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He was a specialist in 20th-century American [[political history]], and was a senior advisor to [[Yale]] officials. ==Life and career== Blum was born in New York City, the son of Edna (LeVino) Blum, a confectioner,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kabaservice |first=Geoffrey |date=2022-02-02 |title=A Veteran Administrator’s Perspective on Higher Education, with Sam Chauncey |url=https://www.niskanencenter.org/a-veteran-administrators-perspective-on-higher-education-with-sam-chauncey/ |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=Niskanen Center |language=en}}</ref> and Morton Gustave Blum, a businessman and inventor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kHREAAAAMAAJ&q=%22BLUM,+John+Morton+1921-+PERSONAL%22|title = Contemporary Authors: First revision|year = 1969}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/22/nyregion/john-m-blum-historian-who-gave-theodore-roosevelt-his-due-dies-at-90.html|title=John M. Blum, Historian of Presidents, Dies at 90|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 22, 2011|last1=Vitello|first1=Paul}}</ref> He came from a Jewish household of limited means.<ref name=":0" /> In high school he met [[Harvard University]] administrator [[Henry Chauncey]], who spotted his talent and arranged for him to spend his senior year at [[Phillips Academy]].<ref name=":0" /> He went on to attend Harvard University on scholarships and campus jobs.<ref>(Blum 2004)</ref> Upon graduation in 1943, he was commissioned as an ensign in the [[United States Navy]], serving in the [[Caribbean]], the [[South West Pacific theatre of World War II]], and [[Iwo Jima]]. In 1950 he returned to Harvard to write his PhD under the direction of [[Frederick Merk]].<ref name="DMK">David M. Kennedy, "John Morton Blum, 1921–2001: Historian of Modern America," ''Perspectives on History'' (December 2011).</ref> Blum married Pamela Zink in 1946 and had three children.<ref name="Storied">[http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2011/oct/18/storied-professor-dies/?cross-campus "Storied professor dies"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227113831/http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2011/oct/18/storied-professor-dies/?cross-campus |date=December 27, 2011 }}. ''The Yale Daily News''. Accessed October 21, 2011.</ref> He taught at [[MIT]] from 1948 to 1957 before moving to [[Yale University]] in 1957. He retired in 1991.<ref name="Harvard">[http://harvardmagazine.com/2004/11/ivy-league-insider.html "Ivy League Insider"]. ''Harvard Magazine'' (November–December 2004). Accessed October 21, 2011.</ref><ref name="Kansas">[http://www.kansaspress.ku.edu/blulif.html "A Life with History"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050207205218/http://www.kansaspress.ku.edu/blulif.html |date=February 7, 2005 }}. University Press of Kansas.</ref><ref name="Iconic">[http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2011/oct/19/iconic-historian-passes-away/ "Iconic historian passes away"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020061259/http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2011/oct/19/iconic-historian-passes-away/ |date=October 20, 2011 }}. ''Yale Daily News''. Accessed October 21, 2011.</ref> ===Professor at Yale=== Blum was on the history faculty at Yale for 34 years, where he taught and influenced thousands of students. One of them in his large lecture class was future U.S. President [[George W. Bush]]. Blum later admitted "I haven't the foggiest recollection of him",<ref>George W. Bush, ''Decision Points'', London: Virgin Books, 2010, p. 15</ref> but Bush remembered and cited Blum's influence in his commencement speech at Yale in May 2001.<ref name="APP">[http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=45895#axzz1bQ1U5l9n "Commencement Address at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut May 21, 2001"]. The American Presidency Project. Accessed October 21, 2011.</ref> Other prominent students of his include Professor [[Henry Louis Gates]], who considered Blum to be his mentor,<ref>[https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2009/07/24/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-henry-louis-gates-jr U.S. News & World Report].</ref> as well as Professor Laura Kalman (University of California, Santa Barbara),<ref name="Kalman">[http://www.history.ucsb.edu/people/person.php?account_id=37&first_name=Laura&last_name=Kalman "Department of History"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402185130/http://www.history.ucsb.edu/people/person.php?account_id=37&first_name=Laura&last_name=Kalman |date=April 2, 2012 }}. University of California, Santa Barbara. Accessed October 21, 2011.