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<span>Film series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monogram's_stars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monogram's_stars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Monogram's stars</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Monogram's_stars-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Monogram's stars subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Monogram's_stars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Creation_of_Allied_Artists_Productions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_of_Allied_Artists_Productions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Creation of Allied Artists Productions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_of_Allied_Artists_Productions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monogram_enters_the_field_of_TV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monogram_enters_the_field_of_TV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Monogram enters the field of TV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monogram_enters_the_field_of_TV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allied_Artists'_major_productions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allied_Artists'_major_productions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Allied Artists' major productions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allied_Artists'_major_productions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Broidy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Broidy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Post-Broidy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-Broidy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Post-Broidy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Post-Broidy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Demise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_library_fate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_library_fate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Film library fate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_library_fate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Studios" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Studios"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Studios</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Studios-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Studios subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Studios-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sunset_Boulevard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sunset_Boulevard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Sunset Boulevard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sunset_Boulevard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monogram_Ranch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monogram_Ranch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Monogram Ranch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monogram_Ranch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Monogram Pictures</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="مونوقرام پیکچرز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مونوقرام پیکچرز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogram_Pictures" title="Monogram Pictures – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Monogram Pictures" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="مونوگرام پیکچرز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مونوگرام پیکچرز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogram_Pictures" title="Monogram Pictures – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monogram Pictures" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogram_Pictures" title="Monogram Pictures – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Monogram Pictures" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%84%E3%83%BB%E3%83%94%E3%82%AF%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3" title="アライド・アーティスツ・ピクチャーズ・コーポレーション – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アライド・アーティスツ・ピクチャーズ・コーポレーション" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogram_Pictures" title="Monogram Pictures – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Monogram Pictures" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogram_Pictures" title="Monogram Pictures – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Monogram Pictures" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogram_Pictures" title="Monogram Pictures – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Monogram Pictures" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%86%D9%86%DB%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%DA%86%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="مۆنۆگرام پیکچەرز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مۆنۆگرام پیکچەرز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied_Artists" title="Allied Artists – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Allied Artists" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogram_Pictures" title="Monogram Pictures – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Monogram Pictures" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2756484#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American film studio</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Monogram Pictures</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monogramlogo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Monogramlogo.jpg/200px-Monogramlogo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Monogramlogo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="282" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_entertainment_industry_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of entertainment industry topics">Entertainment</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1931<span class="noprint">; 93 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1931</span>)</span> (original)<br />1946<span class="noprint">; 78 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1946</span>)</span> (as a predecessor-in-interest to Allied Artists Pictures Corporation)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/W._Ray_Johnston" title="W. Ray Johnston">W. Ray Johnston</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Trem_Carr" title="Trem Carr">Trem Carr</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">1953<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1953</span>)</span> (original)<br />1979<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1979</span>)</span> (as Allied Artists Pictures Corporation)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data">Dormancy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successors</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Library:</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(through <a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a>)</span><br />(pre-August 1946)<br /><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(through <a href="/wiki/Lorimar_Television#Theatrical_films" title="Lorimar Television">Lorimar Motion