métropolitaine</a> -</cite></li></ul> URL vidita ye 31ma di januaro 2010.  <ul><li>Germania: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://destatis.de">destatis.de</a></li> <li>Unionita rejio: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nscl.asp?ID=7589">Office for National Statistics</a>, en Angla linguo.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Maurin-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Maurin_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Maurin, Louis:<i>Déchiffrer la société française</i>.  Publikigita da La Découverte.  Loko di publikigo: Paris. Dato di publikigo: 2009.  Idiomo: Franca. </cite></span> </li> </ol></div></small> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extera_ligili">Extera ligili</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Redaktar seciono: Extera ligili" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&section=39" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Extera ligili"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elysee.fr">Pagino di la prezidanto di Francia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120103101721/http://service-public.fr/langue/english/">Oficala pagino di publika servadi en Francia</a></li></ul> <p><br clear="all" /> </p> <table align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau français"><img alt="Drapeau français" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/50px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/75px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/100px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%"><b><a href="/wiki/Regioni_di_Francia" title="Regioni di Francia">Regioni</a> di Metropolala <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francia</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flago di Francia"><img alt="Flago di Francia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/50px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/75px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/100px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Esto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Esto (pagino ne existas)">Grand Esto</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arvernia-Rodano-Alpi" title="Arvernia-Rodano-Alpi">Arvernia-Rodano-Alpi</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Supra_Francia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supra Francia (pagino ne existas)">Supra Francia</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgundia-Libera_Komtio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burgundia-Libera Komtio (pagino ne existas)">Burgundia-Libera Komtio</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bretonia" title="Bretonia">Bretonia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Centro-Valo_di_Loire" title="Centro-Valo di Loire">Centro-Valo di Loire</a> · <a href="/wiki/Loire-regiono" title="Loire-regiono">Loire-regiono</a> · <a href="/wiki/Korsika" title="Korsika">Korsika</a> · <a href="/wiki/Francilia" title="Francilia">Francilia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nov_Aquitania" title="Nov Aquitania">Nov Aquitania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ocitania" title="Ocitania">Ocitania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Normandia" title="Normandia">Normandia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Provenco-Alpi-Azur-Rivo" title="Provenco-Alpi-Azur-Rivo">Provenco-Alpi-Azur-Rivo</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"> <table class="toccolours"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flago dil Europana Uniono"><img alt="Flago dil Europana Uniono" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/80px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/120px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/160px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> </td> <th width="100%" bgcolor="lightsteelblue" style="text-align: center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Europana_Uniono" title="Europana Uniono">Europana Uniono</a></div> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:EU_Member_states_and_Candidate_countries_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mapo dil Europana Uniono"><img alt="Mapo dil Europana Uniono" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/EU_Member_states_and_Candidate_countries_map.svg/60px-EU_Member_states_and_Candidate_countries_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/EU_Member_states_and_Candidate_countries_map.svg/90px-EU_Member_states_and_Candidate_countries_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/EU_Member_states_and_Candidate_countries_map.svg/120px-EU_Member_states_and_Candidate_countries_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="1198" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Membrostati:</b></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> – <a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chekia" title="Chekia">Chekia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chipro" title="Chipro">Chipro</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dania" title="Dania">Dania</a> – <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Finlando" title="Finlando">Finlando</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> – <a href="/wiki/Grekia" title="Grekia">Grekia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hungaria</a> – <a href="/wiki/Republiko_Irlando" title="Republiko Irlando">Irlando</a> – <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kroatia" title="Kroatia">Kroatia</a> - <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luxemburgia" title="Luxemburgia">Luxemburgia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nederlando" title="Nederlando">Nederlando</a> – <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rumania" title="Rumania">Rumania</a> – <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Suedia">Suedia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><b>Negocianta stati:</b></small></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Islando" title="Islando">Islando</a> - <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> – <a href="/wiki/Norda_Makedonia" title="Norda Makedonia">Norda Makedonia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><b>Peticionanta stati: </b></small></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><b>Potenciala kandidati: </b></small></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_e_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia e Herzegovina">Bosnia e Herzegovina</a> - <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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