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Kinshasa - Wikipedia

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vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia_fisica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia_fisica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografia fisica</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografia_fisica-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Geografia fisica</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografia_fisica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Territorio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Territorio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Clima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Geologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Storia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Storia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-colonizazione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-colonizazione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pre-colonizazione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-colonizazione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonizazione_Europea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonizazione_Europea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Colonizazione Europea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonizazione_Europea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indipendenza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indipendenza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Indipendenza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indipendenza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Cultura</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia_antropica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia_antropica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geografia antropica</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografia_antropica-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Geografia antropica</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografia_antropica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suddivisioni_amministrative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suddivisioni_amministrative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Suddivisioni amministrative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suddivisioni_amministrative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kinshasa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un&#039;altra lingua. Disponibile in 175 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-175" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">175 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Киншаса - abcaso" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Киншаса" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abcaso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AA%E1%8A%95%E1%88%BB%E1%88%B3" title="ኪንሻሳ - amarico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኪንሻሳ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="كينشاسا - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كينشاسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="كينشاسا - arabo marocchino" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كينشاسا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabo marocchino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="كينشاسا - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كينشاسا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinxasa" title="Kinxasa - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kinxasa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%9Fasa" title="Kinşasa - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kinşasa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="کینشاسا - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کینشاسا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Киншаса - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Киншаса" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%A1asa" title="Kinšasa - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kinšasa" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Кіншаса - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кіншаса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Кіншаса - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кіншаса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinsasa" title="Kinsasa - betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kinsasa" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Киншаса - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Киншаса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE" title="কিনশাসা - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কিনশাসা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀིན་ཤ་ས། - tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀིན་ཤ་ས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Киншаса - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Киншаса" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Киншаса - ceceno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Киншаса" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ceceno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa_(ulohang_dakbayan)" title="Kinshasa (ulohang dakbayan) - cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kinshasa (ulohang dakbayan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="کینشاسا - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کینشاسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - corso" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%9Fasa" title="Kinşasa - turco crimeo" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kinşasa" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turco crimeo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%9Fasa" title="Kinşasa - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kinşasa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="किन्शासा - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="किन्शासा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Κινσάσα - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κινσάσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%9Daso" title="Kinŝaso - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kinŝaso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinsasa" title="Kinsasa - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kinsasa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="کینشاسا - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کینشاسا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinsjasa" title="Kinsjasa - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kinsjasa" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%A9s%C3%A1sa" title="Kĩsása - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kĩsása" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%94" title="קינשאסה - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קינשאסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="किन्शासा - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="किन्शासा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - alto sorabo" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alto sorabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinchasa" title="Kinchasa - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kinchasa" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1" title="Կինշասա - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կինշասա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Киншаса - ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Киншаса" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinsasa" title="Kinsasa - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kinsasa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%82%B5" title="キンシャサ - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キンシャサ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90" title="კინშასა - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კინშასა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kincasa" title="Kincasa - cabilo" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Kincasa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinsasa" title="Kinsasa - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kinsasa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kins%C3%A2sa" title="Kinsâsa - kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kinsâsa" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Киншаса - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Киншаса" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6" title="គីនសាសា - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="គីនសាសា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%A8%EC%83%A4%EC%82%AC" title="킨샤사 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="킨샤사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AEn%C5%9Fasa" title="Kînşasa - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kînşasa" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - cornico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Киншаса - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Киншаса" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Киншаса - lesgo" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Киншаса" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kins%C3%A1s%C3%A1" title="Kinsásá - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kinsásá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%A1asa" title="Kinšasa - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kinšasa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%A1asa" title="Kinšasa - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kinšasa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Киншаса - moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Киншаса" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Киншаса - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Киншаса" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - menangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="menangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Киншаса - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Киншаса" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B8" title="കിൻഷസ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കിൻഷസ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯀꯤꯟꯁꯥꯁꯥ - manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯤꯟꯁꯥꯁꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="किन्शासा - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="किन्शासा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Киншаса - mari occidentale" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Киншаса" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ကင်ရှာဆာမြို့ - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကင်ရှာဆာမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="کینشاسا - mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کینشاسا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tee%C5%82tah_Hahazteel_(Naakaii_%C5%81izhin%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah)" title="Teełtah Hahazteel (Naakaii Łizhiní Bikéyah) - navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Teełtah Hahazteel (Naakaii Łizhiní Bikéyah)" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%A1asa" title="Kinšasa - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kinšasa" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%C3%A6" title="Киншасæ - ossetico" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Киншасæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕਿਨਸ਼ਾਸਾ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਿਨਸ਼ਾਸਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinszasa" title="Kinszasa - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kinszasa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="کنشاسا - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کنشاسا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="کینشاسا - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کینشاسا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinxassa" title="Quinxassa - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quinxassa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Киншаса - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Киншаса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Кіншаса - ruteno" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кіншаса" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruteno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Киншаса - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Киншаса" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱠᱤᱱᱥᱟᱥᱟ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱤᱱᱥᱟᱥᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ڪنشاسا - sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪنشاسا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%A1asa" title="Kinšasa - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kinšasa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - sami di Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami di Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - somalo" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Киншаса - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Киншаса" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinszasa" title="Kinszasa - slesiano" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kinszasa" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="slesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE" title="கின்சாசா - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கின்சாசா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Киншаса - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Киншаса" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2" title="กินชาซา - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กินชาซา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%9Fasa" title="Kinşasa - turcomanno" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kinşasa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcomanno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%A1as%C9%99" title="Kinšasə - taliscio" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kinšasə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="taliscio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%9Fasa" title="Kinşasa - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kinşasa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%9Fasa" title="Kinşasa - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Kinşasa" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Киншаса - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Киншаса" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%89%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="كىنشاسا - uiguro" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كىنشاسا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Кіншаса - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кіншаса" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="کنشاسا - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کنشاسا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%A1as" title="Kinšas - vepso" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kinšas" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinchassa" title="Kinchassa - vallone" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Kinchassa" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%B2%99%E8%96%A9" title="金沙薩 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="金沙薩" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90" title="კინშასა - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კინშასა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A2" title="קינשאזע - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קינשאזע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%A4%8F%E6%B2%99" title="金夏沙 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="金夏沙" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%B2%99%E8%96%A9" title="金沙薩 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="金沙薩" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Kinshasa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3838#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Kinshasa" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="/wiki/Kinshasa"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Kinshasa" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Kinshasa" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche 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class="fn org">Kinshasa</span>)</span></span></span></span></div></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l&#039;enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C2FF91;color: black;">Kinshasa<br /><span class="sinottico_sottotitolo"><a href="/wiki/Citt%C3%A0_della_Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo" title="Città della Repubblica Democratica del Congo">città-provincia</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) Kinshasa </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><div style="display:grid; grid-auto-flow:column; gap:.2em .4em; margin:0 auto; max-width:255px; align-items:center; justify-content:space-evenly;"> <div style="grid-area:1;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Kinshasa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kinshasa – Stemma"><img alt="Kinshasa – Stemma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Coat_of_arms_of_Kinshasa.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kinshasa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Coat_of_arms_of_Kinshasa.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kinshasa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Coat_of_arms_of_Kinshasa.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kinshasa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="629" /></a></span></div> <div style="grid-area:1;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kinshasa,_DRC.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kinshasa – Bandiera"><img alt="Kinshasa – Bandiera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Kinshasa%2C_DRC.svg/125px-Flag_of_Kinshasa%2C_DRC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Kinshasa%2C_DRC.svg/188px-Flag_of_Kinshasa%2C_DRC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Kinshasa%2C_DRC.svg/250px-Flag_of_Kinshasa%2C_DRC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div> </div> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kinshasa_downtown.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kinshasa – Veduta"><img alt="Kinshasa – Veduta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Kinshasa_downtown.jpg/260px-Kinshasa_downtown.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Kinshasa_downtown.jpg/390px-Kinshasa_downtown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Kinshasa_downtown.jpg/520px-Kinshasa_downtown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="407" /></a><figcaption>Kinshasa – Veduta</figcaption></figure>Centro città. </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C2FF91;color: black;">Localizzazione</th></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Stato" title="Stato">Stato</a></th><td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="RD del Congo (bandiera)"><img alt="RD del Congo (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo" title="Repubblica Democratica del Congo">RD del Congo</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C2FF91;color: black;">Amministrazione</th></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Capoluogo" title="Capoluogo">Capoluogo</a></th><td>Kinshasa </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;">Amministratore locale</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gentiny_Ngobila_Mbaka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gentiny Ngobila Mbaka (la pagina non esiste)">Gentiny Ngobila Mbaka</a><small></small> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C2FF91;color: black;">Territorio</th></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Coordinate_geografiche" title="Coordinate geografiche">Coordinate</a><br /><small>del capoluogo</small></th><td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139486644">body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output #coordinates{font-size:85%;line-height:1.5em;white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Speciale:Map/5/-4.322/15.321/it" data-zoom="5" data-lat="-4.322" data-lon="15.321" data-overlays="[&quot;_d41cf9379e43f7446980898884f627fd4c52f819&quot;]">4°19′19.2″S 15°19′15.6″E</a><span class="vcard"><span class="geo" style="display:none"><span class="latitude">4°19′19.2″S</span>, <span class="longitude">15°19′15.6″E</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Kinshasa</span>)</span></span></span> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Altitudine" title="Altitudine">Altitudine</a></th><td>240&#160;<a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">m</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Livello_del_mare" title="Livello del mare">s.l.m.