Pictures</a>)</span><br />(post-August 1946)<br /><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(through <a href="/wiki/Republic_Pictures" title="Republic Pictures">Melange Pictures</a>)</span><br />(select post-1938 films)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_City,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City, New York">New York City, New York</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Kim Richards (Chairman and CEO)<br />Robert Fitzpatrick (President)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">Motion pictures</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://monogrampictures.com">monogrampictures<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Monogram Pictures Corporation</b> was an American <a href="/wiki/Film_studio" title="Film studio">film studio</a> that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name <b>Allied Artists Pictures Corporation</b>. Monogram was among the smaller studios in the <a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">golden age of Hollywood</a>, generally referred to collectively as <a href="/wiki/Poverty_Row" title="Poverty Row">Poverty Row</a>. Lacking the financial resources to deliver the lavish sets, production values, and star power of the larger studios, Monogram sought to attract its audiences with the promise of action and adventure. </p><p>The company's trademark is now owned by <a href="/wiki/Allied_Artists_International" title="Allied Artists International">Allied Artists International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Registered_Trademark_Ownership_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Registered_Trademark_Ownership-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 Sunset Drive, utilized as part of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scientology" title="Church of Scientology">Church of Scientology</a> Media Center (formerly <a href="/wiki/KCET" title="KCET">KCET</a>'s television facilities).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monogram_Pictures&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Monogram was created in the early 1930s from two earlier companies: <a href="/wiki/W._Ray_Johnston" title="W. Ray Johnston">W. Ray Johnston</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rayart_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Rayart Productions">Rayart Productions</a> (renamed Raytone when sound pictures came in) and <a href="/wiki/Trem_Carr" title="Trem Carr">Trem Carr</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sono_Art-World_Wide_Pictures" title="Sono Art-World Wide Pictures">Sono Art-World Wide Pictures</a>. Both specialized in low-budget features, a policy which continued at Monogram Pictures, with Carr in charge of production. Another independent producer, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Malvern" title="Paul Malvern">Paul Malvern</a>, released 16 Lone Star western productions (starring <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a>) through Monogram.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOkuda1999_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOkuda1999-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The backbone of the studio's early days was a father-son partnership: writer/director <a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Bradbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert N. Bradbury">Robert N. Bradbury</a> and cowboy actor <a href="/wiki/Bob_Steele_(actor)" title="Bob Steele (actor)">Bob Steele</a> (born Robert A. Bradbury). Bradbury wrote almost all of the early Monogram and Lone Star westerns and directed many of them himself. Monogram offered a selection of film genres, including action melodramas, classics, and mysteries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1987_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1987-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its early years, Monogram could seldom afford big-name movie stars and would employ either former silent-film actors who were idle (<a href="/wiki/Herbert_Rawlinson" title="Herbert Rawlinson">Herbert Rawlinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Collier_Sr." title="William Collier Sr.">William Collier Sr.</a>) or young featured players (<a href="/wiki/Ray_Walker_(actor)" title="Ray Walker (actor)">Ray Walker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Ford" title="Wallace Ford">Wallace Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Cagney" title="William Cagney">William Cagney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Starrett" title="Charles Starrett">Charles Starrett</a>). </p><p>In 1935, Johnston and Carr were wooed by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Yates" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Yates">Herbert Yates</a> of <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Film_Industries" title="Consolidated Film Industries">Consolidated Film Industries</a>. Yates planned to merge Monogram with several other smaller independent companies to form <a href="/wiki/Republic_Pictures" title="Republic Pictures">Republic Pictures</a>. After a brief period under this new venture, Johnston and Carr clashed with Yates and left. Carr moved to <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>, while Johnston reactivated Monogram in 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1987_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1987-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WifeWantedPoster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/WifeWantedPoster.jpg/220px-WifeWantedPoster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/WifeWantedPoster.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="346" /></a><figcaption>Poster for the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Wife_Wanted_(1946_film)" title="Wife Wanted (1946 film)">Wife Wanted</a></i> (1946), featuring star <a href="/wiki/Kay_Francis" title="Kay Francis">Kay Francis</a> and other cast members</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:220px;max-width:220px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CorpseVanishesLugosi001A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/CorpseVanishesLugosi001A.jpg/218px-CorpseVanishesLugosi001A.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/CorpseVanishesLugosi001A.jpg/327px-CorpseVanishesLugosi001A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/CorpseVanishesLugosi001A.jpg/436px-CorpseVanishesLugosi001A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="472" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:220px;max-width:220px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VoodooManLobbyCard1944A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/VoodooManLobbyCard1944A.jpg/218px-VoodooManLobbyCard1944A.