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id="toc-Indigenous_Victorians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indigenous_Victorians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Indigenous Victorians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indigenous_Victorians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_colonisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_colonisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>British colonisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_colonisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Batman's_treaty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Batman's_treaty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Batman's treaty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Batman's_treaty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_Victoria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_Victoria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Colonial Victoria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_Victoria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cities_and_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities_and_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Cities and towns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities_and_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rainfall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rainfall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Rainfall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rainfall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancestry_and_immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry_and_immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ancestry and immigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry_and_immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Age_structure_and_fertility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Age_structure_and_fertility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Age structure and fertility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Age_structure_and_fertility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Average_demographic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Average_demographic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Average demographic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Average_demographic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Crime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Premier_and_cabinet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premier_and_cabinet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Premier and cabinet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Premier_and_cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Governor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Constitution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Federal government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_and_secondary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_and_secondary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Primary and secondary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_and_secondary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tertiary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tertiary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Tertiary education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tertiary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Libraries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacturing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Manufacturing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacturing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Land" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Land</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Mining</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Utilities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Utilities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Utilities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Utilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sister states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Victorian_frontier_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Victorian_frontier_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Victorian frontier history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Victorian_frontier_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Victoria (state)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 122 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-122" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">122 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australi%C3%AB)" title="Victoria (Australië) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Victoria (Australië)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fictoria_(Australand)" title="Fictoria (Australand) – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Fictoria (Australand)" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_(%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="فيكتوريا (أستراليا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيكتوريا (أستراليا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Victoria (Australia)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Victoria (Australia)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoriya_(%C5%9Ftat)" title="Viktoriya (ştat) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Viktoriya (ştat)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_(%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="ویکتوریا (اوسترالیا) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویکتوریا (اوسترالیا)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Ostrali)" title="Victoria (Ostrali) – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Victoria (Ostrali)" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE)" title="ভিক্টোরিয়া (অস্ট্রেলিয়া) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভিক্টোরিয়া (অস্ট্রেলিয়া)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(%C3%92-chiu)" title="Victoria (Ò-chiu) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Victoria (Ò-chiu)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Вікторыя (штат) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вікторыя (штат)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_(%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Вікторыя (Аўстралія) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вікторыя (Аўстралія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Виктория (щат) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Виктория (щат)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australija)" title="Victoria (Australija) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Victoria (Australija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Aostralia)" title="Victoria (Aostralia) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Victoria (Aostralia)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vict%C3%B2ria_(Austr%C3%A0lia)" title="Victòria (Austràlia) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Victòria (Austràlia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Victoria" title="State of Victoria – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="State of Victoria" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Austr%C3%A1lie)" title="Victoria (Austrálie) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Victoria (Austrálie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Awstralia)" title="Victoria (Awstralia) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Victoria (Awstralia)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(delstat)" title="Victoria (delstat) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Victoria (delstat)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_(%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="ڤيكطوريا (ؤسطراليا) – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ڤيكطوريا (ؤسطراليا)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australien)" title="Victoria (Australien) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Victoria (Australien)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Austraalia)" title="Victoria (Austraalia) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Victoria (Austraalia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1_(%CE%91%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Βικτώρια (Αυστραλία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βικτώρια (Αυστραλία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Victoria (Australia)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorio_(A%C5%ADstralio)" title="Viktorio (Aŭstralio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Viktorio (Aŭstralio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Victoria (Australia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="ویکتوریا (استرالیا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکتوریا (استرالیا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia) – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Victoria (Australia)" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Avstralia)" title="Victoria (Avstralia) – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Victoria (Avstralia)" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(%C3%89tat)" title="Victoria (État) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Victoria (État)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiktoaria_(Austraalje)" title="Fiktoaria (Austraalje) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fiktoaria (Austraalje)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(An_Astr%C3%A1il)" title="Victoria (An Astráil) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Victoria (An Astráil)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(steat)" title="Victoria (steat) – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Victoria (steat)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhict%C3%B2ria,_Astr%C3%A0ilia" title="Bhictòria, Astràilia – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bhictòria, Astràilia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_Australia" title="Victoria, Australia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Victoria, Australia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Au-ch%C3%BB)" title="Victoria (Au-chû) – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Victoria (Au-chû)" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%85%ED%86%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC" title="빅토리아주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빅토리아주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%ABk%C5%8Dlia" title="Wīkōlia – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Wīkōlia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1_(%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3)" title="Վիկտորիա (նահանգ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիկտորիա (նահանգ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE)" title="विक्टोरिया (ऑस्ट्रेलिया) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विक्टोरिया (ऑस्ट्रेलिया)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australija)" title="Victoria (Australija) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Victoria (Australija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(negara_bagian)" title="Victoria (negara bagian) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Victoria (negara bagian)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8)" title="Виктори (Австрали) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Виктори (Австрали)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor%C3%ADa_(%C3%A1stralskt_fylki)" title="Viktoría (ástralskt fylki) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Viktoría (ástralskt fylki)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Victoria (Australia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_(%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94)" title="ויקטוריה (אוסטרליה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויקטוריה (אוסטרליה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_Australia" title="Victoria, Australia – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Victoria, Australia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia) – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Victoria (Australia)" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ვიქტორიას შტატი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიქტორიას შტატი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Victoria (Australia)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Виктория (штат) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Виктория (штат)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Victoria (Australia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorija_(Austr%C4%81lija)" title="Viktorija (Austrālija) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viktorija (Austrālija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australien)" title="Victoria (Australien) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Victoria (Australien)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorija_(Australija)" title="Viktorija (Australija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Viktorija (Australija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vit%C3%B6ia_(Australia)" title="Vitöia (Australia) – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Vitöia (Australia)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Victoria (Australia)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Ausztr%C3%A1lia)" title="Victoria (Ausztrália) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Victoria (Ausztrália)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Викторија (Австралија) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Викторија (Австралија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_(%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF)" title="വിക്ടോറിയ (ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിക്ടോറിയ (ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikit%C5%8Dria" title="Wikitōria – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Wikitōria" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE,_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="व्हिक्टोरिया, ऑस्ट्रेलिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्हिक्टोरिया, ऑस्ट्रेलिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ვიქტორიაშ შტატი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვიქტორიაშ შტატი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_(%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="ڤيكتوريا (اوستراليا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ڤيكتوريا (اوستراليا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="ویکتوریا ایالت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ویکتوریا ایالت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_Australia" title="Victoria, Australia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Victoria, Australia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(%C3%93%CC%A4-ci%C5%AD)" title="Victoria (Ó̤-ciŭ) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Victoria (Ó̤-ciŭ)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0_(%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8)" title="Викториа (Австрали) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Викториа (Австрали)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A_%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ဝိတိုရိယ ပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝိတိုရိယ ပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikatoria" title="Vikatoria – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vikatoria" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australi%C3%AB)" title="Victoria (Australië) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Victoria (Australië)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE)" title="भिक्टोरिया (अस्ट्रेलिया) – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भिक्टोरिया (अस्ट्रेलिया)" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E5%B7%9E" title="ビクトリア州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビクトリア州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Austraalien)" title="Victoria (Austraalien) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Victoria (Austraalien)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktoreya" title="Wiktoreya – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Wiktoreya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Victoria (Australia)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delstaten_Victoria" title="Delstaten Victoria – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Delstaten Victoria" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vict%C3%B2ria_(Estat)" title="Victòria (Estat) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Victòria (Estat)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoriya_(shtat)" title="Viktoriya (shtat) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Viktoriya (shtat)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86_(%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86)" title="ਵਿਕਟੋਰੀਆ (ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਕਟੋਰੀਆ (ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="وکٹوریا، اسٹریلیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وکٹوریا، اسٹریلیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ویکتوریا آیالات – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ویکتوریا آیالات" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoria" title="Viktoria – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Viktoria" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktoria_(stan)" title="Wiktoria (stan) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wiktoria (stan)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vit%C3%B3ria_(Austr%C3%A1lia)" title="Vitória (Austrália) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vitória (Austrália)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Victoria (Australia)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Виктория (Австралия) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Виктория (Австралия)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Виктория (штат) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Виктория (штат)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F,_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Виктория, Аустралия – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Виктория, Аустралия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitoria_(Ausetalia)" title="Vitoria (Ausetalia) – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Vitoria (Ausetalia)" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vict%C3%B2ria_(Austr%C3%A0lia)" title="Victòria (Austràlia) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Victòria (Austràlia)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria" title="Victoria – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Victoria" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australien)" title="Victoria (Australien) – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Victoria (Australien)" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoria" title="Viktoria – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Viktoria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria" title="Victoria – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Victoria" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F_(%E0%B6%95%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)" title="වික්ටෝරියා (ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව) – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වික්ටෝරියා (ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Victoria (state)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%BD%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="وڪٽوريا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وڪٽوريا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikt%C3%B3ria_(Austr%C3%A1lia)" title="Viktória (Austrália) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Viktória (Austrália)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorija_(Avstralija)" title="Viktorija (Avstralija) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Viktorija (Avstralija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_(%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="ڤیکتۆریا (ئوسترالیا) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤیکتۆریا (ئوسترالیا)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Викторија (држава) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Викторија (држава)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australija)" title="Victoria (Australija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Victoria (Australija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Victoria (Australia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_Australien" title="Victoria, Australien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Victoria, Australien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria" title="Victoria – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Victoria" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE_(%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE)" title="விக்டோரியா (ஆஸ்திரேலியா) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விக்டோரியா (ஆஸ்திரேலியா)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Виктория (штат) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Виктория (штат)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="รัฐวิกทอเรีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐวิกทอเรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikatolia" title="Vikatolia – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Vikatolia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(eyalet)" title="Victoria (eyalet) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Victoria (eyalet)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Вікторія (штат) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вікторія (штат)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81_(%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="وکٹوریہ (آسٹریلیا) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وکٹوریہ (آسٹریلیا)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Austra%C5%82ia)" title="Victoria (Austrałia) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Victoria (Austrałia)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(ti%E1%BB%83u_bang)" title="Victoria (tiểu bang) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Victoria (tiểu bang)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australi%C3%AB)" title="Victoria (Australië) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Victoria (Australië)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="维克多利亚州 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="维克多利亚州" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="維多利亞州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="維多利亞州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="維多利亞州 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="維多利亞州" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktoriah_(Ostrali)" title="Wiktoriah (Ostrali) – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Wiktoriah (Ostrali)" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victoria_(state)&params=36_51_15_S_144_16_52_E_type:adm1st_region:AU-VIC"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°51′15″S</span> <span class="longitude">144°16′52″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.85417°S 144.28111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-36.85417; 144.28111</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(Australia)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria (Australia)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State of Australia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Australian state. For other places named Victoria, see <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(disambiguation)#Places" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Victoria (disambiguation)">Victoria (disambiguation) § Places</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in Australia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192207">.