Cybersecurity 2022 - IEEE Transmitter

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" class="no-js no-svg"> <head>  <script src="https://cmp.osano.com/AzyzptTmRlqVd2LRf/35dc3c72-774a-4891-b1e8-4acff9c285e9/osano.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cookie-consent.ieee.org/ieee-cookie-banner.css" type="text/css"/>  <meta charset="UTF-8"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"054b97878e",applicationID:"19376273"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>g,gD:()=>h,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function g(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=g(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>d,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,d=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=h(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=m()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:v,listeners:h,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=m();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!m()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=h(e).concat(t)}function h(e){return n[e]||[]}function v(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function m(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log";n.K7.logging},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(2614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),g=r(384),p=r(6344);const h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],v=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var m=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993);var w=r(2646),A=r(3434);function R(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,A.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function E(){const e=(0,g.pV)();h.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function _(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const h={};var w=s.ee.get(e),A=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var E="api-",_=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function T(){}h.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,m.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},h.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),R(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},v.forEach((e=>{h[e]=j(E,e,!0,"api")})),h.addPageAction=j(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},h.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},h.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},h[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h.interaction=function(e){return(new T).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const S=T.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,m.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,m.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,m.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,m.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function k(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{S[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),h.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),h.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,m.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>k()),!0):k(),h}var N=r(9417),T=r(8122);const S={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},j={};var k=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let O=!1;function P(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:l={},exposed:f=!0}=t;l.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");j[e]=(0,T.a)(t,S);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=j[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const h=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),v=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];O||(h.proxy.assets&&(I(h.proxy.assets),v.push(h.proxy.assets)),h.proxy.beacon&&v.push(h.proxy.beacon),E(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",k.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===h.soft_navigations.enabled&&h.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),l.denyList=[...h.ajax.deny_list||[],...h.ajax.block_internal?v:[]],l.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,l),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=_(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),O=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.274.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-gkYkZDAwQ9PwaDXs2YM+rNIdRej1Ac1mupWobRJ8eahQcXz6/sunGZCKklrzi5kWxhOGRZr2tn0rEKuLTXzfAA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={840:0,374:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(7603);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),g=i(5289),p=i(6154),h=i(384);const v=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function m(e){return!!(0,h.dV)().o.MO&&v(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(6389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(v(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,3861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return m(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(6630);class A extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(9908),E=i(2843),x=i(3878),_=i(782),N=i(1863);class T extends y{static featureName=_.