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/VoodooManLobbyCard1944A.jpg/327px-VoodooManLobbyCard1944A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/VoodooManLobbyCard1944A.jpg/436px-VoodooManLobbyCard1944A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1065" data-file-height="737" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:220px;max-width:220px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spooksrunwildlobbycard3Cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Spooksrunwildlobbycard3Cropped.jpg/218px-Spooksrunwildlobbycard3Cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Spooksrunwildlobbycard3Cropped.jpg/327px-Spooksrunwildlobbycard3Cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Spooksrunwildlobbycard3Cropped.jpg/436px-Spooksrunwildlobbycard3Cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1492" data-file-height="882" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi">Bela Lugosi</a> appeared in a string of Monogram productions throughout the 1940s.</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_series">Film series</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monogram_Pictures&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Film series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1938, Monogram began a long and profitable policy of making <a href="/wiki/Film_series" title="Film series">series</a> and hiring familiar players to star in them. <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Darro" title="Frankie Darro">Frankie Darro</a>, Hollywood's foremost tough-kid actor of the 1930s, joined Monogram and stayed with the company until 1950. Comedian <a href="/wiki/Mantan_Moreland" title="Mantan Moreland">Mantan Moreland</a> co-starred in many of the Darro films and continued to be a valuable asset to Monogram through 1949. Juvenile actors <a href="/wiki/Marcia_Mae_Jones" title="Marcia Mae Jones">Marcia Mae Jones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Moran" title="Jackie Moran">Jackie Moran</a> co-starred in series of homespun romances, and then joined the Frankie Darro series. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Boris_Karloff" title="Boris Karloff">Boris Karloff</a> contributed to the Monogram release schedule with his <i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Wong_(fictional_detective)" title="Mr. Wong (fictional detective)">Mr. Wong</a></i> mysteries. This prompted producer <a href="/wiki/Sam_Katzman" title="Sam Katzman">Sam Katzman</a> to engage <a href="/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi">Bela Lugosi</a> for a follow-up series of Monogram thrillers. </p><p>Katzman's street-gang series <a href="/wiki/The_East_Side_Kids" class="mw-redirect" title="The East Side Kids">The East Side Kids</a> was an imitation of the then-popular <a href="/wiki/Dead_End_Kids" title="Dead End Kids">Dead End Kids</a> features. The first film cast six juveniles who had no connection with the Dead End series, but Katzman signed Dead End Kids <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jordan" title="Bobby Jordan">Bobby Jordan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leo_Gorcey" title="Leo Gorcey">Leo Gorcey</a>, and soon added <a href="/wiki/Huntz_Hall" title="Huntz Hall">Huntz Hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Dell" title="Gabriel Dell">Gabriel Dell</a> from the original gang. The <i>East Side Kids</i> series ran from 1940 to 1945. East Side star Gorcey then took the reins himself and transformed the series into <a href="/wiki/The_Bowery_Boys" title="The Bowery Boys">The Bowery Boys</a>, which became the longest-running feature-film comedy series in movie history (48 titles over 12 years). During this run, Gorcey became the highest-paid actor in Hollywood on an annual basis.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Monogram continued to experiment with film series with mixed results. Definite box-office hits were <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chan" title="Charlie Chan">Charlie Chan</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Cisco_Kid" title="The Cisco Kid">The Cisco Kid</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Palooka" title="Joe Palooka">Joe Palooka</a>, all proven movie properties abandoned by other studios and revived by Monogram. Less successful were the comic-strip exploits of <a href="/wiki/Snuffy_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Snuffy Smith">Snuffy Smith</a> and Sam Katzman's comedy series teaming <a href="/wiki/Billy_Gilbert" title="Billy Gilbert">Billy Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shemp_Howard" title="Shemp Howard">Shemp Howard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maxie_Rosenbloom" title="Maxie Rosenbloom">Maxie Rosenbloom</a>. </p><p>Many of Monogram's series were westerns. The studio released sagebrush sagas with <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cody_(actor)" title="Bill Cody (actor)">Bill Cody</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Steele_(actor)" title="Bob Steele (actor)">Bob Steele</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Keene_(actor)" title="Tom Keene (actor)">Tom Keene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_McCoy" title="Tim McCoy">Tim McCoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tex_Ritter" title="Tex Ritter">Tex Ritter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Addison_Randall" class="mw-redirect" title="Addison Randall">Jack Randall</a> before hitting on the "trio" format teaming veteran saddle pals. <a href="/wiki/Buck_Jones" title="Buck Jones">Buck Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_McCoy" title="Tim McCoy">Tim McCoy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Hatton" title="Raymond Hatton">Raymond Hatton</a> became The Rough Riders; <a href="/wiki/Ray_(Crash)_Corrigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray (Crash) Corrigan">Ray (Crash) Corrigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_%22Dusty%22_King" title="John "Dusty" King">John "Dusty" King</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Max_Terhune" title="Max Terhune">Max Terhune</a> were <a href="/wiki/The_Range_Busters" title="The Range Busters">The Range Busters</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ken_Maynard" title="Ken Maynard">Ken Maynard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoot_Gibson" title="Hoot Gibson">Hoot Gibson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Steele_(actor)" title="Bob Steele (actor)">Bob Steele</a> teamed as The Trail Blazers. When <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> allowed <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mack_Brown" title="Johnny Mack Brown">Johnny Mack Brown</a>'s contract to lapse, Monogram grabbed him and kept him busy through 1952. </p><p>Monogram was also a useful outlet for ambitious movie stars who wanted to produce their own films. <a href="/wiki/Lou_Costello" title="Lou Costello">Lou Costello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Toler" title="Sidney Toler">Sidney Toler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kay_Francis" title="Kay Francis">Kay Francis</a>, Leo Gorcey, and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lake_(actor)" title="Arthur Lake (actor)">Arthur Lake</a> all pursued independent production, releasing through Monogram.