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div td,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-official-below{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-other{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-caption{padding-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-motto{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-elevation{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-pol-div vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Victoria</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Victoria_(Australia).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Victoria"><img alt="Flag of Victoria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Victoria (Australia)">Flag</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Victoria"><img alt="Official seal of Victoria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg/95px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg/143px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg/190px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1198" data-file-height="1530" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Victoria (Australia)">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Nicknames</b>: <div class="ib-pol-div-nick nickname">The Garden State<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> • The Education State</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto</b>: <div class="ib-pol-div-motto nickname">Peace and Prosperity</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"> <div class="" style="width:300px"><div style="position: relative; width:300px;"> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 72%; top: 35.9%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">QLD</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 74.6%; top: 60%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">NSW</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 83.9%; top: 67.8%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital Territory">ACT</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 21.4%; top: 45.2%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">WA</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 47.9%; top: 30.9%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">NT</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 50.9%; top: 55%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">SA</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 70.9%; top: 75.8%; padding: 0;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">VIC</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 77%; top: 89%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">TAS</a></b></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_in_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="States and territories of Australia"><img alt="States and territories of Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Victoria_in_Australia.svg/300px-Victoria_in_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Victoria_in_Australia.svg/450px-Victoria_in_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Victoria_in_Australia.svg/600px-Victoria_in_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2055" data-file-height="1846" /></a></span></div></div> </div></div><div class="ib-pol-div-caption">Location of Victoria in Australia<br />Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victoria_(state)&params=36_51_15_S_144_16_52_E_type:adm1st_region:AU-VIC"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°51′15″S</span> <span class="longitude">144°16′52″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.85417°S 144.28111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-36.85417; 144.28111</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before federation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Victoria" title="Colony of Victoria">Colony of Victoria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Separation from New South Wales</th><td class="infobox-data">1 July 1851<sup id="cite_ref-RecordOffice_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RecordOffice-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">Responsible government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">23 November 1855</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 1901</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-pol-div-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victoria_(state)&params=37_48_51_S_144_57_47_E_type:city_region:AU–VIC"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°48′51″S</span> <span class="longitude">144°57′47″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.81417°S 144.96306°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-37.81417; 144.96306</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administration</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Victoria" title="Local government areas of Victoria">79 local government areas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Victorian</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Monarch</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Victoria" title="Governor of Victoria">Governor</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Gardner" title="Margaret Gardner">Margaret Gardner</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Victoria" title="Premier of Victoria">Premier</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jacinta_Allan" title="Jacinta Allan">Jacinta Allan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_(Victorian_Branch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party (Victorian Branch)">ALP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice">Chief Justice</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Ferguson_(judge)" title="Anne Ferguson (judge)">Anne Ferguson</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Victoria" title="Parliament of Victoria">Parliament of Victoria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Legislative_Council" title="Victorian Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Legislative_Assembly" title="Victorian Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Judiciary</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Victoria" title="Supreme Court of Victoria">Supreme Court of Victoria</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Senate</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_senators_from_Victoria" title="List of senators from Victoria">12 senators</a> (of 76)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Representatives (Australia)">House of Representatives</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_electoral_divisions_in_Victoria" title="List of electoral divisions in Victoria">39 seats</a> (of 151)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Victoria" title="Geography of Victoria">Area</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Land</div></th><td class="infobox-data">227,444<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup> (87,817 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-pol-div-elevation"> (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Bogong" title="Mount Bogong">Mount Bogong</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,986 m (6,516 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• March 2024 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,959,200<sup id="cite_ref-ABSPop_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSPop-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia#Statistics" title="States and territories of Australia">2nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">30.6/km<sup>2</sup> (79.3/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia#Statistics" title="States and territories of Australia">2nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_and_territories_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Australian states and territories by gross state product">GSP</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2020 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> AU$458.895 billion<sup id="cite_ref-gspref_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gspref-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_and_territories_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Australian states and territories by gross state product">2nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> AU$68,996 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_and_territories_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Australian states and territories by gross state product">6th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2021)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.948<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">very high</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_and_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Australian states and territories by Human Development Index">4th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B10:00" title="UTC+10:00">UTC+10:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australian_Eastern_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Eastern Standard Time">AEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B11:00" title="UTC+11:00">UTC+11:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australian_Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Eastern Daylight Time">AEDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Calling code</th><td class="infobox-data">+61 (03)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_Australia#Allocation" title="Postcodes in Australia">Postal abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="postal-code">VIC</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:AU" title="ISO 3166-2:AU">AU–VIC</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Symbols</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="height:0px"></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bird</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Helmeted_honeyeater" title="Helmeted honeyeater">Helmeted honeyeater</a><br /><i>(Lichenostomus melanops cassidix)</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fish</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Weedy_seadragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Weedy seadragon">Weedy seadragon</a><br /><i>(Phyllopteryx taeniolatus)</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Flower</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Epacris_impressa" title="Epacris impressa">Common heath</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i>(Epacris impressa)</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mammal</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leadbeater%27s_possum" title="Leadbeater's possum">Leadbeater's possum</a><br /><i>(Gymnobelideus leadbeateri)</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Colour(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Navy_blue" title="Navy blue">Navy blue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silver_(color)" title="Silver (color)">silver</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background-color: #f8f9fa; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%;height:1.75em"><td style="background: #003C71; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #8A8D8F; font-size:50%;"> </td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fossil</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koolasuchus" title="Koolasuchus">Koolasuchus cleelandi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mineral</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vic.gov.au">vic<wbr />.gov<wbr />.au</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Victoria</b>, commonly abbreviated as <b>Vic</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">state</a> in southeastern <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. It is the second-smallest state (after <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>), with a land area of 227,444 km<sup>2</sup> (87,817 sq mi); the second-most-populated state (after <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>), with a population of over 6.9 million;<sup id="cite_ref-ABSPop_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSPop-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the most densely populated state in Australia (30.6 per km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Victoria's economy is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_and_territories_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Australian states and territories by gross state product">second-largest among Australian states</a> and is highly diversified, with service sectors predominating. </p><p>Victoria is bordered by New South Wales to the north and <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a> to the west and is bounded by the <a href="/wiki/Bass_Strait" title="Bass Strait">Bass Strait</a> to the south (with the exception of a small land border with <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> located along <a href="/wiki/Boundary_Islet" title="Boundary Islet">Boundary Islet</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Great_Australian_Bight" title="Great Australian Bight">Great Australian Bight</a> portion of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Southern Ocean</a> to the southwest, and the <a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Marginal_sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginal sea">marginal sea</a> of the <a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="South Pacific Ocean">South Pacific Ocean</a>) to the southeast. The state encompasses a range of climates and geographical features from its <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate</a> coastal and central regions to the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Alps" title="Victorian Alps">Victorian Alps</a> in the northeast and the <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid</a> northwest. </p><p>The majority of the Victorian population is concentrated in the central-south area surrounding <a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip" title="Port Phillip">Port Phillip</a>, and in particular within the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Melbourne">Greater Melbourne</a>, Victoria's state capital and <a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Victoria_by_population" title="List of places in Victoria by population">largest city</a> and also <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Australia_by_population" title="List of cities in Australia by population">Australia's second-largest city</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where over three-quarters of the culturally diverse population live (35.1% of inhabitants being <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Australia" title="Immigration to Australia">immigrants</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state is also home to <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Australia_by_population" title="List of cities in Australia by population">four of Australia's 20 largest cities</a>: <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geelong" title="Geelong">Geelong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballarat" title="Ballarat">Ballarat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bendigo" title="Bendigo">Bendigo</a>. </p><p>Victoria is home to numerous <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal</a> groups, including the <a href="/wiki/Boonwurrung" title="Boonwurrung">Boonwurrung</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bratauolung_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bratauolung people">Bratauolung</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Djadjawurrung" title="Djadjawurrung">Djadjawurrung</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gunai_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunai people">Gunai</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gunditjmara" title="Gunditjmara">Gunditjmara</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Taungurung" title="Taungurung">Taungurung</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wathaurong" class="mw-redirect" title="Wathaurong">Wathaurong</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wurundjeri" title="Wurundjeri">Wurundjeri</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Yorta_Yorta" title="Yorta Yorta">Yorta Yorta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were more than 30 <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_languages" title="Australian Aboriginal languages">Aboriginal languages</a> spoken in the area prior to European colonisation. In 1770 <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> claimed the east coast of the <a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australian continent</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a>. The first European settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at <a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Bay,_Victoria" title="Sullivan Bay, Victoria">Sullivan Bay</a>. Much of Victoria was included in 1836 in the <a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip_District" title="Port Phillip District">Port Phillip District</a> of New South Wales. </p><p>Named in honour of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>, Victoria was separated from New South Wales and established as a separate <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">Crown colony</a> in 1851, achieving <a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">responsible government</a> in 1855.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Victorian_gold_rush" title="Victorian gold rush">Victorian gold rush</a> in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased Victoria's population and wealth. By the time of <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Australian Federation</a> in 1901, Melbourne had become the largest city in <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a>, and was the seat of Federal government until <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a> became the national capital in 1927. The state continued to grow strongly through various periods of the 20th and 21st centuries due to high levels of international and interstate migration. Melbourne hosts a number of museums, art galleries, and theatres; in 2016 a sports marketing company named it the world's sporting capital.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Victoria has 38 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">Australian House of Representatives</a> and 12 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate (Australia)">Australian Senate</a>. At state level, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Victoria" title="Parliament of Victoria">Parliament of Victoria</a> consists of the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Legislative_Assembly" title="Victorian Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Legislative_Council" title="Victorian Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_(Victorian_Branch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party (Victorian Branch)">Labor Party</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Jacinta_Allan" title="Jacinta Allan">Jacinta Allan</a> as <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Victoria" title="Premier of Victoria">premier</a>, has governed Victoria since 2014. The <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Victoria" title="Governor of Victoria">Governor of Victoria</a>, the representative of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">monarch</a> in the state, is currently <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Gardner" title="Margaret Gardner">Margaret Gardner</a>. Victoria is divided into <a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Victoria" title="Local government areas of Victoria">79 local government areas</a>, as well as several <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Unincorporated areas">unincorporated areas</a> which the state administers directly. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Victoria" title="History of Victoria">History of Victoria</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous_Victorians">Indigenous Victorians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Indigenous Victorians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Victorians" title="Aboriginal Victorians">Aboriginal Victorians</a></div> <p>The state of Victoria was home to many <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Australian">Aboriginal Australian</a> nations that had occupied the land for tens of thousands of years before <a href="/wiki/European_settlement_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="European settlement of Australia">European settlement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Gary_Presland" title="Gary Presland">Gary Presland</a>, Aboriginal people have lived in Victoria for about 40,000 years,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> living a semi-nomadic existence of fishing, hunting and gathering, and farming eels.