</ref> Steve Gillon, resident historian of the [[History (U.S. TV channel)|History Channel]], Massachusetts Senator [[John Kerry]], and Connecticut Senator [[Joseph Lieberman]].<ref name=Iconic/> Blum was one of the "Big Three" in Yale's History Department along with [[C. Vann Woodward]] and [[Edmund Morgan (historian)|Edmund Morgan]],<ref name="PM">[http://www.pmpress.org/content/article.php/FHTTaReview "From Here to There: A Review"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824102821/http://www.pmpress.org/content/article.php/FHTTaReview |date=August 24, 2019 }}. PM Press. Accessed October 21, 2011.</ref> and served as chairman of the History Department in the late 1960s.<ref name=Iconic/> After his death, the John Morton Blum Fellowship in American History and Culture was established at Yale.<ref name="Fellowship">[http://www.yale.edu/graduateschool/funding/programs.html "Yale Graduate School of Arts & Sciences"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903213950/http://www.yale.edu/graduateschool/funding/programs.html |date=September 3, 2011 }}. Yale University. Accessed October 21, 2011.</ref> ==Historian== ===Author=== Blum is the author of several historical works, including ''Joseph Tumulty and the Wilson Era'' (1951) (about President [[Woodrow Wilson|Woodrow Wilson's]] private secretary [[Joseph Patrick Tumulty]]), ''The Republican Roosevelt'' (1954), ''V Was for Victory'' (1977) (about [[World War II]]), and ''Years of Discord: American Politics and Society, 1961–1974'' (1992) (covering U.S. politics from the inauguration of U.S. President [[John F. Kennedy]] to the resignation of U.S. President [[Richard Nixon]]). He also published a mystery novel based on Yale, ''An Old Blue Corpse'' (2005).<ref name="Alumni">[http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/blog/?p=11734 "John Morton Blum, 1921–2011"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113021543/http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/blog/?p=11734 |date=November 13, 2012 }}. ''Yale Alumni Magazine''. Accessed October 21, 2011.</ref> He also wrote a memoir, ''A Life with History'' (2004), detailing his years on the nation's top history faculty, where he witnessed the privileged mostly white [[White Anglo-Saxon Protestant|WASP]] student body grow in diversity, describing it as "not a refuge from reality but an alternative reality". Perhaps Blum's most widely read work was ''The National Experience: A History of the United States'' (1963), a university history textbook he edited and co-authored with [[William S. McFeely]], [[Edmund S. Morgan]], [[Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.]] and [[Kenneth M. Stampp]].<ref name =WashPost>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/john-morton-blum-yale-presidential-historian-dies-at-90/2011/10/22/gIQAnSpe7L_story.html "John Morton Blum, Yale presidential historian, dies at 90"]. ''The Washington Post''. Accessed October 25, 2011.</ref> His 1954 book ''The Republican Roosevelt'' restored the reputation of U.S. President [[Theodore Roosevelt]], rescuing it from [[Henry F. Pringle]]'s [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning 1931 biography ''Theodore Roosevelt: A Biography'', which portrayed him as a blustering politician who never grew up that kept him from being taken seriously. However Blum's prose came under attack: "In contrast to many biographers, Blum is not a natural writer; his style is neither elegant nor smooth. Instead, his sentences are often awkward and clunky and force the reader to sip rather than drink freely."<ref>Stephen Floyd, [http://bestpresidentialbios.com/2015/03/22/review-of-the-republican-roosevelt-by-john-blum/ "Review of ''The Republican Roosevelt'' by John Blum" (22 March 2015)]</ref> A specialist on the [[New Deal]], Blum wrote ''From the Morgenthau Diaries'' (3 vols., 1959–1967), a biography closely based on the diaries of [[Henry Morgenthau Jr.]] (1891–1967), [[United States Treasury Secretary]] in 1934–1945. Blum was also prolific as an editor, serving as co-editor of ''The Letters of [[Theodore Roosevelt]]'' (8 vols., 1951–1954), edited by [[Elting E. Morison]]. In 1980 Blum published ''Liberty, Justice, Order: Writings on Past Politics'', 13 essays containing profiles of 10 political leaders representing the first seven decades of the 20th century, including [[Theodore Roosevelt]], [[Herbert Croly]], [[Mark Hanna]], [[Woodrow