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monogram's_stars"><span id="Monogram.27s_stars"></span>Monogram's stars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monogram_Pictures&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Monogram's stars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The studio was a launching pad for new stars (<a href="/wiki/Preston_Foster" title="Preston Foster">Preston Foster</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Sensation_Hunters_(1933_film)" title="Sensation Hunters (1933 film)">Sensation Hunters</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Randolph_Scott" title="Randolph Scott">Randolph Scott</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Broken_Dreams_(1933_film)" title="Broken Dreams (1933 film)">Broken Dreams</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Ginger_Rogers" title="Ginger Rogers">Ginger Rogers</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Thirteenth_Guest" title="The Thirteenth Guest">The Thirteenth Guest</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Atwill" title="Lionel Atwill">Lionel Atwill</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sphinx_(1933_film)" title="The Sphinx (1933 film)">The Sphinx</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Ladd" title="Alan Ladd">Alan Ladd</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Her_First_Romance_(1940_film)" title="Her First Romance (1940 film)">Her First Romance</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mitchum" title="Robert Mitchum">Robert Mitchum</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/When_Strangers_Marry" title="When Strangers Marry">When Strangers Marry</a></i>. The studio was also a haven for established stars whose careers had stalled: <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Lowe" title="Edmund Lowe">Edmund Lowe</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Klondike_Fury" title="Klondike Fury">Klondike Fury</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/John_Boles_(actor)" title="John Boles (actor)">John Boles</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Road_to_Happiness" title="Road to Happiness">Road to Happiness</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Cortez" title="Ricardo Cortez">Ricardo Cortez</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/I_Killed_That_Man" title="I Killed That Man">I Killed That Man</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Simone_Simon" title="Simone Simon">Simone Simon</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Doesn%27t_Live_Here_Anymore" title="Johnny Doesn't Live Here Anymore">Johnny Doesn't Live Here Anymore</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Kay_Francis" title="Kay Francis">Kay Francis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Cabot" title="Bruce Cabot">Bruce Cabot</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Divorce_(1945_film)" title="Divorce (1945 film)">Divorce</a></i>. </p><p>Monogram did create and nurture its own stars. <a href="/wiki/Gale_Storm" title="Gale Storm">Gale Storm</a> began her career at <a href="/wiki/RKO_Radio_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="RKO Radio Pictures">RKO Radio Pictures</a> in 1940 but found a home at Monogram. Storm had been promoted from Monogram's Frankie Darro series and was showcased in crime dramas (like <i><a href="/wiki/The_Crime_Smasher" title="The Crime Smasher">The Crime Smasher</a></i> (1943) opposite <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cromwell_(actor)" title="Richard Cromwell (actor)">Richard Cromwell</a> and radio's <a href="/wiki/Frank_Graham_(voice_actor)" title="Frank Graham (voice actor)">Frank Graham</a> in the title role) and a string of musicals to capitalize on her singing talents (like <i><a href="/wiki/Campus_Rhythm" title="Campus Rhythm">Campus Rhythm</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Nearly_Eighteen" title="Nearly Eighteen">Nearly Eighteen</a></i> (both 1943), as well as <i><a href="/wiki/Swing_Parade_of_1946" title="Swing Parade of 1946">Swing Parade of 1946</a></i> featuring <a href="/wiki/The_Three_Stooges" title="The Three Stooges">The Three Stooges</a>). Another of Monogram's finds during this time was British skating star <a href="/wiki/Belita" title="Belita">Belita</a>, who conversely starred in musical revues first and then graduated to dramatic roles, including <i><a href="/wiki/Suspense_(1946_film)" title="Suspense (1946 film)">Suspense</a></i> (1946), an A-budget <a href="/wiki/King_Brothers_Productions" title="King Brothers Productions">King Brothers Productions</a> picture released under the Monogram name. Monogram's final leading-lady discovery was <a href="/wiki/Jane_Nigh" title="Jane Nigh">Jane Nigh</a>, who starred in several wholesome outdoor stories between 1950 and 1952; she returned to the studio in 1957 for a Bowery Boys comedy. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eduardo_Ciannelli_in_Dillinger_(1945)_trailer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Eduardo_Ciannelli_in_Dillinger_%281945%29_trailer.jpg/220px-Eduardo_Ciannelli_in_Dillinger_%281945%29_trailer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Eduardo_Ciannelli_in_Dillinger_%281945%29_trailer.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>Eduardo Ciannelli in <i><a href="/wiki/Dillinger_(1945_film)" title="Dillinger (1945 film)">Dillinger</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>In the mid-1940s Monogram very nearly hit the big time with <i><a href="/wiki/Dillinger_(1945_film)" title="Dillinger (1945 film)">Dillinger</a></i>, a sensationalized crime drama that was a runaway success in 1945. Filmed by <a href="/wiki/King_Brothers_Productions" title="King Brothers Productions">King Brothers Productions</a>, it received an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> nomination for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Writing_Original_Screenplay" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay">Best Original Screenplay</a>. Monogram tried to follow <i>Dillinger</i> immediately (with several "exploitation" melodramas cashing in on topical themes), and did achieve some success, but Monogram never became a respectable "major" studio like former poverty-row denizen <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a>. </p><p>The only Monogram release to win the Academy Award was <i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_the_Matterhorn" title="Climbing the Matterhorn">Climbing the Matterhorn</a></i>, a two-reel adventure that won the "Best Short Subject" Oscar in 1947. Other Monogram films to receive Oscar nominations were <i><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Zombies" title="King of the Zombies">King of the Zombies</a></i> for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a> for Best Music (Music Score of a Dramatic Picture) in 1941 and <i><a href="/wiki/Flat_Top_(film)" title="Flat Top (film)">Flat Top</a></i> for Best Film Editing in 1952. </p><p>Monogram's fortunes improved even more after World War II. With Hollywood's larger studios curtailing B-picture production in favor of more prestigious and more expensive pictures, there was now a greater need for low-priced pictures that theater owners could afford. Major first-run theater chains that had never played Monogram's budget movies -- as well as small, independent theaters that depended on bargain-rate films to turn a profit -- began using Monogram features regularly. </p><p>Monogram continued to launch new series. In 1946 The East Side