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Keilor_Archaeological_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Keilor Archaeological Site">Keilor Archaeological Site</a>, a human hearth excavated in 1971 was radiocarbon-dated to about 31,000 years <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">BP</a>, making Keilor one of the earliest sites of human habitation in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-keilor_presland_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keilor_presland-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Human_cranium" class="mw-redirect" title="Human cranium">cranium</a> found at the site has been dated at between 12,000<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 14,700 years <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">BP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-keilor_presland_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keilor_presland-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archaeological sites in <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> and on the <a href="/wiki/Bass_Strait" title="Bass Strait">Bass Strait</a> Islands have been dated to between 20,000 to 35,000 years ago when sea levels were 130 metres below present level allowing First Nations Peoples to move across the region of southern Victoria and onto the land bridge of the Bassian plain to <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> by at least 35,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Steyne2009_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steyne2009-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-channelproject.com.au_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-channelproject.com.au-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Ice Age about 20,000 years <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">BP</a>, the area now the bay of <a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip" title="Port Phillip">Port Phillip</a> would have been dry land, and the <a href="/wiki/Yarra_River" title="Yarra River">Yarra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Werribee_River" title="Werribee River">Werribee rivers</a> would have joined to flow through the heads then south and south west through the Bassian plain before meeting the ocean to the west. Tasmania and the Bass Strait islands became separated from mainland Australia around 12,000 BP, when the sea level was approximately 50m below present levels.<sup id="cite_ref-Steyne2009_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steyne2009-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Port Phillip was flooded by post-glacial <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">rising sea levels</a> between 8,000 and 6,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Steyne2009_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steyne2009-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oral history and creation stories from the <a href="/wiki/Wathaurong" class="mw-redirect" title="Wathaurong">Wada wurrung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woiwurrung" title="Woiwurrung">Woiwurrung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bunurong" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunurong">Bun wurrung</a> languages describe the flooding of the bay. Hobsons Bay was once a kangaroo hunting ground. Creation stories describe how <a href="/wiki/Bunjil" title="Bunjil">Bunjil</a> was responsible for the formation of the bay,<sup id="cite_ref-channelproject.com.au_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-channelproject.com.au-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the bay was flooded when the Yarra River was created.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_colonisation">British colonisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: British colonisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Eumeralla_Wars" title="Eumeralla Wars">Eumeralla Wars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gippsland_massacres" title="Gippsland massacres">Gippsland massacres</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Doudiet_Swearing_allegiance_to_the_Southern_Cross.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Doudiet_Swearing_allegiance_to_the_Southern_Cross.jpg/230px-Doudiet_Swearing_allegiance_to_the_Southern_Cross.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Doudiet_Swearing_allegiance_to_the_Southern_Cross.jpg/345px-Doudiet_Swearing_allegiance_to_the_Southern_Cross.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Doudiet_Swearing_allegiance_to_the_Southern_Cross.jpg/460px-Doudiet_Swearing_allegiance_to_the_Southern_Cross.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1978" data-file-height="1426" /></a><figcaption><i>Swearing Allegiance to the Southern Cross at the <a href="/wiki/Eureka_Stockade" class="mw-redirect" title="Eureka Stockade">Eureka Stockade</a> on 1 December 1854</i> – watercolour by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Doudiet" title="Charles Doudiet">Charles Doudiet</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Victoria, like <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, was named after <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>, who had been on the British throne for 14 years when the colony was established in 1851.<sup id="cite_ref-RecordOffice_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RecordOffice-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the founding of the colony of New South Wales in 1788, Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales and a western half named <a href="/wiki/New_Holland_(Australia)" title="New Holland (Australia)">New Holland</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Administration_(government)" title="Administration (government)">administration</a> of the colonial government in Sydney. </p><p>The first British settlement in the area later known as Victoria was established in October 1803 under Lieutenant-Governor <a href="/wiki/David_Collins_(lieutenant_governor)" title="David Collins (lieutenant governor)">David Collins</a> at Sullivan Bay on Port Phillip. It consisted of 402 people (five government officials, nine officers of marines, two drummers, and 39 privates, five soldiers' wives and a child, 307 convicts, 17 convicts' wives, and seven children).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had been sent from England in <a href="/wiki/HMS_Calcutta_(1795)" title="HMS Calcutta (1795)">HMS <i>Calcutta</i></a> under the command of Captain <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Woodriff" title="Daniel Woodriff">Daniel Woodriff</a>, principally out of fear that the French, who had been exploring the area, might establish their own settlement and thereby challenge British rights to the continent. </p><p>In 1826, Colonel Stewart, Captain Samuel Wright, and Lieutenant Burchell were sent in <a href="/wiki/HMS_Fly_(1813)" title="HMS Fly (1813)">HMS <i>Fly</i></a> (Captain Wetherall) and the brigs <i>Dragon</i> and <i>Amity</i>, took a number of convicts and a small force composed of detachments of the 3rd and 93rd regiments. The expedition landed at Settlement Point (now <a href="/wiki/Corinella,_Victoria" title="Corinella, Victoria">Corinella</a>), on the eastern side of Western Port Bay, which was the headquarters until the abandonment of Western Port at the insistence of Governor Darling about 12 months afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Victoria's next settlement was at <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Victoria" title="Portland, Victoria">Portland</a>, on the south west coast of what is now Victoria. <a href="/wiki/Edward_Henty" title="Edward Henty">Edward Henty</a> settled Portland Bay in 1834.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Batman's_treaty"><span id="Batman.27s_treaty"></span>Batman's treaty</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Batman's treaty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Melbourne was founded in 1835 by <a href="/wiki/John_Batman" title="John Batman">John Batman</a>, who set up a base in <a href="/wiki/Indented_Head" title="Indented Head">Indented Head</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Pascoe_Fawkner" title="John Pascoe Fawkner">John Pascoe Fawkner</a>. From settlement, the region around Melbourne was known as the Port Phillip District, a separately administered part of New South Wales. Shortly after, the site now known as Geelong was surveyed by Assistant Surveyor W. H. Smythe, three weeks after Melbourne. And in 1838, <a href="/wiki/Geelong" title="Geelong">Geelong</a> was officially declared a town, despite earlier European settlements dating back to 1826. On 6 June 1835, just under two years before Melbourne was officially recognised as a settlement, John Batman, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip_Association" title="Port Phillip Association">Port Phillip Association</a> presented <a href="/wiki/Wurundjeri" title="Wurundjeri">Wurundjeri</a> Elders with a land use agreement. </p><p>This document, now referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Batman%27s_Treaty" title="Batman's Treaty">Batman treaty</a>, was later given to the British government to claim that local Aboriginal people had given Batman access to their land in exchange for goods and rations. The treaty itself was declared void as Batman did not have permission from the Crown to establish Melbourne. Today, the meaning and interpretation of this treaty is contested. Some argue it was a pretence for taking Aboriginal land in exchange for trinkets, while others argue it was significant in that it sought to recognise <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_land_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal land rights">Aboriginal land rights</a>. The exact location of the meeting between Batman and the Kulin men with whom he made the treaty is unknown, although it is believed to have been by the <a href="/wiki/Merri_Creek" title="Merri Creek">Merri Creek</a>. According to historian Meyer Eidelson, it is generally believed to have occurred on the Merri near modern-day Rushall Station.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_Victoria">Colonial Victoria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Colonial Victoria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Victoria" title="Colony of Victoria">Colony of Victoria</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048730501">.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv td,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-native{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms td{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms table{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms tbody tr:first-child td{width:50%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Victoria Colony</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><a href="/wiki/British_Crown_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="British Crown Colony">British Crown Colony</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category">1851–1901</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Victoria_(1877-1901).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Victoria"><img alt="Flag of Victoria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Victoria_%281877-1901%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Victoria_%281877-1901%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Victoria_%281877-1901%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Victoria_%281877-1901%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Victoria_%281877-1901%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Victoria_%281877-1901%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Victoria (Australia)">Flag (1870–1901)</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Badge_of_Victoria_(modern).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Victoria"><img alt="Coat of arms of Victoria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Badge_of_Victoria_%28modern%29.svg/85px-Badge_of_Victoria_%28modern%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Badge_of_Victoria_%28modern%29.svg/128px-Badge_of_Victoria_%28modern%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Badge_of_Victoria_%28modern%29.svg/170px-Badge_of_Victoria_%28modern%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="863" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Victoria (Australia)">Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data">Melbourne</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • Type</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Self-governing_colony" title="Self-governing colony">Self-governing colony</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1851–1901 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1851–1854 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_La_Trobe" title="Charles La Trobe">Charles La Trobe</a> (<i>first</i>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1895–1900 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brassey,_1st_Earl_Brassey" title="Thomas Brassey, 1st Earl Brassey">Thomas Brassey</a> (<i>last</i>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Independence from the New South Wales colony </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1851</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation of Australia</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1901</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_South_Wales" title="Colony of New South Wales">Colony of New South Wales</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Australia_%281901%E2%80%931903%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Australia_%281901%E2%80%931903%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Australia_%281901%E2%80%931903%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Australia_%281901%E2%80%931903%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Australia_%281901%E2%80%931903%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Australia_%281901%E2%80%931903%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria (Australia)</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On 1 July 1851, writs were issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council, and the absolute independence of Victoria from New South Wales was established proclaiming a new Colony of Victoria.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Days later, still in 1851 gold was discovered near <a href="/wiki/Ballarat" title="Ballarat">Ballarat</a>, and subsequently at <a href="/wiki/Bendigo" title="Bendigo">Bendigo</a>. Later discoveries occurred at many sites across Victoria. This triggered one of the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_gold_rush" title="Victorian gold rush">largest gold rushes</a> the world has ever seen. The colony grew rapidly in both population and economic power. In 10 years, the population of Victoria increased sevenfold from 76,000 to 540,000. All sorts of gold records were produced, including the "richest shallow alluvial goldfield in the world" and the <a href="/wiki/Welcome_Stranger" title="Welcome Stranger">largest gold nugget</a>. In the decade 1851–1860 Victoria produced 20 million ounces of gold, one-third of the world's output.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1855 the Geological Survey collected and determined the major <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ion</a> chemistry for <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">groundwater</a> in Victoria.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immigrants arrived from all over the world to search for gold, especially from <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> and China.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1857, 26,000 Chinese miners worked in Victoria, and their legacy is particularly strong in Bendigo and its environs. </p><p>In 1854 at Ballarat, an armed rebellion against the government of Victoria was made by miners protesting against <a href="/wiki/Miner%27s_Licence" class="mw-redirect" title="Miner's Licence">mining taxes</a> (the "<a href="/wiki/Eureka_Stockade" class="mw-redirect" title="Eureka Stockade">Eureka Stockade</a>"). This was crushed by British troops, but the confrontation persuaded the colonial authorities to reform the administration of mining concessions (reducing the hated mining licence fees) and extend the <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">electoral franchise</a>. The following year, the Imperial Parliament granted Victoria responsible government with the passage of the Colony of Victoria Act 1855. Some of the leaders of the Eureka rebellion went on to become members of the Victorian Parliament. </p><p>In 1857, reflecting the growing presence of Irish Catholic immigrants, <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Shanassy" title="John O'Shanassy">John O'Shanassy</a> became the colony's second Premier with the former <a href="/wiki/Young_Ireland" title="Young Ireland">Young Irelander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gavan_Duffy_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Gavan Duffy (Australian politician)">Charles Gavan Duffy</a> as his deputy. Melbourne's Protestant establishment was ill-prepared "to countenance so startling a novelty".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1858–59, <i>Melbourne Punch</i> cartoons linked Duffy and O'Shanassy to the terrors of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1862 Duffy's Land Act attempted, but failed, through a system of extended pastoral licences, to break the land-holding monopoly of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Squatting_(Australian_history)" title="Squatting (Australian history)">"squatter" class</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1871, having led, on behalf of small farmers, opposition to Premier <a href="/wiki/James_McCulloch" title="James McCulloch">Sir James McCulloch</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Land_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Land tax">land tax</a>, Duffy, himself, was briefly Premier. </p><p>In 1893 widespread bank failures brought to an end a sustained period of prosperity and of increasingly wild speculation in land and construction. Melbourne nonetheless retained, as the legacy of the gold rush, its status as Australia's primary financial centre and largest city. In 1901, Victoria became a state in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a>. While <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a> was being built, Melbourne served until 1927 as the country's first federal capital.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Victoria" title="Geography of Victoria">Geography of Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Victoria" title="Geology of Victoria">Geology of Victoria</a></div> <p>Victoria's northern border follows a straight line from <a href="/wiki/Cape_Howe" title="Cape Howe">Cape Howe</a> to the start of the <a href="/wiki/Murray_River" title="Murray River">Murray River</a> and then follows the Murray River as the remainder of the northern border. On the Murray River, the border is the southern bank of the river. This precise definition was not established until 1980, when a ruling by <a href="/wiki/Ninian_Stephen" title="Ninian Stephen">Justice Ninian Stephen</a> of the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court of Australia</a> settled the question as to which state had jurisdiction in the unlawful death of a man on an island in the middle of the river. The ruling clarified that no part of the watercourse is in Victoria.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The border also rests at the southern end of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Dividing_Range" title="Great Dividing Range">Great Dividing Range</a>, which stretches along the east coast and terminates west of Ballarat. It is bordered by South Australia to the west and shares Australia's shortest land border with <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>. The official border between Victoria and Tasmania is at 39°12' S, which passes through <a href="/wiki/Boundary_Islet" title="Boundary Islet">Boundary Islet</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bass_Strait" title="Bass Strait">Bass Strait</a> for 85 metres.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Victoria contains many topographically, geologically and climatically diverse areas, ranging from the wet, <a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> climate of <a href="/wiki/Gippsland" title="Gippsland">Gippsland</a> in the southeast to the snow-covered <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Alps" title="Victorian Alps">Victorian alpine areas</a> which rise to almost 2,000 m (6,600 ft), with <a href="/wiki/Mount_Bogong" title="Mount Bogong">Mount Bogong</a> the highest peak at 1,986 m (6,516 ft). There are extensive semi-arid plains to the west and northwest. There is an extensive series of river systems in Victoria. Most notable is the <a href="/wiki/Murray_River" title="Murray River">Murray River</a> system. Other rivers include: <a href="/wiki/Ovens_River" title="Ovens River">Ovens River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goulburn_River,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Goulburn River, Victoria">Goulburn River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patterson_River" title="Patterson River">Patterson River</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_River,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="King River, Victoria">King River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campaspe_River" title="Campaspe River">Campaspe River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loddon_River" title="Loddon River">Loddon River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wimmera_River" title="Wimmera River">Wimmera River</a>, Elgin River, <a href="/wiki/Barwon_River_(Victoria)" title="Barwon River (Victoria)">Barwon River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomson_River,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomson River, Victoria">Thomson River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snowy_River" title="Snowy River">Snowy River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latrobe_River" title="Latrobe River">Latrobe River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yarra_River" title="Yarra River">Yarra River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maribyrnong_River" title="Maribyrnong River">Maribyrnong River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitta_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitta River">Mitta River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hopkins_River" title="Hopkins River">Hopkins River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merri_River" title="Merri River">Merri River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kiewa_River" title="Kiewa River">Kiewa River</a>. The state symbols include the <a href="/wiki/Pink_heath" class="mw-redirect" title="Pink heath">pink heath</a> (state flower), <a href="/wiki/Leadbeater%27s_possum" title="Leadbeater's possum">Leadbeater's possum</a> (state animal) and the <a href="/wiki/Helmeted_honeyeater" title="Helmeted honeyeater">helmeted honeyeater</a> (state bird). Ecological communities include <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Volcanic_Plain_grasslands" title="Victorian Volcanic Plain grasslands">Victorian Volcanic Plain grasslands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Plains_Grassland" title="Northern Plains Grassland">Northern Plains Grassland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gippsland_Plains_Grassy_Woodland" title="Gippsland Plains Grassy Woodland">Gippsland Plains Grassy Woodland</a>, all of which are critically endangered.