CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Appendix:Malay pronunciation - Wiktionary, the free dictionary</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwiktionarymwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"49424cb8-8644-4450-8240-52e431ea6895","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Appendix","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":100,"wgPageName":"Appendix:Malay_pronunciation","wgTitle":"Malay pronunciation","wgCurRevisionId":82618107,"wgRevisionId":82618107,"wgArticleId":4222509,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null, "wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Malay appendices","Pronunciation by language"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Appendix:Malay_pronunciation","wgRelevantArticleId":4222509,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wiktionary","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":9000,"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":true,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":false,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false, "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"]};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.LanguagesAndScripts":"ready","ext.gadget.Palette":"ready","ext.gadget.Site":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","codex-search-styles":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.legacy.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.LegacyScripts","ext.gadget.RevdelInfo","ext.gadget.PagePreviews","ext.gadget.Edittools","ext.gadget.defaultVisibilityToggles","ext.gadget.UnsupportedTitles","ext.gadget.WiktGadgetPrefs", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.compactlinks","ext.uls.interface","ext.checkUser.clientHints"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=codex-search-styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.LanguagesAndScripts%2CPalette%2CSite&only=styles&skin=vector"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Wiktionary"> <meta property="og:title" content="Appendix:Malay pronunciation - Wiktionary, the free dictionary"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Malay_pronunciation"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Malay_pronunciation&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wiktionary/en.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wiktionary/en.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wiktionary (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wiktionary.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Malay_pronunciation"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wiktionary Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin-vector-legacy mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-100 ns-subject mw-editable page-Appendix_Malay_pronunciation rootpage-Appendix_Malay_pronunciation skin-vector action-view"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Appendix</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Malay pronunciation</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wiktionary, the free dictionary</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>The charts below show the way in which the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="extiw" title="w:International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a> represents <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_language" class="extiw" title="w:Malay language">Malay</a> pronunciations in Wiktionary entries. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wiktionary entries, see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:IPA" class="extiw" title="w:Template:IPA">Template:IPA</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation#Entering_IPA_characters" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters</a>. </p><p>See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_phonology" class="extiw" title="w:Malay phonology">Malay phonology</a> at Wikipedia for a more thorough look at the sounds of Malay. </p> <table style="background:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant" class="extiw" title="w:Consonant">Consonants</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Examples</th> <th>English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiced_bilabial_plosive" class="extiw" title="w:voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>b</b>ola<sup id="cite_ref-stop_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left">re<b>b</b>ut </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="extiw" title="w:voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>d</b>ari<sup id="cite_ref-stop_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left">ca<b>d</b>ence </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiced_postalveolar_affricate" class="extiw" title="w:voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>j</b>ari </td> <td align="left">a<b>j</b>ar </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_labiodental_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>f</b>ikir, <b>v</b>isa<sup id="cite_ref-loan_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left"><b>f</b>estival </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiced_velar_plosive" class="extiw" title="w:voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>g</b>alah<sup id="cite_ref-glottal_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glottal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left">a<b>g</b>ain </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_glottal_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>h</b>abis, toko<b>h</b> </td> <td align="left"><b>h</b>at </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/palatal_approximant" class="extiw" title="w:palatal approximant">j</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>y</b>akin, ka<b>y</b>a </td> <td align="left"><b>y</b>es </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_velar_plosive" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>k</b>alah<sup id="cite_ref-stop_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-glottal_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glottal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left">s<b>k</b>y </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="extiw" title="w:alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>l</b>ama </td> <td align="left"><b>l</b>ean </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bilabial_nasal" class="extiw" title="w:bilabial nasal">m</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>m</b>akan </td> <td align="left"><b>m</b>oon </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/alveolar_nasal" class="extiw" title="w:alveolar nasal">n</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>n</b>akal </td> <td align="left"><b>n</b>ote </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/velar_nasal" class="extiw" title="w:velar nasal">ŋ</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>ng</b>arai </td> <td align="left">feeli<b>ng</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/palatal_nasal" class="extiw" title="w:palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>ny</b>aman </td> <td align="left">ca<b>ny</b>on </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_bilabial_plosive" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>p</b>ola<sup id="cite_ref-stop_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left">s<b>p</b>y </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/alveolar_trill" class="extiw" title="w:alveolar trill">r</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>r</b>aja, da<b>r</b>i, pasa<b>r</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left"><i>Spanish</i> <b>r</b>ío<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_alveolar_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>s</b>aya </td> <td align="left"><b>s</b>ix </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>sy</b>ak<sup id="cite_ref-loan_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left"><b>sh</b>oe </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>t</b>ari<sup id="cite_ref-stop_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left">s<b>t</b>y </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>c</b>ari </td> <td align="left">it<b>ch</b>y </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiced_labiodental_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>v</b>isa<sup id="cite_ref-loan_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left"><b>v</b>ision </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiced_labio-velar_approximant" class="extiw" title="w:voiced labio-velar approximant">w</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>w</b>aktu, Ja<b>w</b>a </td> <td align="left"><b>w</b>e </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiceless_velar_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>kh</b>as<sup id="cite_ref-loan_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left"><i>Scottish</i> lo<b>ch</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiced_alveolar_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>z</b>aman<sup id="cite_ref-loan_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left"><b>z</b>ero </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/glottal_stop" class="extiw" title="w:glottal stop">ʔ</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left">bapa<b>k</b>, ra<b>k</b>yat<sup id="cite_ref-stop_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-glottal_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glottal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left">uh<u><b>-</b></u>oh </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel" class="extiw" title="w:Vowel">Vowels</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Examples</th> <th>English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/open_central_unrounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:open central unrounded vowel">a</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>a</b>j<b>a</b>r, buk<b>a</b><sup id="cite_ref-final_a_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-final_a-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left">f<b>a</b>ther </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left">s<b>e</b>rong, bol<b>e</b>h, pil<b>i</b>h, yak<b>i</b>n, kir<b>i</b>m<sup id="cite_ref-diphthong_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diphthong-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left">cl<b>ay</b><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left">p<b>e</b>k,<sup id="cite_ref-foreignVowel_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foreignVowel-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> t<b>e</b>h </td> <td align="left">f<b>e</b>stival </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/close_front_unrounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left">b<b>i</b>la, <b>i</b>n<b>i</b> </td> <td align="left">s<b>ee</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left">r<b>o</b>da, t<b>o</b>k<b>o</b>, tuj<b>u</b>h, rump<b>u</b>t<sup id="cite_ref-diphthong_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diphthong-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left">s<b>o</b>le<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left">k<b>o</b>s<sup id="cite_ref-foreignVowel_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foreignVowel-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left"><b>o</b>ff </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/close_back_rounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:close back rounded vowel">u</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>u</b>pah, bar<b>u</b> </td> <td align="left">c<b>oo</b>l </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mid_central_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:mid central vowel">ə</a></span></big> </td> <td align="left">g<b>e</b>lak, buk<b>a</b><sup id="cite_ref-final_a_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-final_a-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left"><b>a</b>bout </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphthong" class="extiw" title="w:Diphthong">Diphthongs</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Examples</th> <th>English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <td><big>au</big> </td> <td align="left">kal<b>au</b><sup id="cite_ref-diphthong_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diphthong-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left">h<b>ow</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big>ai</big> </td> <td align="left">cap<b>ai</b><sup id="cite_ref-diphthong_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diphthong-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left">b<b>ye</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big>oi</big> </td> <td align="left">cak<b>oi</b> </td> <td align="left">b<b>oy</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big>ei</big> </td> <td align="left">M<b>ei</b><sup id="cite_ref-FACE_vowel_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FACE_vowel-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left">surv<b>ey</b> (uncommon) </td></tr> <tr> <td><big>ui</big> </td> <td align="left">fengs<b>ui</b> </td> <td align="left"><i>British</i> r<b>ui</b>n (uncommon) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Other symbols </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Explanation </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/stress_(linguistics)" class="extiw" title="w:stress (linguistics)">ˈ</a></span></big> </td> <td>Primary stress<br />Placed before the stressed syllable<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Malay_pronunciation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79053813">.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-lower-alpha ol{list-style:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-upper-alpha ol{list-style:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-lower-roman ol{list-style:lower-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-upper-roman ol{list-style:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-lower-greek ol{list-style:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-disc ol{list-style:disc}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-square ol{list-style:square}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-none ol{list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .reflist.nobacklinks .mw-cite-backlink,.mw-parser-output .reflist.nobacklinks li>a{display:none}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-xx-small ol{font-size:xx-small}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-x-small ol{font-size:x-small}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-smaller ol{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-small ol{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-medium ol{font-size:medium}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-large ol{font-size:large}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-larger ol{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-x-large ol{font-size:x-large}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-xx-large ol{font-size:xx-large}.mw-parser-output .reflist[data-column-count="2"] .mw-references-wrap{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist[data-column-count="3"] .mw-references-wrap{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist[data-column-count="4"] .mw-references-wrap{column-count:4}.mw-parser-output .reflist[data-column-count="5"] .mw-references-wrap{column-count:5}</style><div class="reflist"></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-stop-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-stop_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-stop_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-stop_1-2">1.