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,R.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,x.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,R.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var S=i(3969);class j extends y{static featureName=S.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,S.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,h.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(A),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,h.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[A,T,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/wp_IEEE_v2/images/favicon.ico"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/wp_IEEE_v2/images/ieee-favicon-android-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/wp_IEEE_v2/images/ieee-favicon-apple-180x180.png" sizes="180x180"/>  <script> 'use strict' !(function (a, e) { if (!a.aap) { a.aap = function (e) { ;(a.acuityAdsEventQueue = a.acuityAdsEventQueue || []).push(e) } var t = 'script' var i = e.createElement(t) i.async = true i.src = 'https://origin.acuityplatform.com/event/v2/pixel.js' var c = e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0] c.parentNode.insertBefore(i, c) a.acuityPiggybackCallback = function (e) { a.acuityParseResponse(e) } } })(window, document) aap({pixelKey: '5420214933852395407'}) </script>   <script>(function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-T7JRHVG');</script>  <script>(function(html){html.className = html.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement);</script> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpp-js" src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-popular-posts/assets/js/wpp.min.js?ver=7.1.0" data-sampling="0" data-sampling-rate="100" data-api-url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-json/wordpress-popular-posts" data-post-id="15179" data-token="118e16ba3c" data-lang="en" data-debug="0"></script>  <title>Cybersecurity 2022 - IEEE Transmitter</title> <meta name="description" content="Broader uses of new life-changing technologies bring new cybersecurity risks. Explore how engineers and technologists are securing the future" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/cybersecurity-2022/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Cybersecurity 2022" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Broader uses of new life-changing technologies bring new cybersecurity risks. Explore how engineers and technologists are securing the future" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://transmitter.ieee.org/cybersecurity-2022/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="IEEE Transmitter" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2022-07-21T14:14:00+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/share.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://transmitter.ieee.org/cybersecurity-2022/","url":"https://transmitter.ieee.org/cybersecurity-2022/","name":"Cybersecurity 2022 - IEEE Transmitter","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://transmitter.ieee.org/#website"},"datePublished":"2022-07-12T14:35:06+00:00","dateModified":"2022-07-21T14:14:00+00:00","description":"Broader uses of new life-changing technologies bring new cybersecurity risks. Explore how engineers and technologists are securing the future","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://transmitter.ieee.org/cybersecurity-2022/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://transmitter.ieee.org/cybersecurity-2022/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://transmitter.ieee.org/cybersecurity-2022/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://transmitter.ieee.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Cybersecurity 2022"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://transmitter.ieee.org/#website","url":"https://transmitter.ieee.org/","name":"IEEE Transmitter","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://transmitter.ieee.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}</script>  <script> var MP3jPLAYLISTS = []; var MP3jPLAYERS = []; </script> <script> var addthis_share = { templates: { twitter: 'Cybersecurity 2022 - {{url}}' }, url_transforms : { shorten: { twitter: 'bitly' } }, shorteners : { bitly : {} } }; </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='easy_load_more-frontend-css' href='https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/easy-load-more/assets/css/frontend.css?ver=1.0.0' type='text/css' media='none' onload='this.media="all"' /> <style id='easy_load_more-frontend-inline-css' type='text/css'> .elm-button { background: #009FDA; color: #FFFFFF; } .elm-button:hover, .elm-button:active, .elm-button:focus { background: #33b2e1; } .elm-loading-icon { fill: #FFFFFF; stroke: #FFFFFF; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sb_instagram_styles-css' href='https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed-pro/css/sb-instagram.css?ver=4.0.6' type='text/css' media='none' onload='this.media="all"' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wordpress-popular-posts-css-css' href='https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-popular-posts/assets/css/wpp.css?ver=7.1.0' type='text/css' media='none' onload='this.media="all"' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ieee-style-css' href='https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/wp_IEEE_v2/style.css?ver=9399867ce1de053ba3582685f4dea188' type='text/css' media='none' onload='this.media="all"' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ieee-styles-css' href='https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/wp_IEEE_v2/css/site.min.css?ver=1732260499' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ieee-ionicons-css' href='https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/wp_IEEE_v2/css/ionicons.css?ver=1732260499' type='text/css' media='none' onload='this.media="all"' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fancybox-css' href='https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/easy-fancybox/fancybox/1.5.4/jquery.fancybox.min.css?ver=9399867ce1de053ba3582685f4dea188' type='text/css' media='none' onload='this.media="screen"' /> <style id='fancybox-inline-css' type='text/css'> #fancybox-content{border-color:#ffffff;}#fancybox-title,#fancybox-title-float-main{color:#fff} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cyber-security-2022-css' href='https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/wp_IEEE_v2/css/microsites/cyber-security-2022.min.css?ver=1732260499' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mp3-jplayer-css' href='https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/mp3-jplayer/css/dark.css?ver=2.7.3' type='text/css' media='none' onload='this.media="all"' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpss-style-css' href='https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-simple-survey/assets/build/css/wpss-pkg.css?ver=9399867ce1de053ba3582685f4dea188' type='text/css' media='none' onload='this.media="all"' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpss-custom-db-style-css' href='https://transmitter.ieee.org/?wpss-routing=custom-css&ver=9399867ce1de053ba3582685f4dea188' type='text/css' media='none' onload='this.media="all"' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/wp_IEEE_v2/js/libs.min.js?ver=1732260503" id="ieee-libs-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/wp_IEEE_v2/js/site.min.js?ver=1732260503" id="ieee-site-js"></script> <script type="module" defer='defer' src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/wp_IEEE_v2/ieee-cyber-security-2022/js/gsap/index.js?ver=1732260500"></script><script type="module" defer='defer' src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/wp_IEEE_v2/ieee-cyber-security-2022/js/DrawSVGPlugin.js?ver=1732260500"></script><script type="module" defer='defer' src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/wp_IEEE_v2/ieee-cyber-security-2022/js/animations.js?ver=1732260500"></script><script type="module" defer='defer' src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/wp_IEEE_v2/ieee-cyber-security-2022/js/main.js?ver=1732260500"></script><script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-simple-survey/assets/build/js/wpss-pkg.js?ver=3.0.0" id="wpss-pkg-js"></script> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://transmitter.ieee.org/?p=15179' /> <style id="wpp-loading-animation-styles">@-webkit-keyframes bgslide{from{background-position-x:0}to{background-position-x:-200%}}@keyframes bgslide{from{background-position-x:0}to{background-position-x:-200%}}.wpp-widget-block-placeholder,.wpp-shortcode-placeholder{margin:0 auto;width:60px;height:3px;background:#dd3737;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#dd3737 0%,#571313 10%,#dd3737 100%);background-size:200% auto;border-radius:3px;-webkit-animation:bgslide 1s infinite linear;animation:bgslide 1s infinite linear}</style> <script> if (typeof __gaTracker == 'undefined') { (function (i, s, o, g, r, a, m) { i['GoogleAnalyticsObject'] = r; i[r] = i[r] || function () { (i[r].q = i[r].q || []).push(arguments) }, i[r].l = 1 * new Date(); a = s.createElement(o), m = s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0]; a.async = 1; a.src = g; m.parentNode.insertBefore(a, m) })(window, document, 'script', 'https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js', 'ga'); if (ga && !window.ga) { window.ga = ga; } ga('create', 'UA-65663325-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); } </script> <style> .parallax-window { min-height: 400px; background: transparent; } </style> </head> <body class="page-template page-template-ieee-cyber-security-2022 page-template-page page-template-ieee-cyber-security-2022page-php page page-id-15179 navigation-2023" >  <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-T7JRHVG" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>   <div class="main-container">  <div class="page-wrap ">  <header class="site-header nav-2021">  <div class="top-bar">  <div class="mobile-nav"> <a href="#" class="button"><i class="fa fa-navicon"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">Open Navigation</span></a> </div> <p class="util-links"> <a href="http://www.ieee.org/" target="_blank">IEEE.org</a> <a href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/" target="_blank">IEEE <em>Xplore</em> Digital Library</a> <a href="http://standards.ieee.org/" target="_blank">IEEE Standards</a> <a href="http://spectrum.ieee.org/" target="_blank">IEEE Spectrum</a> <a href="http://www.ieee.org/sitemap.html" target="_blank">More