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Geoscience_Australia" title="Geoscience Australia">Geoscience Australia</a>, the geographic centre of Victoria is located in <a href="/wiki/Mandurang" title="Mandurang">Mandurang</a> at 36° 51' 15"S, 144° 16' 52" E. The small rural locality is located 10 km (6 mi) south of <a href="/wiki/Bendigo" title="Bendigo">Bendigo</a>. Due to its central location and the region's historical ties to the gold rush, the town is widely regarded as the "Heart of Gold". The state's capital, Melbourne, contains about 70% of the state's population and dominates its economy, media, and culture. For other cities and towns, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_localities_(Victoria)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of localities (Victoria)">list of localities (Victoria)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Victoria" title="Local government areas of Victoria">local government areas of Victoria</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 175px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Island_Archway,_Great_Ocean_Rd,_Victoria,_Australia_-_Nov_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Island Archway on the Great Ocean Road in Victoria, Australia"><img alt="Island Archway on the Great Ocean Road in Victoria, Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Island_Archway%2C_Great_Ocean_Rd%2C_Victoria%2C_Australia_-_Nov_08.jpg/200px-Island_Archway%2C_Great_Ocean_Rd%2C_Victoria%2C_Australia_-_Nov_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Island_Archway%2C_Great_Ocean_Rd%2C_Victoria%2C_Australia_-_Nov_08.jpg/300px-Island_Archway%2C_Great_Ocean_Rd%2C_Victoria%2C_Australia_-_Nov_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Island_Archway%2C_Great_Ocean_Rd%2C_Victoria%2C_Australia_-_Nov_08.jpg/400px-Island_Archway%2C_Great_Ocean_Rd%2C_Victoria%2C_Australia_-_Nov_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="2478" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Island_Archway" title="Island Archway">Island Archway</a> on the Great Ocean Road in Victoria, Australia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 175px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aireys_Inlet_Lighthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aireys Inlet"><img alt="Aireys Inlet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Aireys_Inlet_Lighthouse.jpg/200px-Aireys_Inlet_Lighthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Aireys_Inlet_Lighthouse.jpg/300px-Aireys_Inlet_Lighthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Aireys_Inlet_Lighthouse.jpg/400px-Aireys_Inlet_Lighthouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aireys Inlet</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 175px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Highways_of_Victoria.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Victorian cities, towns, settlements and road network"><img alt="Victorian cities, towns, settlements and road network" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Highways_of_Victoria.PNG/200px-Highways_of_Victoria.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Highways_of_Victoria.PNG/300px-Highways_of_Victoria.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Highways_of_Victoria.PNG/400px-Highways_of_Victoria.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1905" data-file-height="1273" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Victorian cities, towns, settlements and <a href="/wiki/Road_transport_in_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Road transport in Victoria">road network</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regions">Regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Victoria" title="Regions of Victoria">Regions of Victoria</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_at_night_from_the_International_Space_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Melbourne_at_night_from_the_International_Space_Station.jpg/300px-Melbourne_at_night_from_the_International_Space_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Melbourne_at_night_from_the_International_Space_Station.jpg/450px-Melbourne_at_night_from_the_International_Space_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Melbourne_at_night_from_the_International_Space_Station.jpg/600px-Melbourne_at_night_from_the_International_Space_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2128" data-file-height="1416" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Greater_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Melbourne">Greater Melbourne</a> at night from the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Victoria is divided into distinct geographic <a href="/wiki/Region" title="Region">regions</a>, most commonly for the purposes of <a href="/wiki/Economic_geography" title="Economic geography">economic development</a>, while others for <a href="/wiki/Land_management" title="Land management">land management</a> (agriculture or conservation) and for <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">censusing</a> (statistical or meteorological) or electoral purposes. The most commonly used regions are those created by the state government for the purposes of <a href="/wiki/Economic_geography" title="Economic geography">economic development</a>. </p><p>In addition to <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Greater Melbourne</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_State_Government" title="Victoria State Government">Victoria State Government</a> has divided Victoria into five regions covering all parts of the state. The five regional Victoria divisions are:<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barwon_South_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Barwon South West">Barwon South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gippsland" title="Gippsland">Gippsland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grampians_(region)" title="Grampians (region)">Grampians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_(region)" title="Hume (region)">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loddon_Mallee" title="Loddon Mallee">Loddon Mallee</a></li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau of Meteorology (Australia)">Australian Bureau of Meteorology</a> defines regions for its own purposes, some of which share names with the economic regions, even though the exact boundaries may not correlate.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of November 2014, they are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mallee_(region,_Victoria)" title="Mallee (region, Victoria)">Mallee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimmera" class="mw-redirect" title="Wimmera">Wimmera</a></li> <li>Northern Country</li> <li>North East Victoria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Gippsland" title="East Gippsland">East Gippsland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Gippsland" title="West Gippsland">West</a> & <a href="/wiki/South_Gippsland" title="South Gippsland">South Gippsland</a></li> <li>Central Victoria</li> <li>North Central Victoria</li> <li>South West Victoria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Alps" title="Victorian Alps">Alpine Victoria</a></li> <li>Melbourne</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cities_and_towns">Cities and towns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cities and towns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a list of places in the <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">state</a> of Victoria by population. Urban centres are defined by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Australian Bureau of Statistics">Australian Bureau of Statistics</a> as being a population cluster of 1,000 or more people. The below figures broadly represent the populations of the <a href="/wiki/Geographic_contiguity" title="Geographic contiguity">contiguous</a> <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">built-up areas</a> of each city: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Population by Statistical Urban Centre </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Rank </th> <th rowspan="2">Urban centre </th> <th colspan="4">Population </th></tr> <tr> <th>2021 census </th> <th>2016 census </th> <th>2011 census </th> <th>2006 census </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> </td> <td>4,917,750 </td> <td>4,196,201 </td> <td>3,707,530 </td> <td>3,375,341 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geelong" title="Geelong">Geelong</a> </td> <td>180,239<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>157,103 </td> <td>143,921 </td> <td>135,965 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ballarat" title="Ballarat">Ballarat</a> </td> <td>116,201 </td> <td>93,761 </td> <td>85,936 </td> <td>77,766 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bendigo" title="Bendigo">Bendigo</a> </td> <td>103,034 </td> <td>92,384 </td> <td>82,795 </td> <td>75,420 </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Melton,_Victoria" title="Melton, Victoria">Melton</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>54,455 </td> <td>45,625 </td> <td>35,194 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shepparton" title="Shepparton">Shepparton</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mooroopna" title="Mooroopna">Mooroopna</a> </td> <td>68,409 </td> <td>46,194 </td> <td>42,742 </td> <td>38,247 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mildura" title="Mildura">Mildura</a> </td> <td>56,972 </td> <td>33,445 </td> <td>31,363 </td> <td>30,761 </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakenham,_Victoria" title="Pakenham, Victoria">Pakenham</a> </td> <td>54,118 </td> <td>46,421 </td> <td>32,913 </td> <td>18,621 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wodonga" title="Wodonga">Wodonga</a> </td> <td>43,253 </td> <td>35,131 </td> <td>31,605 </td> <td>29,538 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunbury,_Victoria" title="Sunbury, Victoria">Sunbury</a> </td> <td>38,851 </td> <td>34,425 </td> <td>33,062 </td> <td>29,071 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warrnambool" title="Warrnambool">Warrnambool</a> </td> <td>35,406 </td> <td>30,707 </td> <td>29,286 </td> <td>28,015 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wangaratta" title="Wangaratta">Wangaratta</a> </td> <td>29,808 </td> <td>18,567 </td> <td>17,376 </td> <td>16,732 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Traralgon" title="Traralgon">Traralgon</a> </td> <td>26,907 </td> <td>25,482 </td> <td>24,590 </td> <td>21,474 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bacchus_Marsh" title="Bacchus Marsh">Bacchus Marsh</a> </td> <td>24,717 </td> <td>17,303 </td> <td>14,914 </td> <td>13,046 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warragul" title="Warragul">Warragul</a> </td> <td>23,051 </td> <td>14,274 </td> <td>13,081 </td> <td>11,333 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horsham,_Victoria" title="Horsham, Victoria">Horsham</a> </td> <td>20,429 </td> <td>15,630 </td> <td>15,261 </td> <td>13,945 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Grove,_Victoria" title="Ocean Grove, Victoria">Ocean Grove</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barwon_Heads,_Victoria" title="Barwon Heads, Victoria">Barwon Heads</a> </td> <td>19,394 </td> <td>18,208 </td> <td>16,091 </td> <td>13,701 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Torquay,_Victoria" title="Torquay, Victoria">Torquay</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Juc,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Juc, Victoria">Jan Juc</a> </td> <td>18,534 </td> <td>16,942 </td> <td>13,336 </td> <td>9,463<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moe,_Victoria" title="Moe, Victoria">Moe</a> – <a href="/wiki/Newborough,_Victoria" title="Newborough, Victoria">Newborough</a> </td> <td>16 844 </td> <td>15,062 </td> <td>15,293 </td> <td>15,159 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sale,_Victoria" title="Sale, Victoria">Sale</a> </td> <td>15,472 </td> <td>13,507 </td> <td>12,764 </td> <td>13,090 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Morwell,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Morwell, Victoria">Morwell</a> </td> <td>14,432 </td> <td>13,540 </td> <td>13,689 </td> <td>13,399 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_K%C3%B6ppen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Victoria_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/300px-Victoria_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Victoria_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/450px-Victoria_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Victoria_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/600px-Victoria_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="783" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate types</a> in Victoria</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; line-height:1.2em; font-size:90%; margin-left:1em"> <caption>Average monthly maximum<br />temperatures in Victoria </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#ccc; vertical-align:center;"> <th>Month </th> <th>Melbourne<br />°C (°F) </th> <th>Mildura <br />°C (°F) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">January </td> <td style="text-align:center;">25.8 (78) </td> <td style="text-align:center;">32.8 (91) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">February </td> <td style="text-align:center;">25.8 (78) </td> <td style="text-align:center;">32.7 (91) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">March </td> <td style="text-align:center;">23.8 (75) </td> <td style="text-align:center;">29.3 (85) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">April </td> <td style="text-align:center;">20.2 (68) </td> <td style="text-align:center;">24.1 (75) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">May </td> <td style="text-align:center;">16.6 (62) </td> <td style="text-align:center;">19.6 (67) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">June </td> <td style="text-align:center;">14.0 (57) </td> <td style="text-align:center;">16.0 (61) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">July </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13.4 (56) </td> <td style="text-align:center;">15.4 (60) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">August </td> <td style="text-align:center;">14.9 (59) </td> <td style="text-align:center;">17.7 (64) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">September </td> <td style="text-align:center;">17.2 (63) </td> <td style="text-align:center;">21.1 (70) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">October </td> <td style="text-align:center;">19.6 (67) </td> <td style="text-align:center;">25.0 (77) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">November </td> <td style="text-align:center;">21.8 (71) </td> <td style="text-align:center;">29.0 (84) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">December </td> <td style="text-align:center;">24.1 (75) </td> <td style="text-align:center;">31.7 (89) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="font-size:80%; text-align:center;">Source: Bureau of Meteorology </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Victoria has a varied climate that ranges from semi-arid temperate with hot summers in the north-west, to temperate and cool along the coast. Victoria's main land feature, the Great Dividing Range, produces a cooler, mountain climate in the centre of the state. Winters along the coast of the state, particularly around <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, are relatively mild (<i>see chart</i>). </p><p>The coastal plain south of the Great Dividing Range has Victoria's mildest climate. Air from the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Southern Ocean</a> helps reduce the heat of summer and the cold of winter. Melbourne and other large cities are located in this temperate region. </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Mallee" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mallee">The Mallee</a> and upper <a href="/wiki/Wimmera" class="mw-redirect" title="Wimmera">Wimmera</a> are Victoria's warmest regions with hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts. Average temperatures exceed 32 °C (90 °F) during summer and 15 °C (59 °F) in winter. Except at cool mountain elevations, the inland monthly temperatures are 2–7 °C (4–13 °F) warmer than around Melbourne (see chart). Victoria's highest maximum temperature of 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) was recorded in <a href="/wiki/Hopetoun,_Victoria" title="Hopetoun, Victoria">Hopetoun</a> on 7 February 2009, during the <a href="/wiki/2009_southeastern_Australia_heat_wave" title="2009 southeastern Australia heat wave">2009 southeastern Australia heat wave</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-weatherrecords_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weatherrecords-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Victorian Alps in the northeast are the coldest part of Victoria. The Alps are part of the Great Dividing Range mountain system extending east–west through the centre of Victoria. Average temperatures are less than 9 °C (48 °F) in winter and below 0 °C (32 °F) in the highest parts of the ranges. The state's lowest minimum temperature of −11.7 °C (10.9 °F) was recorded at <a href="/wiki/Omeo,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Omeo, Victoria">Omeo</a> on 15 June 1965, and again at <a href="/wiki/Falls_Creek,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Falls Creek, Victoria">Falls Creek</a> on 3 July 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-weatherrecords_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weatherrecords-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Temperature extremes for the state are listed in the table below: </p> <div style="width:65%;"> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Victoria </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B00000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47.2<br />(117.0) </td> <td style="background: #9A0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.8<br />(119.8) </td> <td style="background: #D70000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.4<br />(111.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.3<br />(102.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.7<br />(99.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.2<br />(104.4) </td> <td style="background: #C30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.8<br />(114.4) </td> <td style="background: #B80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.6<br />(115.9) </td> <td style="background: #9A0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">48.8<br />(119.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.9<br />(25.0) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.9<br />(25.0) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.3<br />(24.3) </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.2<br />(17.2) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.3<br />(17.1) </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.7<br />(10.9) </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.7<br />(10.9) </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.5<br />(13.1) </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.4<br />(15.1) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.4<br />(16.9) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.0<br />(19.4) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.2<br />(22.6) </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−11.7<br />(10.9) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Bureau of Meteorology<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rainfall">Rainfall</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Rainfall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rainfall in Victoria increases from south to the northeast, with higher averages in areas of high altitude. Mean annual rainfall exceeds 1,800 millimetres (71 inches) in some parts of the northeast but is less than 280 mm (11 in) in the Mallee. Rain is heaviest in the <a href="/wiki/Otway_Ranges" class="mw-redirect" title="Otway Ranges">Otway Ranges</a> and Gippsland in southern Victoria and in the mountainous northeast. Snow generally falls only in the mountains and hills in the centre of the state. Rain falls most frequently in winter, but summer precipitation is heavier. Rainfall is most reliable in Gippsland and the <a href="/wiki/Western_District,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Western District, Victoria">Western District</a>, making them both leading farming areas. Victoria's highest recorded daily rainfall was 377.8 mm (14.87 in) at <a href="/wiki/Tidal_River,_Victoria" title="Tidal River, Victoria">Tidal River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wilsons_Promontory_National_Park" title="Wilsons Promontory National Park">Wilsons Promontory National Park</a> on 23 March 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-weatherrecords_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weatherrecords-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Average temperatures and precipitation for Victoria</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_summer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Average January maximum temperatures: Victoria's north is almost always hotter than coastal and mountainous areas."><img alt="Average January maximum temperatures: Victoria's north is almost always hotter than coastal and mountainous areas." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Victoria_summer.jpg/120px-Victoria_summer.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Victoria_summer.jpg/180px-Victoria_summer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Victoria_summer.jpg/240px-Victoria_summer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="209" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Average January maximum temperatures:<br />Victoria's north is almost always hotter than coastal and mountainous areas.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_winter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Average July maximum temperatures: Victoria's hills and ranges are coolest during winter. Snow also falls there."