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-stop_1-3">1.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-stop_1-4">1.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-stop_1-5">1.5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">/p/, /t/, /k/ are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/aspiration_(phonetics)" class="extiw" title="w:aspiration (phonetics)">unaspirated</a>, as in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romance_languages" class="extiw" title="w:Romance languages">Romance languages</a>, or as in English <i>spy, sty, sky.</i> In final position, they are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/unreleased_stop" class="extiw" title="w:unreleased stop">unreleased</a> [p̚, t̪̚, ʔ̚], with final <i>k</i> being a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/glottal_stop" class="extiw" title="w:glottal stop">glottal stop</a>. Word-finally, /b, d, ɡ/ do not occur phonemically but orthographically in certain loanwords where they are pronounced [p̚, t̪̚, k̚]. There is no <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaison_(French)" class="extiw" title="w:Liaison (French)">liaison</a>: they remain unreleased even when followed by a vowel, as in <i>kulit ubi</i> "potato skins", though they are pronounced as a normal medial consonant when followed by a suffix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-loan-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-loan_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-loan_2-1">2.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-loan_2-2">2.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-loan_2-3">2.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-loan_2-4">2.4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">The fricatives [f, z, ʃ, x] are found in loanwords only.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-glottal-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-glottal_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-glottal_3-1">3.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-glottal_3-2">3.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">The glottal stop [ʔ] is an allophone of /k/ and /ɡ/ in the coda: <i>baik</i>, <i>bapak</i>. It is also used between identical vowels in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiatus_(linguistics)" class="extiw" title="w:Hiatus (linguistics)">hiatus</a>. Only a few words have this sound in the middle, e.g. <i>bakso</i> (meatballs) and <i>rakyat</i> (alternative word of 'people' or 'society'). It may be represented by an apostrophe in Arabic derived words such as <i>Al Qur'an</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text">In Johor-Riau Malay, the more widely used standard variety of Malay in Malaysia, /r/ in the syllable coda is omitted (although it may be retained in formal speech).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text">In traditional Malay areas, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/rhotic_consonant" class="extiw" title="w:rhotic consonant">rhotic consonant</a> /r/ is realized as a velar or uvular fricative, [<span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiced_velar_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span>] or [<span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voiced_uvular_fricative" class="extiw" title="w:voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a></span>], and elided word-finally. Elsewhere, it is an alveolar tap [<span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/alveolar_tap" class="extiw" title="w:alveolar tap">ɾ</a></span>], trill [<span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/alveolar_trill" class="extiw" title="w:alveolar trill">r</a></span>] or approximant [<span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/alveolar_approximant" class="extiw" title="w:alveolar approximant">ɹ</a></span>]. Its position relative to schwa is ambiguous: <i>kertas</i> "paper" may be pronounced [krəˈtas] or [kərəˈtas].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-final_a-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-final_a_6-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-final_a_6-1">6.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">In Johor-Riau Malay, word-final /a/ is pronounced as [<span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mid_central_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:mid central vowel">ə</a></span>].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text">[<span class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/open_back_unrounded_vowel" class="extiw" title="w:open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></span>] is an occasional allophone of /a/ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_phonology#Vowels" class="extiw" title="w:Arabic phonology">after or before more carefully pronounced consonant from Arabic loanwords</a>, example: <i>qari</i> [qɑri].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-diphthong-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-diphthong_8-0">8.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-diphthong_8-1">8.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-diphthong_8-2">8.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-diphthong_8-3">8.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">[e, o] are <a href="/wiki/allophone" title="allophone">allophones</a> of /i, u/ in native words in closed final syllables, but have become established as distinct phonemes in English and Javanese loanwords. The diphthongs /ai, au/, which only occur in open syllables, are often merged into [e, o], respectively, especially in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betawi_Malay" class="extiw" title="w:Betawi Malay">Java</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text">The Malay /e/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of <i>clay</i> (for most English dialects) and the vowel of <i>get</i>. The Malay vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-foreignVowel-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-foreignVowel_10-0">10.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-foreignVowel_10-1">10.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Some words borrowed from European languages have the vowels [ɛ] and [ɔ], such as pek [pɛk] ('pack') and kos [kɔs] ('cost'). Words borrowed earlier have a more nativized pronunciation, such as pesta ('fest'), which is pronounced [pestə]..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text">The Malay /o/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of <i>s<b>o</b>le</i> (for most English dialects) and the vowel of <i>r<b>aw</b></i> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_English" class="extiw" title="w:Australian English">Australian English</a>. The Malay vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FACE_vowel-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FACE_vowel_12-0"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text">Instances of [ei] are typically realized simply as [e].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text">Stress generally falls on the <a href="/wiki/penult" title="penult">penultimate</a> syllable. If that syllable contains a schwa [ə], stress shifts to the <a href="/wiki/antepenult" title="antepenult">antepenult</a> if there is one, and to the final syllable if there is not. Some suffixes are ignored for stress placement.