Sites</a> </p> <p class="top-social"> <a href="http://www.ieee.org/" class="mobile-pad"><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/wp_IEEE_v2/images/ieee-logo-white.png" width="118" height="35" alt="IEEE Transmitter"/></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/IEEE.org/"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">Facebook</span></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/ieeeorg"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">Twitter</span></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ieeeorg/?hl=en"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">Instagram</span></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ieee"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">LinkedIn</span> </a> </p>  <div class="main-search-area"> <a href="#" class="src-btn"><i class="fa fa-search"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">Open Search</span></a> </div> </div>   <div class="navigation">  <div class="mobile-nav"><a href="#" class="button"><i class="fa fa-navicon"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">Open Navigation</span></a></div>  <div class="logo"><a href="/"><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/wp_IEEE_v2/images/logo-2017.svg" width="342" height="30" alt="IEEE Transmitter"/></a></div>  <div class="social"> <a href="http://www.ieee.org/"><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/wp_IEEE_v2/images/ieee-logo.png" width="118" height="35" alt="IEEE Transmitter"/></a> </div>  <form action="/" class="main-search" reposition-element-large-appendTo=".navigation .main-search-area" reposition-element-medium-insertBefore=".navigation .main-search-area" reposition-element-small-insertBefore=".navigation .main-search-area" reposition-element> <label for="search" class="screen-reader-text">Site Search</label> <input name="s" placeholder="Search" id="search" type="text"> <input class="submit" value="&#xf00d" type="button"> </form> <div class="main-search-area"> <ul id="menu-main" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-13608" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13608"><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/category/artificial-intelligence-ai/">Artificial Intelligence</a></li> <li id="menu-item-16103" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-16103"><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/category/green-technology/">Green Tech</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13609" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13609"><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/category/infrastructure/">Infrastructure</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13618" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13618"><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/category/networked-devices/">Networked Devices</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13611" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13611"><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/category/stem/">STEM</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13619" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13619"><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/category/travel-technology/">Travel Technology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13613" class="creators-nav menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13613"><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/impact-creators/">Impact Creators</a></li> </ul> <a href="#" class="src-btn"><i class="fa fa-search"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">Open Search</span></a> </div> </div> </header> <section class="content ieee-cybersecurity-2022" style="visibility: inherit; opacity: 1;"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="blurb"> <h1>CYBERSECURITY FOR LIFE-CHANGING INNOVATIONS</h1> <p>Technological advancements are transforming what once seemed impossible into reality. But broader use of these life-changing technologies in the next decade can bring new security risks. </p> <p class="note"><strong>Click a topic to begin learning how engineers and technologists are securing the future</strong></p> </div> <div class="page-navigation top-left"> <a href="#reveal-metaverse" data-slide="left"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/metaverse-bubble.svg" id="button-top-left"/> </a> </div> <div class="lines top-left"> <div> <svg id="top-left" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 538 261.2"> <defs> <style>.cls-1{stroke:#d2222a;}.cls-1,.cls-2,.cls-3,.cls-4{fill:none;stroke-width:6px;}.cls-2{stroke:#00aeef;}.cls-5{fill:#00aeef;}.cls-3{stroke:#ec008c;}.cls-6{fill:#fff200;}.cls-4{stroke:#fff200;}.cls-7{fill:#ec008c;}.cls-8{fill:#d2222a;}</style> </defs> <path id="line-red-tl" class="cls-1 line" d="M7.1,6.8V254.8H284.7"/> <circle id="bullet-red-tl" class="cls-8 bullet" data-line="line-red-tl" cx="6.8" cy="6.8" r="6.8"/> <path id="line-yellow-tl" class="cls-4 line" d="M18.1,6.8V243.8H460.7"/> <circle id="bullet-yellow-tl" class="cls-6 bullet" data-line="line-yellow-tl" cx="17.8" cy="6.8" r="6.8"/> <path id="line-blue-tl" class="cls-2 line" d="M29.1,6.8V232.8h502.6"/> <circle id="bullet-blue-tl" class="cls-5 