><img alt="Average July maximum temperatures: Victoria's hills and ranges are coolest during winter. Snow also falls there." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Victoria_winter.jpg/120px-Victoria_winter.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Victoria_winter.jpg/180px-Victoria_winter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Victoria_winter.jpg/240px-Victoria_winter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="209" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Average July maximum temperatures:<br />Victoria's hills and ranges are coolest during winter. Snow also falls there.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_rainfall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Average yearly precipitation: Victoria's rainfall is concentrated in the mountainous north-east and coast."><img alt="Average yearly precipitation: Victoria's rainfall is concentrated in the mountainous north-east and coast." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Victoria_rainfall.jpg/120px-Victoria_rainfall.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Victoria_rainfall.jpg/180px-Victoria_rainfall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Victoria_rainfall.jpg/240px-Victoria_rainfall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="209" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Average yearly precipitation:<br />Victoria's rainfall is concentrated in the mountainous north-east and coast.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;font-size:90%;">Source: Bureau of Meteorology, Department of Primary Industries, Australian Natural Resources Atlas</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Australia" title="Demographics of Australia">Demographics of Australia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ABS-3101.0-AustralianDemographicStatistics-EstimatedResidentPopulationStatesTerritories-EstimatedResidentPopulation-Persons-Victoria-A2060844K.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/ABS-3101.0-AustralianDemographicStatistics-EstimatedResidentPopulationStatesTerritories-EstimatedResidentPopulation-Persons-Victoria-A2060844K.svg/330px-ABS-3101.0-AustralianDemographicStatistics-EstimatedResidentPopulationStatesTerritories-EstimatedResidentPopulation-Persons-Victoria-A2060844K.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/ABS-3101.0-AustralianDemographicStatistics-EstimatedResidentPopulationStatesTerritories-EstimatedResidentPopulation-Persons-Victoria-A2060844K.svg/495px-ABS-3101.0-AustralianDemographicStatistics-EstimatedResidentPopulationStatesTerritories-EstimatedResidentPopulation-Persons-Victoria-A2060844K.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/ABS-3101.0-AustralianDemographicStatistics-EstimatedResidentPopulationStatesTerritories-EstimatedResidentPopulation-Persons-Victoria-A2060844K.svg/660px-ABS-3101.0-AustralianDemographicStatistics-EstimatedResidentPopulationStatesTerritories-EstimatedResidentPopulation-Persons-Victoria-A2060844K.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>The estimated resident population since 1981</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:.5em; font-size:90%;"> <caption>Population growth<br />estimates for Victoria </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Population<br />estimate </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2001</td> <td style="text-align:center;">4,763,615 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2011</td> <td style="text-align:center;">5,537,817 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2021</td> <td style="text-align:center;">6,547,822 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2031</td> <td style="text-align:center;">7,802,503 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2041</td> <td style="text-align:center;">9,057,948 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2051</td> <td style="text-align:center;">10,328,326 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size:80%; text-align:center;">Source: Dept of Transport and<br /> Planning </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_skyline_sor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Melbourne_skyline_sor.jpg/320px-Melbourne_skyline_sor.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Melbourne_skyline_sor.jpg/480px-Melbourne_skyline_sor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Melbourne_skyline_sor.jpg/640px-Melbourne_skyline_sor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1454" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, the state capital, is home to more than three in four Victorians.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lane_of_Chinatown_(6760133489).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Lane_of_Chinatown_%286760133489%29.jpg/303px-Lane_of_Chinatown_%286760133489%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="303" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Lane_of_Chinatown_%286760133489%29.jpg/455px-Lane_of_Chinatown_%286760133489%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Lane_of_Chinatown_%286760133489%29.jpg/606px-Lane_of_Chinatown_%286760133489%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4301" data-file-height="2867" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Melbourne" title="Chinatown, Melbourne">Chinatown, Melbourne</a>. 2.7% of the Victorian population was born in China, 6.7% of the Victorian population is of Chinese ancestry, and 3.2% of the Victorian population speaks Mandarin at home.</figcaption></figure> <p>At March 2024 Victoria had a population of 6,959,200.<sup id="cite_ref-ABSPop_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSPop-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Australian Bureau of Statistics">Australian Bureau of Statistics</a> estimates that the population may well reach 10.3 million by 2051. </p><p>Victoria's founding <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Celtic_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Celtic Australian">Anglo-Celtic</a> population has been supplemented by successive waves of <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Australia" title="Immigration to Australia">migrants</a> from <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and, most recently, <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>. Victoria's population is ageing in proportion with the average of the remainder of the Australian population. </p><p>About 72% of Victorians are Australian-born. This figure falls to around 66% in Melbourne but rises to higher than 95% in some rural areas in the north west of the state. Less than 1% of Victorians identify themselves as <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aborigines">Aboriginal</a>. </p><p>More than 75% of Victorians live in Melbourne, located in the state's south. The greater Melbourne metropolitan area is home to an estimated 5,207,145 people.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Urban centres outside Melbourne include <a href="/wiki/Geelong" title="Geelong">Geelong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballarat" title="Ballarat">Ballarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bendigo" title="Bendigo">Bendigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shepparton" title="Shepparton">Shepparton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mildura" title="Mildura">Mildura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warrnambool" title="Warrnambool">Warrnambool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wodonga" title="Wodonga">Wodonga</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Latrobe_Valley" title="Latrobe Valley">Latrobe Valley</a>. </p><p>Victoria is Australia's most urbanised state: nearly 90% of residents living in cities and towns. State Government efforts to decentralise population have included an official campaign run since 2003 to encourage Victorians to settle in regional areas,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however Melbourne continues to rapidly outpace these areas in terms of population growth.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancestry_and_immigration">Ancestry and immigration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ancestry and immigration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Australia" title="Immigration to Australia">Immigration to Australia</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right;"> <caption>Country of birth (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Birthplace<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australians" title="Australians">Australia</a></td> <td>3,845,493 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="English Australian">England</a></td> <td>171,443 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Australian">India</a></td> <td>169,802 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Australian">Mainland China</a></td> <td>160,652 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Zealander_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealander Australian">New Zealand</a></td> <td>93,253 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese Australian">Vietnam</a></td> <td>80,253 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Australian">Italy</a></td> <td>70,527 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Australian">Sri Lanka</a></td> <td>55,830 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Australians" title="Filipino Australians">Philippines</a></td> <td>51,290 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Australian">Malaysia</a></td> <td>50,049 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greek_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Australian">Greece</a></td> <td>47,240 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>At the 2016 census, the most commonly nominated ancestries were:<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-censusdata.abs.gov.au_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusdata.abs.gov.au-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="English Australian">English</a> (32%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australians" title="Australians">Australian</a> (29.9%)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Australian">Irish</a> (10.8%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Australians" title="Scottish Australians">Scottish</a> (8.9%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Australians" title="Chinese Australians">Chinese</a> (6.7%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Australian">Italian</a> (6.4%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Australian">Indian</a> (3.8%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="German Australian">German</a> (3.6%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Australian">Greek</a> (3.1%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese Australian">Vietnamese</a> (2%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Australians" title="Dutch Australians">Dutch</a> (1.8%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Australians" title="Maltese Australians">Maltese</a> (1.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Australians" title="Filipino Australians">Filipino</a> (1.2%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Australians" title="Polish Australians">Polish</a> (1%)</li></ul></div> <p>0.8% of the population, or 47,788 people, identified as <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islanders</a>) in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-censusdata.abs.gov.au_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusdata.abs.gov.au-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the 2016 census, 64.9% of residents were born in Australia. The other most common countries of birth were <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> (2.9%), <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (2.9%), <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a> (2.7%), <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> (1.6%) and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> (1.4%).<sup id="cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-censusdata.abs.gov.au_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusdata.abs.gov.au-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of the 2016 census, 72.2% of Victorians speak English at home. Speakers of other languages include <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> (3.2%), <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> (1.9%), <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> (1.9%), <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> (1.7%), and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> (1.3%).<sup id="cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-censusdata.abs.gov.au_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusdata.abs.gov.au-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 2016 Census, 47.9% of Victorians described themselves as <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>, 10.6% stated that they followed other religions and 32.1% stated that they had no religion or held secular or other spiritual beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the survey, 31.7% of Victorians stated they had no religion, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholics</a> were 23.2%, 9.4% did not answer the question, 9% were <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> and 3.5% were <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017 the proportion of couples marrying in a civil ceremony in Victoria was 77.3%; the other 22.7% were married in a religious ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Age_structure_and_fertility">Age structure and fertility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Age structure and fertility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The government predicts that nearly a quarter of Victorians will be aged over 60 by 2021. The 2016 census revealed that Australian <a href="/wiki/Median_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Median age">median age</a> has crept upward from 35 to 37 since 2001, which reflects the <a href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">population growth</a> peak of 1969–72.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, Victoria recorded a <a href="/wiki/Total_Fertility_Rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Total Fertility Rate">TFR</a> of 1.724.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Average_demographic">Average demographic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Average demographic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "average Victorian" according to the demographic statistics may be described as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>2016 Victorian Census </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Median age </th> <td>37 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sex (mode) </th> <td>Female </td></tr> <tr> <th>Country of birth of person (mode) </th> <td>Australia </td></tr> <tr> <th>Country of birth of parents (mode) </th> <td>At least one parent born overseas </td></tr> <tr> <th>Language spoken at home (mode) </th> <td>English </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ancestry 1st response (mode) </th> <td>English </td></tr> <tr> <th>Social marital status (mode) </th> <td>Married in a registered marriage </td></tr> <tr> <th>Family composition (mode) </th> <td>Couple family with children </td></tr> <tr> <th>Count of all children in family (mode) </th> <td>Two children in family </td></tr> <tr> <th>Highest year of school completed (mode) </th> <td>Year 12 or equivalent </td></tr> <tr> <th>Unpaid domestic work: number of hours (mode) </th> <td>5 to 14 hours </td></tr> <tr> <th>Number of motor vehicles (mode) </th> <td>Two vehicles </td></tr> <tr> <th>Number of bedrooms in private dwelling (mode) </th> <td>Three bedrooms </td></tr> <tr> <th>Tenure type (dwelling count) (mode) </th> <td>Owned with a mortgage </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crime">Crime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Victoria" title="Crime in Victoria">Crime in Victoria</a></div> <p>In the year ending September 2020, the statistics were skewed by the introduction of six new public safety offences relating to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Australia">COVID-19 pandemic in Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Total offences numbered 551,710, with 32,713 of these being breaches of <a href="/wiki/Chief_Health_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Health Officer">Chief Health Officer</a> Directions. The total offences occurred at a rate of 8,227 per 100,000 people, up 4.4% on the previous year. While there have been some dips along the way, the rate of recorded offences have increased year on year since 2011, when the figure was 6,937.7 offences per 100,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Criminal offences recorded in Victoria 2010–14<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>2012 </th> <th>2013 </th> <th>2014 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Number of offences </td> <td>378,082 </td> <td>386,061 </td> <td>423,555 </td> <td>437,409 </td> <td>456,381 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Victoria">Government of Victoria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VIC_Parliament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/VIC_Parliament.jpg/230px-VIC_Parliament.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/VIC_Parliament.jpg/345px-VIC_Parliament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/VIC_Parliament.jpg/460px-VIC_Parliament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>The Victorian <a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Melbourne" title="Parliament House, Melbourne">Parliament House</a>, built in 1856, stands in <a href="/wiki/Spring_Street,_Melbourne" title="Spring Street, Melbourne">Spring Street</a>, Melbourne. The building was intended to be finished with a <a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">dome</a>, but was not completed due to budget constraints.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vic_legislative_council_1878.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Vic_legislative_council_1878.jpg/230px-Vic_legislative_council_1878.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Vic_legislative_council_1878.jpg/345px-Vic_legislative_council_1878.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Vic_legislative_council_1878.jpg/460px-Vic_legislative_council_1878.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Legislative_Council" title="Victorian Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a> Chamber, as photographed in 1878</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Town_Hall,_Geelong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Town_Hall%2C_Geelong.jpg/230px-Town_Hall%2C_Geelong.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Town_Hall%2C_Geelong.jpg/345px-Town_Hall%2C_Geelong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Town_Hall%2C_Geelong.jpg/460px-Town_Hall%2C_Geelong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption>One of many local government seats, <a href="/wiki/Geelong_Town_Hall" title="Geelong Town Hall">Geelong Town Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliament">Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Victoria" title="Parliament of Victoria">Parliament of Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Legislative_Assembly" title="Victorian Legislative Assembly">Victorian Legislative Assembly</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Legislative_Council" title="Victorian Legislative Council">Victorian Legislative Council</a></div> <p>Victoria has a parliamentary form of government based on the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster System">Westminster System</a>. Legislative power resides in the Parliament consisting of the Governor (the representative of the King), the executive (the Government), and two legislative chambers. The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Victoria" title="Parliament of Victoria">Parliament of Victoria</a> consists of the lower house <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Legislative_Assembly" title="Victorian Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a>, the upper house <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Legislative_Council" title="Victorian Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">monarch</a>. Eighty-eight members of the Legislative Assembly are elected to four-year terms from single-member electorates. </p><p>In November 2006, the Victorian Legislative Council elections were held under a new multi-member proportional representation system. The State of Victoria was divided into eight electorates with each electorate represented by five representatives elected by <a href="/wiki/Single_Transferable_Vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Single Transferable Vote">Single Transferable Vote</a>. The total number of upper house members was reduced from 44 to 40 and their term of office is now the same as the lower house members—four years. Elections for the Victorian Parliament are now fixed and occur in November every four years. Prior to the 2006 election, the Legislative Council consisted of 44 members elected to eight-year terms from 22 two-member electorates. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Party</th> <th>Legislative Assembly</th> <th>Legislative Council </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor</a></td> <td>56</td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal</a></td> <td>19</td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#90EE90"><a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Australia" title="National Party of Australia">National</a></td> <td>9</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#76FF7A"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Greens" title="Australian Greens">Greens</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#cccccc">Others</td> <td>0</td> <td>7 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Premier_and_cabinet">Premier and cabinet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Premier and cabinet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Victoria" title="Premier of Victoria">Premier of Victoria</a> is the leader of the political party or coalition with the most seats in the Legislative Assembly. The Premier is the public face of government and, with cabinet, sets the legislative and political agenda. Cabinet consists of representatives elected to either house of parliament. It is responsible for managing areas of government that are not exclusively vested in the Commonwealth, by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Constitution">Australian Constitution</a>, such as education, health and law enforcement. The current Premier of Victoria is <a href="/wiki/Jacinta_Allan" title="Jacinta Allan">Jacinta Allan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governor">Governor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Governor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Victoria" title="Governor of Victoria">Governor of Victoria</a></div> <p>Executive authority is vested in the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Victoria" title="Governor of Victoria">Governor of Victoria</a> who represents and is appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">monarch</a>. The post is usually filled by a retired prominent Victorian. The governor acts on the advice of the premier and cabinet. The current Governor of Victoria is <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Gardner" title="Margaret Gardner">Margaret Gardner</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitution">Constitution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Victoria" title="Constitution of Victoria">Constitution of Victoria</a></div> <p>Victoria has a written constitution enacted in 1975,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but based on the 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the <i>Victoria Constitution Act 1855</i>, which establishes the Parliament as the state's law-making body for matters coming under state responsibility. The Victorian Constitution can be amended by the Parliament of Victoria, except for certain "entrenched" provisions that require either an absolute majority in both houses, a three-fifths majority in both houses, or the approval of the Victorian people in a referendum, depending on the provision. To this day, not a single referendum has been held to change the Victorian Constitution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Victoria" title="Politics of Victoria">Politics of Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electoral_regions_of_Victoria" title="Electoral regions of Victoria">Electoral regions of Victoria</a></div> <p>Victoria is considered by some analysts to be the most <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive</a> state in the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state recorded the highest <i>Yes</i> votes of any state in the <a href="/wiki/1999_Australian_republic_referendum" title="1999 Australian republic referendum">republic referendum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Marriage_Law_Postal_Survey" title="Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey">same-sex marriage survey</a> and <a href="/wiki/2023_Australian_Indigenous_Voice_referendum" title="2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum">Indigenous Voice referendum</a>. Victorians are said to be "generally socially progressive, supportive of multiculturalism, wary of extremes of any kind".<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Premier <a href="/wiki/Jacinta_Allan" title="Jacinta Allan">Jacinta Allan</a> leads the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Labor_Party" title="Victorian Labor Party">Victorian Labor Party</a> who replaced <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Andrews" title="Daniel Andrews">Daniel Andrews</a> after his resignation in September 2023. Labor has been in power since the <a href="/wiki/2014_Victorian_state_election" title="2014 Victorian state election">November 2014 Victorian state election</a>, and has been in power in 31 of the 42 years since 1982. </p><p>The centre-left <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a> (ALP), the centre-right <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal Party of Australia</a>, the rural-based <a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Australia" title="National Party of Australia">National Party of Australia</a>, and the left-wing environmentalist <a href="/wiki/Australian_Greens" title="Australian Greens">Australian Greens</a> are Victoria's main political parties. Traditionally, Labor is strongest in Melbourne's working and middle class western, northern and inner-city suburbs, and the regional cities of <a href="/wiki/Ballarat" title="Ballarat">Ballarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bendigo" title="Bendigo">Bendigo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geelong" title="Geelong">Geelong</a>. The Liberals' main support lies in Melbourne's more affluent eastern suburbs and outer suburbs, and some rural and regional centres. The Nationals are strongest in Victoria's North Western and Eastern rural regional areas. The Greens, who won their first lower house seats in 2014, are strongest in inner Melbourne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_government">Federal government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Federal government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Victorian voters elect 50 representatives to the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a>, including 38 members of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> and 12 members of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Senate</a>. Since 1 April 2023, the ALP hold 25 Victorian house seats, the Liberals 10, the Nationals three, the Greens one, and independents the remaining three. The ALP and the Liberals hold four senate seats each, while the Nationals, Greens, UAP and an independent hold one seat each. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Victoria" title="Local government areas of Victoria">Local government areas of Victoria</a></div> <p>Victoria is incorporated into 79 municipalities for the purposes of local government, including 39 shires, 32 cities, seven rural cities and one borough. Shire and city councils are responsible for functions delegated by the Victorian parliament, such as city planning, road infrastructure and waste management. Council revenue comes mostly from property taxes and government grants.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Victoria" title="Education in Victoria">Education in Victoria</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary">Primary and secondary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Primary and secondary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Camberwell_High_School.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Camberwell_High_School.jpg/220px-Camberwell_High_School.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Camberwell_High_School.jpg/330px-Camberwell_High_School.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Camberwell_High_School.jpg/440px-Camberwell_High_School.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Camberwell_High_School" title="Camberwell High School">Camberwell High School</a>, a public secondary school in Victoria</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_University_south_lawn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Melbourne_University_south_lawn.jpg/230px-Melbourne_University_south_lawn.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Melbourne_University_south_lawn.jpg/345px-Melbourne_University_south_lawn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Melbourne_University_south_lawn.jpg/460px-Melbourne_University_south_lawn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="858" data-file-height="578" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a>, ranked as one of the best universities in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere, is Victoria's oldest university.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg/220px-Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg/330px-Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg/440px-Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2236" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Deakin_University" title="Deakin University">Deakin University</a> consistently leads the state in student satisfaction, and is consistently ranked as one of the world's best young universities.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:State_Library_of_Victoria_-_right_side.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/State_Library_of_Victoria_-_right_side.jpg/230px-State_Library_of_Victoria_-_right_side.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/State_Library_of_Victoria_-_right_side.jpg/345px-State_Library_of_Victoria_-_right_side.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/State_Library_of_Victoria_-_right_side.jpg/460px-State_Library_of_Victoria_-_right_side.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2150" data-file-height="1433" /></a><figcaption>The State Library of Victoria is the fourth most visited public library in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Victoria's <a href="/wiki/Public_school_(government_funded)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public school (government funded)">state school</a> system dates back to 1872, when the colonial government legislated to make schooling both free and compulsory. The state's public secondary school system began in 1905. Before then, only private secondary schooling was available. Today, a Victorian school education consists of seven years of primary schooling (including one preparatory year) and six years of secondary schooling. </p><p>The final years of secondary school are optional for children aged over 17. Victorian children generally begin school at age five or six. On completing secondary school, students earn the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Certificate_of_Education" title="Victorian Certificate of Education">Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE)</a> or <a href="/wiki/VCE_Vocational_Major" title="VCE Vocational Major">Victorian Certificate of Education - Vocational Major (VCE-VM)</a>. Students who successfully complete their VCE (not including VCE-VM students) also receive an <a href="/wiki/ATAR" class="mw-redirect" title="ATAR">ATAR</a>, to determine university admittance (unless the student is <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Certificate_of_Education#Unscored_VCE" title="Victorian Certificate of Education">'going unscored'</a>. </p><p>Victorian schools are either publicly or privately funded. Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Education_(Victoria)" title="Department of Education (Victoria)">Victorian Department of Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students do not pay tuition fees, but some extra costs are levied. Private fee-paying schools include parish schools run by the Roman Catholic Church and independent schools similar to British public schools. Independent schools are usually affiliated with Protestant churches. Victoria also has several private Jewish and Islamic primary and secondary schools. Private schools also receive some public funding. All schools must comply with government-set curriculum standards. In addition, Victoria has six government <a href="/wiki/Selective_school" title="Selective school">selective schools</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_High_School" title="Melbourne High School">Melbourne High School</a> for boys, <a href="/wiki/MacRobertson_Girls%27_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="MacRobertson Girls' High School">MacRobertson Girls' High School</a> for girls, the coeducational schools <a href="/wiki/John_Monash_Science_School" title="John Monash Science School">John Monash Science School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nossal_High_School" title="Nossal High School">Nossal High School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Cory_High_School" title="Suzanne Cory High School">Suzanne Cory High School</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_College_of_the_Arts_Secondary_School" title="Victorian College of the Arts Secondary School">Victorian College of the Arts Secondary School</a>. Students at these schools are exclusively admitted on the basis of an academic selective entry test. Victoria also offers an online schooling system, called Virtual School Victoria, or VSV. </p><p>As of February 2019, Victoria had 1,529 public schools, 496 Catholic schools and 219 independent schools. Just under 631,500 students were enrolled in public schools, and just over 357,000 in private schools. Over 58 per cent of private students attend Catholic schools. More than 552,300 students were enrolled in primary schools and more than 418,600 in secondary schools. Retention rates for the final two years of secondary school were 84.3 per cent for public school students and 91.5 per cent for private school students. Victoria has about 46,523 full-time teachers.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tertiary_education">Tertiary education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Tertiary education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Victoria has <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Australia#Victoria" title="List of universities in Australia">nine universities</a>. The first to offer degrees, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a>, enrolled its first student in 1855. The largest, <a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash University</a>, has an enrolment of over 83,000 students—more than any other Australian university.<sup id="cite_ref-ucube_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucube-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The number of students enrolled in Victorian universities was 418,447 in 2018, an increase of 5.3% on the previous year. International students made up 40% of enrolments and account for the highest percentage of pre-paid university tuition fees.<sup id="cite_ref-ucube_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucube-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest number of enrolments were recorded in the fields of business, administration and economics, with nearly 30% of all students, followed by arts, humanities, and social science, with 18% of enrolments.<sup id="cite_ref-ucube_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucube-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Victoria has 12 government-run institutions of technical and further education (<a href="/wiki/TAFE#Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="TAFE">TAFE</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first vocational institution in the state was the Melbourne Mechanics' Institute (established in 1839), which is now the <a href="/wiki/Athenaeum,_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Athenaeum, Melbourne">Melbourne Athenaeum</a>. More than 1,000 adult education organisations are registered to provide recognised TAFE programs. In 2014, there were 443,000 students enrolled in vocational education in the state. By 2018, the number of students in the sector had dropped by 40 per cent to 265,000—a five-year low which the education department attributed to withdrawal of funding to low-quality providers and a societal shift to university education.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Libraries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/State_Library_Victoria" title="State Library Victoria">State Library Victoria</a> is the State's research and reference library. It is responsible for collecting and preserving Victoria's documentary heritage and making it available through a range of services and programs. Material in the collection includes books, newspapers, magazines, journals, manuscripts, maps, pictures, objects, sound and video recordings and databases. The state has <a href="/wiki/Public_library" title="Public library">public libraries</a> in most LGAs (typically with multiple branches in their respective municipal areas) and <a href="/wiki/Academic_library" title="Academic library">academic libraries in universities</a>, and some <a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Victoria#Special_libraries" title="List of libraries in Victoria">special libraries</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Victoria_(state)" title="Economy of Victoria (state)">Economy of Victoria (state)</a></div> <table class="wikitable toccolours" style="float:right; font-size:90%; margin-top:0.3em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" style="background:#cef; text-align:center;">Victorian production and<br />workers by economic activities </th></tr> <tr style="background:#ccc; vertical-align:top;"> <th>Economic<br />sector </th> <th>GSP<br />produced<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Number of<br />workers ('000s) </th> <th>Percentage<br />of workers </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Finance, insurance<br />services </td> <td>12.8% </td> <td>115.5 </td> <td>3.8% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Professional,<br />technical services </td> <td>9.1% </td> <td>274.3 </td> <td>9.0% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Manufacturing </td> <td>8.6% </td> <td>274.4 </td> <td>9.0% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Health Care,<br />social services </td> <td>8.5% </td> <td>390.6 </td> <td>12.8% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Construction </td> <td>7.7% </td> <td>255.7 </td> <td>6.4% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Education </td> <td>6.7% </td> <td>257.7 </td> <td>8.5% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Retail Trade </td> <td>6.0% </td> <td>310.6 </td> <td>10.2% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Transport Services </td> <td>5.7% </td> <td>165.4 </td> <td>5.4% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Wholesale Trade </td> <td>5.6% </td> <td>113.4 </td> <td>3.7% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Public<br />Administration </td> <td>5.0% </td> <td>146.5 </td> <td>4.8% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Communications<br />and IT </td> <td>3.9% </td> <td>57.0 </td> <td>1.9% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Real Estate </td> <td>3.7% </td> <td>43.6 </td> <td>1.4% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Administrative<br />services </td> <td>3.3% </td> <td>119.0 </td> <td>3.9% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Accommodation and<br />food services </td> <td>2.9% </td> <td>209.9 </td> <td>6.9% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Agriculture, forestry<br />and fishing </td> <td>2.8% </td> <td>86.1 </td> <td>2.8% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Utilities </td> <td>2.4% </td> <td>39.4 </td> <td>1.3% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Mining </td> <td>2.0% </td> <td>11.0 </td> <td>0.4% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Arts and<br />recreation </td> <td>1.1% </td> <td>63.2 </td> <td>2.1% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Other Services </td> <td>– </td> <td>115.1 </td> <td>3.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="font-size:90%; background:#cef;">Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics. GSP as of June 2016. Employment as of Aug 2016. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The state of Victoria is the second largest economy in Australia after New South Wales, accounting for a quarter of the nation's gross domestic product. The total <a href="/wiki/Gross_state_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross state product">gross state product</a> (GSP) at current prices for Victoria was A$459 billion in June 2020, with a GSP per capita of A$68,996.<sup id="cite_ref-gspref_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gspref-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Australia" title="Agriculture in Australia">Agriculture in Australia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victorian_stand_in_1867.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Victorian_stand_in_1867.jpg/220px-Victorian_stand_in_1867.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Victorian_stand_in_1867.jpg/330px-Victorian_stand_in_1867.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Victorian_stand_in_1867.jpg/440px-Victorian_stand_in_1867.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3136" data-file-height="2402" /></a><figcaption>Victoria's stand at the Paris <i>Exhibition Universal</i> of 1867, showing bales of wool</figcaption></figure> <p>Victoria is Australia's second-largest agricultural producer in gross value of production, representing about 25 percent of Australia's total food production.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 67,600 people employed in the agricultural industry, making it the 6th largest employer in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are about 21,600 farms in the state, managing more than 11.4 million hectares or 50% of the state's total landmass, of which 40% was used for <a href="/wiki/Crop" title="Crop">cropping</a> and 50% for <a href="/wiki/Grazing" title="Grazing">grazing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Victorian farms produce nearly 90% of Australian pears and a third of apples. The main vegetable crops include asparagus, broccoli, carrots, potatoes, and tomatoes.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More than 14 million sheep and 5 million lambs graze over 10% of Victorian farms, mostly in the state's north and west.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pgt_126" class="mw-redirect" title="Pgt 126"><i>Pgt</i> standard race 126</a> was the most common <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Stem_Rust"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Stem Rust</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Puccinia_graminis_f._sp._tritici" class="mw-redirect" title="Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici"><i>Puccinia graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i></a>) race here from 1929 to 1941, as it was for the whole of Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-Somatic-Hybridization_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Somatic-Hybridization-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First detected on <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> in 1954, <a href="/wiki/Pgt_21" class="mw-redirect" title="Pgt 21">standard race 21</a> was the most common race by the next year in this state, the southern part of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">NSW</a>, and Tasmania.<sup id="cite_ref-Somatic-Hybridization_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Somatic-Hybridization-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="Leaf_Rust"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Leaf Rust</span></span> (<i><a href="/wiki/Puccinia_triticina" class="mw-redirect" title="Puccinia triticina">P. triticina</a></i>) is known to have been present here, and throughout the continent, at least since European colonization.