</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">Superficie</a></th><td>9&#160;965 <a href="/wiki/Chilometro_quadrato" title="Chilometro quadrato">km²</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Popolazione" title="Popolazione">Abitanti</a></th><td>17&#160;855&#160;000&#32;<small>(2017)</small> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A0_di_popolazione" title="Densità di popolazione">Densità</a></th><td>1&#160;791,77 ab./<a href="/wiki/Chilometro_quadrato" title="Chilometro quadrato">km²</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C2FF91;color: black;">Altre informazioni</th></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;">Lingue</th><td><a href="/wiki/Lingua_lingala" title="Lingua lingala">lingala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese">francese</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Prefisso_telefonico" title="Prefisso telefonico">Prefisso</a></th><td>0987- </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Fuso_orario" title="Fuso orario">Fuso orario</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">ISO 3166-2</a></th><td>CD-KN </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;">Soprannome</th><td>Kin la belle (Kin la bella) </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C2FF91;color: black;">Cartografia</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_(26_provinces)_-_Kinshasa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kinshasa – Localizzazione"><img alt="Kinshasa – Localizzazione" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_%2826_provinces%29_-_Kinshasa.svg/260px-Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_%2826_provinces%29_-_Kinshasa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_%2826_provinces%29_-_Kinshasa.svg/390px-Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_%2826_provinces%29_-_Kinshasa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_%2826_provinces%29_-_Kinshasa.svg/520px-Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_%2826_provinces%29_-_Kinshasa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1181" /></a><figcaption>Kinshasa – Localizzazione</figcaption></figure> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C2FF91;color: black;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinshasa.cd">Sito istituzionale</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3838" class="extiw" title="d:Q3838"><span title="Modifica i dati della voce Kinshasa su Wikidata">Modifica dati su Wikidata</span></a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Divisione_amministrativa/man" title="Template:Divisione amministrativa/man"><span title="Manuale del template Divisione amministrativa">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kinshasa</b> (in&#160;<a href="/wiki/Lingua_lingala" title="Lingua lingala">lingala</a> <span dir="ltr" lang="ln"><i>Kinsásá</i></span>; fino al 30 giugno <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a> <i>Léopoldville</i>) è la <a href="/wiki/Capitale_(citt%C3%A0)" title="Capitale (città)">capitale</a> e la maggiore città della <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo" title="Repubblica Democratica del Congo">Repubblica Democratica del Congo</a>. La sua area metropolitana è la terza più grande dell'<a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> con più di 17.000.000 di abitanti, dopo quelle de <a href="/wiki/Il_Cairo" title="Il Cairo">Il Cairo</a> e di <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a>. Nell'ordinamento amministrativo del paese, Kinshasa è sia una città sia una <a href="/wiki/Province_della_Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo" title="Province della Repubblica Democratica del Congo">provincia</a> (in modo analogo a <a href="/wiki/Parigi" title="Parigi">Parigi</a> nell'ordinamento <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">francese</a>, che è sia una città sia un <a href="/wiki/Dipartimenti_della_Francia" title="Dipartimenti della Francia">dipartimento</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Kinshasa è la prima città di <a href="/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese">lingua francese</a> al mondo per popolazione, davanti a Parigi e <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal">Montréal</a>. Kinshasa è molto vicina a <a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a>, capitale della <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_del_Congo" title="Repubblica del Congo">Repubblica del Congo</a>: le separa solo il <a href="/wiki/Congo_(fiume)" title="Congo (fiume)">fiume Congo</a>, il che le <a href="/wiki/Confine_tra_la_Repubblica_del_Congo_e_la_Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo" title="Confine tra la Repubblica del Congo e la Repubblica Democratica del Congo">rende le due capitali più vicine del mondo</a>, dopo <a href="/wiki/Confine_tra_la_Citt%C3%A0_del_Vaticano_e_l%27Italia" title="Confine tra la Città del Vaticano e l&#39;Italia">Roma e Città del Vaticano</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia_fisica">Geografia fisica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Geografia fisica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Geografia fisica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territorio">Territorio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Territorio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Territorio"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kinshasa_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Kinshasa_2003.jpg/220px-Kinshasa_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Kinshasa_2003.jpg/330px-Kinshasa_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Kinshasa_2003.jpg/440px-Kinshasa_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Il centro della città nel 2003</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boulevard_du_30_juin,_Kinshasa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Boulevard_du_30_juin%2C_Kinshasa.jpg/220px-Boulevard_du_30_juin%2C_Kinshasa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Boulevard_du_30_juin%2C_Kinshasa.jpg/330px-Boulevard_du_30_juin%2C_Kinshasa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Boulevard_du_30_juin%2C_Kinshasa.jpg/440px-Boulevard_du_30_juin%2C_Kinshasa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Il centro della città</figcaption></figure> <p>Kinshasa è situata a 280 m <a href="/wiki/S.l.m." class="mw-redirect" title="S.l.m.">s.l.m.</a>, sulla riva sinistra del <a href="/wiki/Fiume_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiume Congo">fiume Congo</a>, in corrispondenza alla sponda meridionale dell'ampio bacino della <a href="/wiki/Malebo" title="Malebo">palude di Malebo</a>, e posta alle <a href="/wiki/Coordinate_geografiche" title="Coordinate geografiche">coordinate</a> 4 19' 30" Sud 15 19' 20" Est. È fiancheggiata a est dalle province di <a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Mai-Ndombe" title="Provincia di Mai-Ndombe">Mai-Ndombe</a>, Kwilu e Kwango, mentre il fiume Congo ne delinea i confini occidentali e settentrionali, delimitando naturalmente il confine con la <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_del_Congo" title="Repubblica del Congo">Repubblica del Congo</a>. A sud, il territorio è delimitato dalla <a href="/wiki/Provincia_del_Congo_Centrale" title="Provincia del Congo Centrale">Provincia del Congo Centrale</a>. </p><p>Il fiume Congo fornisce un mezzo di trasporto per gran parte del suo bacino fluviale: è navigabile per le chiatte fluviali tra Kinshasa e <a href="/wiki/Kisangani" title="Kisangani">Kisangani</a>; anche molti dei suoi affluenti sono navigabili. Il fiume è un'importante fonte di energia idroelettrica e a valle di Kinshasa ha il potenziale per generare energia equivalente all'utilizzo di circa metà della popolazione africana. </p><p>La città-provincia si estende su una superficie di 9965&#160;km² ed è costituita da un grande altopiano (altopiano di Kwango), da una catena di colline (monti Ngaliema, Amba, Ngafula), da terreni pianeggianti del promontorio di Gombe e dalle zone umide ai margini della <a href="/wiki/Palude_di_Malebo" class="mw-redirect" title="Palude di Malebo">Palude di Malebo</a> (situata 15&#160;km a sud e precedentemente nota come <i>Stanley Pool</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clima">Clima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Clima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Clima"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperature</a> medie annuali dell'area geografica in questione sono elevate su valori di 27&#160;°C (media tra le minime e le massime). In alcuni rari periodi le minime scendono appena sotto i 20&#160;°C permettendo un po' di refrigerio. Seppur con ancor minore frequenza anche nella stessa metropoli congolese si possono avere notti più fresche, comunque un'irrisoria percentuale durante tutto un anno. </p><p>Presenta un <a href="/wiki/Clima" title="Clima">clima</a> quasi tipicamente <a href="/wiki/Clima_equatoriale" title="Clima equatoriale">equatoriale</a> con solamente valori di accumulo pluviometrico più bassi rispetto alle zone strettamente equatoriali e un periodo di stagione secca, quest'ultima dovuta in primis alla relativa lontananza dell'<a href="/wiki/Oceano_Atlantico" title="Oceano Atlantico">oceano Atlantico</a> (400–450&#160;km in linea d'aria), dispensatore di <a href="/wiki/Umidit%C3%A0" title="Umidità">umidità</a>. </p> <div style="overflow-x:auto"><table class="wikitable" style="margin-top:.5em; margin-bottom:.5em; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><th rowspan="2" style="border-right-width: 2px;">KINSHASA<sup id="cite_ref-it.climate-data.org_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-it.climate-data.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></th><th colspan="12"> <a href="/wiki/Mese" title="Mese">Mesi</a> </th><th colspan="4" style="border-left-width: 2px;"> <a href="/wiki/Stagione" title="Stagione">Stagioni</a> </th><th rowspan="2" style="border-left-width: 2px;"> <a href="/wiki/Anno" title="Anno">Anno</a> </th></tr><tr><th> <a href="/wiki/Gennaio" title="Gennaio">Gen</a> </th><th> <a href="/wiki/Febbraio" title="Febbraio">Feb</a> </th><th> <a href="/wiki/Marzo" title="Marzo">Mar</a> </th><th> <a href="/wiki/Aprile" title="Aprile">Apr</a> </th><th> <a href="/wiki/Maggio" title="Maggio">Mag</a> </th><th> <a href="/wiki/Giugno" title="Giugno">Giu</a> </th><th> <a href="/wiki/Luglio" title="Luglio">Lug</a> </th><th> <a href="/wiki/Agosto" title="Agosto">Ago</a> </th><th> <a href="/wiki/Settembre" title="Settembre">Set</a> </th><th> <a href="/wiki/Ottobre" title="Ottobre">Ott</a> </th><th> <a href="/wiki/Novembre" title="Novembre">Nov</a> </th><th> <a href="/wiki/Dicembre" title="Dicembre">Dic</a> </th><th style="border-left-width: 2px;"><a href="/wiki/Inverno" title="Inverno">Inv</a></th><th><a href="/wiki/Primavera" title="Primavera">Pri</a></th><th><a href="/wiki/Estate" title="Estate">Est</a></th><th> <a href="/wiki/Autunno" title="Autunno">Aut</a> </th></tr><tr><th style="border-right-width: 2px"> <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">T. max. media</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grado_Celsius" title="Grado Celsius">°C</a>) </th><td style="background:#F8822A;">30,6</td><td style="background:#F8822A;">31,3</td><td style="background:#F97725;">32,0</td><td style="background:#F97725;">32,0</td><td style="background:#F8822A;">31,1</td><td style="background:#F79934;">28,8</td><td style="background:#F6AF3D;">27,3</td><td style="background:#F79934;">28,9</td><td style="background:#F8822A;">30,6</td><td style="background:#F8822A;">31,1</td><td style="background:#F8822A;">30,6</td><td style="background:#F88E2F;">30,1</td><td title="media" style="border-left-width: 2px; background:#F8822A;"><b>30,7</b></td><td title="media" style="border-left-width: 2px; background:#F97725;"><b>31,7</b></td><td