bullet" data-line="line-blue-tl" cx="28.8" cy="6.8" r="6.8"/> <path id="line-purple-tl" class="cls-3 line" d="M40.1,6.8V221.8H407.7"/> <circle id="bullet-purple-tl" class="cls-7 bullet" data-line="line-purple-tl" cx="39.8" cy="6.8" r="6.8"/> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="page-navigation top-right"> <a href="#reveal-autonomous-vehicles" data-slide="right"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/autonomous-vehicles-bubble.svg" id="button-top-right"/> </a> </div> <div class="lines top-right"> <div> <svg id="top-right" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 538 261.2"> <defs> <style>.cls-1{stroke:#d2222a;}.cls-1,.cls-2,.cls-3,.cls-4{fill:none;stroke-width:6px;}.cls-2{stroke:#00aeef;}.cls-5{fill:#00aeef;}.cls-3{stroke:#ec008c;}.cls-6{fill:#fff200;}.cls-4{stroke:#fff200;}.cls-7{fill:#ec008c;}.cls-8{fill:#d2222a;}</style> </defs> <path id="line-red-tr" class="cls-1 line" d="M7.1,6.8V254.8H284.7"/> <circle id="bullet-red-tr" class="cls-8 bullet" data-line="line-red-tr" cx="6.8" cy="6.8" r="6.8"/> <path id="line-yellow-tr" class="cls-4 line" d="M18.1,6.8V243.8H460.7"/> <circle id="bullet-yellow-tr" class="cls-6 bullet" data-line="line-yellow-tr" cx="17.8" cy="6.8" r="6.8"/> <path id="line-blue-tr" class="cls-2 line" d="M29.1,6.8V232.8h502.6"/> <circle id="bullet-blue-tr" class="cls-5 bullet" data-line="line-blue-tr" cx="28.8" cy="6.8" r="6.8"/> <path id="line-purple-tr" class="cls-3 line" d="M40.1,6.8V221.8H407.7"/> <circle id="bullet-purple-tr" class="cls-7 bullet" data-line="line-purple-tr" cx="39.8" cy="6.8" r="6.8"/> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="page-navigation bottom-left"> <a href="#reveal-wearables-implantables" data-slide="left"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/wearables-implantables-bubble.svg" id="button-bottom-left"/> </a> </div> <div class="lines bottom-left"> <div> <svg id="bottom-left" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 538 261.2"> <defs> <style>.cls-1{stroke:#d2222a;}.cls-1,.cls-2,.cls-3,.cls-4{fill:none;stroke-width:6px;}.cls-2{stroke:#00aeef;}.cls-5{fill:#00aeef;}.cls-3{stroke:#ec008c;}.cls-6{fill:#fff200;}.cls-4{stroke:#fff200;}.cls-7{fill:#ec008c;}.cls-8{fill:#d2222a;}</style> </defs> <path id="line-red-bl" class="cls-1 line" d="M7.1,6.8V254.8H284.7"/> <circle id="bullet-red-bl" class="cls-8 bullet" data-line="line-red-bl" cx="6.8" cy="6.8" r="6.8"/> <path id="line-yellow-bl" class="cls-4 line" d="M18.1,6.8V243.8H460.7"/> <circle id="bullet-yellow-bl" class="cls-6 bullet" data-line="line-yellow-bl" cx="17.8" cy="6.8" r="6.8"/> <path id="line-blue-bl" class="cls-2 line" d="M29.1,6.8V232.8h502.6"/> <circle id="bullet-blue-bl" class="cls-5 bullet" data-line="line-blue-bl" cx="28.8" cy="6.8" r="6.8"/> <path id="line-purple-bl" class="cls-3 line" d="M40.1,6.8V221.8H407.7"/> <circle id="bullet-purple-bl" class="cls-7 bullet" data-line="line-purple-bl" cx="39.8" cy="6.8" r="6.8"/> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="page-navigation bottom-right"> <a href="#reveal-quantum-computing" data-slide="right"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/quantum-computing-bubble.svg" id="button-bottom-right"/> </a> </div> <div class="lines bottom-right"> <div> <svg id="bottom-right" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 538 261.2"> <defs> <style>.cls-1{stroke:#d2222a;}.cls-1,.cls-2,.cls-3,.cls-4{fill:none;stroke-width:6px;}.cls-2{stroke:#00aeef;}.cls-5{fill:#00aeef;}.cls-3{stroke:#ec008c;}.cls-6{fill:#fff200;}.cls-4{stroke:#fff200;}.cls-7{fill:#ec008c;}.cls-8{fill:#d2222a;}</style> </defs> <path id="line-red-br" class="cls-1 line" d="M7.1,6.8V254.8H284.7"/> <circle id="bullet-red-br" class="cls-8 bullet" data-line="line-red-br" cx="6.8" cy="6.8" r="6.8"/> <path id="line-yellow-br" class="cls-4 line" d="M18.1,6.8V243.8H460.7"/> <circle id="bullet-yellow-br" class="cls-6 bullet" data-line="line-yellow-br" cx="17.8" cy="6.8" r="6.8"/> <path id="line-blue-br" class="cls-2 line" d="M29.1,6.8V232.8h502.6"/> <circle id="bullet-blue-br" class="cls-5 bullet" data-line="line-blue-br" cx="28.8" cy="6.8" r="6.8"/> <path id="line-purple-br" class="cls-3 line" d="M40.1,6.8V221.8H407.7"/> <circle id="bullet-purple-br" class="cls-7 bullet" data-line="line-purple-br" cx="39.8" cy="6.8" r="6.8"/> </svg> </div> </div> </div> <style> .bullet { opacity: 0 } .line { opacity: 0 } </style> <div class="slide-box left"> <div id="reveal-metaverse" class="reveal-content"> <div class="bio-img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/download-1.jpg')"></div> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/metaverse-security-new-technologies-and-applications-require-novel-solutions/"><h2>The Metaverse: An immersive environment with real-world protection concerns</h2></a> <p>The metaverse has the potential to fundamentally change how we connect with one another. But the immersive technologies underpinning what may be regarded as the next iteration of the Internet could be vulnerable.