Kids became The Bowery Boys under a new producer, Jan Grippo. The former producer, Sam Katzman, began a new musical-comedy series called "The Teen Agers" (1946-48) as a vehicle for singer <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Stewart_(actor)" title="Freddie Stewart (actor)">Freddie Stewart</a>. Other series included the Cisco Kid westerns (1945-47); the exploits of masked crimefighter <a href="/wiki/The_Shadow" title="The Shadow">The Shadow</a> with <a href="/wiki/Kane_Richmond" title="Kane Richmond">Kane Richmond</a> (1946); the <i><a href="/wiki/Bringing_Up_Father" title="Bringing Up Father">Bringing Up Father</a></i> comedies (1946-50) based on the <a href="/wiki/George_McManus" title="George McManus">George McManus</a> comic strip, featuring <a href="/wiki/Joe_Yule" title="Joe Yule">Joe Yule</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renie_Riano" title="Renie Riano">Renie Riano</a> as "Jiggs and Maggie; the "Joe Palooka" prizefight comedies (1946-51); the <a href="/wiki/Roddy_McDowall" title="Roddy McDowall">Roddy McDowall</a> series (1948-52), with the juvenile lead forsaking child roles for dramatic and action vehicles; the "Henry" series of small-town comedies (1949-51) co-starring <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Walburn" title="Raymond Walburn">Raymond Walburn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Catlett" title="Walter Catlett">Walter Catlett</a>; and the "<a href="/wiki/Bomba,_the_Jungle_Boy" title="Bomba, the Jungle Boy">Bomba, the Jungle Boy</a>" adventures (1949-55) starring <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Sheffield" title="Johnny Sheffield">Johnny Sheffield</a> (formerly "Boy" of the <a href="/wiki/Tarzan" title="Tarzan">Tarzan</a> films). </p><p>The Bowery Boys, Charlie Chan, and the Monogram westerns (now featuring Johnny Mack Brown, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Wakely" title="Jimmy Wakely">Jimmy Wakely</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Whip_Wilson" title="Whip Wilson">Whip Wilson</a>) were the studio's biggest drawing cards. Monogram filmed some of its later features in <a href="/wiki/Cinecolor" title="Cinecolor">Cinecolor</a>, mostly outdoor subjects like <i><a href="/wiki/County_Fair_(1950_film)" title="County Fair (1950 film)">County Fair</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Grass_of_Kentucky" title="Blue Grass of Kentucky">Blue Grass of Kentucky</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rose_Bowl_Story" title="The Rose Bowl Story">The Rose Bowl Story</a></i>, as well as the science-fiction film, <i><a href="/wiki/Flight_to_Mars_(film)" title="Flight to Mars (film)">Flight to Mars</a></i> (1952). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation_of_Allied_Artists_Productions">Creation of Allied Artists Productions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monogram_Pictures&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Creation of Allied Artists Productions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Producer <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mirisch" title="Walter Mirisch">Walter Mirisch</a> began at Monogram after World War II as assistant to studio head <a href="/wiki/Steve_Broidy" title="Steve Broidy">Steve Broidy</a>. He convinced Broidy that the days of low-budget films were ending, and in 1946 Monogram created a new unit, Allied Artists Productions, to make costlier films. The new name was meant to mirror the name of United Artists by evoking images of "creative personnel uniting to produce and distribute quality films".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At a time when the average Hollywood picture cost about $800,000 (and the average Monogram picture cost about $90,000), Allied Artists' first release, the Christmas-themed comedy <i><a href="/wiki/It_Happened_on_Fifth_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="It Happened on Fifth Avenue">It Happened on Fifth Avenue</a></i> (1947), cost more than $1,200,000.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was rewarded with an estimated $1.8 million boxoffice return.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent Allied Artists releases were more economical. Some were filmed in black and white, but others were filmed in <a href="/wiki/Cinecolor" title="Cinecolor">Cinecolor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technicolor" title="Technicolor">Technicolor</a>. </p><p>Monogram continued to be the parent company; the "Allied Artists Productions" all bore Monogram copyright notices, and were released through Monogram's network of film exchanges. The studio's new deluxe division permitted what Mirisch called "B-plus" pictures, which were released along with Monogram's established line of B fare. </p><p>Mirisch's prediction about the end of the low-budget film had come true thanks to television, and in September 1952 Monogram announced that henceforth it would only produce films bearing the Allied Artists name. The Monogram brand name was retired in 1953, and the company was now known as Allied Artists Pictures Corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOkuda1999_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOkuda1999-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Allied Artists retained a few vestiges of its Monogram identity, continuing its popular <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Clements" title="Stanley Clements">Stanley Clements</a> action series (through 1953), its B-westerns (through 1954), its <a href="/wiki/Bomba,_the_Jungle_Boy" title="Bomba, the Jungle Boy">Bomba, the Jungle Boy</a> adventures (through 1955), and especially its breadwinning comedy series with <a href="/wiki/The_Bowery_Boys" title="The Bowery Boys">The Bowery Boys</a> (through 1958, with Clements replacing Leo Gorcey in 1956). For the most part, Allied Artists was heading in new, ambitious directions under Mirisch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monogram_enters_the_field_of_TV">Monogram enters the field of TV</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monogram_Pictures&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Monogram enters the field of TV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Monogram was the first substantial theatrical distributor to offer its recent films to network television, in April 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Steve Broidy's asking price was $1,000,000 for a package of 200 features, or $5,000 per title. The <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Broadcasting_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia Broadcasting System">CBS</a> network declined the offer, and the films went instead to Motion Pictures for Television, a pioneer TV syndicator established in 1951 by film executive Matty Fox.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Monogram cautiously entered the field of syndicating its own product in November 1951. Fearing adverse reaction from its movie-theater customers, a major studio avoided putting its own name on its television subsidiary. Monogram followed suit, christening its TV arm as Interstate Television Corporation. Ralph Branton, a former exhibitor who became a Monogram executive, was named president.