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2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 52</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Zerihun Tesfaye Nigusse</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Methanolic Extract of the Exudates of Aloe Otallensis and Its Effect on Leishmania Donovani Parasite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zerihun%20Tesfaye%20Nigusse">Zerihun Tesfaye Nigusse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: This study evaluates the antileishmanial activity of the methanolic extract of Aloe otallensis (A. otallensis) on the promastigote stage of Leishmaniadonovani (L. donovani) as compared to standard drugs and to screen its phytochemical constituents. Methods: Phytochemical screening was done by using the method mentioned by Evans and Trease on methanolic extract of the exudates of Aloe otallensis leaves. The extract was also evaluated for in vitro antileishmanial activity against L. donavani, which is found in the Parasitology Unit of Black Lion Hospital. The result was compared to standard drugs of sodium stibogluconate, milfostin and paramomycin. Results: The extract has good antileishmanial activity with an IC50 of 0.123 0 μg/mL on L. donovani (AM 563). The experimental data showed that relatively, it had better activity than paramomycin and milfostin but less activity than sodium stibogluconate. The data analyses were done by GraphPad Prism version 5 software after it was read by an ELISA reader at the wavelength of 650 nm. The phytochemical screening of the exudates of A. otallensis showed the presence of phenol, alkaloid and saponin. Conclusions: The methanol extract of the exudates of A.otallensishas a good anti- leishmaniasis activity and this may be attributed to phenol, alkaloid and saponin present in the plant. But it needs further analysis for the conformation of which constituent presents in high concentration to know which one has the strongest effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti%20leshimaniasis" title="anti leshimaniasis">anti leshimaniasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aloe%20otallensis" title=" aloe otallensis"> aloe otallensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leshimania%20ethiopica" title=" leshimania ethiopica"> leshimania ethiopica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IC50" title=" IC50"> IC50</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188744/methanolic-extract-of-the-exudates-of-aloe-otallensis-and-its-effect-on-leishmania-donovani-parasite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Gender-Specific Vulnerability on Climate Change and Food Security Status - A Catchment Approach on Agroforestry Systems - A Multi-Country Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zerihun%20Yohannes%20Amare%20Id">Zerihun Yohannes Amare Id</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernhard%20Freyer"> Bernhard Freyer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ky%20Serge%20Stephane"> Ky Serge Stephane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ou%C3%A9da%20Adama"> Ouéda Adama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Blessing%20Mudombi"> Blessing Mudombi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Nzuma"> Jean Nzuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mekonen%20Getachew%20Abebe"> Mekonen Getachew Abebe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adane%20Tesfaye"> Adane Tesfaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Birtukan%20Atinkut%20Asmare"> Birtukan Atinkut Asmare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesfahun%20Asmamaw%20Kassie"> Tesfahun Asmamaw Kassie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was conducted in Ethiopia (Zege Catchment) (ZC), Zimbabwe (Upper Save Catchment) (USC), and Burkina Faso (Nakambe Catchment) (NC). The study utilized a quantitative approach with 180 participants and complemented it with qualitative methods, including 33 key informant interviews and 6 focus group discussions. Households in ZC (58%), NC (55%), and US (40%) do not cover their household food consumption from crop production. The households rely heavily on perennial cash crops rather than annual crop production. Exposure indicators in ZC (0.758), USC (0.774), and NC (0.944), and sensitivity indicators in ZC (0.849) and NC (0.937) show statistically significant and high correlation with vulnerability. In the USC, adaptive capacity (0.746) and exposure (0.774) are also statistically significant and highly correlated with vulnerability. Vulnerability levels of the NC are very high (0.75) (0.85 female and 0.65 male participants) compared to the USC (0.66) (0.69 female and 0.61 male participants) and ZC (0.47) (0.34 female and 0.58 male participants). Female-headed households had statistically significantly lower vulnerability index compared to males in ZC, while male-headed households had statistically significantly lower vulnerability index compared to females in USC and NC. The reason is land certification in ZC (80%) is higher than in the US (10%) and NC (8%). Agroforestry practices variables across the study catchments had statistically significant contributions to households' adaptive capacity. We conclude that agroforestry practices do have substantial benefits in increasing women's adaptive capacity and reducing their vulnerability to climate change and food insecurity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change%20vulnerability" title="climate change vulnerability">climate change vulnerability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agroforestry" title=" agroforestry"> agroforestry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title=" food security"> food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sub-Saharan%20Africa" title=" Sub-Saharan Africa"> Sub-Saharan Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170698/gender-specific-vulnerability-on-climate-change-and-food-security-status-a-catchment-approach-on-agroforestry-systems-a-multi-country-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Innovative In-Service Training Approach to Strengthen Health Care Human Resources and Scale-Up Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsegahun%20Manyazewal">Tsegahun Manyazewal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesco%20Marinucci"> Francesco Marinucci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getachew%20Belay"> Getachew Belay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abraham%20Tesfaye"> Abraham Tesfaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gonfa%20Ayana"> Gonfa Ayana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amaha%20Kebede"> Amaha Kebede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsegahun%20Manyazewal"> Tsegahun Manyazewal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesco%20Marinucci"> Francesco Marinucci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getachew%20Belay"> Getachew Belay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abraham%20Tesfaye"> Abraham Tesfaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gonfa%20Ayana"> Gonfa Ayana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amaha%20Kebede"> Amaha Kebede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yewondwossen%20Tadesse"> Yewondwossen Tadesse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susan%20Lehman"> Susan Lehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zelalem%20Temesgen"> Zelalem Temesgen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In-service health trainings in Sub-Saharan Africa are mostly content-centered with higher disconnection with the real practice in the facility. This study intended to evaluate in-service training approach aimed to strengthen health care human resources. A combined web-based and face-to-face training was designed and piloted in Ethiopia with the diagnosis of tuberculosis. During the first part, which lasted 43 days, trainees accessed web-based material and read without leaving their work; while the second part comprised a one-day hands-on evaluation. Trainee’s competency was measured using multiple-choice questions, written-assignments, exercises and hands-on evaluation. Of 108 participants invited, 81 (75%) attended the course and 71 (88%) of them successfully completed. Of those completed, 73 (90%) scored a grade from A to C. The approach was effective to transfer knowledge and turn it into practical skills. In-service health training should transform from a passive one-time-event to a continuous behavioral change of participants and improvements on their actual work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20care" title=" health care"> health care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mycobacterium%20tuberculosis" title=" Mycobacterium tuberculosis"> Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training" title=" training"> training</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13878/innovative-in-service-training-approach-to-strengthen-health-care-human-resources-and-scale-up-detection-of-mycobacterium-tuberculosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Genome Analysis of Lactobacillus Plantarum and Lactobacillus Brevis Isolated From Traditionally Fermented Ethiopian Kocho and Their Probiotic Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guesh%20Mulaw">Guesh Mulaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haile%20Beruhulay"> Haile Beruhulay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anteneh%20Tesfaye"> Anteneh Tesfaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesfaye%20Sisay%20Diriba%20Muleta"> Tesfaye Sisay Diriba Muleta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, promote the health of a consumer. The present work aims to study the whole genome sequence of probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from traditional Ethiopian fermented kocho for bacteriocin production and to evaluate their probiotic properties. LAB were isolated from traditionally fermented kocho samples and characterized following standard methods. Accordingly, a total of 150 LAB were isolated, of which 7 (4.67%) isolates showed 50.52-74.05% and 33.33-62.40% survival rates at pH 2 for 3 and 6 h, respectively. The 7 acid-tolerant isolates were also tolerated 0.3% bile salt for 24 h with 88.96 to 98.10% survival. The acid and bile salt-tolerant LAB isolates also inhibited some reference foodborne pathogenic bacteria to varying degrees. All 7 acid- and bile salt-tolerant isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin. However, the potent isolates showed remarkable resistance to kanamycin. Likewise, four of the 7 isolates were resistant to streptomycin, but three of the 7 isolates were sensitive to streptomycin. The identification of the seven selected probiotic LAB isolates and their genetic relatedness was performed based on whole-genome sequence comparisons. Consequently, these isolates belonged to Lactobacillus species, including 6 Lb. plantarum, 1 Lb. brevis. Among the 7 potential probiotic LAB strains, BAGEL predicted 2 bacteriocin for class II in the genome of 7 strains. The 7 Lactobacillus strains were found to be potentially useful for producing functional products and could be suitable probiotic candidates for food processing industries <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferneted%20foods" title="ferneted foods">ferneted foods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kocho" title=" kocho"> kocho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotics" title=" probiotics"> probiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactic%20acid%20bacteria" title=" lactic acid bacteria"> lactic acid bacteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190134/genome-analysis-of-lactobacillus-plantarum-and-lactobacillus-brevis-isolated-from-traditionally-fermented-ethiopian-kocho-and-their-probiotic-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">38</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Model Predictive Controller for Pasteurization Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesfaye%20Alamirew%20Dessie">Tesfaye Alamirew Dessie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Our study focuses on developing a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) and evaluating it against a traditional PID for a pasteurization process. Utilizing system identification from the experimental data, the dynamics of the pasteurization process were calculated. Using best fit with data validation, residual, and stability analysis, the quality of several model architectures was evaluated. The validation data fit the auto-regressive with exogenous input (ARX322) model of the pasteurization process by roughly 80.37 percent. The ARX322 model structure was used to create MPC and PID control techniques. After comparing controller performance based on settling time, overshoot percentage, and stability analysis, it was found that MPC controllers outperform PID for those parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPC" title="MPC">MPC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID" title=" PID"> PID</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARX" title=" ARX"> ARX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pasteurization" title=" pasteurization"> pasteurization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154469/model-predictive-controller-for-pasteurization-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Water Temperature on Early Age Concrete Property</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesfaye%20Sisay%20Dessalegn">Tesfaye Sisay Dessalegn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The long-term performance of concrete structures is affected by the properties and behavior of concrete at an early age. However, the fundamental mechanisms affecting the early-age behavior of concrete have not yet been fully studied. The effect of water temperature on concrete is not sufficiently studied, and at the same time, the majority of studies focused on the effect of mixing water temperature on the workability and mechanical properties of concrete. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the effect of mixing water temperatures on plastic shrinkage cracking of concrete has not been studied yet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20temperature" title="water temperature">water temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20age%20concrete%20strength" title=" early age concrete strength"> early age concrete strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties%20of%20concrete" title=" mechanical properties of concrete"> mechanical properties of concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186313/water-temperature-on-early-age-concrete-property" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Boryl Radical-Promoted Dehydroxylative Alkylation of 3-Hydroxyoxindole Derivatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesfaye%20Tebeka%20Simur">Tesfaye Tebeka Simur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tian-Yu%20Peng"> Tian-Yu Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Feng%20Wang"> Yi-Feng Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiu-Wei%20Wu"> Xiu-Wei Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng-Lian%20Zhang"> Feng-Lian Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A boryl radical-promoted dehydroxylative alkylation of 3-hydroxy-oxindole derivatives is achieved. The reaction starts from addition of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)-boryl radical to the amide carbonyl oxygen atom, which induces a spin-center shift process to promote the C−O bond cleavage. The elimination of a hydroxide anion from a free hydroxy group is also accomplished. Capture of the generated carbon radical with alkenes furnishes a variety of C-3 alkylated oxindoles. This method features a simple operation and broad substrate scope. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boryl%20radical" title="boryl radical">boryl radical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C-O" title=" C-O"> C-O</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C-F" title=" C-F"> C-F</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C%3DC" title=" C=C"> C=C</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C%3DN%20bond%20activation" title=" C=N bond activation"> C=N bond activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin%20center%20shift" title=" spin center shift"> spin center shift</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166794/boryl-radical-promoted-dehydroxylative-alkylation-of-3-hydroxyoxindole-derivatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Dyeing Cotton with Dyes Extracted from Eucalyptus and Mango Trees</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamrat%20Tesfaye">Tamrat Tesfaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruce%20Sithole"> Bruce Sithole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Shabaridharan"> K. Shabaridharan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of natural dyes to replace synthetic dyes has been advocated for to circumvent the environmental problems associated with synthetic dyes. This paper is a preliminary study on the use of natural dyes extracted from eucalyptus and mango trees. Dyes extracted from eucalyptus bark gave more colourized material than the dyes extracted from eucalyptus leaves and mango pills and leaves. Additionally, the extracts exhibited a deeper colour shade. Cotton fiber dyed using the same dye but with different mordants resulted in fabric that exhibited different colours. It appears that natural dyes from these plants could be effective dyes for use on cotton fabrics especially considering that the dyes exhibited excellent colour fastness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20dyes" title="natural dyes">natural dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mango" title=" mango"> mango</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eucalyptus" title=" eucalyptus"> eucalyptus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title=" cotton"> cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mordants" title=" mordants"> mordants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colour%20fastness" title=" colour fastness"> colour fastness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65021/dyeing-cotton-with-dyes-extracted-from-eucalyptus-and-mango-trees" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Volarization of Sugarcane Bagasse: The Effect of Alkali Concentration, Soaking Time and Temperature on Fibre Yield</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamrat%20Tesfaye">Tamrat Tesfaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tilahun%20Seyoum"> Tilahun Seyoum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Shabaridharan"> K. Shabaridharan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this paper was to determine the effect of NaOH concentration, soaking time, soaking temperature and their interaction on percentage yield of fibre extract using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the extraction process of cellulosic fibre from sugar cane by-product bagasse using low alkaline extraction technique. The quadratic model with the optimal technological conditions resulted in a maximum fibre yield of 56.80% at 0.55N NaOH concentration, 4 h steeping time and 60ᵒC soaking temperature. Among the independent variables concentration was found to be the most significant (P < 0.005) variable and the interaction effect of concentration and soaking time leads to securing the optimized processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugarcane%20bagasse" title="sugarcane bagasse">sugarcane bagasse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20alkaline" title=" low alkaline"> low alkaline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Box-Behnken" title=" Box-Behnken"> Box-Behnken</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibre" title=" fibre "> fibre </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45876/volarization-of-sugarcane-bagasse-the-effect-of-alkali-concentration-soaking-time-and-temperature-on-fibre-yield" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45876.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Examining Ethiopian Banking Industry in Relation to Factors Affecting Profitability: From 2008 to 2012</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zelalem%20Zerihun">Zelalem Zerihun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, attempts were made to assess the bank-specific, industry-specific, and macro-economic factors affecting bank profitability. Data were collected from ten commercial banks in Ethiopia, covering the period of 2008-2012. A mixed method research approach was adopted for this research. Documentary analysis and in-depth interview were also used to substantiate the data. The study found out that capital strength, income diversification, bank size and gross domestic product are statistically significant and they have a positive relationship with banks’ profitability. However, operational efficiency and asset quality have a negative relationship with banks’ profitability. The relationship for liquidity risk, concentration and inflation were found to be statistically insignificant. The study revealed that focusing and reengineering the banks in light of the key internal drivers could enhance the profitability as well as the performance of the commercial banks in Ethiopia. In addition to this, the study suggests that banks in Ethiopia should not only be concerned about internal structures but also they must consider both the internal environment and the macro-economic environment in designing strategies to improve their profit or their performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopian%20banking%20industry" title="Ethiopian banking industry">Ethiopian banking industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macro-economic%20factors" title=" macro-economic factors"> macro-economic factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=documentary%20analysis" title=" documentary analysis"> documentary analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20strength" title=" capital strength"> capital strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=income%20diversification" title=" income diversification"> income diversification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48548/examining-ethiopian-banking-industry-in-relation-to-factors-affecting-profitability-from-2008-to-2012" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Development and Analysis of Waste Human Hair Fiber Reinforced Composite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesfaye%20Worku">Tesfaye Worku</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human hair, chicken feathers, and hairs of other birds and animals are commonly described as waste products, and the currently available disposal methods, such as burying and burning these waste products, are contributing to environmental pollution. However, those waste products are used to develop fiber-reinforced textile composite material. In this research work, the composite was developed using human hair fiber and analysis of the mechanical and physical properties of the developed composite sample. A composite sample was made with different ratios of human hair and unsaturated polyester resin, and an analysis of the mechanical and physical properties of the developed composite sample was tested according to standards. The fabricated human hair fibers reinforced polymer matrix composite sample has given encouraging results in terms of high strength and rigidity for lightweight house ceiling board material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title="composite">composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20hair%20fiber" title=" human hair fiber"> human hair fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix" title=" matrix"> matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20polyester" title=" unsaturated polyester"> unsaturated polyester</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183413/development-and-analysis-of-waste-human-hair-fiber-reinforced-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Graphen-Based Nanocomposites for Glucose and Ethanol Enzymatic Biosensor Fabrication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesfaye%20Alamirew">Tesfaye Alamirew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Delele%20Worku"> Delele Worku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20W.%20Fanta"> Solomon W. Fanta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigus%20Gabbiye"> Nigus Gabbiye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently graphen based nanocomposites are become an emerging research areas for fabrication of enzymatic biosensors due to their property of large surface area, conductivity and biocompatibility. This review summarizes recent research reports of graphen based nanocomposites for the fabrication of glucose and ethanol enzymatic biosensors. The newly fabricated enzyme free microwave treated nitrogen doped graphen (MN-d-GR) had provided highest sensitivity towards glucose and GCE/rGO/AuNPs/ADH composite had provided far highest sensitivity towards ethanol compared to other reported graphen based nanocomposites. The MWCNT/GO/GOx and GCE/ErGO/PTH/ADH nanocomposites had also enhanced wide linear range for glucose and ethanol detection respectively. Generally, graphen based nanocomposite enzymatic biosensors had fast direct electron transfer rate, highest sensitivity and wide linear detection ranges during glucose and ethanol sensing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose" title="glucose">glucose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanol" title=" ethanol"> ethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymatic%20biosensor" title=" enzymatic biosensor"> enzymatic biosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphen" title=" graphen"> graphen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title=" nanocomposite"> nanocomposite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154291/graphen-based-nanocomposites-for-glucose-and-ethanol-enzymatic-biosensor-fabrication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Prevalence and Associated Factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among Children Age 6 to 17 Years Old Living in Girja District, Oromia Regional State, Rural Ethiopia: Community Based Cross-Sectional Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hirbaye%20Mokona">Hirbaye Mokona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abebaw%20Gebeyehu"> Abebaw Gebeyehu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aemro%20Zerihun"> Aemro Zerihun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is serious public health problem affecting millions of children throughout the world. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted from May to June 2015 among children age 6 to 17 years living in rural area of Girja district. Multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select 1302 study participants. Disruptive Behavior Disorder rating scale was used to collect the data. Data were coded, entered and cleaned by Epi-Data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Logistic regression analysis was used and Variables that have P-values less than 0.05 on multivariable logistic regression was considered as statistically significant. Results: Prevalence of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children age 6 to 17 years was 7.3%. Being male [AOR=1.81, 95%CI: (1.13, 2.91)]; living with single parent [AOR=5.0, 95%CI: (2.35, 10.65)]; child birth order/rank [AOR=2.35, 95%CI: (1.30, 4.25)]; low family socio-economic status [AOR= 2.43, 95%CI: (1.29, 4.59)]; maternal alcohol/khat use during pregnancy [AOR=3.14, 95%CI: (1.37, 7.37)] and complication at delivery [AOR=3.56, 95%CI: (1.19, 10.64)] were more likely to develop Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was similar with worldwide prevalence. Prevention and early management of its modifiable risk factors should be carryout alongside increasing community awareness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attention%20deficit%20hyperactivity%20disorder" title="attention deficit hyperactivity disorder">attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADHD" title=" ADHD"> ADHD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=associated%20factors" title=" associated factors"> associated factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94747/prevalence-and-associated-factors-of-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-among-children-age-6-to-17-years-old-living-in-girja-district-oromia-regional-state-rural-ethiopia-community-based-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Design and Development of Ssvep-Based Brain-Computer Interface for Limb Disabled Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zerihun%20Ketema%20Tadesse">Zerihun Ketema Tadesse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dabbu%20Suman%20Reddy"> Dabbu Suman Reddy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) give the possibility for disabled people to communicate and control devices. This work aims at developing steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based BCI for patients with limb disabilities. In hospitals, devices like nurse emergency call devices, lights, and TV sets are what patients use most frequently, but these devices are operated manually or using the remote control. Thus, disabled patients are not able to operate these devices by themselves. Hence, SSVEP-based BCI system that can allow disabled patients to control nurse calling device and other devices is proposed in this work. Portable LED visual stimulator that flickers at specific frequencies of 7Hz, 8Hz, 9Hz and 10Hz were developed as part of this project. Disabled patients can stare at specific flickering LED of visual stimulator and Emotiv EPOC used to acquire EEG signal in a non-invasive way. The acquired EEG signal can be processed to generate various control signals depending upon the amplitude and duration of signal components. MATLAB software is used for signal processing and analysis and also for command generation. Arduino is used as a hardware interface device to receive and transmit command signals to the experimental setup. Therefore, this study is focused on the design and development of Steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP)-based BCI for limb disabled patients, which helps them to operate and control devices in the hospital room/wards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSVEP-BCI" title="SSVEP-BCI">SSVEP-BCI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Limb%20Disabled%20Patients" title=" Limb Disabled Patients"> Limb Disabled Patients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LED%20Visual%20Stimulator" title=" LED Visual Stimulator"> LED Visual Stimulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEG%20signal" title=" EEG signal"> EEG signal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20devices" title=" control devices"> control devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital%20room%2Fwards" title=" hospital room/wards"> hospital room/wards</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140313/design-and-development-of-ssvep-based-brain-computer-interface-for-limb-disabled-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Model Organic Ranikin Cycle Power Plant for Waste Heat Recovery in Olkaria-I Geothermal Power Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haile%20Araya%20Nigusse">Haile Araya Nigusse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiram%20M.%20Ndiritu"> Hiram M. Ndiritu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Kiplimo"> Robert Kiplimo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy consumption is an indispensable component for the continued development of the human population. The global energy demand increases with development and population rise. The increase in energy demand, high cost of fossil fuels and the link between energy utilization and environmental impacts have resulted in the need for a sustainable approach to the utilization of the low grade energy resources. The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plant is an advantageous technology that can be applied in generation of power from low temperature brine of geothermal reservoirs. The power plant utilizes a low boiling organic working fluid such as a refrigerant or a hydrocarbon. Researches indicated that the performance of ORC power plant is highly dependent upon factors such as proper organic working fluid selection, types of heat exchangers (condenser and evaporator) and turbine used. Despite a high pressure drop, shell-tube heat exchangers have satisfactory performance for ORC power plants. This study involved the design, fabrication and performance assessment of the components of a model Organic Rankine Cycle power plant to utilize the low grade geothermal brine. Two shell and tube heat exchangers (evaporator and condenser) and a single stage impulse turbine have been designed, fabricated and the performance assessment of each component has been conducted. Pentane was used as a working fluid and hot water simulating the geothermal brine. The results of the experiment indicated that the increase in mass flow rate of hot water by 0.08 kg/s caused a rise in overall heat transfer coefficient of the evaporator by 17.33% and the heat transferred was increased by 6.74%. In the condenser, the increase of cooling water flow rate from 0.15 kg/s to 0.35 kg/s increased the overall heat transfer coefficient by 1.21% and heat transferred was increased by 4.26%. The shaft speed varied from 1585 to 4590 rpm as inlet pressure was varied from 0.5 to 5.0 bar and power generated was varying from 4.34 to 14.46W. The results of the experiments indicated that the performance of each component of the model Organic Rankine Cycle power plant operating at low temperature heat resources was satisfactory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brine" title="brine">brine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20exchanger" title=" heat exchanger"> heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ORC" title=" ORC"> ORC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbine" title=" turbine"> turbine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26578/model-organic-ranikin-cycle-power-plant-for-waste-heat-recovery-in-olkaria-i-geothermal-power-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">655</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Fiber Based Pushover Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frame</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shewangizaw%20Tesfaye%20Wolde">Shewangizaw Tesfaye Wolde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current engineering community has developed a method called performance based seismic design in which we design structures based on predefined performance levels set by the parties. Since we design our structures economically for the maximum actions expected in the life of structures they go beyond their elastic limit, in need of nonlinear analysis. In this paper conventional pushover analysis (nonlinear static analysis) is used for the performance assessment of the case study Reinforced Concrete (RC) Frame building located in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia where proposed peak ground acceleration value by RADIUS 1999 project and others is more than twice as of EBCS-8:1995 (RADIUS 1999 project) by taking critical planar frame. Fiber beam-column model is used to control material nonlinearity with tension stiffening effect. The reliability of the fiber model and validation of software outputs are checked under verification chapter. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to propose a way for structural performance assessment of existing reinforced concrete frame buildings as well as design check. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic" title="seismic">seismic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20model" title=" fiber model"> fiber model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tension%20stiffening" title=" tension stiffening"> tension stiffening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178786/fiber-based-pushover-analysis-of-reinforced-concrete-frame" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178786.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Shades of Memory, Echoes of Despair: Exploring Melancholy in Modern Amharic Novels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawit%20%20Dibekulu">Dawit Dibekulu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesfaye%20Dagnew"> Tesfaye Dagnew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesfamaryam%20G.