CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "bioguide.congress.gov",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '8ebaddd92aa587e9',cH: 'NIJ0IiKBSNjPxZbzEoUsMRyc7rwesa8DNNhL0kbG1qQ-1733137785-1.2.1.1-_jkwwBGA1tLJWrJM1CmWdVQd44AorQmZta9Ci3Sax8xEULpJcaDpDiKYt0rKHVPA',cUPMDTk: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=D000261&__cf_chl_tk=..ML2MSSidA1WX.k2DLAkzddsPbFZsmpIApSILMoZww-1733137785-1.0.1.1-z2hYSToNI8_IhjcVp0f7qtk0DLNYwn8XxS_wQwtO0io",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1733137785',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=D000261&__cf_chl_f_tk=..ML2MSSidA1WX.k2DLAkzddsPbFZsmpIApSILMoZww-1733137785-1.0.1.1-z2hYSToNI8_IhjcVp0f7qtk0DLNYwn8XxS_wQwtO0io",md: "BYSp75q_Z5OShb3HlPcw3WYzPZfJN_Jk1VsljZMLtWA-1733137785-1.2.1.1-sFZHlu2ou061kB1LD70oBHv82nsXeyUA4.DQaseJfTVUgNWA_vCO4wLSrdPIlKa3On6pKFgycqi6xB8bR1KR9Ac7R5ZI9cAcXCTBhp8uJRNO6lRkYN0gIwfFHHqCKyVl84iI0oAUC8Nr0tXPipINOlfuu.ATWcO_JsUgOB8TBH1DduehyA933q5ZyqKwh.wB7OHnJg7RpoKhJUFEaLj9h1.62rtTB0e1YWXE6oFISbrUGDptxo2e8jC_CXrjS9a9gst3G.IUgY_qCFYZgmSKbXzoqza1XDhQgK5V8sVmptfhUem6PGPsIWmSbRNHtbkDxmqXOrWnj2KZQij66GO3EQdIz6KQgfHKQ.qwN3HUE_g42bt_2OJaclffvbGOKV3H7XdG1aRNij1bLviJdZ28fkkFtC0NPnWcMuqPRyDObyMn4LtDY.QdJsAvrByS3R0bzFRbACt3gcX.mcbsU9n6wpcrJJUXQtY0JHXxG2GmVprGLemIPGOTRQii8dEBiMT_EWIW1UF3GXJD3I031vddxzM3KdN1AvIpuq49K4kmBC.B36xYH6QANA481_UoATrMVmzWCOgAi1W6K6016JjxIFBjwDzVYCD5mDkMvnEh7FAbEap3N6QuCY.zXNm3b531F_QJCowsKgFG5Sl0vVEkSxppaW5E0uyTPGAKKEScqJsIilA6LtKYBpIqxUbxUnJm9O_vcn3mA6I.QUo.nqdN8Vjd8F1Elp.07a7wp92lBjGUqjHamklA2tVqzpe5.PJoboEmKVMahz2Kw9OmPHTFPGSO6V0qeI2EahO9RcAIJLdADyPJb..8.hhnDMa71DwKBE0azex_VLhjBwItZfD.TbcyUJlNsF5Vvg1JZG.BL6M7yFHNPkPlf6ZaC.vH.AO7CrW_AjKCEh2WUg6wf7QGSX4XZWq6TOw6fek0U0ssQL0S39_9Ou7Ji4YOovwnx63LbjqZ3n014t.ghZ7O.cBmZJMGMMZYpa_gHFAHoqvUPNos_VQldDKkBKzmAc.slMtg01Ox6ruaXSmMAjkXTwkhsk_ygUVMiT6UGKyhfeAm0A1jf_YtTKdWszq994uO5vvZxAyfY7_LYZzLvGNVuRNa9Ektmycl74epMfLoWjhpYgpuJPRt5qjRJYTPW.IYAQj2x0NIOgSr9QWkr2lx5D9fdIziy8vPPns9oC35jMjKeXynnDJSPnRtbxvZG1hupW0RR6DgrCn9k2VXx8ogXXdGMbNTRV4Od8aDVnUJHq6qxfzcq9Jcc95LKO5hh9LJ6jhP5ToFhxM86bSMRgiBOPeP6S2uOhnIrUI09jr7erLW6CZLNTrAUp7.SQpD.B5PeEQIzlZbrI2Dtyo1obJM9..gs_X.h7ef8GNr72BOw9qdAWUrq_p9eWKeuRXcKbtYLq.LH8DXlKPPA8XEfPHBHUWmFwvg_NrQalkIkAU2uVqZtyChoRMj5pxZmcnoc7aTvlxgqSsGfjFqO8ELI2zSPSlyG_gE8bRfJt6crbyJKYmFXgdrSx29J6l12pEgJYE1CmUD5w5a1zEliAYItDnksZ15DkRwdbxy7gBKzWc3FCx3V_JWMK.VI346ZC54R0iEkt9Xrric.ZmiSepOqVP3Ah0joBMWE7xd0pW25gbkJlrs48LiS0CZQRB7oCnJ68L18AOSPKgAX.qk0LBbySbaIPm.3p.paQb3ewj66gQ_eCeGlMi8M4sBPTMXdrWk68FCHhOT2BgqSCk13ysLAjmCaIyrsplDnDt2bujzx_JkwoiIckkjDj6QChN6y7WUKP39_Nah7tMVaRQDOjcy7zKKLwC0Qyr7cjf5wS5OVAxffrBf0j_XsDw6mFvGZQeAGlopfNq_HXX00Vm.GDjgEwuXoL5RtgLvs1QDZLY5PpxBGyb9aqKR25wcLpZBBWp5yNLyLYOEJA5Ze9yeSq2Qle6lXkQdGl00MoAgEBVSq.evpwF_Zoeoq0srwMYxTIr1vHRp.TfZZvj7m_F9UAPb7TkeLJtFWrqUEXigub_LG_ip4BMlIrk",mdrd: "LgMa8e642eNsxK_e4RRPbbiUe0q.aiBl3pCLYFDC.lM-1733137785-1.2.1.1-S3RoYKDmVbZ6FbLKah9SDAUAkzlq9.BACDcJV8qVM8nZGESycu49EZrN2fQ23YOntU5vWOKdAD6o93pcq0LqOEhNLNFNnLfG._YRjKRXNW5B_f3th0tbyHeX8My4GelxIq2P1G6BXxPVc6KlDSRbfCGw.isuKTGsvj5.0kblsd2jDVVC21IjDK3Ex0UXWnBIGi1_ldr66y2dOtAtgLdIo4f8d9mJOug_FZC0iegyaphnXyvFVYtEaV6H6ZVvYKOoV4RvkFP8KW9qHJ.9d0wFPfNx8zD6TEAzAx2JqmRzQHwhVNe8_SyjTXE9P7se6rDNFqMIRcvkWufJfzYnZzCt7_SrUnHQzXUyah2KGRprUazfwewExgQIepfpEozAbQFYkO8gQaull6QLqaIPTmOEh08ntvEVJp9QS90h96eGJxYAYiuhWiQuilI69uc9OzAyCO0zgmw8CKimoKlt3EK2VDXaW1ScRc61MH6039gwLa78AMormiNMLtHe6_WN7deMEx34K3ApE4qzXHcsf583ABoi8QTDHRhMiNaKB5zDVjZb930bi2TC5keGi2pQWcXAhorCj6cFN7ErLdUVwLAGjzhPAp0kX8536G_xWeHfyTmg9yU2t0M5rtqZEhY3mIYZQfQ0kQwikyODeqx09Pf6ibHNm1CICiZponz6UyWGrMfAriVXYtI6CGT4DyIg5VDLtf6lwvWIYQi4tp7U_JYs9lN_PiFq9RaB3Seqx7NbLPLrHczv_fv5VfdMyU4mIeQpfB7i2foJpYGEwnTDxEPdZG2DVOTJIY1gD4oKY4gEK8q5qPVC21qvh3Rcb4UaFPmTDrC80TNecyu7eWsJt5y5DuFc11NOQXGxRTSNX_5QkONyC2vamBhA9TPqSDXyMUlRz.dtwQaFIqO9KSHGagsS_xxcJk8eh1KePLSh0N3_GjfO41MhqbcVVZA0BfnHS2rmYpeQyXW5dZThMjevfq19LiyCD.odgAE6yVf0YVWvmEy6iMRZUBiu6QmJf865EZTz5uAC1FXJtl2AuukTIZJ6or7dmmqWvPeR6.15kG.QDJcUNigZHkHJIR0dal.j8caGHDDnbYb7B_911NMJNOZ.d.vat87x7NroQdd4dkGdyfm0NDqsCIjoUImzsZdemX9lXsDzBhGk1rCfLSl3IOdE4MMEDf8Ohqqo8T6gp67bwJ5vixtwXqCSUceUtImteHfZ8RcE9tEufKfU6w.rbKmeGoi2bYWdV8bIa8vPDOoCRLUQV9yYhzhbk7xnLdkgwvE1_.uF_NNVvbCepBXAEiKe.O8I2XNntKrQjhIZaIEvQ3uQFfGN0ha.VtJxmfAAFADx_iJ.0FpnnuFwzaFGIPDkrxx9hRLVnVzK_9gTj3GUY8KQVXcodjW5nl_adhXgCchI9lvoOg95IrGEHQG57CkRj8.Gh5M4qGHqZ7s3YAU1jQCbP4g595nJXpcTg80CcG_xqNbEVPno74GSJQ527WpUfdo3cyXbropREKCQh1yp7A15dfFnudpFdg2UTjQKGKLTl.pga3UobE8vDIMAsoZ4v6cUkzenTUH0zeCZubzoFlfuGyQ3LDlb8S4XVgRg2kmlLIZliQJ0QaIoIAgkLMQ5DX4bY7oWjLnqzlxgKyZbw_RUYtEWOMDxdJTDB1vinDBs95ptRqwyOMD0w3f.HKtvn853jkjYDwJUWUO3hiNlSneSx6Kz9NLgAwVXz1Tq.SoHiT37ODG_WuOTsFWWeRFCtFQfINCKhWbGvcfQXFT0AhAFUELe7ZtlnqvCZ_jFeqXasM81NZSlZjs.GWE_noCLszOYlBgZuhFlv46_6AL9FkG.MVDdGWdNXMvPyVtVJCMGYbLfutrx7Xx4hbV1dBMqFLcAmYxhxtbxN9erUNDUBTI9UXJIS7MfT8WbJSeTVUtnZScbcW1uhrJvO0g0sCueyOtP4mNW3uGyuKiSEFzRllF0QmZIE7EyOhicUc9dMgUS_BFG_TrLYpWcsH1wSZJ1aw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8ebaddd92aa587e9';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=D000261&__cf_chl_rt_tk=..ML2MSSidA1WX.k2DLAkzddsPbFZsmpIApSILMoZww-1733137785-1.0.1.1-z2hYSToNI8_IhjcVp0f7qtk0DLNYwn8XxS_wQwtO0io" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>