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interstate's biggest success was the <a href="/wiki/Our_Gang" title="Our Gang">Little Rascals</a> series (formerly <a href="/wiki/Hal_Roach" title="Hal Roach">Hal Roach</a>'s "Our Gang" comedies, which had been reissued for theaters by Monogram). Interstate further pursued juvenile audiences by distributing Monogram's feature-length westerns with <a href="/wiki/Wild_Bill_Elliott" title="Wild Bill Elliott">Wild Bill Elliott</a>, and outdoor adventures with <a href="/wiki/Kirby_Grant" title="Kirby Grant">Kirby Grant</a> and "Chinook, the Wonder Dog." Curiously, Interstate used the stock title design for the "Little Rascals" shorts when it filmed new TV titles for the Elliott and the Grant features. </p><p>In July 1961 Interstate TV became Allied Artists Television Corporation, under the leadership of studio executive Edward Morey.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Variety</i> commented on the updated company's getting quick results: "Allied Artists Television Corp. took over a fading Interstate TV company and injected some new razzmatazz patterns into syndication, with a resultant setup that now gives AAT the status of a major distribery with techniques that are paying off in handsome dividends. Most of it was accomplished through the marketing of five going packages of feature films, with particular success in bundling the pix as a series"<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> [48 Bowery Boys, 22 science-fiction, 13 Bomba, and two packages comprising 72 miscellaneous features]. </p><p>Allied Artists' television library was sold to Lorimar's TV production and distribution arms in 1979. Lorimar was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Bros. Television">Warner Bros. Television</a>, which now controls the library. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allied_Artists'_major_productions"><span id="Allied_Artists.27_major_productions"></span>Allied Artists' major productions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monogram_Pictures&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Allied Artists' major productions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For a time in the mid-1950s, the Mirisch family held great influence at Allied Artists, with Walter as executive producer, his brother Harold as head of sales, and brother Marvin as assistant treasurer.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They pushed the studio into big-budget filmmaking, signing contracts with <a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a>. When their first big-name productions, Wyler's <a href="/wiki/Friendly_Persuasion_(1956_film)" title="Friendly Persuasion (1956 film)"><i>Friendly Persuasion</i></a> which was nominated for six Academy Awards including Best Picture and Wilder's <a href="/wiki/Love_in_the_Afternoon_(1957_film)" title="Love in the Afternoon (1957 film)"><i>Love in the Afternoon</i></a> were box-office flops in 1956–57, studio head Broidy reverted to the kind of pictures Monogram had previously been known for: low-budget action pictures and thrillers, such as <a href="/wiki/Don_Siegel" title="Don Siegel">Don Siegel</a>'s science-fiction film<i> <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Body_Snatchers" title="Invasion of the Body Snatchers">Invasion of the Body Snatchers</a></i> (1956). </p><p>Allied Artists and <a href="/wiki/The_Mirisch_Company" title="The Mirisch Company">The Mirisch Company</a> released some (but not all) of their late-1950s films through <a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Roger_Corman" title="Roger Corman">Roger Corman</a> made several successful films for Allied Artists.<sup id="cite_ref-eight_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eight-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The studio had renewed success with the release of <i>Al Capone</i> in 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This prompted Allied to invest in a series of bigger budgeted films once more including <i>El Cid</i>, <i>Billy Budd</i>, <i>The George Raft Story</i> and <i>Hitler</i>. There were still cut backs in overall production – the studio had released 35 films in 1958 but this dropped to 12 in 1960 (mainly because the studio stopped making westerns).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-Broidy">Post-Broidy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monogram_Pictures&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-Broidy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Studio chief Steve Broidy retired in 1965. Allied Artists ceased production in 1966 and became a distributor of foreign films, but restarted production with the release of <i><a href="/wiki/Cabaret_(1972_film)" title="Cabaret (1972 film)">Cabaret</a></i> (1972) and followed it with <i><a href="/wiki/Papillon_(1973_film)" title="Papillon (1973 film)">Papillon</a></i> (1973). Both were critical and commercial successes, but high production and financing costs meant they were not big moneymakers for the company. Allied raised financing for their adaptation of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Would_Be_King_(film)" title="The Man Who Would Be King (film)">The Man Who Would Be King</a></i> (1975) by selling the European distribution rights to <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a> and the rest of the backing came from Canadian tax shelters.<sup id="cite_ref-aa_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aa-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>King</i> was released in 1975, but received disappointing returns. That same year, the company distributed the French import <a href="/wiki/Story_of_O_(film)" title="Story of O (film)"><i>Story of O</i></a>, but spent much of its earnings defending itself from obscenity charges.<sup id="cite_ref-aa_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aa-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1976, Allied Artists attempted to diversify when it merged with consumer producers Kalvex and PSP, Inc. The new <b>Allied Artists Industries, Inc.</b> manufactured pharmaceuticals, mobile homes, and activewear in addition to films.