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Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA" title="إينار هرتسبرونغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إينار هرتسبرونغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%82" title="اینار هرتس‌اشپرونق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اینار هرتس‌اشپرونق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%82" title="অয়নর হের্ডসব্রং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অয়নর হের্ডসব্রং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D1%88%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Эйнар Герцшпрунг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эйнар Герцшпрунг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D1%88%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Ейнар Херцшпрунг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ейнар Херцшпрунг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81_%CE%A7%CE%AD%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B6%CF%83%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Έιναρ Χέρτζσπρουνγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έιναρ Χέρτζσπρουνγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="اینار هرتس‌اشپرونگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اینار هرتس‌اشپرونگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EB%82%98%EB%A5%B4_%ED%97%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%B8%A0%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%84%EB%A3%BD" title="아이나르 헤르츠스프룽 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아이나르 헤르츠스프룽" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80_%D5%80%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%81%D5%B7%D5%BA%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A3" title="Էյնար Հերցշպրունգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էյնար Հերցշպրունգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="איינר הרצשפרונג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איינר הרצשפרונג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D1%88%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Ејнар Херцшпрунг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ејнар Херцшпрунг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ეინარ ჰერცშპრუნგი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ეინარ ჰერცშპრუნგი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB%E3%83%84%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%97%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="アイナー・ヘルツシュプルング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイナー・ヘルツシュプルング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D1%88%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3,_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Герцшпрунг, Эйнар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Герцшпрунг, Эйнар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%BE%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ئێژنار ھێرتزسپرونگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێژنار ھێرتزسپرونگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D1%88%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Ејнар Херцшпрунг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ејнар Херцшпрунг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ejnar Hertzsprung" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="எய்னார் எர்ட்சுபிரங்கு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எய்னார் எர்ட்சுபிரங்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="ไอนาร์ แฮร์ตสปรอง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไอนาร์ แฮร์ตสปรอง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Ejnar Hertzsprung</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Karl_Schwarzschild_and_Ejnar_Hertzsprung_(1909).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Karl_Schwarzschild_and_Ejnar_Hertzsprung_%281909%29.jpg/220px-Karl_Schwarzschild_and_Ejnar_Hertzsprung_%281909%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Karl_Schwarzschild_and_Ejnar_Hertzsprung_%281909%29.jpg/330px-Karl_Schwarzschild_and_Ejnar_Hertzsprung_%281909%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Karl_Schwarzschild_and_Ejnar_Hertzsprung_%281909%29.jpg/440px-Karl_Schwarzschild_and_Ejnar_Hertzsprung_%281909%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1088" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Hertzsprung (right) and <a href="/wiki/Karl_Schwarzschild" title="Karl Schwarzschild">Karl Schwarzschild</a> in front of the Göttingen Observatory building (1909)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1873-10-08</span>)</span>8 October 1873<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">21 October 1967<span style="display:none">(1967-10-21)</span> (aged 94)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Roskilde" title="Roskilde">Roskilde</a>, Denmark</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data">Copenhagen Polytechnic (DTU)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hertzsprung_gap" title="Hertzsprung gap">Hertzsprung gap</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hertzsprung%E2%80%93Russell_diagram" title="Hertzsprung–Russell diagram">Hertzsprung–Russell diagram</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Henriette Mariette Augustine Albertine Kapteijn</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Severin Carl Ludvig Hertzsprung (father)</li><li>Henriette Christiane Charlotte Frost (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Medal" title="Bruce Medal">Bruce Medal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1937)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Gold_Medal_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society">Gold Medal of RAS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">Astronomy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leiden_Observatory" title="Leiden Observatory">Leiden Observatory</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ejnar Hertzsprung</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Danish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="da-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Danish" title="Help:IPA/Danish">[ˈɑjnɐ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈhɛɐ̯tsˌpʁɔŋ]</a></span>; 8 October 1873 – 21 October 1967) was a <a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">Danish</a> chemist and astronomer. He is best remembered for his role in developing the <a href="/wiki/Hertzsprung-Russell_diagram" class="mw-redirect" title="Hertzsprung-Russell diagram">Hertzsprung-Russell diagram</a> of stars. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ejnar_Hertzsprung&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hertzsprung was born in <a href="/wiki/Frederiksberg" title="Frederiksberg">Frederiksberg</a>, Denmark, the son of Severin and Henriette. He studied chemical engineering at <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Polytechnic_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Copenhagen Polytechnic Institute">Copenhagen Polytechnic Institute</a>, graduating in 1898. After spending two years working as a chemist in St. Petersburg, in 1901 he studied <a href="/wiki/Photochemistry" title="Photochemistry">photochemistry</a> at <a href="/wiki/Leipzig_University" title="Leipzig University">Leipzig University</a> for a year.<sup id="cite_ref-Klaas_et_al_1999_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klaas_et_al_1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was an amateur astronomer, which led to Ejnar's interest in the subject. He began making astronomical observations in Frederiksberg in 1902, and within a few years had noticed that stars with similar <a href="/wiki/Spectral_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectral type">spectral type</a> could have widely different <a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude" title="Absolute magnitude">absolute magnitudes</a>. In 1909, he took a position at the <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen_Observatory" title="Göttingen Observatory">Göttingen Observatory</a> under director <a href="/wiki/Karl_Schwarzschild" title="Karl Schwarzschild">Karl Schwarzschild</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hellyer1973_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hellyer1973-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1911 Hertzsprung developed the <a href="/wiki/Hertzsprung%E2%80%93Russell_diagram" title="Hertzsprung–Russell diagram">Hertzsprung–Russell diagram</a>, independently developed in 1913 by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell" title="Henry Norris Russell">Henry Norris Russell</a>. </p><p>In 1913 Hertzsprung determined the distances to several <a href="/wiki/Cepheid" class="mw-redirect" title="Cepheid">Cepheid</a> variable stars by <a href="/wiki/Parallax" title="Parallax">parallax</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was thus able to calibrate the relationship, discovered by <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Leavitt" class="mw-redirect" title="Henrietta Leavitt">Henrietta Leavitt</a>, between Cepheid period and <a href="/wiki/Luminosity" title="Luminosity">luminosity</a>. In this determination he made a mistake, possibly a slip of the pen, putting the stars 10 times too close. He used this relationship to estimate the distance to the <a href="/wiki/Small_Magellanic_Cloud" title="Small Magellanic Cloud">Small Magellanic Cloud</a>. From 1919 to 1946, Hertzsprung worked at <a href="/wiki/Leiden_Observatory" title="Leiden Observatory">Leiden Observatory</a> in the Netherlands, from 1937 as director. Among his graduate students at Leiden was <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Kuiper" title="Gerard Kuiper">Gerard Kuiper</a>. </p><p>Perhaps his greatest contribution to astronomy was the development of a classification system for stars to divide them by spectral type, stage in their development, and luminosity. He used the earlier classification system developed by <a href="/wiki/Antonia_Maury" title="Antonia Maury">Antonia Maury</a> in his work.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The so-called "Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram" has been used ever since as a classification system to explain stellar types and <a href="/wiki/Stellar_evolution" title="Stellar evolution">stellar evolution</a>. He also discovered two <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroids</a>, one of which is <a href="/wiki/1627_Ivar" title="1627 Ivar">1627 Ivar</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Amor_asteroid" title="Amor asteroid">Amor asteroid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-springer-Ivar_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-springer-Ivar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His wife Henrietta (1881–1956) was a daughter of the Dutch astronomer <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Kapteyn" title="Jacobus Kapteyn">Jacobus Kapteyn</a>. Hertzsprung died in <a href="/wiki/Roskilde" title="Roskilde">Roskilde</a> in 1967. The asteroid <a href="/wiki/1693_Hertzsprung" title="1693 Hertzsprung">1693 Hertzsprung</a> was named in his honour.<sup id="cite_ref-springer-Hertzsprung_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-springer-Hertzsprung-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asteroids_discovered">Asteroids discovered</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ejnar_Hertzsprung&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Asteroids discovered"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1627_Ivar" title="1627 Ivar">1627 Ivar</a> (25 September 1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1702_Kalahari" class="mw-redirect" title="1702 Kalahari">1702 Kalahari</a> (7 July 1924)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ejnar_Hertzsprung&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Awards and Honors</dt></dl> <ul><li>elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1927<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Medal_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society">Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society</a> in 1929</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Medal" title="Bruce Medal">Bruce Medal</a> in 1937</li> <li>elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 1941<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt>Named after him</dt></dl> <ul><li>lunar impact crater <i><a href="/wiki/Hertzsprung_(crater)" title="Hertzsprung (crater)">Hertzsprung</a></i></li> <li>main-belt asteroid <a href="/wiki/1693_Hertzsprung" title="1693 Hertzsprung">1693 Hertzsprung</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ejnar_Hertzsprung&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Sky & Telescope</i>, January 1968, Sky Publishing Corporation, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_MA" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge, MA">Cambridge</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ejnar_Hertzsprung&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Klaas_et_al_1999-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Klaas_et_al_1999_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVan_BerkelVan_HeldenPalm1999" class="citation book cs1">Van Berkel, Klaas; Van Helden, Albert; Palm, L. C. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1jwjTsRu6AMC&pg=PA460"><i>The History of Science in the Netherlands: Survey, Themes and Reference</i></a>. BRILL. p. 460. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004100060" title="Special:BookSources/9789004100060"><bdi>9789004100060</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Science+in+the+Netherlands%3A+Survey%2C+Themes+and+Reference&rft.pages=460&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9789004100060&rft.aulast=Van+Berkel&rft.aufirst=Klaas&rft.au=Van+Helden%2C+Albert&rft.au=Palm%2C+L.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1jwjTsRu6AMC%26pg%3DPA460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEjnar+Hertzsprung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hellyer1973-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hellyer1973_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHellyer1973" class="citation journal cs1">Hellyer, B. (October 1973). "Ejnar Hertzsprung, 1873–1967". <i>Journal of the British Astronomical Association</i>. <b>83</b>: <span class="nowrap">460–</span>461. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973JBAA...83..460H">1973JBAA...83..460H</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+British+Astronomical+Association&rft.atitle=Ejnar+Hertzsprung%2C+1873%E2%80%931967&rft.volume=83&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E460-%3C%2Fspan%3E461&rft.date=1973-10&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1973JBAA...83..460H&rft.aulast=Hellyer&rft.aufirst=B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEjnar+Hertzsprung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHertzsprung1913" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hertzsprung, E. (1913). "Über die räumliche Verteilung der Veränderlichen vom δ Cephei-Typus" [On the spatial distribution of variable [stars] of the δ Cephei type]. <i>Astronomische Nachrichten</i> (in German). <b>196</b> (4692): <span class="nowrap">201–</span>208. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1913AN....196..201H">1913AN....196..201H</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomische+Nachrichten&rft.atitle=%C3%9Cber+die+r%C3%A4umliche+Verteilung+der+Ver%C3%A4nderlichen+vom+%CE%B4+Cephei-Typus&rft.volume=196&rft.issue=4692&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E201-%3C%2Fspan%3E208&rft.date=1913&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1913AN....196..201H&rft.aulast=Hertzsprung&rft.aufirst=E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEjnar+Hertzsprung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoffleit, D. "Reminiscences on Antonia Maury and the c-Characteristic." <i>The MK Process at 50 Years: A Powerful Tool for Astrophysical Insight</i>. Vol. 60. 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-springer-Ivar-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-springer-Ivar_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchmadel2003" class="citation book cs1">Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). "(1627) Ivar". <i>Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1627) Ivar</i>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Berlin_Heidelberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer Berlin Heidelberg">Springer Berlin Heidelberg</a>. p. 129. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-540-29925-7_1628">10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1628</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-29925-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-29925-7"><bdi>978-3-540-29925-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%281627%29+Ivar&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Minor+Planet+Names+%E2%80%93+%281627%29+Ivar&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Springer+Berlin+Heidelberg&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-540-29925-7_1628&rft.isbn=978-3-540-29925-7&rft.aulast=Schmadel&rft.aufirst=Lutz+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEjnar+Hertzsprung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-springer-Hertzsprung-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-springer-Hertzsprung_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchmadel2003" class="citation book cs1">Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). "(1693) Hertzsprung". <i>Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1693) Hertzsprung</i>. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-540-29925-7_1694">10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1694</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-29925-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-29925-7"><bdi>978-3-540-29925-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%281693%29+Hertzsprung&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Minor+Planet+Names+%E2%80%93+%281693%29+Hertzsprung&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Springer+Berlin+Heidelberg&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-540-29925-7_1694&rft.isbn=978-3-540-29925-7&rft.aulast=Schmadel&rft.aufirst=Lutz+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEjnar+Hertzsprung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/person/ejnar-hertzsprung">"Ejnar Hertzsprung"</a>. <i>American Academy of Arts & Sciences</i>. 9 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.atitle=Ejnar+Hertzsprung&rft.date=2023-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fperson%2Fejnar-hertzsprung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEjnar+Hertzsprung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Ejnar+Hertzsprung&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DEjnar%2BHertzsprung%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEjnar+Hertzsprung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ejnar_Hertzsprung&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ejnar_Hertzsprung" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ejnar Hertzsprung">Ejnar Hertzsprung</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMedalists/Hertzsprung/index.html">Bruce Medal page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0049//0000065.000.html">Awarding of Bruce Medal: PASP <b>49</b> (1937) 65</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/MNRAS/0089//0000404.000.html">Awarding of RAS gold medal: MNRAS <b>89</b> (1929) 