title="media" style="border-left-width: 2px; background:#F6A438;"><b>28,3</b></td><td title="media" style="border-left-width: 2px; background:#F8822A;"><b>30,8</b></td><td title="media" style="border-left-width: 2px; background:#F88E2F;"><b>30,4</b></td></tr><tr><th style="border-right-width: 2px"> <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">T. min. media</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grado_Celsius" title="Grado Celsius">°C</a>) </th><td style="background:#F2F25A;">21,2</td><td style="background:#F2E655;">21,6</td><td style="background:#F2E655;">21,6</td><td style="background:#F2E655;">21,8</td><td style="background:#F2E655;">21,6</td><td style="background:#F0F06B;">19,3</td><td style="background:#F0F074;">17,7</td><td style="background:#F0F06B;">18,5</td><td style="background:#F1F162;">20,2</td><td style="background:#F2F25A;">21,3</td><td style="background:#F2E655;">21,5</td><td style="background:#F2F25A;">21,2</td><td title="media" style="border-left-width: 2px; background:#F2F25A;"><b>21,3</b></td><td title="media" style="border-left-width: 2px; background:#F2E655;"><b>21,7</b></td><td title="media" style="border-left-width: 2px; background:#F0F06B;"><b>18,5</b></td><td title="media" style="border-left-width: 2px; background:#F2F25A;"><b>21,0</b></td><td title="media" style="border-left-width: 2px; background:#F2F25A;"><b>20,6</b></td></tr><tr><th style="border-right-width: 2px"> <a href="/wiki/Precipitazione_(meteorologia)" title="Precipitazione (meteorologia)">Precipitazioni</a> (<a href="/wiki/Metro#Multipli_e_sottomultipli" title="Metro">mm</a>) </th><td style="background:#B0B0FF;">146</td><td style="background:#BBBBFF;">125</td><td style="background:#A0A0FF;">177</td><td style="background:#9393FF;">200</td><td style="background:#BBBBFF;">125</td><td style="background:#FBFBFF;">6</td><td style="background:#FDFDFF;">2</td><td style="background:#FDFDFF;">3</td><td style="background:#ECECFF;">35</td><td style="background:#B9B9FF;">129</td><td style="background:#7979FF;">249</td><td style="background:#A3A3FF;">171</td><td title="totale" style="border-left-width: 2px; background:#B0B0FF;"><b>442</b></td><td title="totale" style="border-left-width: 2px; background:#A5A5FF;"><b>502</b></td><td title="totale" style="border-left-width: 2px; background:#FCFCFF;"><b>11</b></td><td title="totale" style="border-left-width: 2px; background:#B4B4FF;"><b>413</b></td><td title="totale" style="border-left-width: 2px; background:#C1C1FF;"><b>1&#160;368</b></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geologia">Geologia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Geologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Geologia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dal punto di vista geologico, il suolo di Kinshasa appartiene alla categoria dell'Arenoferrasol<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, caratterizzato da sabbie fini con un contenuto di <a href="/wiki/Argilla" title="Argilla">argilla</a> tipicamente inferiore al 20%, scarsa materia organica e saturazione di complessi assorbenti. Il basamento è composto da <a href="/wiki/Precambriano" title="Precambriano">rocce precambriane</a>, caratterizzate da <a href="/wiki/Arenaria" title="Arenaria">arenaria</a> rossa finemente stratificata e spesso infusa di feldspato<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Questa roccia è visibile alla base delle rapide vicino al <a href="/wiki/Monte_Stanley" title="Monte Stanley">Monte Ngaliema</a> e a sud del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fiume_N%27djili&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiume N&#39;djili (la pagina non esiste)">fiume N'djili</a>, e resiste efficacemente alle forze erosive<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-colonizazione">Pre-colonizazione</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Pre-colonizazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Pre-colonizazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le tracce dell'occupazione umana in Africa centrale risalgono alle popolazioni <a href="/wiki/Pigmei" title="Pigmei">pigmee</a> di decine di migliaia di anni fa. Più tardi, nel 1° millennio a.C., i popoli <a href="/wiki/Civilt%C3%A0_bantu" title="Civiltà bantu">bantu</a> si insediarono nella regione del medio e basso Congo, precedentemente occupata esclusivamente dai pigmei. Tribù e popoli diversi costituirono la nuova popolazione. Presso lo stagno di Malebo, i <a href="/wiki/Teke" title="Teke">Teke</a> (conosciuti anche come Tio o Bateke) popolavano la riva destra (nord) del fiume, mentre la riva sinistra (sud) era popolata da popoli assimilati ai Tio, <a href="/wiki/Humbu" title="Humbu">Humbu</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mfinu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mfinu (la pagina non esiste)">Mfinu</a>. La regione fu vittima della schiavitù e protagonista del commercio dell'<a href="/wiki/Avorio" title="Avorio">avorio</a>, che arricchì il popolo Teke, che poi divenne il regno. </p><p>Prima della fondazione di Kinshasa, l'area fece per un certo periodo parte del <a href="/wiki/Regno_di_Anziku" title="Regno di Anziku">Regno di Anziku</a>. Intorno al <a href="/wiki/1698" title="1698">1698</a>, era diventata un dominio essenzialmente indipendente, noto come Nkonkobela<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>A partire dal <a href="/wiki/XVI_secolo" title="XVI secolo">XVI</a> o <a href="/wiki/XVII_secolo" title="XVII secolo">XVII secolo</a>, la regione divenne un punto di snodo tra il bacino del fiume e le regioni costiere. I prodotti provenienti dalle <a href="/wiki/America" title="America">Americhe</a> venivano portati all'interno del continente attraverso il commercio e gli schiavi (spesso quelli sconfitti in vari conflitti) partivano per <a href="/wiki/Loango" title="Loango">Loango</a>, alla foce del fiume e a sud del <a href="/wiki/Regno_del_Congo" title="Regno del Congo">regno Kongo</a>. I <a href="/wiki/Bobangis" title="Bobangis">Bobangis</a>, talvolta conosciuti come <i>Bangala</i> (popolo del fiume), gestivano la maggior parte del commercio con la regione equatoriale, navigando il fiume e i suoi affluenti fino ai villaggi Teke. Nel corso del <a href="/wiki/XVIII_secolo" title="XVIII secolo">XVIII</a> e <a href="/wiki/XIX_secolo" title="XIX secolo">XIX secolo</a>, i pescatori e soprattutto i commercianti Teke del nord crearono mercati e villaggi coloniali a sud della Palude di Malebo e sull'altopiano di Batéké. Le tribù della regione, Humbu e Mfinu, erano considerate le proprietarie di questa sponda del fiume. Con il tempo, i coloni Teke hanno spinto la popolazione locale più lontano dalle rive, verso l'interno delle colline. I principali villaggi Teke sulla riva meridionale erano Nsasa, con quasi 5.000 abitanti, e Ntambo, con meno di 3.000. Lemba, tra una moltitudine di piccoli villaggi Humbu, era la capitale commerciale e politica dell'Humbus, con circa 300 abitanti. I mercati fluviali vedevano andare e venire carovane di schiavi che trasportavano olio, mandorle, palma, arachidi, sesamo e avorio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonizazione_Europea">Colonizazione Europea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Colonizazione Europea" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Colonizazione Europea"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Morton_Stanley,_1872.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Henry_Morton_Stanley%2C_1872.jpg/220px-Henry_Morton_Stanley%2C_1872.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Henry_Morton_Stanley%2C_1872.jpg/330px-Henry_Morton_Stanley%2C_1872.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Henry_Morton_Stanley%2C_1872.jpg/440px-Henry_Morton_Stanley%2C_1872.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1671" data-file-height="2289" /></a><figcaption>Henry Morton Stanley</figcaption></figure> <p>La città fu fondata da <a href="/wiki/Henry_Morton_Stanley" title="Henry Morton Stanley">Henry Morton Stanley</a>, il primo <a href="/wiki/Europeo" class="mw-disambig" title="Europeo">europeo</a> a visitare l'enclave dove oggi sorge la città. Arrivò a Ntamo il <a href="/wiki/12_marzo" title="12 marzo">12 marzo</a> <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>, nel bel mezzo del suo viaggio attraverso il <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">continente africano</a>, che prevedeva di percorrere dalla costa atlantica a <a href="/wiki/Ovest" title="Ovest">ovest</a> all'<a href="/wiki/Oceano_Indiano" title="Oceano Indiano">Oceano Indiano</a> a <a href="/wiki/Est" title="Est">est</a>. Nel 1881, firmò il “Trattato di Amicizia” con il Capo Teke Ngalyema, ottenendo così il diritto di costruire un campo a <a href="/wiki/Malebo" title="Malebo">Malebo</a>. Entro quattro mesi dal completamento della strada intorno alle <a href="/wiki/Cascate_Livingstone" title="Cascate Livingstone">Cascate Livingstone</a> e dal collegamento con il Manyanga Camp, il nuovo campo fu completato<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Si trovava nell'attuale comune di <a href="/wiki/Kintampo" title="Kintampo">Kintambo</a>, ai margini della <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baia_di_Ngaliema&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Baia di Ngaliema (la pagina non esiste)">Baia di Ngaliema</a>, tra i villaggi di Ntamo e Kinsasa. L'importanza strategica degli insediamenti era dovuta al fatto che la palude di <a href="/wiki/Malebo" title="Malebo">Malebo</a>, che separa le due città, è il punto a partire dal quale il fiume Congo diventa navigabile procedendo verso l'interno del continente. Per avere accesso a tutto il bacino del Congo, quindi, era necessario procedere via terra solo fino a Malebo, dopodiché era possibile procedere (molto più agevolmente) via fiume<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Il piccolo campo base crebbe fino a diventare una vera e propria città con il nome di Léopoldville, in onore del sovrano belga <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_II_del_Belgio" title="Leopoldo II del Belgio">Leopoldo II</a>, appena un anno dopo che il suo rivale nell'esplorazione del <a href="/wiki/Congo_(fiume)" title="Congo (fiume)">fiume Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Savorgnan_di_Brazz%C3%A0" title="Pietro Savorgnan di Brazzà">Pietro Savorgnan di Brazzà</a>, aveva fondato <a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a> sulla riva opposta del fiume. </p><p>Leopolville era il campo più grande mai costruito e aveva il vantaggio di essere situato nello stretto in cui il <a href="/wiki/Congo_(fiume)" title="Congo (fiume)">fiume Congo</a> diventa navigabile fino a 1500&#160;km a monte. Il sito, spazioso e facilmente difendibile, era già popolato da 66 villaggi prima dell'arrivo di Stanley, con una popolazione totale stimata in 30.000 abitanti. Stanley fondò anche un'altra stazione, vicino al villaggio di Kinshasa (<i>nshasa</i> significa “mercato”), in accordo con il capo Ntsuvila. Questo villaggio diede il nome all'attuale città, sviluppandosi con la crescita del villaggio di Mpumba, dove oggi si trova il quartiere degli affari. Quando Stanley tornò in Congo nel <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>, il campo era in condizioni deplorevoli e dovette essere ricostruito nell'arco di diversi mesi<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bateke_Village,_Kinshasa_-_Starr,_Frederick,_Congo_natives_-_an_ethnographic_album_(1912).