%20Meskel"> Tesfamaryam G. Meskel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Echoing with memories of loss and whispers of despair, this study delves into the poignant world of melancholy in Sisay Nigusu's contemporary Amharic novel, ‘Yäqənat Zār’ (‘Zār of Jealousy’). Employing a psychoanalytic lens focused on Freud and Klein's theories of mourning and melancholia, we explore the psychological depths of characters ravaged by grief. Through an interpretive paradigm and descriptive research design, we unpack the intricate tapestry of the novel, revealing how love's ashes morph into melancholic despair. The loss of loved ones, be it sudden death or betrayal, casts long shadows on the characters' souls, distorting their behavior and twisting their narratives. Altered thoughts, self-blame, and paralyzing yearning become their companions, weaving a tragic dance of longing and despair. ‘Yäqənat Zār’ serves as a powerful testament to the transformative power of storytelling, allowing us to navigate the labyrinthine paths of melancholia and gain a glimpse into the Ethiopian soul grappling with loss. This study not only sheds light on the individual's struggle with sadness but also illuminates the cultural fabric of grief and melancholia intricately woven into Ethiopian society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melancholy" title="melancholy">melancholy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loss" title=" loss"> loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychoanalysis" title=" psychoanalysis"> psychoanalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grief" title=" grief"> grief</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181870/shades-of-memory-echoes-of-despair-exploring-melancholy-in-modern-amharic-novels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Climate Trends, Variability, and Impacts of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on Rainfall Amount in Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zerihun%20Yohannes%20Amare">Zerihun Yohannes Amare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belayneh%20Birku%20Geremew"> Belayneh Birku Geremew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigatu%20Melise%20Kebede"> Nigatu Melise Kebede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sisaynew%20Getahun%20Amera"> Sisaynew Getahun Amera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Ethiopia, agricultural production is predominantly rainfed. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the driver of climate variability, which affects the agricultural production system in the country. This paper aims to study trends, variability of rainfall, and impacts of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on rainfall amount. The study was carried out in Ethiopia's Western Amhara National Regional State, which features a variety of seasons that characterize the nation. Monthly rainfall data were collected from fifteen meteorological stations of Western Amhara. Selected El Niño and La Niña years were also extracted from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) from 1986 to 2015. Once the data quality was checked and inspected, the monthly rainfall data of the selected stations were arranged in Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet and analyzed using XLSTAT software. The coefficient of variation and the Mann-Kendall non-parametric statistical test was employed to analyze trends and variability of rainfall and temperature. The long-term recorded annual rainfall data indicated that there was an increasing trend from 1986 to 2015 insignificantly. The rainfall variability was less (Coefficient of Variation, CV = 8.6%); also, the mean monthly rainfall of Western Amhara decreased during El Niño years and increased during La Niña years, especially in the rainy season (JJAS) over 30 years. This finding will be useful to suggest possible adaptation strategies and efficient use of resources during planning and implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall" title="rainfall">rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mann-Kendall%20test" title=" Mann-Kendall test"> Mann-Kendall test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Ni%C3%B1o" title=" El Niño"> El Niño</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=La%20Ni%C3%B1a" title=" La Niña"> La Niña</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Western%20Amhara" title=" Western Amhara"> Western Amhara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia"> Ethiopia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170694/climate-trends-variability-and-impacts-of-el-nino-southern-oscillation-on-rainfall-amount-in-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Cancer Survivor’s Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours; Meeting the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research Recommendations, a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Nigusse%20Tollosa">Daniel Nigusse Tollosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erica%20James"> Erica James</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexis%20Hurre"> Alexis Hurre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meredith%20Tavener"> Meredith Tavener</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Lifestyle behaviours such as healthy diet, regular physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight are essential for cancer survivors to improve the quality of life and longevity. However, there is no study that synthesis cancer survivor’s adherence to healthy lifestyle recommendations. The purpose of this review was to collate existing data on the prevalence of adherence to healthy behaviours and produce the pooled estimate among adult cancer survivors. Method: Multiple databases (Embase, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant articles published since 2007, reporting cancer survivors adherence to more than two lifestyle behaviours based on the WCRF/AICR recommendations. The pooled prevalence of adherence to single and multiple behaviours (operationalized as adherence to more than 75% (3/4) of health behaviours included in a particular study) was calculated using a random effects model. Subgroup analysis adherence to multiple behaviours was undertaken corresponding to the mean survival years and year of publication. Results: A total of 3322 articles were generated through our search strategies. Of these, 51 studies matched our inclusion criteria, which presenting data from 2,620,586 adult cancer survivors. The highest prevalence of adherence was observed for smoking (pooled estimate: 87%, 95% CI: 85%, 88%) and alcohol intake (pooled estimate 83%, 95% CI: 81%, 86%), and the lowest was for fiber intake (pooled estimate: 31%, 95% CI: 21%, 40%). Thirteen studies were reported the proportion of cancer survivors (all used a simple summative index method) to multiple healthy behaviours, whereby the prevalence of adherence was ranged from 7% to 40% (pooled estimate 23%, 95% CI: 17% to 30%). Subgroup analysis suggest that short-term survivors ( < 5 years survival time) had relatively a better adherence to multiple behaviours (pooled estimate: 31%, 95% CI: 27%, 35%) than long-term ( > 5 years survival time) cancer survivors (pooled estimate: 25%, 95% CI: 14%, 36%). Pooling of estimates according to the year of publication (since 2007) also suggests an increasing trend of adherence to multiple behaviours over time. Conclusion: Overall, the adherence to multiple lifestyle behaviors was poor (not satisfactory), and relatively, it is a major concern for long-term than the short-term cancer survivor. Cancer survivors need to obey with healthy lifestyle recommendations related to physical activity, fruit and vegetable, fiber, red/processed meat and sodium intake. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adherence" title="adherence">adherence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifestyle%20behaviours" title=" lifestyle behaviours"> lifestyle behaviours</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20survivors" title=" cancer survivors"> cancer survivors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WCRF%2FAICR" title=" WCRF/AICR"> WCRF/AICR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87199/cancer-survivors-adherence-to-healthy-lifestyle-behaviours-meeting-the-world-cancer-research-fundamerican-institute-of-cancer-research-recommendations-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on Maize (Zea Mays) Yield in Central Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takele%20Nemomsa">Takele Nemomsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Girma%20Mamo"> Girma Mamo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesfaye%20Balemi"> Tesfaye Balemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g. using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or variance of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. In Ethiopia; Maize production in relation to climate change at regional and sub- regional scales have not been studied in detail. Thus, this study was aimed to analyse the impact of climate change on maize yield in Ambo Districts, Central Ethiopia. To this effect, weather data, soil data and maize experimental data for Arganne hybrid were used. APSIM software was used to investigate the response of maize (Zea mays) yield to different agronomic management practices using current and future (2020s–2080s) climate data. The climate change projections data which were downscaled using SDSM were used as input of climate data for the impact analysis. Compared to agronomic practices the impact of climate change on Arganne in Central Ethiopia is minute. However, within 2020s-2080s in Ambo area; the yield of Arganne hybrid is projected to reduce by 1.06% to 2.02%, and in 2050s it is projected to reduce by 1.56 While in 2080s; it is projected to increase by 1.03% to 2.07%. Thus, to adapt to the changing climate; farmers should consider increasing plant density and fertilizer rate per hectare. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=APSIM" title="APSIM">APSIM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=downscaling" title=" downscaling"> downscaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response" title=" response"> response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SDSM" title=" SDSM "> SDSM </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49392/analysis-of-the-impact-of-climate-change-on-maize-zea-mays-yield-in-central-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Effectiveness of Reinforcement Learning (RL) for Autonomous Energy Management Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesfaye%20Mengistu">Tesfaye Mengistu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This thesis aims to investigate the effectiveness of Reinforcement Learning (RL) for Autonomous Energy Management solutions. The study explores the potential of Model Free RL approaches, such as Monte Carlo RL and Q-learning, to improve energy management by autonomously adjusting energy management strategies to maximize efficiency. The research investigates the implementation of RL algorithms for optimizing energy consumption in a single-agent environment. The focus is on developing a framework for the implementation of RL algorithms, highlighting the importance of RL for enabling autonomous systems to adapt quickly to changing conditions and make decisions based on previous experiences. Moreover, the paper proposes RL as a novel energy management solution to address nations' CO2 emission goals. Reinforcement learning algorithms are well-suited to solving problems with sequential decision-making patterns and can provide accurate and immediate outputs to ease the planning and decision-making process. This research provides insights into the challenges and opportunities of using RL for energy management solutions and recommends further studies to explore its full potential. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into how RL can be used to improve the efficiency of energy management systems and supports the use of RL as a promising approach for developing autonomous energy management solutions in residential buildings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement%20learning" title=" reinforcement learning"> reinforcement learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monte%20carlo" title=" monte carlo"> monte carlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20management" title=" energy management"> energy management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20emission" title=" CO2 emission"> CO2 emission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167464/effectiveness-of-reinforcement-learning-rl-for-autonomous-energy-management-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167464.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> The Role of Formal and Informal Institutions in Water Governance in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Endalew%20Jibat">Endalew Jibat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feyera%20Senbeta"> Feyera Senbeta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesfaye%20Zeleke"> Tesfaye Zeleke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fitsum%20Hagos"> Fitsum Hagos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Institutions can play a key role in coordinating how natural resources are effectively used without over-exploitation. Institutions are the laws, policies, and organizational arrangements that permit, forbid or regulate human action. The aim of this study was to look into the roles of formal and informal institutions, as well as their interactions, in water resource governance in Ethiopia's Central Rift Valley (CRV), where water scarcity is a concern. Key informant interviews, group discussions, in depth-interview, and secondary data sources were used to generate relevant data. The study revealed that formal and informal institutions were involved in water resource governance in the study area. However, the influence of informal institutions on formal institutions or vice versa is trivial to change the action of water users. Lack of clear roles and responsibilities of actors, weak capacity and lack of meaningful decentralization and participation of key actors in policy development, lack of synergy and incongruence between formal and informal institutions, and absence of enforcement mechanisms including incentives are attributed to inefficient use of water resources in the CRV. Enhancing the interplay of formal and informal institutions in the water resource policy development and meaningful decentralization and key stakeholders' engagement is recommended for sustainable water use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutions" title="institutions">institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title=" governance"> governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20interplay" title=" institutional interplay"> institutional interplay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20users" title=" water users"> water users</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155986/the-role-of-formal-and-informal-institutions-in-water-governance-in-the-central-rift-valley-of-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Dynamics of Museum Visitors’ Experiences Studies: A Bibliometric Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesfaye%20Fentaw%20Nigatu">Tesfaye Fentaw Nigatu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Trupp"> Alexander Trupp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teh%20Pek%20Yen"> Teh Pek Yen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research on museums and the experiences of visitors has flourished in recent years, especially after museums became centers of edutainment beyond preserving heritage resources. This paper aims to comprehensively understand the changes, continuities, and future research development directions of museum visitors’ experiences. To identify current research trends, the paper summarizes and analyses research article publications from 1986 to 2023 on museum visitors' experiences. Bibliometric analysis software VOSviewer and Harzing POP (Publish or Perish) were used to analyze 407 academic articles. The articles were generated from the Scopus database. The study attempted to map new insights for future scholars and academics to expand the scope of museum visitors’ experience studies by analyzing keywords, citation patterns, influential articles in the field, publication trends, collaborations between authors, institutions, and clusters of highly cited articles. Accessibility to museums, social media usage within museums, aesthetics in museum settings, mixed reality experiences, sustainability issues, and emotions have emerged as key research areas in the study of museum visitors' experiences. The results benefit stakeholders and researchers in advancing the collective progress of considering recent research trends to stay informed about the latest developments and breakthroughs in the global academic landscape and visitors’ experiences development in the museum. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bibliometric%20analysis" title="bibliometric analysis">bibliometric analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=museum" title=" museum"> museum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20analysis" title=" network analysis"> network analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visitors%E2%80%99%20experiences" title=" visitors’ experiences"> visitors’ experiences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20analysis" title=" visual analysis"> visual analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172553/dynamics-of-museum-visitors-experiences-studies-a-bibliometric-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Screening Some Accessions of Lentil (Lens culinaris M.) for Salt Tolerance at Germination and Early Seedling Stage in Eastern Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azene%20Tesfaye">Azene Tesfaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yohannes%20Petros"> Yohannes Petros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habtamu%20Zeleke"> Habtamu Zeleke </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To evaluate genetic variation among Ethiopian lentil, laboratory experiment were conducted to screen 12 accessions of lentil (Lens culinaris M.) for salt tolerance. Seeds of 12 Lentil accessions were grown at laboratory (Petri dish) condition with different levels of salinity (0, 2, 4, and 8 dSm-1 NaCl) for 4 weeks. The experimental design was completely randomized design (CRD) in factorial combination with three replications. Data analysis was carried out using SAS software. Average germination time, germination percentage, seedling shoot and root traits, seedling shoot and root weight were evaluated. The two way ANOVA for varieties revealed statistically significant variation among lentil accession, NaCl level and