</p> <p><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/metaverse-security-new-technologies-and-applications-require-novel-solutions/" class="button is-style-video" target="_blank">Watch IEEE Senior Member Kayne McGladrey on Metaverse Security: New Technologies and Applications Require Novel Solutions</a></p> </div> <div id="reveal-wearables-implantables" class="reveal-content"> <div class="bio-img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Shally-Gupta-1-e1622752989451-300x300.jpeg')"></div> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/from-pacemakers-to-infusion-pumps-medical-implants-require-new-cybersecurity-solutions/"><h2>How heartbeats and biological signals could form cryptographic keys</h2></a> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Implantable medical devices can change the lives of their users. But they are vulnerable to attack. Researchers are focused on using the body鈥檚 own data as the beginnings of a cryptographic key to secure these devices. </span></p> <p><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/from-pacemakers-to-infusion-pumps-medical-implants-require-new-cybersecurity-solutions/" class="button is-style-video" target="_blank">Watch IEEE Graduate Student Member Shally Gupta on Medical Implants Require New Cybersecurity Solutions</a></p> </div> <a href="#" class="close"><i class="fa fa-close"></i></a> </div> <div class="slide-box right"> <div id="reveal-autonomous-vehicles" class="reveal-content"> <div class="bio-img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Guoliang-Xing-300x300.jpg')"></div> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/autonomous-vehicles-cyber-physical-risk-on-a-massive-scale/"><h2>Autonomous Vehicles: Risk on a massive mobile scale</h2></a> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cyber-physical risk is continually found in industrial systems. But widespread breaches of autonomous vehicles may be how cyber-physical risk affects moving consumer technology in new ways.</span></p> <p><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/autonomous-vehicles-cyber-physical-risk-on-a-massive-scale/" class="button is-style-video" target="_blank">Watch IEEE Fellow Guoliang Xing on Autonomous Vehicles: Cyber-Physical Risk on a Massive Scale</a></p> </div> <div id="reveal-quantum-computing" class="reveal-content"> <div class="bio-img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Kevin-Curran-300x300.jpg')"></div> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/yes-quantum-computers-are-coming-what-does-that-mean-for-cybersecurity/"><h2>Quantum Computing: Solving the once unsolvable, with new risks </h2></a> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Quantum computing may usher in a new era of life-changing discovery in multiple fields such as vaccine and drug development. But it may also be used to break some of the world鈥檚 common encryption systems, challenging the tech community to evolve rapidly.聽</span></p> <p><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/yes-quantum-computers-are-coming-what-does-that-mean-for-cybersecurity/" class="button is-style-video" target="_blank">Watch IEEE Senior Member Kevin Curran on Yes, Quantum Computers Are Coming. What Does That Mean for Cybersecurity?</a></p> </div> <a href="#" class="close"><i class="fa fa-close"></i></a> </div> <video poster="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/hero-bg.jpg" id="bgvideo" playsinline autoplay muted loop> <source src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/cs-2022-video-background.mp4" type="video/mp4"> <source src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/cs-2022-video-background.webm" type="video/webm"> </video> <div class="bgvideoposter" style="background-image: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/hero-bg.jpg')"> </section> </div>  <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="wrapper"> <p class="nav"> <a href="/">Home</a>  <a href="http://www.ieee.org/sitemap.html" target="_blank" >Sitemap</a> <a href="http://www.ieee.org/about/contact_center/index.html" target="_blank" >Contact & Support</a> <a href="http://www.ieee.org/accessibility_statement.html" target="_blank" >Accessibility</a> <a href="http://www.ieee.org/p9-26.html" target="_blank" >Nondiscrimination</a> <a href="http://www.ieee.org/security_privacy.html" target="_blank" >Policy Privacy & Opting Out of Cookies</a> <a href="http://www.ieee.org/about/feedback_ieee_site.html" target="_blank" >Feedback</a> </p> <p>© Copyright 2024 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this website signifies your agreement to the <a href="http://www.ieee.org/site_terms_conditions.html">IEEE Terms and Conditions</a>. <br />A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. </p> </div> </footer> </div>   <div class="mobile-overlayer"></div> <div class="global-mobile-nav"> <div class="global-mobile-bg"> <p class="mobile-logo"><a href="/"><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/wp_IEEE_v2/images/logo-2017.svg" width="342" height="30" alt="IEEE Transmitter" /></a></p> <form action="/"> <label for="mobile-search" class="screen-reader-text">Mobile Search</label> <input type="text" placeholder="Search" name="s" id="mobile-search" /><input type="submit" value="" /> </form> <ul id="menu-main-1" class="list"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13608"><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/category/artificial-intelligence-ai/">Artificial Intelligence</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-16103"><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/category/green-technology/">Green