<sup id="cite_ref-Somatic-Hybridization_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Somatic-Hybridization-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>P. triticina</i> <a href="/wiki/Pathotype" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathotype">pathotype</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="104-2,3,(6),(7),11"></span><span class="vanchor-text">104-2,3,(6),(7),11</span></span> was first found here in 1984 and has contributed to populations ever since.<sup id="cite_ref-Somatic-Hybridization_86-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Somatic-Hybridization-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is considered to be foreign to Australia due to a difference in <a href="/wiki/Pathogenicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathogenicity">pathogenicity</a> and due to its unique <i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="Pgm2_c"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Pgm2 c</span></span></i> <a href="/wiki/Allele" title="Allele">allele</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Somatic-Hybridization_86-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Somatic-Hybridization-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Victorian farms produce nearly 90% of Australian <a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">pears</a> and a third of <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apples</a>. It is also a leader in <a href="/wiki/Prunus" title="Prunus">stone fruit</a> (<i>Prunus</i>) production. The main vegetable crops include <a href="/wiki/Asparagus" title="Asparagus">asparagus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broccoli" title="Broccoli">broccoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrot" title="Carrot">carrots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomatoes</a>. Last year, 121,200 metric tons (133,600 short tons) of pears and 270,000 metric tons (300,000 short tons) of tomatoes were produced. More than 14 million sheep and 5 million lambs graze over 10% of Victorian farms, mostly in the state's north and west. In 2004, nearly 10 million lambs and sheep were slaughtered for local consumption and export. Victoria also exports live sheep to the Middle East for meat and to the rest of the world for breeding. More than 108,000 metric tons (119,000 short tons) of wool clip was also produced—one-fifth of the Australian total. </p><p>Victoria is the centre of dairy farming in Australia. It is home to 60% of Australia's 3 million dairy cattle and produces nearly two-thirds of the nation's milk, almost 6.4 billion litres (1.7 billion US gallons). The state also has 2.4 million beef cattle, with more than 2.2 million cattle and calves slaughtered each year. In 2003–04, Victorian commercial fishing crews and aquaculture industry produced 11,634 metric tons (12,824 short tons) of seafood valued at nearly A$109 million. Blacklipped <a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">abalone</a> is the mainstay of the catch, bringing in A$46 million, followed by southern <a href="/wiki/Spiny_lobster" title="Spiny lobster">rock lobster</a> worth A$13.7 million. Most abalone and rock lobster is exported to Asia. </p><p>Most of Australia – including this state – imposed a moratorium on <a href="/wiki/GM_canola" class="mw-redirect" title="GM canola">GM canola</a> in 2003 to consider the positives and negatives.<sup id="cite_ref-Moratorium_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moratorium-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After consideration the ban here was lifted in 2008 and the state's produced a review of the effects of the moratorium and the expected economic and other effects of adoption or failure to adopt GM canola.<sup id="cite_ref-Moratorium_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moratorium-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government finds a benefit of <a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">AUS</a>$45 per hectare ($18/acre)/season over conventional.<sup id="cite_ref-Moratorium_87-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moratorium-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Late in 2019, the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> began, and Australian agriculture was heavily impacted by the resulting supply chain issues. The scarcity of freight space and disruption to Chinese New Year purchases was particularly painful, with China being Australia's largest export market and a particularly large buyer of live seafood.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> there are almost 100 <a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberry</a> farms here, most close to <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_CBD" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne CBD">Melbourne CBD</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Yarra_Valley" title="Yarra Valley">Yarra Valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Victorian-Straw_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Victorian-Straw-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are represented by the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="Victorian_Strawberries"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Victorian Strawberries</span></span> organization,<sup id="cite_ref-Victorian-Straw_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Victorian-Straw-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who recommend <a href="/wiki/Strawberry_variety" class="mw-redirect" title="Strawberry variety">varieties</a> for production.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Manufacturing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Victoria has a diverse range of manufacturing enterprises and Melbourne is considered Australia's most important industrial city. The post-World War II manufacturing boom was fuelled by international investment, attracted to the state by the availability of cheap land close to the city and inexpensive energy from the <a href="/wiki/Latrobe_Valley" title="Latrobe Valley">Latrobe Valley</a>. Victoria produced 26.4% of total manufacturing output in Australia in 2015–16, behind New South Wales at 32.4%. </p><p>Machinery and equipment manufacturing is the state's most valuable manufacturing activity, followed by food and beverage products, petrochemicals and chemicals. Prominent manufacturing plants in the state include the <a href="/wiki/Portland_aluminium_smelter" title="Portland aluminium smelter">Portland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Point_Henry_smelter" title="Point Henry smelter">Point Henry</a> aluminium smelters, owned by <a href="/wiki/Alcoa_World_Alumina_%26_Chemicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoa World Alumina & Chemicals">Alcoa</a>; <a href="/wiki/Geelong_Oil_Refinery" title="Geelong Oil Refinery">Geelong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Altona_Refinery" title="Altona Refinery">Altona</a> oil refineries; a major petrochemical facility at <a href="/wiki/Laverton,_Victoria" title="Laverton, Victoria">Laverton</a>; and Victorian-based <a href="/wiki/CSL_Limited" title="CSL Limited">CSL</a>, a global biotechnology company that produces vaccines and plasma products, among others. Victoria also plays an important role in providing goods for the <a href="/wiki/Defence_industry_of_Victoria" title="Defence industry of Victoria">defence industry</a>. </p><p>Victoria proportionally relies on manufacturing more than any other state in Australia, constituting 8.6% of total state product; slightly higher than South Australia at 8.0%. However, this proportion has been declining for three decades; in 1990 at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Early_1990s_recession_in_Australia" title="Early 1990s recession in Australia">early 1990s recession</a> manufacturing constituted 20.3% of total state output. Manufacturing output peaked in absolute terms in 2008, reaching $28.8 billion and has slowly fallen over the decade to $26.8 billion in 2016 (−0.77% per annum). Since 1990, manufacturing employment has also fallen in both aggregate (367,700 to 274,400 workers) and proportional (17.8% to 9.0%) terms. The strong Australian dollar as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Australia" title="Mining in Australia">2000s mining boom</a>, small population and isolation, high wage base and the general shift of manufacturing production towards developing countries have been cited as some of the reasons for this decline. </p><p>Historically, Victoria has been a hub for the manufacturing plants of the major car brands <a href="/wiki/Ford_Australia" title="Ford Australia">Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Australia" title="Toyota Australia">Toyota</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holden" title="Holden">Holden</a>; however, closure announcements by all three companies in the 2010s has meant Australia will completely lose their car manufacturing industry by the end of 2017. Holden's announcement occurred in May 2013 following Ford's decision in December the previous year (Ford's Victorian plants, in <a href="/wiki/Broadmeadows" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadmeadows">Broadmeadows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geelong" title="Geelong">Geelong</a>, closed in October 2016).<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toyota followed suit in February 2014 with an expected announcement as without Holden or Ford, local supply chains would struggle to create the <a href="/wiki/Economics_of_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Economics of scale">economics of scale</a> required to supply one manufacturer.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land">Land</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Land"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Victoria adopted the <a href="/wiki/Torrens_title" title="Torrens title">Torrens system</a> of land registration with the <i>Real Property Act 1862</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Torrens system did not replace the common law system but applied only to new land grants and to land that has been voluntarily registered under the Act, and its successors. The common law system continues to apply to all other private landholdings. <a href="/wiki/Crown_land#Australia" title="Crown land">Crown land</a> held in Victoria is managed under the <i>Crown Land (Reserves) Act 1978</i> and the <i>Land Act 1958</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mining">Mining</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Mining"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yallourn-w-power-station-australia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Yallourn-w-power-station-australia.jpg/230px-Yallourn-w-power-station-australia.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Yallourn-w-power-station-australia.jpg/345px-Yallourn-w-power-station-australia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Yallourn-w-power-station-australia.jpg/460px-Yallourn-w-power-station-australia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="827" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yallourn_Power_Station" title="Yallourn Power Station">Yallourn Power Station</a> in the Latrobe Valley</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Victoria" title="Energy in Victoria">Energy in Victoria</a></div> <p>Mining in Victoria contributes around A$6 billion to the gross state product (~2%) but employs less than 1% of workers. The Victorian mining industry is concentrated on energy producing minerals, with <a href="/wiki/Brown_coal" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown coal">brown coal</a>, petroleum and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">gas</a> accounting for nearly 90% of local production. The oil and gas industries are centred off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Gippsland" title="Gippsland">Gippsland</a> in the state's east, while brown coal mining and power generation is based in the <a href="/wiki/Latrobe_Valley" title="Latrobe Valley">Latrobe Valley</a>. </p><p>In 1985, oil production from the offshore Gippsland Basin peaked to an annual average of 450,000 barrels (72,000 m<sup>3</sup>) per day. In 2005–2006, the average daily oil production has declined to 83,000 bbl (13,200 m<sup>3</sup>)/d, but despite the decline Victoria still produces almost 19.5% of crude oil in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-macrabbit_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macrabbit-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2005–06 fiscal year, the average gas production was over 700 million cubic feet (20,000,000 m<sup>3</sup>) per day (M cuft/d) and represented 18% of the total national gas sales, with demand growing at 2% per year.<sup id="cite_ref-macrabbit_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macrabbit-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Campaigning resulted in a prohibition on onshore gas exploration and production in Victoria in 2014,. This was partially lifted in 2021 but the state retains a constitutional ban on fracking.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brown_coal" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown coal">Brown coal</a> is Victoria's leading mineral, with 66 million tonnes mined each year for electricity generation in the Latrobe Valley, Gippsland.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region is home to the world's largest known reserves of brown coal. Despite being the historic centre of Australia's gold rush, Victoria today contributes a mere 1% of national gold production. Victoria also produces limited amounts of <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaolin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaolin">kaolin</a>. Victoria's gold production is mostly derived from the <a href="/wiki/Fosterville_Gold_Mine" title="Fosterville Gold Mine">Fosterville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stawell_Gold_Mine" title="Stawell Gold Mine">Stawell</a> Gold Mines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tourism is a significant industry in the state of <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria, Australia">Victoria, Australia</a>. The country's second most-populous city, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> was visited by 2.7 million international overnight visitors and 9.3 million domestic overnight visitors during the year ending December 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-T_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Named the <a href="/wiki/Most_livable_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Most livable cities">world's most liveable city</a> from 2011 to 2017, Melbourne's culture and lifestyle have been increasingly promoted internationally, leading to average year-on-year growth of international visitors of 10% in the five years to 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-T_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some major tourist destinations in Victoria are: </p> <ul><li>The metropolis of Melbourne, particular its inner city suburbs (known also for shopping tourism) and the attractions of the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_city_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne city centre">city centre</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Zoo" title="Melbourne Zoo">Melbourne Zoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Museum" title="Melbourne Museum">Melbourne Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Aquarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne Aquarium">Melbourne Aquarium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scienceworks_Museum_(Melbourne)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scienceworks Museum (Melbourne)">Scienceworks</a>, tourism precincts such as <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Docklands" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne Docklands">Melbourne Docklands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southbank,_Victoria" title="Southbank, Victoria">Southbank</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Victoria" title="St Kilda, Victoria">St Kilda</a> as well as cultural and sporting tourist icons such as <a href="/wiki/Arts_Centre_Melbourne" title="Arts Centre Melbourne">Arts Centre Melbourne</a>, the <a href="/wiki/East_End_Theatre_District" title="East End Theatre District">East End Theatre District</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Victoria" title="National Gallery of Victoria">National Gallery of Victoria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground" title="Melbourne Cricket Ground">Melbourne Cricket Ground</a>, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground" title="Melbourne Cricket Ground">MCG</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Eureka_Tower" title="Eureka Tower">Eureka Tower</a>, with the highest observation deck in the Southern Hemisphere, Skydeck 88.</li> <li>Victoria has more than 2000 kilometres of coastline with hundreds of beaches.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Goldfields region featuring the historic cities of <a href="/wiki/Ballarat" title="Ballarat">Ballarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beechworth" title="Beechworth">Beechworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bendigo" title="Bendigo">Bendigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castlemaine,_Victoria" title="Castlemaine, Victoria">Castlemaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maldon,_Victoria" title="Maldon, Victoria">Maldon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daylesford,_Victoria" title="Daylesford, Victoria">Daylesford</a>.</li> <li>Natural attractions, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Twelve_Apostles,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="The Twelve Apostles, Victoria">The Twelve Apostles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilsons_Promontory" title="Wilsons Promontory">Wilsons Promontory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grampians_National_Park" title="Grampians National Park">The Grampians</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Little_penguin" title="Little penguin">fairy penguins</a> (particularly at <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Island_(Victoria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillip Island (Victoria)">Phillip Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Victoria" title="St Kilda, Victoria">St Kilda</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Buchan_Caves" title="Buchan Caves">Buchan Caves</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gippsland_Lakes" title="Gippsland Lakes">Gippsland Lakes</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dandenong_Ranges" title="Dandenong Ranges">Dandenong Ranges</a> (in particular the <a href="/wiki/Puffing_Billy_Railway" title="Puffing Billy Railway">Puffing Billy Railway</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healesville_Sanctuary" title="Healesville Sanctuary">Healesville Sanctuary</a>, which specialises in local Australian species.</li> <li>Towns along the Murray River and Riverina including <a href="/wiki/Echuca,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Echuca, Victoria">Echuca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mildura" title="Mildura">Mildura</a> including waterskiing.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geelong,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Geelong, Victoria">Geelong</a> and its famous Waterfront, Eastern Beach and Geelong West's Pakington Street.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bellarine_Peninsula" title="Bellarine Peninsula">Bellarine Peninsula</a> which features vineyards and historic resort towns such as <a href="/wiki/Queenscliff,_Victoria" title="Queenscliff, Victoria">Queenscliff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drysdale,_Victoria" title="Drysdale, Victoria">Drysdale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portarlington,_Victoria" title="Portarlington, Victoria">Portarlington</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Werribee_Park_Mansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Werribee Park Mansion">Werribee Park Mansion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Werribee_Open_Range_Zoo" title="Werribee Open Range Zoo">Werribee Open Range Zoo</a>.</li> <li>The Surf Coast which features famous beaches such as <a href="/wiki/Bells_Beach,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bells Beach, Victoria">Bells Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torquay,_Victoria" title="Torquay, Victoria">Torquay</a> and Lorne</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mornington_Peninsula" title="Mornington Peninsula">Mornington Peninsula</a>, particularly for its wineries in <a href="/wiki/Red_Hill,_Victoria" title="Red Hill, Victoria">Red Hill</a> and secluded beaches in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Eliza,_Victoria" title="Mount Eliza, Victoria">Mount Eliza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mornington,_Victoria" title="Mornington, Victoria">Mornington</a>, The Pillars in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Martha,_Victoria" title="Mount Martha, Victoria">Mount Martha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur%27s_Seat,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur's Seat, Victoria">Arthur's Seat</a> and the coastal attractions of <a href="/wiki/Portsea,_Victoria" title="Portsea, Victoria">Portsea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorrento,_Victoria" title="Sorrento, Victoria">Sorrento</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flinders,_Victoria" title="Flinders, Victoria">Flinders</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarra_Valley" title="Yarra Valley">Yarra Valley</a> (in particular <a href="/wiki/Healesville_Sanctuary" title="Healesville Sanctuary">Healesville Sanctuary</a> and wineries).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Ocean_Road" title="Great Ocean Road">Great Ocean Road</a>, which features The Twelve Apostles, historic towns of <a href="/wiki/Port_Fairy,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Fairy, Victoria">Port Fairy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Victoria" title="Portland, Victoria">Portland</a>, cliffs and whale watching and resort towns such as <a href="/wiki/Lorne,_Victoria" title="Lorne, Victoria">Lorne</a>.</li> <li>The Victorian Alpine Region, part of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Alps" title="Australian Alps">Australian Alps</a>, particularly for <a href="/wiki/Skiing_in_Victoria" title="Skiing in Victoria">skiing</a>.</li> <li>The Central Victorian Highlands, "High country" are very well known for winter sports and bushwalking.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_wine" title="Victorian wine">Wine regions</a> across the entire state.