<sup id="cite_ref-aa_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aa-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demise">Demise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monogram_Pictures&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Demise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Monogram/Allied Artists continued until 1979, when runaway inflation and high production costs pushed it into bankruptcy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_library_fate">Film library fate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monogram_Pictures&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Film library fate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The post-August 1946 Monogram/Allied Artists library was bought by television production company <a href="/wiki/Lorimar_Television" title="Lorimar Television">Lorimar</a> in 1980 for $4.75 million;<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> today a majority of this library belongs to <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures" title="Warner Bros. Pictures">Warner Bros. Pictures</a> (via their acquisition of Lorimar in 1989). The pre-August 1946 Monogram library was sold in 1954 to <a href="/wiki/Associated_Artists_Productions" title="Associated Artists Productions">Associated Artists Productions</a>, which itself was sold to <a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a> in 1958 (it merged with <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> in 1981). The pre-1946 Monogram library was not part of the deal with <a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a>. (The rights to many of the later films are now owned by MGM via United Artists; others, such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Combo" title="The Big Combo">The Big Combo</a></i>, lapsed into the public domain.) A selection of post-1938 Monogram films acquired by M&A Alexander Productions and Astor Pictures were later incorporated into <a href="/wiki/Republic_Pictures" title="Republic Pictures">Melange Pictures</a>' library, today a part of <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Global" title="Paramount Global">Paramount Global</a>-owned <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>. Most Monogram Pictures films released before 1942 are in the public domain. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a> dedicated his film <i><a href="/wiki/Breathless_(1960_film)" title="Breathless (1960 film)">Breathless</a></i> (1960) to Monogram.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Studios">Studios</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monogram_Pictures&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Studios"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sunset_Boulevard">Sunset Boulevard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monogram_Pictures&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sunset Boulevard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Allied Artists had its studio at 4401 W. Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood, on a 4.5-acre lot. The longtime home (since 1971) of former <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> television station <a href="/wiki/KCET" title="KCET">KCET</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the station sold the studios to the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scientology" title="Church of Scientology">Church of Scientology</a> in April 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monogram_Ranch">Monogram Ranch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monogram_Pictures&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Monogram Ranch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Monogram Pictures operated the <a href="/wiki/Movie_ranch#Monogram_Ranch.2FMelody_Ranch" title="Movie ranch">Monogram Ranch</a>, its <a href="/wiki/Movie_ranch" title="Movie ranch">movie ranch</a> in <a href="/wiki/Placerita_Canyon_State_Park" title="Placerita Canyon State Park">Placerita Canyon</a> near <a href="/wiki/Newhall,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Newhall, California">Newhall, California</a>, in the northern <a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Mountains" title="San Gabriel Mountains">San Gabriel Mountains</a> foothills. <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mix" title="Tom Mix">Tom Mix</a> had used the Placeritos Ranch for <a href="/wiki/Location_shooting" title="Location shooting">location shooting</a> for his silent western films. Ernie Hickson became the owner in 1936 and reconstructed all the "frontier <a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">western</a> town" <a href="/wiki/Set_construction" title="Set construction">sets</a>, moved from the nearby <a href="/wiki/Republic_Pictures" title="Republic Pictures">Republic Pictures</a> Movie Ranch (present day Disney <a href="/wiki/Golden_Oak_Ranch" title="Golden Oak Ranch">Golden Oak Ranch</a>), onto his 110-acre (0.45 km<sup>2</sup>) ranch. A year later Monogram Pictures signed a long-term lease with Hickson for Placeritos Ranch, with terms that stipulated that the ranch be renamed Monogram Ranch. Actor/cowboy singer/producer <a href="/wiki/Gene_Autry" title="Gene Autry">Gene Autry</a> purchased the Monogram Ranch property from the Hickson heirs in 1953, renaming it after his film <i><a href="/wiki/Melody_Ranch" title="Melody Ranch">Melody Ranch</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2010, it was operated as the Melody Ranch Motion Picture Studio and Melody Ranch Studios.<sup id="cite_ref-ranch_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ranch-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After fire damage, the sets were replaced; as of 2012, the studio had 74 buildings (including offices) and two sound stages.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The owners in 2019 were Renaud and Andre Veluzat. The owners indicate that other recent movies were also partly filmed here, including <i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_Hollywood" title="Once Upon a Time in Hollywood">Once Upon a Time in Hollywood</a></i>. The site includes a movie memorabilia museum that is open to visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-ranch_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ranch-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monogram_Pictures&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Monogram_Pictures_and_Allied_Artists_Pictures_films" title="List of Monogram Pictures and Allied Artists Pictures films">List of Monogram Pictures and Allied Artists Pictures films</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monogram_Pictures&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Registered_Trademark_Ownership-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Registered_Trademark_Ownership_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=77839826&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=statusSearch">"Registered Trademark Ownership"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="United States Patent and Trademark Office">United States Patent and Trademark Office</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Registered+Trademark+Ownership&rft.pub=United+States+Patent+and+Trademark+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftsdr.uspto.gov%2F%23caseNumber%3D77839826%26caseType%3DSERIAL_NO%26searchType%3DstatusSearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonogram+Pictures" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Variety,</i> August 10, 1945.