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bateke_Village%2C_Kinshasa_-_Starr%2C_Frederick%2C_Congo_natives_-_an_ethnographic_album_%281912%29.png/220px-Bateke_Village%2C_Kinshasa_-_Starr%2C_Frederick%2C_Congo_natives_-_an_ethnographic_album_%281912%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bateke_Village%2C_Kinshasa_-_Starr%2C_Frederick%2C_Congo_natives_-_an_ethnographic_album_%281912%29.png/330px-Bateke_Village%2C_Kinshasa_-_Starr%2C_Frederick%2C_Congo_natives_-_an_ethnographic_album_%281912%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bateke_Village%2C_Kinshasa_-_Starr%2C_Frederick%2C_Congo_natives_-_an_ethnographic_album_%281912%29.png/440px-Bateke_Village%2C_Kinshasa_-_Starr%2C_Frederick%2C_Congo_natives_-_an_ethnographic_album_%281912%29.png 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>Villaggio Teke di Kinshasa nel <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a></figcaption></figure> <p>La città ha prosperato come primo porto fluviale navigabile sul fiume Congo: inizialmente, tutte le merci dall'interno al mare e viceversa dovevano essere trasportate da persone tra Leopoldville e la città di <a href="/wiki/Matadi" title="Matadi">Matadi</a>, un <a href="/wiki/Porto_fluviale" class="mw-redirect" title="Porto fluviale">porto fluviale</a> a valle delle rapide, a circa 150 chilometri dalla costa. Investitori e commercianti europei formarono un gruppo internazionale per costruire una ferrovia intorno alle Cascate Livingstone, che collegasse Matadi a Livingstone. La costruzione iniziò nel <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a> e la linea fu completata nel <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La sua importanza economica aumentò e la ferrovia diede un impulso definitivo alla crescita della città, che nel <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a> contava appena 10.000 abitanti. Migliaia e migliaia di africani furono trasportati come <a href="/wiki/Schiavismo" title="Schiavismo">schiavi</a> per la costruzione della ferrovia, utilizzando sotterfugi per indurre i capi locali a firmare documenti che non capivano. Molti morirono, le famiglie vennero smembrate, interi gruppi scomparvero e molti altri partirono per le nuove città in cerca di un futuro migliore, dove avrebbero trovato più miseria, mentre i costumi, le tradizioni e le diverse conoscenze venivano dimenticati<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>, la città fu elevata a capitale del Congo belga, sostituendo la città di Boma nell'estuario del Congo, in base al decreto reale del 1° luglio 1923, controfirmato dal ministro delle Colonie, Louis Franc<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. In precedenza, Léopoldville era stata designata come “distretto urbano”, comprendente esclusivamente i comuni di <a href="/wiki/Kintampo" title="Kintampo">Kintambo</a> e l'attuale <a href="/wiki/Gombe_(Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo)" title="Gombe (Repubblica Democratica del Congo)">Gombe</a>, sorto intorno alla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baia_di_Ngaliema&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Baia di Ngaliema (la pagina non esiste)">baia di Ngaliema</a>. In seguito sono sorti i comuni di Kinshasa, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barumbu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Barumbu (la pagina non esiste)">Barumbu</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingwala&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingwala (la pagina non esiste)">Lingwala</a>. Negli <a href="/wiki/Anni_1930" title="Anni 1930">anni '30</a>, questi comuni ospitavano prevalentemente dipendenti di Chanic, Filtisaf e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Utex_Africa.&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Utex Africa. (la pagina non esiste)">Utex Africa.</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quando, negli <a href="/wiki/Anni_1920" title="Anni 1920">anni venti</a>, la capitale del <a href="/wiki/Congo_belga" title="Congo belga">Congo belga</a> venne spostata da <a href="/wiki/Boma_(Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo)" title="Boma (Repubblica Democratica del Congo)">Boma</a> a Léopoldville, essa crebbe repentinamente: a metà degli <a href="/wiki/Anni_1930" title="Anni 1930">anni trenta</a> gli abitanti erano circa 40.000, 2.500 dei quali erano europei; la popolazione stimata del <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> era pari a 100.000 abitanti, e all'inizio degli <a href="/wiki/Anni_1950" title="Anni 1950">anni cinquanta</a> gli abitanti erano 250.000, tra cui si stimava la presenza di 15.000 europei<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. La città divenne così la meta di molti abitanti delle campagne in cerca di lavoro, che si stabilirono nelle case della zona indigena. La città iniziò a essere popolata soprattutto da membri dell'etnia <a href="/wiki/Bakongo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakongo">Bakongo</a>. A quell'epoca risale la fondazione dell'università, amministrativamente aggregata all'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Cattolica_di_Lovanio" title="Università Cattolica di Lovanio">università di Lovanio</a>, un'istituzione speciale per i nativi e veniva sorvegliata per evitare che influenze straniere raggiungessero i suoi alunni. </p><p>Prima dell'indipendenza, Léopoldville era costituita da due parti distinte, la città degli europei e quella africana, quest'ultima chiamata <i>Quartier Indigène</i>. I residenti necessitavano di un permesso speciale per entrare nelle diverse parti della città dopo le ore 21:00. Nel 1950 venne costruito lo stadio. Nel <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a> Léopoldville aveva circa 400.000 abitanti, ed era la più popolosa città dell'<a href="/wiki/Africa_centrale" title="Africa centrale">Africa centrale</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indipendenza">Indipendenza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Indipendenza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Indipendenza"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Con i disordini del gennaio <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a>, l'indipendenza politica cominciò a prendere piede. Le elezioni municipali, parlamentari e presidenziali provocarono tensioni etniche che portarono all'intervento della polizia. I Bakongo vinsero comunque le elezioni municipali e presidenziali. La guerra civile che, dopo l'indipendenza del 1960, ha fatto esplodere l'immigrazione dei <a href="/wiki/Baluba" title="Baluba">Baluba</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Con la presa del potere da parte dell'ascesa al potere della rivolta, nel <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a>, la lingua regionale della città, il <a href="/wiki/Lingua_lingala" title="Lingua lingala">Lingala</a>, divenne la lingua ufficiale e fu insegnata in modo paritario con il <a href="/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese">francese</a>. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a> <a href="/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko">Mobutu Sese Seko</a> prese il controllo del Paese dopo la <a href="/wiki/Crisi_del_Congo" title="Crisi del Congo">crisi del Congo</a> e il suo secondo colpo di Stato e avviò una politica di <a href="/wiki/Africanizzazione" title="Africanizzazione">africanizzazione</a> che promosse la ridenominazione di persone e luoghi del Paese. Così, nel <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>, la città cambiò nome in Kinsasa, prendendo il nome dalla città di <i>Kinchassa</i>, situata a circa due ore a est di Leopoldville e dove la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Compagnia_Commerciale_Belga&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Compagnia Commerciale Belga (la pagina non esiste)">Compagnia Commerciale Belga</a> aveva stabilito la sua principale stazione commerciale<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La città crebbe rapidamente sotto il governo di Mobutu, attirando persone da tutto il Paese che venivano in cerca di fortuna o che cercavano di sfuggire ai conflitti etnici in altre aree. Questo ha portato a un inevitabile cambiamento nella composizione etnica della città. Un risultato di questo processo, ad esempio è la lingua paralta nei territori della capitale: sebbene Kinshasa sia situata in un territorio tradizionalmente appartenente ai <a href="/wiki/Bateke" class="mw-redirect" title="Bateke">Bateke</a> e ai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahumbu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahumbu (la pagina non esiste)">Bahumbu</a>, la lingua franca di Kinshasa è oggi il Lingala<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> e nel <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>, Kinshasa è stata vittima di saccheggi, le cui conseguenze sono ancora visibili sia materialmente che umanamente alla fine degli <a href="/wiki/Anni_2000" title="Anni 2000">anni 2000</a>. Il saccheggio è stato seguito da una crisi economica causata da un sistema politico ed economico inefficiente e corrotto in tutto il Paese. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>, dopo l'ascesa al potere di <a href="/wiki/Laurent-D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Kabila" title="Laurent-Désiré Kabila">Laurent-Désiré Kabila</a>, in città è scoppiata la violenza etnica. Le politiche del nuovo leader hanno avuto un impatto sull'economia della capitale e del Paese nel suo complesso, portando a un aumento della corruzione. </p><p>Kinshasa ha sofferto gravemente per gli eccessi, la corruzione e il <a href="/wiki/Nepotismo" title="Nepotismo">nepotismo</a> del governo di Mobutu e per la <a href="/wiki/Prima_guerra_del_Congo" title="Prima guerra del Congo">prima guerra del Congo</a>, che ha portato alla sua caduta. Tuttavia, Kinshasa rimane uno dei principali centri culturali e intellettuali dell'Africa centrale, con una crescente comunità di musicisti e artisti. È anche il principale centro industriale del Paese, dove vengono lavorate molte delle materie prime provenienti dall'interno. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Economia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Economia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kinshasa è anche un attivo centro industriale e costituisce il maggior <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">porto fluviale</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, capolinea della <a href="/wiki/Ferrovia" title="Ferrovia">ferrovia</a> e dell'<a href="/wiki/Oleodotto" title="Oleodotto">oleodotto</a> per <a href="/wiki/Matadi" title="Matadi">Matadi</a>. </p><p>Nel 2022, il PIL di Kinshasa ha superato le aspettative iniziali con un'espansione dell'8,5%, come riportato dal <a href="/wiki/Fondo_Monetario_Internazionale" title="Fondo Monetario Internazionale">Fondo Monetario Internazionale</a> (FMI). L'industria mineraria della RDC è stata determinante per il mantenimento di prospettive economiche positive, anche in presenza della pandemia <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>. Le esportazioni di materie prime, in particolare <a href="/wiki/Cobalto" title="Cobalto">cobalto</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rame" title="Rame">rame</a>, hanno registrato prezzi storicamente elevati, con conseguenti ingenti investimenti nel settore. Tra l'altro, la produzione è aumentata e le restrizioni legate al Covid sono diminuite, portando a una crescita economica sostenuta<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Nonostante le sfide esterne, tra cui le ripercussioni della <a href="/wiki/Conflitto_russo-ucraino" title="Conflitto russo-ucraino">guerra russo-ucraina</a>, la Repubblica Democratica del Congo ha dimostrato una generale stabilità fiscale, e così la sua capitale. Nel <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>, la performance fiscale ha superato le previsioni, evidenziando una migliore generazione di entrate. Tuttavia, l'aumento delle spese legate ai problemi di sicurezza e agli arretrati interni ha portato a un deterioramento del saldo di bilancio complessivo. Tuttavia, il rischio di indebitamento è rimasto moderato, con un <a href="/wiki/Debito_pubblico" title="Debito pubblico">debito pubblico</a> pari al 24,7% del PIL. L'approvazione della terza revisione del programma del <a href="/wiki/Fondo_Monetario_Internazionale" title="Fondo Monetario Internazionale">FMI</a> riflette i risultati soddisfacenti degli sforzi di riforma del Paese<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Cultura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Kinshasa si trovano il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Museo_Nazionale_della_Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Museo Nazionale della Repubblica Democratica del Congo (la pagina non esiste)">Museo Nazionale</a> e l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_des_Beaux-Arts_(Kinshasa)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Académie des Beaux-Arts (Kinshasa) (la pagina non esiste)">Accademia di Belle Arti di Kinshasa</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Kinshasa ha una fiorente scena musicale che, dagli anni '60, opera sotto il patrocinio dell'élite cittadina. L'<a href="/wiki/Orchestre_Symphonique_Kimbanguiste" title="Orchestre Symphonique Kimbanguiste">Orchestre Symphonique Kimbanguiste</a>, costituita nel <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, ha iniziato a utilizzare strumenti musicali migliori e da allora è cresciuta in mezzi e reputazione. </p><p>Molti kinois hanno una visione negativa della città, esprimendo nostalgia per lo stile di vita rurale, e un'associazione più forte con la nazione congolese che con Kinshasa<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Sport"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gli sport, in particolare il <a href="/wiki/Calcio_(sport)" title="Calcio (sport)">calcio</a> e le <a href="/wiki/Arte_marziale" title="Arte marziale">arti marziali</a>, sono molto popolari a Kinshasa. La città ospita lo stadio nazionale del Paese, lo <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stade_des_Martyrs&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stade des Martyrs (la pagina non esiste)">Stade des Martyrs</a></i> (Stadio dei Martiri). Il <a href="/wiki/Association_Sportive_Vita_Club" title="Association Sportive Vita Club">Vita Club</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Daring_Club_Motema_Pembe" title="Daring Club Motema Pembe">Daring Club Motema Pembe</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Amicale_sportive_Dragons" title="Amicale sportive Dragons">AS Dragons</a> attirano spesso grandi folle di tifosi<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>, Kinshasa ha ospitato allo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stade_Tata_Rapha%C3%ABl&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stade Tata Raphaël (la pagina non esiste)">Stade Tata Raphaël</a> l'incontro di boxe <i><a href="/wiki/Rumble_in_the_Jungle" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumble in the Jungle">Rumble in the Jungle</a></i> tra <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Foreman" title="George Foreman">George Foreman</a>, in cui Ali ha sconfitto Foreman, riconquistando il titolo mondiale dei pesi massimi<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia_antropica">Geografia antropica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Geografia antropica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Geografia antropica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Commune_Map_of_Kinshasa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Commune_Map_of_Kinshasa.png/402px-Commune_Map_of_Kinshasa.png" decoding="async" width="402" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Commune_Map_of_Kinshasa.png/603px-Commune_Map_of_Kinshasa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Commune_Map_of_Kinshasa.png/804px-Commune_Map_of_Kinshasa.png 2x" data-file-width="1220" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Mappa di Kinshasa e delle sue divisioni amministrative (<i>Commune</i>)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suddivisioni_amministrative">Suddivisioni amministrative</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Suddivisioni amministrative" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Suddivisioni amministrative"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kinshasa è una città (<i>ville</i> in francese) e una provincia (<i>province</i> francese), <a href="/wiki/Province_della_Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo" title="Province della Repubblica Democratica del Congo">una delle 26 province della Repubblica Democratica del Congo</a>. Il suo status è così, simile a Parigi, che è una città e uno dei 101 dipartimenti della Francia<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La <i>ville-province</i> di Kinshasa è divisa in quattro distretti che sono ulteriormente divisi in 24 <i>communes</i> (comuni), che a loro volta contengono diversi quarti (332 in totale). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r119427926">.mw-parser-output .responsive-columns{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:-20px}.mw-parser-output .responsive-columns>div{flex:1 1;margin:0 20px 20px 0}</style><div class="responsive-columns" style=""> <div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funa_District&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Funa District (la pagina non esiste)">Funa District</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandalungwa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandalungwa (la pagina non esiste)">Bandalungwa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bumbu_(Kinshasa)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bumbu (Kinshasa) (la pagina non esiste)">Bumbu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalamu_(commune)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalamu (commune) (la pagina non esiste)">Kalamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasa-Vubu_(Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo)" title="Kasa-Vubu (Repubblica Democratica del Congo)">Kasa-Vubu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makala_(commune)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Makala (commune) (la pagina non esiste)">Makala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngiri-Ngiri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngiri-Ngiri (la pagina non esiste)">Ngiri-Ngiri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selembao&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Selembao (la pagina non esiste)">Selembao</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lukunga_District&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lukunga District (la pagina non esiste)">Lukunga District</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barumbu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Barumbu (la pagina non esiste)">Barumbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gombe_(Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo)" title="Gombe (Repubblica Democratica del Congo)">Gombe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa_(commune)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinshasa (commune) (la pagina non esiste)">Kinshasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kintambo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kintambo (la pagina non esiste)">Kintambo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingwala&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingwala (la pagina non esiste)">Lingwala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mont_Ngafula&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mont Ngafula (la pagina non esiste)">Mont Ngafula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngaliema&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngaliema (la pagina non esiste)">Ngaliema</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mont_Amba_District&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mont Amba District (la pagina non esiste)">Mont Amba District</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisenso&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kisenso (la pagina non esiste)">Kisenso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemba,_Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lemba, Kinshasa (la pagina non esiste)">Lemba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limete&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Limete (la pagina non esiste)">Limete</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matete&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Matete (la pagina non esiste)">Matete</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngaba&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngaba (la pagina non esiste)">Ngaba</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tshangu_District&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tshangu District (la pagina non esiste)">Tshangu District</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimbanseke&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimbanseke (la pagina non esiste)">Kimbanseke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku,_Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maluku, Kinshasa (la pagina non esiste)">Maluku</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masina,_Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Masina, Kinshasa (la pagina non esiste)">Masina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ndjili,_Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ndjili, Kinshasa (la pagina non esiste)">Ndjili</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nsele&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nsele (la pagina non esiste)">Nsele</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) Marc Pain, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=v8pXpA125BEC&amp;dq=urbanisme+makala&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kinshasa: la ville et la cité</span></a>, IRD Editions, 1984, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-2-7099-0728-6" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-2-7099-0728-6">978-2-7099-0728-6</a>. <small>URL consultato il 23 settembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-it.climate-data.org-2"><a href="#cite_ref-it.climate-data.org_2-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://it.climate-data.org/location/408/"><span style="font-style:italic;">CLIMA KINSHASA</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">it.climate-data.