Tech</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13609"><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/category/infrastructure/">Infrastructure</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13618"><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/category/networked-devices/">Networked Devices</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13611"><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/category/stem/">STEM</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13619"><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/category/travel-technology/">Travel Technology</a></li> <li class="creators-nav menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13613"><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/impact-creators/">Impact Creators</a></li> </ul> <a href="#" class="x"><i class="ion ion-close"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">Close Navigation</span></a> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var elm_button_vars = { wrapper: '.posts-list' }; </script>  <script type="module"> var sbiajaxurl = "https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"; </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/easy-load-more/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=1.0.0" id="easy_load_more-frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-includes/js/underscore.min.js?ver=1.13.4" id="underscore-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-includes/js/backbone.min.js?ver=1.5.0" id="backbone-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/easy-fancybox/vendor/purify.min.js?ver=9399867ce1de053ba3582685f4dea188" id="fancybox-purify-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/easy-fancybox/fancybox/1.5.4/jquery.fancybox.min.js?ver=9399867ce1de053ba3582685f4dea188" id="jquery-fancybox-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jquery-fancybox-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var fb_timeout, fb_opts={'autoScale':true,'showCloseButton':true,'width':560,'height':340,'margin':20,'pixelRatio':'false','padding':10,'centerOnScroll':false,'enableEscapeButton':true,'speedIn':300,'speedOut':300,'overlayShow':true,'hideOnOverlayClick':true,'overlayColor':'#000','overlayOpacity':0.6,'minViewportWidth':320,'minVpHeight':320,'disableCoreLightbox':'true','enableBlockControls':'true','fancybox_openBlockControls':'true' }; if(typeof easy_fancybox_handler==='undefined'){ var easy_fancybox_handler=function(){ jQuery([".nolightbox","a.wp-block-file__button","a.pin-it-button","a[href*='pinterest.com\/pin\/create']","a[href*='facebook.com\/share']","a[href*='twitter.com\/share']"].join(',')).addClass('nofancybox'); jQuery('a.fancybox-close').on('click',function(e){e.preventDefault();jQuery.fancybox.close()}); /* YouTube */ jQuery('a.fancybox-youtube,area.fancybox-youtube,.fancybox-youtube>a').each(function(){jQuery(this).fancybox(jQuery.extend(true,{},fb_opts,{'type':'iframe','width':1200,'height':675,'padding':0,'keepRatio':1,'aspectRatio':1,'titleShow':false,'titlePosition':'float','titleFromAlt':true,'onStart':function(a,i,o){var splitOn=a[i].href.indexOf("?");var urlParms=(splitOn>-1)?a[i].href.substring(splitOn):"";o.allowfullscreen=(urlParms.indexOf("fs=0")>-1)?false:true;o.href=a[i].href.replace(/https?:\/\/(?:www\.)?youtu(?:\.be\/([^\?]+)\??|be\.com\/watch\?(.*(?=v=))v=([^&]+))(.*)/gi,"https://www.youtube.com/embed/$1$3?$2$4&autoplay=1");}}))}); /* Vimeo */ jQuery('a.fancybox-vimeo,area.fancybox-vimeo,.fancybox-vimeo>a').each(function(){jQuery(this).fancybox(jQuery.extend(true,{},fb_opts,{'type':'iframe','width':1200,'height':675,'padding':0,'keepRatio':1,'aspectRatio':1,'titleShow':false,'titlePosition':'float','titleFromAlt':true,'onStart':function(a,i,o){var splitOn=a[i].href.indexOf("?");var urlParms=(splitOn>-1)?a[i].href.substring(splitOn):"";o.allowfullscreen=(urlParms.indexOf("fullscreen=0")>-1)?false:true;o.href=a[i].href.replace(/https?:\/\/(?:www\.)?vimeo\.com\/([0-9]+)\??(.*)/gi,"https://player.vimeo.com/video/$1?$2&autoplay=1");}}))}); };}; jQuery(easy_fancybox_handler);jQuery(document).on('post-load',easy_fancybox_handler); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/easy-fancybox/vendor/jquery.mousewheel.min.js?ver=3.1.13" id="jquery-mousewheel-js"></script> <script type="module"> var elm_button_vars = { wrapper: '.posts-list' }; </script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Assistant:400,700&display=swap" type='text/css' media="none" onload="this.media='all'" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Quicksand:400,700&display=swap" type='text/css' media="none" onload="this.media='all'" rel="stylesheet"> <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro%3A400%2C600%2C700%2C900%7CRajdhani%3A400%2C600%2C700&ver=5.5.3&display=swap' type='text/css' media="none" onload="this.media='all'" rel='stylesheet' /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/cookieconsent2/3.0.3/cookieconsent.min.css" /> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"054b97878e","applicationID":"19376273","transactionName":"NVdaNRRUDxAAUURYWQwdeQISXA4NTkJRVlM=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":824,"atts":"GRBZQ1xOHB4=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Cybersecurity 2022 - IEEE Transmitter