</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Malay_pronunciation&oldid=82618107">https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Malay_pronunciation&oldid=82618107</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Malay_appendices" title="Category:Malay appendices">Malay appendices</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pronunciation_by_language" title="Category:Pronunciation by language">Pronunciation by language</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Personal tools</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anonuserpage" class="mw-list-item"><span title="The user page for the IP address you are editing as">Not logged in</span></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Appendix%3AMalay+pronunciation" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Appendix%3AMalay+pronunciation" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav id="p-namespaces" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-namespaces vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" > <h3 id="p-namespaces-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Namespaces</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-appendix" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Malay_pronunciation" title="View the subject page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Appendix</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Appendix_talk:Malay_pronunciation" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-variants" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-variants-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <label id="p-variants-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <nav id="p-views" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-views vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" > <h3 id="p-views-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Views</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Malay_pronunciation"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Malay_pronunciation&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Malay_pronunciation&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>History</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-cactions" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-cactions-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-cactions" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" > <label id="p-cactions-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">More</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <h3 >Search</h3> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="vector-search-box-form"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="vector-search-box-inner" data-search-loc="header-navigation"> <input class="vector-search-box-input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wiktionary" aria-label="Search Wiktionary" autocapitalize="none" title="Search Wiktionary [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> <input id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton" type="submit" name="fulltext" title="Search the pages for this text" value="Search"> <input id="searchButton" class="searchButton" type="submit" name="go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" value="Go"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel" class="vector-legacy-sidebar"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"> <a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Main_Page" title="Visit the main page"></a> </div> <nav id="p-navigation" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label" > <h3 id="p-navigation-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Navigation</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-text" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Main_Page"><span>Main Page</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Community_portal" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-requestedarticles" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Requested_entries"><span>Requested entries</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random page [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random entry</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Help:Contents" title="The place to find out"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-Glossary" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary"><span>Glossary</span></a></li><li id="n-sitesupport" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wiktionary.org&uselang=en" title="Support us"><span>Donations</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Contact_us"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-tb" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label" > <h3 id="p-tb-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Tools</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Appendix:Malay_pronunciation" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Appendix:Malay_pronunciation" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=en" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Malay_pronunciation&oldid=82618107" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Malay_pronunciation&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wiktionary.org%2Fwiki%2FAppendix%3AMalay_pronunciation"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wiktionary.org%2Fwiki%2FAppendix%3AMalay_pronunciation"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-coll-print_export" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-coll-print_export-label" > <h3 id="p-coll-print_export-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Print/export</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Appendix%3AMalay+pronunciation"><span>Create a book</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Appendix%3AMalay_pronunciation&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Malay_pronunciation&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In other projects</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In other languages</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:NewItem?site=enwiktionary&page=Appendix%3AMalay+pronunciation" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 November 2024, at 09:49.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Definitions and other text are available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy Policy.</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:About">About Wiktionary</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wiktionary.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Malay_pronunciation&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("This page is using the deprecated ResourceLoader module \"codex-search-styles\".\n[1.43] Use a CodexModule with codexComponents to set your specific components used: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Codex#Using_a_limited_subset_of_components");mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-697b7966c5-fgtq5","wgBackendResponseTime":93,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.158","walltime":"0.168","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8019,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":7619,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2278,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":6498,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 136.682 1 -total"," 47.22% 64.537 40 Template:IPAlink"," 43.47% 59.422 40 Template:IPAfont"," 39.32% 53.737 40 Template:IPAsym"," 21.78% 29.775 1 Template:reflist"," 3.56% 4.860 18 Template:w"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-bbfc89cdb-lds7j","timestamp":"20241111094913","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>