404</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Visualization_of_technical_information112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Visualization_(graphics)" title="Visualization (graphics)">Visualization</a> of technical information</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_data_visualization" title="Biological data visualization">Biological data visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_imaging" title="Chemical imaging">Chemical imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_mapping" title="Crime mapping">Crime mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_visualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Data visualization">Data visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visualization_(graphics)" title="Visualization (graphics)">Educational visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_visualization" title="Flow visualization">Flow visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geovisualization" title="Geovisualization">Geovisualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_visualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Information visualization">Information visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_diagram" title="Mathematical diagram">Mathematical visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">Medical imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_graphics" title="Molecular graphics">Molecular graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visualization_(graphics)" title="Visualization (graphics)">Product visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_visualization" title="Scientific visualization">Scientific visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_visualization" title="Social visualization">Social visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_visualization" title="Software visualization">Software visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">Technical drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_interface_design" title="User interface design">User interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_culture" title="Visual culture">Visual culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume_rendering" title="Volume rendering">Volume visualization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Image <br />types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chart" title="Chart">Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagram" title="Diagram">Diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_drawing" title="Engineering drawing">Engineering drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_of_a_function" title="Graph of a function">Graph of a function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Map" title="Map">Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photograph" title="Photograph">Photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">Pictogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plot_(graphics)" title="Plot (graphics)">Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankey_diagram" title="Sankey diagram">Sankey diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schematic" title="Schematic">Schematic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeletal_formula" title="Skeletal formula">Skeletal formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_graphics" title="Statistical graphics">Statistical graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_(information)" title="Table (information)">Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">Technical drawings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_illustration" title="Technical illustration">Technical illustration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Halley" title="Edmond Halley">Edmond Halley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Ren%C3%A9_de_Fourcroy" title="Charles-René de Fourcroy">Charles-René de Fourcroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Joseph Priestley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspard_Monge" title="Gaspard Monge">Gaspard Monge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupin" title="Charles Dupin">Charles Dupin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Quetelet" title="Adolphe Quetelet">Adolphe Quetelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Michel_Guerry" title="André-Michel Guerry">André-Michel Guerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Playfair" title="William Playfair">William Playfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Kekul%C3%A9" title="August Kekulé">August Kekulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Joseph_Minard" title="Charles Joseph Minard">Charles Joseph Minard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Amasa_Walker" title="Francis Amasa Walker">Francis Amasa Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Venn" title="John Venn">John Venn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Byrne_(mathematician)" title="Oliver Byrne (mathematician)">Oliver Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Henry_Phineas_Riall_Sankey" title="Matthew Henry Phineas Riall Sankey">Matthew Sankey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Booth_(social_reformer)" title="Charles Booth (social reformer)">Charles Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Snow" title="John Snow">John Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Nightingale" title="Florence Nightingale">Florence Nightingale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Wilhelm_Pohlke" title="Karl Wilhelm Pohlke">Karl Wilhelm Pohlke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toussaint_Loua" title="Toussaint Loua">Toussaint Loua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Galton" title="Francis Galton">Francis Galton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early 20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Walter_Maunder" title="Edward Walter Maunder">Edward Walter Maunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Neurath" title="Otto Neurath">Otto Neurath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gantt" title="Henry Gantt">Henry Gantt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lyon_Bowley" title="Arthur Lyon Bowley">Arthur Lyon Bowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_G._Funkhouser" title="Howard G. Funkhouser">Howard G. Funkhouser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Peddle" title="John B. Peddle">John B. Peddle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ejnar Hertzsprung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell" title="Henry Norris Russell">Henry Norris Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_O._Lorenz" title="Max O. Lorenz">Max O. Lorenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Kahn" title="Fritz Kahn">Fritz Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Beck" title="Harry Beck">Harry Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Raisz" title="Erwin Raisz">Erwin Raisz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mid 20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bertin" title="Jacques Bertin">Jacques Bertin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Modley" title="Rudolf Modley">Rudolf Modley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Robinson" title="Arthur H. Robinson">Arthur H. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tukey" title="John Tukey">John Tukey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eleanor_Spear" title="Mary Eleanor Spear">Mary Eleanor Spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Anderson" title="Edgar Anderson">Edgar Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_T._Fisher" title="Howard T. Fisher">Howard T. Fisher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late 20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borden_Dent" title="Borden Dent">Borden Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Holmes" title="Nigel Holmes">Nigel Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Cleveland" title="William S. Cleveland">William S. Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_G._Robertson" title="George G. Robertson">George G. Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_H._McCormick" title="Bruce H. McCormick">Bruce H. McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Plaisant" title="Catherine Plaisant">Catherine Plaisant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Card" title="Stuart Card">Stuart Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Hanrahan" title="Pat Hanrahan">Pat Hanrahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Tufte" title="Edward Tufte">Edward Tufte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Shneiderman" title="Ben Shneiderman">Ben Shneiderman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Friendly" title="Michael Friendly">Michael Friendly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Wainer" title="Howard Wainer">Howard Wainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_A._Pickover" title="Clifford A. Pickover">Clifford A. Pickover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_J._Rosenblum" title="Lawrence J. Rosenblum">Lawrence J. Rosenblum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._DeFanti" title="Thomas A. DeFanti">Thomas A. DeFanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Furnas" title="George Furnas">George Furnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheelagh_Carpendale" title="Sheelagh Carpendale">Sheelagh Carpendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Brewer" title="Cynthia Brewer">Cynthia Brewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jock_D._Mackinlay" title="Jock D. Mackinlay">Jock D. Mackinlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_MacEachren" title="Alan MacEachren">Alan MacEachren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Goodsell" title="David Goodsell">David Goodsell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwan-Liu_Ma" title="Kwan-Liu Ma">Kwan-Liu Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Maltz" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Maltz">Michael Maltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leland_Wilkinson" title="Leland Wilkinson">Leland Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Inselberg" title="Alfred Inselberg">Alfred Inselberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early 21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Fry" title="Ben Fry">Ben Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Heer" title="Jeffrey Heer">Jeffrey Heer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Hullman" title="Jessica Hullman">Jessica Hullman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Kindlmann" title="Gordon Kindlmann">Gordon Kindlmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Koblin" title="Aaron Koblin">Aaron Koblin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_R._Johnson" title="Christopher R. Johnson">Christopher R. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Lima" title="Manuel Lima">Manuel Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McCandless" title="David McCandless">David McCandless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauro_Martino" title="Mauro Martino">Mauro Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maeda" title="John Maeda">John Maeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriah_Meyer" title="Miriah Meyer">Miriah Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Munzner" title="Tamara Munzner">Tamara Munzner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ade_Olufeko" class="mw-redirect" title="Ade Olufeko">Ade Olufeko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanspeter_Pfister" title="Hanspeter Pfister">Hanspeter Pfister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Rosling" title="Hans Rosling">Hans Rosling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Silva_(computer_scientist)" title="Claudio Silva (computer scientist)">Claudio Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritz_Stefaner" title="Moritz Stefaner">Moritz Stefaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernanda_Vi%C3%A9gas" title="Fernanda Viégas">Fernanda Viégas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_M._Wattenberg" title="Martin M. Wattenberg">Martin Wattenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bang_Wong" title="Bang Wong">Bang Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadley_Wickham" title="Hadley Wickham">Hadley Wickham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartography" title="Cartography">Cartography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartjunk" title="Chartjunk">Chartjunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_coding_in_data_visualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Color coding in data visualization">Color coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">Computer graphics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics_(computer_science)" title="Computer graphics (computer science)">in computer science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPK_coloring" 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