their interactions (p<0.001) with respect to the entire parameters. It was found that salt stress significantly delays germination rate and decreases germination percentage, shoot and root length, seedling shoot and root weight of lentil accessions. The degree of decrement varied with accessions and salinity levels. Accessions 36120, 9235 and 36004 were better salt tolerant than the other accessions. As the result, it is recommended to be used as a genetic resource for the development of lentil accession and other very salt sensitive crop with improved germination under salt stress condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accession" title="accession">accession</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germination" title=" germination"> germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lentil" title=" lentil"> lentil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NaCl" title=" NaCl"> NaCl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screening" title=" screening"> screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seedling%20stage" title=" seedling stage"> seedling stage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29040/screening-some-accessions-of-lentil-lens-culinaris-m-for-salt-tolerance-at-germination-and-early-seedling-stage-in-eastern-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Variation in Maternal Mortality in Sidama National Regional State, Southern Ethiopia: A Population Based Cross Sectional Household Survey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aschenaki%20Zerihun%20Kea">Aschenaki Zerihun Kea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernt%20Lindtjorn"> Bernt Lindtjorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Achamyelesh%20Gebretsadik"> Achamyelesh Gebretsadik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sven%20Gudmund%20Hinderaker"> Sven Gudmund Hinderaker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Maternal mortality studies conducted at the national level do not provide the information needed for planning and monitoring health programs at lower administrative levels. The aim of this study was to measure maternal mortality, identify risk factors and district-level variations in Sidama National Regional State, southern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional population-based survey was carried out in households where women reported pregnancy and birth outcomes in the past five years. The study was conducted in the Sidama National Regional State, southern Ethiopia, from July 2019 to May 2020. Multi-stage cluster sampling technique was employed. The outcome variable of the study was maternal mortality. Complex sample logistic regression analysis was applied to assess variables independently associated with maternal mortality. Results: We registered 10602 live births (LB) and 48 maternal deaths, yielding an overall maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 419; 95% CI: 260-577 per 100,000 LB. Aroresa district had the highest MMR with 1142 (95% CI: 693-1591) per 100,000 LB. Leading causes of death were haemorrhage 21 (41%) and eclampsia 10 (27%). Thirty (59%) mothers died during labour, or within 24 hours after delivery, 25 (47%) died at home and 17 (38%) at a health facility. Mothers who did not have formal education had a higher risk of maternal death (AOR: 4.4; 95% CI: 1.7 – 11.0). The risk of maternal death was higher in districts with a low midwife-to-population ratio (AOR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.0-8.9). Conclusion: The high maternal mortality with district-level variations in Sidama Region highlights the importance of improving obstetric care and employing targeted interventions in areas with high mortality rates. Due attention should be given to improving access to female education. Additional midwives have to be trained and deployed to improve maternal health services and consequently save the lives of mothers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20mortality%20variation" title="maternal mortality variation">maternal mortality variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20death" title=" maternal death"> maternal death</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidama" title=" Sidama"> Sidama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia"> Ethiopia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161980/variation-in-maternal-mortality-in-sidama-national-regional-state-southern-ethiopia-a-population-based-cross-sectional-household-survey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> The Application of AI in Developing Assistive Technologies for Non-Verbal Individuals with Autism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferah%20Tesfaye%20Admasu">Ferah Tesfaye Admasu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often presents significant communication challenges, particularly for non-verbal individuals who struggle to express their needs and emotions effectively. Assistive technologies (AT) have emerged as vital tools in enhancing communication abilities for this population. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) hold the potential to revolutionize the design and functionality of these technologies. This study explores the application of AI in developing intelligent, adaptive, and user-centered assistive technologies for non-verbal individuals with autism. Through a review of current AI-driven tools, including speech-generating devices, predictive text systems, and emotion-recognition software, this research investigates how AI can bridge communication gaps, improve engagement, and support independence. Machine learning algorithms, natural language processing (NLP), and facial recognition technologies are examined as core components in creating more personalized and responsive communication aids. The study also discusses the challenges and ethical considerations involved in deploying AI-based AT, such as data privacy and the risk of over-reliance on technology. Findings suggest that integrating AI into assistive technologies can significantly enhance the quality of life for non-verbal individuals with autism, providing them with greater opportunities for social interaction and participation in daily activities. However, continued research and development are needed to ensure these technologies are accessible, affordable, and culturally sensitive. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism%20spectrum%20disorder" title=" autism spectrum disorder"> autism spectrum disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-verbal%20communication" title=" non-verbal communication"> non-verbal communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assistive%20technology" title=" assistive technology"> assistive technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192336/the-application-of-ai-in-developing-assistive-technologies-for-non-verbal-individuals-with-autism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">28</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Effects of Drying Method and Seed Priming Duration on Coffee Seed and Seedling Quality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taju%20Mohammednur">Taju Mohammednur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesfaye%20Megersa"> Tesfaye Megersa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karta%20Kaske"> Karta Kaske</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coffee is an economically important cash crop in Ethiopia. However, the conditions under which coffee seeds are dried and processed significantly affect the seedling quality and productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-sowing treatments and drying methods on the physiological quality of coffee seeds and seedlings. The study included two coffee varieties (74110, 75227), two drying conditions (under-shade drying room, open sun), and five durations of seed hydro priming (6, 8, 18, 24 hours, and an untreated control). Factorial combinations of the three factors were laid out in a Completely Randomized Design of three replications. Results indicated that the highest germination percentage (91%), emergence rate (90%), and seedling vigor index-I (2236 cm %) were recorded for seeds dried under-shade drying room. In contrast, the lowest values of germination percentage, emergence rate, and vigor index were observed for seeds dried under open sun. There was a significant difference in seed germination based on hydro priming time, with the highest germination percentage (83%) recorded for seeds soaked for 6 hours, followed by 24 hours (83%). The lowest germination percentage (77%) was recorded for un-soaked seeds. In conclusion, drying seeds under shade is better for coffee seed quality, and hydro priming has improved seedling vigor. However, further investigation into seed priming methods and preservation techniques for primed seeds is necessary to improve coffee seed quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coffee" title="coffee">coffee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germination" title=" germination"> germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20drying" title=" seed drying"> seed drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20longevity" title=" seed longevity"> seed longevity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20priming" title=" seed