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 15 marzo 2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=ca66AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=Kinshasa+Arenoferrasol&amp;redir_esc=y"><span style="font-style:italic;">Monographie de la province du Maniema</span></a>, République démocratique du Congo, Ministères de l'agriculture et de l'élevage, 1998. <small>URL consultato il 23 settembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=lgouAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=Kinshasa+Arenoferrasol&amp;redir_esc=y"><span style="font-style:italic;">African Soils</span></a>, Organisation de l'Unité Africaine, Commission Scientifique, Technique et de la Recherche, 1971. <small>URL consultato il 23 settembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Mukendi Tshibangu Michael, Mbale Kunzi Henri e Ntumba Jean Meti, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journalofscience.org/index.php/GJSFR/article/view/2864"><span style="font-style:italic;">Floristic Inventory of Invasive Alien Aquatic Plants Found in Malebo Pool in Congo Rivers, Kinshasa, DR. Congo (Case of MOLONDO, MIPONGO, and JAPON Islands)</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Global Journal of Science Frontier Research</span>, vol.&#160;20, C6, 15 maggio 2020, pp.&#160;31–44. <small>URL consultato il 23 settembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">John K. Thornton. <i>History of West Central Africa</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2020. p. 208</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers11-10/34805.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Les industries du Stanley-Pool: problèmes stratigraphiques</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), su <span style="font-style:italic;">horizon.documentation.ird.fr</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091217065225/http://www.congonline.com/geo/kinshasa.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kinshasa</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">web.archive.org</span>, 17 dicembre 2009. <small>URL consultato il 23 settembre 2024</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.congonline.com/geo/kinshasa.htm">url originale</abbr> il 17 dicembre 2009)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230427132824/https://taigong788.skyrock.mobi/3199112951-Ca-s-est-passe-un-24-decembre-Le-traite-d-amitie-entre-Henry-Morton.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 144</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">taigong788.skyrock.mobi</span>. <small>URL consultato il 23 settembre 2024</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https&#58;//taigong788.skyrock.mobi/3199112951-Ca-s-est-passe-un-24-decembre-Le-traite-d-amitie-entre-Henry-Morton.html">url originale</abbr> il 27 aprile 2023)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atol.be/docs/ebib/DSRP_Kinshasa.PDF"><span style="font-style:italic;">atol.be</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), su <span style="font-style:italic;">www.atol.be</span>. <small>URL consultato il 23 settembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/republique-democratique-du-congo/kinshasa-a-depasse-paris-comme-plus-grande-ville-francophone-du-monde_3060123.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kinshasa a dépassé Paris comme plus grande ville francophone du monde</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Franceinfo</span>, 2 giugno 2017. <small>URL consultato il 23 settembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Kinshasa"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kinshasa | Map, Population, Region, &amp; Facts | Britannica</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">www.britannica.com</span>, 21 settembre 2024. <small>URL consultato il 21 settembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.memoireonline.com/05/07/461/m_gestion-gouvernance-dechets-ville-province-kinshasa5.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Memoire Online - La gestion et la gouvernance des déchets dans la ville-province de Kinshasa - Evrard NKENKU LUAKA</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Memoire Online</span>. <small>URL consultato il 21 settembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="spagnolo">ES</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elmundo.es/salud/2014/10/02/542d93b5e2704e49518b456d.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kinshasa, 1920: el principio del VIH</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">ELMUNDO</span>, 2 ottobre 2014. <small>URL consultato il 23 settembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) Matthieu Kayembe Wa&#160;Kayembe, Mathieu De Maeyer e Eléonore Wolff, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/belgeo/7349"><span style="font-style:italic;">Cartographie de la croissance urbaine de Kinshasa (R.D. Congo) entre 1995 et 2005 par télédétection satellitaire à haute résolution</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Belgeo. Revue belge de géographie</span>, n.&#160;3-4, 31 dicembre 2009, pp.&#160;439–456, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4000%2Fbelgeo.7349">10.4000/belgeo.7349</a>. <small>URL consultato il 23 settembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Boston University Mugar Memorial Library, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/actualafricaorco00vinc/actualafricaorco00vinc_djvu.txt"><span style="font-style:italic;">Actual Africa; or, The coming continent; a tour of exploration</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento di puro testo">TXT</abbr></span>), New York, D. Appleton &amp; Co., 1895. <small>URL consultato il 23 settembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/jan/17/patrice-lumumba-50th-anniversary-assassination"><span style="font-style:italic;">Patrice Lumumba: the most important assassination of the 20th century</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">The Guardian</span>, 17 gennaio 2011. <small>URL consultato il 21 settembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2023/02/15/pr2341-imf-staff-concludes-visit-to-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo"><span style="font-style:italic;">IMF Staff Concludes Visit to the Democratic Republic of the Congo</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">IMF</span>. <small>URL consultato il 21 settembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/congos-gdp-growth-revised-up-85-2022-imf-2023-02-15/"><span style="font-style:italic;">IMF revises Congo's 2022 growth up to 8.5%, rebel conflict a concern</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">reuters.com</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/Pays/CD/l-economie-de-la-rd-congo"><span style="font-style:italic;">La situation économique de la RD Congo - RÉPUBLIQUE DÉMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO | Direction générale du Trésor</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr</span>. <small>URL consultato il 23 settembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=qb6NAQAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Kinshasa++National+Museum+and+the+Kinshasa+Fine+Arts+Academy&amp;pg=PA145&amp;redir_esc=y"><span style="font-style:italic;">Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture</span></a>, ABC-CLIO, 23 maggio 2013, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-61069-248-9" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-61069-248-9">978-1-61069-248-9</a>. <small>URL consultato il 21 settembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Joe Trapido, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newleftreview.org/issues/ii98/articles/joe-trapido-kinshasa-s-theatre-of-power"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kinshasa’s Theatre of Power</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">New Left Review</span>, n.&#160;98, 1º aprile 2016, pp.&#160;57–80. <small>URL consultato il 21 settembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Bill Freund, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0096144212449141"><span style="font-style:italic;">City and Nation in an African Context: National Identity in Kinshasa</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Journal of Urban History</span>, vol.&#160;38, n.&#160;5, 2012-09, pp.&#160;901–913, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F0096144212449141">10.1177/0096144212449141</a>. <small>URL consultato il 21 settembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140213025853/http://www.vclub-cd.com/menu-icons/equipe/historique.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Historique</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">web.archive.org</span>, 13 febbraio 2014. <small>URL consultato il 23 settembre 2024</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.vclub-cd.com/menu-icons/equipe/historique.html">url originale</abbr> il 13 febbraio 2014)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Jay Caspian Kang, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grantland.com/features/don-king-faces-end-career/"><span style="font-style:italic;">» The End and Don King</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">grantland.com</span>, 90520. <small>URL consultato il 23 settembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120723091147/http://www.kinshasa.cd/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=300"><span style="font-style:italic;">.::Bienvenue sur le site de la Ville de Kinshasa::.</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">web.archive.org</span>, 23 luglio 2012. <small>URL consultato il 23 settembre 2024</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.kinshasa.cd/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=300">url originale</abbr> il 23 luglio 2012)</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/kinshasa" class="extiw" title="wikt:kinshasa">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Kinshasa"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kinshasa?