Wilson]], [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], [[Eleanor Roosevelt]], [[Henry A. Wallace|Henry Wallace]], [[Archibald MacLeish]], [[Walter Lippman]], and [[Earl Warren]], bringing out their efforts to foster social justice and economic equality. He also edited the letters of [[Walter Lippmann]] and [[Henry A. Wallace]]. ==Film and television== Blum made a cameo appearance as himself in the 1983 [[Woody Allen]] film ''[[Zelig]]'',<ref name="NYT2">[https://archive.today/20130208152536/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/628877/Professor-John-Morton-Blum/filmography "John Morton Blum Filmography"]. ''The New York Times''. Accessed October 21, 2011.</ref> and he has appeared in various documentaries on [[PBS]] such as the ''[[American Experience]]'' series, including ''Theodore Roosevelt'' in 1996 with fellow historian [[David McCullough]].<ref name="PBS">[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/26_t_roosevelt/filmmore/filmscript.html "American Experience"]. PBS. Accessed October 21, 2011.</ref> In 1999 he appeared in "The Great War" segment of ''[[The Century: America's Time]]''.<ref name="IMDB">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0193673/fullcredits#cast "The Century" full cast and credits]. Internet Movie Database. Accessed October 21, 2011.</ref> ==Honors and awards== *American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1960)<ref name="DMK"/> *Pitt Professorship at Cambridge (1963–1964)<ref name="DMK"/> *[[Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Professor of American History]] at [[Oxford University]] (1976–1977)<ref name="DMK"/> *Honorary Degree from Harvard University (1980)<ref name="DMK"/> ==Works== * ''Joseph Tumulty and the Wilson Era'' (1951). * ''The Republican Roosevelt'' (1954) [https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Republican_Roosevelt.html?id=pynyy2YCzwAC read online] * ''The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt'' (8 vols.) (1954) (ed. with [[Elting E. Morison]]). * ''From the Morgenthau Diaries'' (3 vols.) (1959–1967). "Years of Crisis, 1928–1938" (1959), "Years of Urgency, 1938–1941" (1965), "Years of War, 1941–1945" (1967). * ''The National Experience: A History of the United States'' (with [[William S. McFeely]], [[Edmund S. Morgan]], [[Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.]] and [[Kenneth M. Stampp]]) (1963) * ''V Was for Victory: Politics and American Culture During World War II'' (1977) [https://books.google.com/books/about/V_was_for_Victory.html?id=tM3jNEU_WhQC read online] * ''The Progressive Presidents: Roosevelt, Wilson, Roosevelt, Johnson'' (1980) [https://archive.org/details/progressivepresi00blum online] * ''Liberty, Justice, Order: Writings on Past Politics'' (1980, 1993) [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092959/http://pdf23.crumbpdf.org/492h7_liberty-justice-order-essays-on-past-politics.pdf read online] * ''Years of Discord: American Politics and Society, 1961–1974'' (1992) [https://books.google.com/books/about/Years_of_Discord.html?id=aa3lK5W4SfsC online edition] *''A Life with History'' (autobiography) (Harvard University Press, 2004) ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==External links== *{{C-SPAN|21491}} **[http://www.c-span.org/video/?303490-1/memorial-service-historian-john-morton-blum "Memorial Service for Historian John Morton Blum", November 11, 2011] **John Morton Blum papers (MS 86). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library. [http://hdl.handle.net/10079/fa/mssa.ms.0086] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Blum, John Morton}} [[Category:1921 births]] [[Category:2011 deaths]] [[Category:United States Navy officers]] [[Category:Military personnel from New York City]] [[Category:American political writers]] [[Category:Historians of the United States]] [[Category:Phillips Academy alumni]] [[Category:Jewish American historians]] [[Category:American male non-fiction writers]] [[Category:Writers from New Haven, Connecticut]] [[Category:Yale University faculty]] [[Category:Fellows of Queens' College, Cambridge]] [[Category:Writers from New York City]] [[Category:Academics of the University of Cambridge]] [[Category:Harvard University alumni]] [[Category:Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Professors of American History]] [[Category:Historians from New York (state)]] [[Category:Historians from Connecticut]] [[Category:United States Navy personnel of World War II]] [[Category:21st-century American Jews]] </textarea><div 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