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOkuda1999-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOkuda1999_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOkuda1999_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOkuda1999">Okuda 1999</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1987-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1987_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1987_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1987">Miller 1987</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacGillivray2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Scott_MacGillivray" title="Scott MacGillivray">MacGillivray, Scott</a> (2009). <i><span></span></i>Laurel & Hardy<i>: From the Forties Forward</i> (2nd ed.). iUniverse. p. 194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4401-7239-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4401-7239-7"><bdi>978-1-4401-7239-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laurel+%26+Hardy%3A+From+the+Forties+Forward&rft.pages=194&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4401-7239-7&rft.aulast=MacGillivray&rft.aufirst=Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonogram+Pictures" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalio2009" class="citation book cs1">Balio, Tino (2009). <i>United Artists, Volume 2, 1951–1978: The Company that Changed the Film Industry</i>. Univ. of Wisconsin Press. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-23014-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-23014-2"><bdi>978-0-299-23014-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+Artists%2C+Volume+2%2C+1951%E2%80%931978%3A+The+Company+that+Changed+the+Film+Industry&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Univ.+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-299-23014-2&rft.aulast=Balio&rft.aufirst=Tino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonogram+Pictures" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Out Hollywood Way". <i>The New York Times</i>. September 8, 1946. p. X1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Out+Hollywood+Way&rft.pages=X1&rft.date=1946-09-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonogram+Pictures" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://footeandfriendsonfilm.com/2020/12/22/revisiting-the-christmas-classic-it-happened-on-5th-avenue-1947/">"Revisiting a Christmas Classic: It Happened on Fifth Avenue (1947)"</a>. <i>Foote & Friends on Film</i>. December 22, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foote+%26+Friends+on+Film&rft.atitle=Revisiting+a+Christmas+Classic%3A+It+Happened+on+Fifth+Avenue+%281947%29&rft.date=2020-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffooteandfriendsonfilm.com%2F2020%2F12%2F22%2Frevisiting-the-christmas-classic-it-happened-on-5th-avenue-1947%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonogram+Pictures" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Mono. 3-Year-Old Pix for Video". <i>Film Daily</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Success+Stories+in+Early+Buyers&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1951-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvariety183-1951-08-29%2Fpage%2Fn4%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonogram+Pictures" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Monogram Forms Interstate Television Corporation". <i>Ross Reports</i>. November 11, 1951. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ross+Reports&rft.atitle=Monogram+Forms+Interstate+Television+Corporation&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1951-11-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonogram+Pictures" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Hollywood Reporter</i>, July 19, 1961, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Variety</i>, "AAT: A Formula for Success", Shot. 26, 1962, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/variety197-1955-03/page/n309/mode/1up?">"Crashing film gravy train"</a>. <i>Variety</i>. 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April 25, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+Los+Angeles&rft.atitle=KCET+Sells+Production+Studios+To+Church+Of+Scientology&rft.date=2011-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flosangeles.cbslocal.com%2F2011%2F04%2F25%2Fkcet-sells-production-studios-to-church-of-scientology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonogram+Pictures" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608223159/http://employees.oxy.edu/jerry//melody.htm">"Placeritos Ranch – Monogram Ranch"</a>. <i>Melody Ranch History</i>. employees.oxy.edu. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=melodyranchstudio.com&rft.atitle=The+Town&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmelodyranchstudio.com%2Fthetown.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonogram+Pictures" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ranch-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ranch_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ranch_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://melodyranchstudio.com/">"Melody Ranch Motion Picture Studio"</a>. <i>melodyranchstudio.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=melodyranchstudio.com&rft.atitle=Melody+Ranch+Motion+Picture+Studio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmelodyranchstudio.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonogram+Pictures" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerrier2012" class="citation news cs1">Verrier, Richard (January 24, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/blogs/company-town-blog/story/2012-01-24/santa-clarita-movie-ranches-corral-tarantino-and-other-filmmakers">"Santa Clarita movie ranches corral Tarantino and other filmmakers"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Santa+Clarita+movie+ranches+corral+Tarantino+and+other+filmmakers&rft.date=2012-01-24&rft.aulast=Verrier&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fblogs%2Fcompany-town-blog%2Fstory%2F2012-01-24%2Fsanta-clarita-movie-ranches-corral-tarantino-and-other-filmmakers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonogram+Pictures" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monogram_Pictures&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkuda1999" class="citation book cs1">Okuda, Ted (1999). <i>The Monogram Checklist: The Films of Monogram Pictures Corporation, 1931–1952</i>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786407507" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786407507"><bdi>978-0786407507</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Monogram+Checklist%3A+The+Films+of+Monogram+Pictures+Corporation%2C+1931%E2%80%931952&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0786407507&rft.aulast=Okuda&rft.aufirst=Ted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonogram+Pictures" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1987" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Don (1987). <i>B Movies</i>. Ballantine Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0345347107" title="Special:BookSources/978-0345347107"><bdi>978-0345347107</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=B+Movies&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0345347107&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonogram+Pictures" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monogram_Pictures&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Monogram_Pictures" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Monogram Pictures">Monogram Pictures</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dukefilmography.com/monogram_pictures_library.html">Copyright status of Monogram's entire output</a> At DukeFilmography</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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