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/kinshasa" class="extiw" title="wikt:kinshasa">Kinshasa</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kinshasa?uselang=it">Kinshasa</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshasa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinshasa.cd"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sito ufficiale</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">kinshasa.cd</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3838#P856" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeHBtCNfoEBLBC3Z1EWSckw"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ville de Kinshasa</span></a> (canale), su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3838#P2397" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDizionario_di_storia" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/kinshasa_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kinshasa</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario di storia</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell&#39;Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2010.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3838#P6404" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Wyatt Macgaffey, James Oladipo Adejuwon, Janet Macgaffey e Dennis D. Cordell, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Kinshasa"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kinshasa</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3838#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Province_della_Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Province_della_Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo" title="Template:Province della Repubblica Democratica del Congo"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Province_della_Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Province della Repubblica Democratica del Congo (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Province_della_Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo&amp;action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l&#39;anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="RD del Congo (bandiera)"><img alt="RD del Congo (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_della_Repubblica_Democratica_del_Congo" title="Province della Repubblica Democratica del Congo">Province della Repubblica Democratica del Congo</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Dal 2015</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Provincia_dell%27Alto_Lomami" title="Provincia dell&#39;Alto Lomami">Alto Lomami</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_dell%27Alto_Katanga" title="Provincia dell&#39;Alto Katanga">Alto Katanga</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_dell%27Alto_Uele" title="Provincia dell&#39;Alto Uele">Alto Uele</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_del_Basso_Uele" title="Provincia del Basso Uele">Basso Uele</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_del_Congo_Centrale" title="Provincia del Congo Centrale">Congo Centrale</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_dell%27Equatore" title="Provincia dell&#39;Equatore">Equatore</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_dell%27Ituri" title="Provincia dell&#39;Ituri">Ituri</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_del_Kasai" title="Provincia del Kasai">Kasai</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_del_Kasai_Centrale" title="Provincia del Kasai Centrale">Kasai Centrale</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_del_Kasai_Orientale" title="Provincia del Kasai Orientale">Kasai Orientale</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kinshasa</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_del_Kivu_Nord" title="Provincia del Kivu Nord">Kivu Nord</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_del_Kivu_Sud" title="Provincia del Kivu Sud">Kivu Sud</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Kwango" title="Provincia di Kwango">Kwango</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Kwilu" title="Provincia di Kwilu">Kwilu</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Lomami" title="Provincia di Lomami">Lomami</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Lualaba" title="Provincia di Lualaba">Lualaba</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Mai-Ndombe" title="Provincia di Mai-Ndombe">Mai-Ndombe</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Maniema" title="Provincia di Maniema">Maniema</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Mongala" title="Provincia di Mongala">Mongala</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Sankuru" title="Provincia di Sankuru">Sankuru</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Tanganyika" title="Provincia di Tanganyika">Tanganyika</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Tshopo" title="Provincia di Tshopo">Tshopo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Tshuapa" title="Provincia di Tshuapa">Tshuapa</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_del_Nord_Ubangi" title="Provincia del Nord Ubangi">Ubangi Nord</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_del_Sud_Ubangi" title="Provincia del Sud Ubangi">Ubangi Sud</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">1997-2015</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Bandundu" title="Provincia di Bandundu">Bandundu</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_del_Basso_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia del Basso Congo">Basso Congo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_dell%27Equatore_(antica_provincia)" title="Provincia dell&#39;Equatore (antica provincia)">Equatore</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_del_Kasai_Occidentale" title="Provincia del Kasai Occidentale">Kasai Occidentale</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_del_Kasai_Orientale_(antica_provincia)" title="Provincia del Kasai Orientale (antica provincia)">Kasai Orientale</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_del_Katanga" title="Provincia del Katanga">Katanga</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kinshasa</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_del_Kivu_Nord" title="Provincia del Kivu Nord">Kivu Nord</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_del_Kivu_Sud" title="Provincia del Kivu Sud">Kivu Sud</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Maniema_(antica_provincia)" title="Provincia di Maniema (antica provincia)">Maniema</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_Orientale_(Congo)" title="Provincia Orientale (Congo)">Orientale</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141815314"><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Capitali_dell&#39;Africa"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitali_dell%27Africa" title="Template:Capitali dell&#39;Africa"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Capitali_dell%27Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Capitali dell&#39;Africa (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Capitali_dell%27Africa&amp;action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l&#39;anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title">Capitali dell'<a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox_list navbox_center navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Addis_Abeba" title="Addis Abeba">Addis Abeba</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Algeri" title="Algeri">Algeri</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Asmara" title="Asmara">Asmara</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bangui" title="Bangui">Bangui</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Banjul" title="Banjul">Banjul</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Il_Cairo" title="Il Cairo">Il Cairo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Citt%C3%A0_del_Capo" title="Città del Capo">Città del Capo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Conakry" title="Conakry">Conakry</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dodoma" title="Dodoma">Dodoma</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Freetown" title="Freetown">Freetown</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gibuti_(citt%C3%A0)" title="Gibuti (città)">Gibuti</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gitega" title="Gitega">Gitega</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Giuba_(Sudan_del_Sud)" title="Giuba (Sudan del Sud)">Giuba</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Khartum" title="Khartum">Khartum</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kinshasa</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lilongwe" title="Lilongwe">Lilongwe</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lobamba" title="Lobamba">Lobamba</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lom%C3%A9" title="Lomé">Lomé</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka">Lusaka</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Maseru" title="Maseru">Maseru</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mbabane" title="Mbabane">Mbabane</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mogadiscio" title="Mogadiscio">Mogadiscio</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Monrovia" title="Monrovia">Monrovia</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Moroni_(Comore)" title="Moroni (Comore)">Moroni</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a 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class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/138356270">138356270</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>)&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n78073109">n78073109</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>)&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4030682-3">4030682-3</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Spagna" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Spagna">BNE</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="spagnolo">ES</abbr></span>)&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX458115">XX458115</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX458115">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>)&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb179948926">cb179948926</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb179948926">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>,&#160;<abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>)&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007547818005171">987007547818005171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>,&#160;<abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>)&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628427">00628427</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output 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