priming"> seed priming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191107/effects-of-drying-method-and-seed-priming-duration-on-coffee-seed-and-seedling-quality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">35</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Ecosystem Carbon Stocks Vary in Reference to the Models Used, Socioecological Factors and Agroforestry Practices in Central Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gadisa%20Demie">Gadisa Demie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mesele%20Negash"> Mesele Negash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zerihun%20Asrat"> Zerihun Asrat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lojka%20Bohdan"> Lojka Bohdan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics have led to significant carbon (C) emissions. Agroforestry (AF) is a suitable land-use option for tackling such declines in ecosystem services, including climate change mitigation. However, it is unclear how biomass models, AF practices, and socio-ecological factors determine these roles, which hinders the implementation of climate change mitigation initiatives. This study aimed to estimate the ecosystem C stocks of the studied AF practices in relation to socio-ecological variables in central Ethiopia. Out of 243 AF farms inventoried, 108 were chosen at random from three AF practices to estimate their biomass and soil organic carbon. A total of 432 soil samples were collected from 0–30 and 30–60 cm soil depths; 216 samples were taken for each soil organic carbon fraction (%C) and bulk density computation. The study found that the currently developed allometric equations were the most accurate to estimate biomass C for trees growing in the landscape when compared to previous models. The study found higher overall biomass C in woodlots (165.62 Mg ha-¹) than in homegardens (134.07 Mg ha-¹) and parklands (19.98 Mg ha-¹). Conversely, overall, SOC was higher for homegardens (143.88 Mg ha-¹), but lower for parklands (53.42 Mg ha-¹). The ecosystem C stock was comparable between homegardens (277.95 Mg ha-¹) and woodlots (275.44 Mg ha-¹). The study found that elevation, wealthy levels, AF farm age, and size have a positive and significant (P < 0.05) effect on overall biomass and ecosystem C stocks but non-significant with slope (P > 0.05). Similarly, SOC increased with increasing elevation, AF farm age, and wealthy status but decreased with slope and non-significant with AF farm size. The study also showed that species diversity had a positive (P <0.05) effect on overall biomass C stocks in homegardens. The overall study highlights that AF practices have a great potential to lock up more carbon in biomass and soils; however, these potentials were determined by socioecological variables. Thus, these factors should be considered in management strategies that preserve trees in agricultural landscapes in order to mitigate climate change and support the livelihoods of farmers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20landscape" title="agricultural landscape">agricultural landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20organic%20carbon" title=" soil organic carbon"> soil organic carbon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182337/ecosystem-carbon-stocks-vary-in-reference-to-the-models-used-socioecological-factors-and-agroforestry-practices-in-central-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Comparison of Sign Language Skill and Academic Achievement of Deaf Students in Special and Inclusive Primary Schools of South Nation Nationalities People Region, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesfaye%20Basha">Tesfaye Basha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to examine the sign language and academic achievement of deaf students in special and inclusive primary schools of Southern Ethiopia. The study used a mixed-method to collect varied data. The study contained Signed Amharic and English skill tasks, questionnaire, 8th-grade Primary School Leaving Certificate Examination results, classroom observation, and interviews. For quantitative (n=70) deaf students and for qualitative data collection, 16 participants were involved. The finding revealed that the limitation of sign language is a problem in signing and academic achievements. This displays that schools are not linguistically rich to enable sign language achievement for deaf students. Moreover, the finding revealed that the contribution of Total Communication in the growth of natural sign language for deaf students was unsatisfactory. The results also indicated that special schools of deaf students performed better sign language skills and academic achievement than inclusive schools. In addition, the findings revealed that high signed skill group showed higher academic achievement than the low skill group. This displayed that sign language skill is highly associated with academic achievement. In addition, to qualify deaf students in sign language and academics, teacher institutions must produce competent teachers on how to teach deaf students with sign language and literacy skills. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20achievement" title="academic achievement">academic achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive%20school" title=" inclusive school"> inclusive school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sign%20language" title=" sign language"> sign language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signed%20Amharic" title=" signed Amharic"> signed Amharic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signed%20English" title=" signed English"> signed English</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20school" title=" special school"> special school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20communication" title=" total communication"> total communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130014/comparison-of-sign-language-skill-and-academic-achievement-of-deaf-students-in-special-and-inclusive-primary-schools-of-south-nation-nationalities-people-region-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130014.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> A Review on Valorisation of Chicken Feathers: Current Status and Future Prospects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamrat%20Tesfaye">Tamrat Tesfaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruce%20Sithole"> Bruce Sithole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deresh%20Ramjugernath"> Deresh Ramjugernath</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Worldwide, the poultry–processing industry generates large quantities of feather by-products that amount to 40 billion kilograms annually. The feathers are considered wastes although small amounts are often processed into valuable products such as feather meal and fertilizers. The remaining waste is disposed of by incineration or by burial in controlled landfills. Improper disposal of these biological wastes contributes to environmental damage and transmission of diseases. Economic pressures, environmental pressures, increasing interest in using renewable and sustainable raw materials, and the need to decrease reliance on non-renewable petroleum resources behove the industry to find better ways of dealing with waste feathers. A closer look at the structure and composition of feathers shows that the whole part of a chicken feather (rachis and barb) can be used as a source of a pure structural protein called keratin which can be exploited for conversion into a number of high-value bio products. Additionally, a number of technologies can be used to convert other biological components of feathers into high value added products. Thus, conversion of the waste into valuable products can make feathers an attractive raw material for the production of bio products. In this review, possible applications of chicken feathers in a variety of technologies and products are discussed. Thus, using waste feathers as a valuable resource can help the poultry industry to dispose of the waste feathers in an environmentally sustainable manner that also generates extra income for the industry. Their valorisation can result in their sustainable conversion into high-value materials and products on the proviso of existence or development of cost-effective technologies for converting this waste into the useful products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradable%20product" title="biodegradable product">biodegradable product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=keratin" title=" keratin"> keratin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poultry%20waste" title=" poultry waste"> poultry waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feathers" title=" feathers"> feathers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valorisation" title=" valorisation"> valorisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45685/a-review-on-valorisation-of-chicken-feathers-current-status-and-future-prospects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zerihun%20Tesfaye%20Nigusse&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zerihun%20Tesfaye%20Nigusse&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About 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