</li></ul> <p>Other popular tourism activities are gliding, hang-gliding, hot air ballooning and scuba diving. Major events that explore cultural diversity, music and sports play a big part in Victoria's tourism. The V8 Supercars and Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix at Phillip Island, the Grand Annual Steeplechase at Warrnambool and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_International_Airshow" title="Australian International Airshow">Australian International Airshow</a> at Avalon and numerous local festivals such as the popular <a href="/wiki/Port_Fairy_Folk_Festival" title="Port Fairy Folk Festival">Port Fairy Folk Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queenscliff_Music_Festival" title="Queenscliff Music Festival">Queenscliff Music Festival</a>, Pako Festa in Geelong West, Bells Beach Surf Classic and the <a href="/wiki/Bright,_Victoria" title="Bright, Victoria">Bright</a> Autumn Festival amongst others. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Urban_river_banks_(Unsplash).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Melbourne skyline at night"><img alt="The Melbourne skyline at night" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Urban_river_banks_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/200px-Urban_river_banks_%28Unsplash%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Urban_river_banks_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/300px-Urban_river_banks_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Urban_river_banks_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/400px-Urban_river_banks_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Melbourne skyline at night</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brighton_Beach_and_Beach_Huts,_Australia_-_panoramio_(37).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brighton Beach bathing boxes"><img alt="Brighton Beach bathing boxes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Brighton_Beach_and_Beach_Huts%2C_Australia_-_panoramio_%2837%29.jpg/200px-Brighton_Beach_and_Beach_Huts%2C_Australia_-_panoramio_%2837%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Brighton_Beach_and_Beach_Huts%2C_Australia_-_panoramio_%2837%29.jpg/300px-Brighton_Beach_and_Beach_Huts%2C_Australia_-_panoramio_%2837%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Brighton_Beach_and_Beach_Huts%2C_Australia_-_panoramio_%2837%29.jpg/400px-Brighton_Beach_and_Beach_Huts%2C_Australia_-_panoramio_%2837%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Victoria" title="Brighton, Victoria">Brighton Beach</a> bathing boxes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mornington_Mills_Beach_W_from_carpark.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mornington Mills Beach"><img alt="Mornington Mills Beach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mornington_Mills_Beach_W_from_carpark.jpg/200px-Mornington_Mills_Beach_W_from_carpark.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mornington_Mills_Beach_W_from_carpark.jpg/300px-Mornington_Mills_Beach_W_from_carpark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mornington_Mills_Beach_W_from_carpark.jpg/400px-Mornington_Mills_Beach_W_from_carpark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mornington,_Victoria" title="Mornington, Victoria">Mornington</a> Mills Beach</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Autumn_in_the_Dandenong_Ranges.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Autumn in the Dandenong Ranges"><img alt="Autumn in the Dandenong Ranges" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Autumn_in_the_Dandenong_Ranges.jpg/200px-Autumn_in_the_Dandenong_Ranges.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Autumn_in_the_Dandenong_Ranges.jpg/300px-Autumn_in_the_Dandenong_Ranges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Autumn_in_the_Dandenong_Ranges.jpg/400px-Autumn_in_the_Dandenong_Ranges.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Autumn in the Dandenong Ranges</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TwelveApostles-Gaz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Twelve Apostles"><img alt="The Twelve Apostles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/TwelveApostles-Gaz.jpg/200px-TwelveApostles-Gaz.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/TwelveApostles-Gaz.jpg/300px-TwelveApostles-Gaz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/TwelveApostles-Gaz.jpg/400px-TwelveApostles-Gaz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/The_Twelve_Apostles,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="The Twelve Apostles, Victoria">The Twelve Apostles</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunset_at_Jan_Juc,_Torquay_(6758802783).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jan Juc, Torquay"><img alt="Jan Juc, Torquay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Sunset_at_Jan_Juc%2C_Torquay_%286758802783%29.jpg/200px-Sunset_at_Jan_Juc%2C_Torquay_%286758802783%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Sunset_at_Jan_Juc%2C_Torquay_%286758802783%29.jpg/300px-Sunset_at_Jan_Juc%2C_Torquay_%286758802783%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Sunset_at_Jan_Juc%2C_Torquay_%286758802783%29.jpg/400px-Sunset_at_Jan_Juc%2C_Torquay_%286758802783%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4114" data-file-height="2743" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Juc" title="Jan Juc">Jan Juc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torquay,_Victoria" title="Torquay, Victoria">Torquay</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Melbourne" title="Transport in Melbourne">Transport in Melbourne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Victoria" title="Rail transport in Victoria">Rail transport in Victoria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:E_6001_and_E_6002_(Melbourne_trams)_in_Bourke_St_on_route_96,_2013.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two E-Class trams on Bourke St as part of the Melbourne tram network." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/E_6001_and_E_6002_%28Melbourne_trams%29_in_Bourke_St_on_route_96%2C_2013.JPG/220px-E_6001_and_E_6002_%28Melbourne_trams%29_in_Bourke_St_on_route_96%2C_2013.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/E_6001_and_E_6002_%28Melbourne_trams%29_in_Bourke_St_on_route_96%2C_2013.JPG/330px-E_6001_and_E_6002_%28Melbourne_trams%29_in_Bourke_St_on_route_96%2C_2013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/E_6001_and_E_6002_%28Melbourne_trams%29_in_Bourke_St_on_route_96%2C_2013.JPG/440px-E_6001_and_E_6002_%28Melbourne_trams%29_in_Bourke_St_on_route_96%2C_2013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4998" data-file-height="2929" /></a><figcaption>Two <a href="/wiki/E-class_Melbourne_tram" title="E-class Melbourne tram">E-Class trams</a> on <a href="/wiki/Bourke_Street" title="Bourke Street">Bourke St</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Melbourne" title="Trams in Melbourne">Melbourne tram network</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Victoria has the highest population density in any state in Australia, with population centres spread out over most of the state; only the far northwest and the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Alps" title="Victorian Alps">Victorian Alps</a> lack permanent settlement. As of October 2013, smoking tobacco is prohibited in the sheltered areas of train stations, and tram and bus stops, as is the use of e-cigarettes. Between 2012 and 2013, 2002 people were issued with infringement notices. The state government announced a plan in October 2013 to prohibit smoking on all Victorian railway station platforms and raised tram stops.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Road_transport_in_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Road transport in Victoria">Victorian road network</a> services the population centres, with highways generally radiating from Melbourne and other major cities and rural centres with secondary roads interconnecting the highways to each other. Many of the highways are built to freeway standard ("M" freeways), while most are generally sealed and of reasonable quality. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VL81_Ballarat_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/VL81_Ballarat_Station.jpg/220px-VL81_Ballarat_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/VL81_Ballarat_Station.jpg/330px-VL81_Ballarat_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/VL81_Ballarat_Station.jpg/440px-VL81_Ballarat_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3583" data-file-height="4777" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/V/Line" title="V/Line">V/Line</a> VLocity diesel train at <a href="/wiki/Ballarat_railway_station" title="Ballarat railway station">Ballarat station</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Victoria" title="Rail transport in Victoria">Rail transport in Victoria</a> is provided by several private and public railway operators who operate over government-owned lines. Major operators include: <a href="/wiki/Metro_Trains_Melbourne" title="Metro Trains Melbourne">Metro Trains Melbourne</a> which runs an extensive, electrified, passenger system throughout Melbourne and suburbs; <a href="/wiki/V/Line" title="V/Line">V/Line</a> which is now owned by the Victorian Government, operates a concentrated service to major regional centres, as well as long-distance services on other lines; <a href="/wiki/Pacific_National" title="Pacific National">Pacific National</a>, <a href="/wiki/CFCL_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="CFCL Australia">CFCL Australia</a> which operate freight services; <a href="/wiki/Great_Southern_Rail_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Southern Rail (Australia)">Great Southern Rail</a> which operates <i><a href="/wiki/The_Overland" title="The Overland">The Overland</a></i> Melbourne—Adelaide; and <a href="/wiki/NSW_TrainLink" title="NSW TrainLink">NSW TrainLink</a> which operates <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_XPT" title="New South Wales XPT">XPTs</a> Melbourne—Sydney. </p><p>There are also several smaller freight operators and numerous tourist railways operating over lines which were once parts of a state-owned system. Victorian lines mainly use the 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) <a href="/wiki/Victorian_broad_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Victorian broad gauge">broad gauge</a>. However, the interstate trunk routes, as well as a number of freight lines in the north and west of the state have been converted to <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>1,435 mm (4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a>. Two tourist railways operate over 760 mm (2 ft 6 in) <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge_lines_of_the_Victorian_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge lines of the Victorian Railways">narrow gauge</a> lines, which are the remnants of five formerly government-owned lines which were built in mountainous areas. </p><p>Melbourne has the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Melbourne" title="Trams in Melbourne">tram network</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> currently operated by <a href="/wiki/Yarra_Trams" title="Yarra Trams">Yarra Trams</a>. As well as being a popular form of public transport, over the last few decades trams have become one of Melbourne's major tourist attractions. There are also tourist trams operating over portions of the former <a href="/wiki/Ballarat_Tramway_Museum" title="Ballarat Tramway Museum">Ballarat</a> and Bendigo systems. There are also tramway museums at <a href="/wiki/Tramway_Museum_Society_of_Victoria" title="Tramway Museum Society of Victoria">Bylands</a>, Haddon and <a href="/wiki/Hawthorn_tram_depot" title="Hawthorn tram depot">Hawthorn</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Airport" title="Melbourne Airport">Melbourne Airport</a> is the major domestic and international gateway for the state. <a href="/wiki/Avalon_Airport" title="Avalon Airport">Avalon Airport</a> is the state's second busiest airport, which complements <a href="/wiki/Essendon_Airport" title="Essendon Airport">Essendon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moorabbin_Airport" title="Moorabbin Airport">Moorabbin Airports</a> to see the remainder of Melbourne's air traffic. <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Airport_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Airport (Australia)">Hamilton Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mildura_Airport" title="Mildura Airport">Mildura Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hotham" title="Mount Hotham">Mount Hotham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portland_Airport_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portland Airport (Australia)">Portland Airport</a> are the remaining airports with scheduled domestic flights. There are no fewer than 27 <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Australia" title="List of airports in Australia">other airports</a> in the state with no scheduled flights. The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Melbourne" title="Port of Melbourne">Port of Melbourne</a> is the largest port for containerised and general cargo in Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is located in Melbourne on the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Yarra_River" title="Yarra River">Yarra River</a>, which is at the head of <a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip" title="Port Phillip">Port Phillip</a>. Additional seaports are at <a href="/wiki/Westernport" class="mw-redirect" title="Westernport">Westernport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Geelong" title="Port of Geelong">Geelong</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Victoria" title="Portland, Victoria">Portland</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:708px;max-width:708px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HCMT_train_running_a_service_to_Pakenham_running_express_through_Hawksburn_Station,_South_Yarra_(53185991677).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A high capacity metro train at a station in Melbourne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/HCMT_train_running_a_service_to_Pakenham_running_express_through_Hawksburn_Station%2C_South_Yarra_%2853185991677%29.jpg/350px-HCMT_train_running_a_service_to_Pakenham_running_express_through_Hawksburn_Station%2C_South_Yarra_%2853185991677%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/HCMT_train_running_a_service_to_Pakenham_running_express_through_Hawksburn_Station%2C_South_Yarra_%2853185991677%29.jpg/525px-HCMT_train_running_a_service_to_Pakenham_running_express_through_Hawksburn_Station%2C_South_Yarra_%2853185991677%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/HCMT_train_running_a_service_to_Pakenham_running_express_through_Hawksburn_Station%2C_South_Yarra_%2853185991677%29.jpg/700px-HCMT_train_running_a_service_to_Pakenham_running_express_through_Hawksburn_Station%2C_South_Yarra_%2853185991677%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6929" data-file-height="4619" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A <a href="/wiki/High_Capacity_Metro_Train" title="High Capacity Metro Train">High Capacity Metro Train</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Railways_in_Melbourne" title="Railways in Melbourne">Melbourne metropolitan train network</a> operated by <a href="/wiki/Metro_Trains_Melbourne" title="Metro Trains Melbourne">Metro Trains Melbourne</a>. The trains have been introduced as part of the <a href="/wiki/Metro_Tunnel" title="Metro Tunnel">Metro Tunnel</a> project.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VLocity_train_running_a_service_to_Traralgon_passing_through_Platform_4_at_Hawksburn_Station,_South_Yarra_(53186004547).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/VLocity_train_running_a_service_to_Traralgon_passing_through_Platform_4_at_Hawksburn_Station%2C_South_Yarra_%2853186004547%29.jpg/350px-VLocity_train_running_a_service_to_Traralgon_passing_through_Platform_4_at_Hawksburn_Station%2C_South_Yarra_%2853186004547%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/VLocity_train_running_a_service_to_Traralgon_passing_through_Platform_4_at_Hawksburn_Station%2C_South_Yarra_%2853186004547%29.jpg/525px-VLocity_train_running_a_service_to_Traralgon_passing_through_Platform_4_at_Hawksburn_Station%2C_South_Yarra_%2853186004547%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/VLocity_train_running_a_service_to_Traralgon_passing_through_Platform_4_at_Hawksburn_Station%2C_South_Yarra_%2853186004547%29.jpg/700px-VLocity_train_running_a_service_to_Traralgon_passing_through_Platform_4_at_Hawksburn_Station%2C_South_Yarra_%2853186004547%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6747" data-file-height="4496" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A <a href="/wiki/V/Line_VLocity" title="V/Line VLocity">VLocity</a> train at <a href="/wiki/Hawksburn_railway_station" title="Hawksburn railway station">Hawksburn station</a>. <a href="/wiki/V/Line" title="V/Line">V/Line</a> is a government-owned train and coach service provider in Victoria, providing inter-city services to a number of regional cities in the state.</div></div></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilities">Utilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Utilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Victoria's major utilities include a collection of brown-coal-fired power stations, particularly in the Latrobe Valley. One of these was the recently decommissioned <a href="/wiki/Hazelwood_Power_Station" title="Hazelwood Power Station">Hazelwood Power Station</a>, which was number 1 on the worldwide <a href="/wiki/List_of_least_carbon_efficient_power_stations" title="List of least carbon efficient power stations">List of least carbon efficient power stations</a>. The Victorian government is aiming to cut 40.6 megatonnes of greenhouse gas emissions by 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Water_management_in_Victoria" title="Water management in Victoria">Water management in Victoria</a></div> <p>Victoria's water infrastructure includes a series of dams and reservoirs, predominantly in Central Victoria, that hold and collect water for much of the state. The water collected is of a very high quality and requires little chlorination treatment, giving the water a taste more like water collected in a rainwater tank. In regional areas however, such as in the west of the state, chlorination levels are much higher. The Victorian Water Grid consists of a number of new connections and pipelines being built across the State. This allows water to be moved around Victoria to where it is needed most and reduces the impact of localised droughts in an era thought to be influenced by climate change. Major projects already completed as part of the Grid include the Wimmera Mallee Pipeline and the Goldfields Superpipe.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Victoria" title="Sport in Victoria">Sport in Victoria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom_Wills_Statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tom_Wills_Statue.jpg/220px-Tom_Wills_Statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tom_Wills_Statue.jpg/330px-Tom_Wills_Statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tom_Wills_Statue.jpg/440px-Tom_Wills_Statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Statue outside the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground" title="Melbourne Cricket Ground">Melbourne Cricket Ground</a> commemorating the origins of <a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2017_AFL_Grand_Final_panorama_during_national_anthem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/2017_AFL_Grand_Final_panorama_during_national_anthem.jpg/230px-2017_AFL_Grand_Final_panorama_during_national_anthem.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/2017_AFL_Grand_Final_panorama_during_national_anthem.jpg/345px-2017_AFL_Grand_Final_panorama_during_national_anthem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/2017_AFL_Grand_Final_panorama_during_national_anthem.jpg/460px-2017_AFL_Grand_Final_panorama_during_national_anthem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7386" data-file-height="3918" /></a><figcaption>Panorama of the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground" title="Melbourne Cricket Ground">MCG</a> during the AFL Grand Final on 30 September 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>Victoria is the home of <a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a>, with ten of the 18 <a href="/wiki/Australian_Football_League" title="Australian Football League">Australian Football League</a> (AFL) clubs based in the state. The <a href="/wiki/AFL_Grand_Final" title="AFL Grand Final">AFL Grand Final</a> is traditionally held at the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground" title="Melbourne Cricket Ground">Melbourne Cricket Ground</a> on the last Saturday of September. The state has a public holiday the day before the Grand Final, which coincides with the AFL Grand Final parade. The MCG is sometimes called he spiritual home of <a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Victoria_cricket_team" title="Victoria cricket team">Victorian</a> cricket team play in the national <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Shield" title="Sheffield Shield">Sheffield Shield</a> cricket competition. Victoria is represented in the <a href="/wiki/National_Rugby_League" title="National Rugby League">National Rugby League</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Storm" title="Melbourne Storm">Melbourne Storm</a>. Prior to their axing at the end of the <a href="/wiki/2024_Super_Rugby_Pacific_season" title="2024 Super Rugby Pacific season">2024 season</a>, Victoria was represented by the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Rebels" title="Melbourne Rebels">Melbourne Rebels</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Super_Rugby" title="Super Rugby">Super Rugby</a>. It is represented in the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_League_(Australia)" title="National Basketball League (Australia)">National Basketball League</a> by <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_United" title="Melbourne United">Melbourne United</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_East_Melbourne_Phoenix" title="South East Melbourne Phoenix">South East Melbourne Phoenix</a>. It is also represented in <a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">soccer</a> by <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Victory" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne Victory">Melbourne Victory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_City_FC" title="Melbourne City FC">Melbourne City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_United_FC" title="Western United FC">Western United</a> in the <a href="/wiki/A-League" class="mw-redirect" title="A-League">A-League</a>. Melbourne has held the <a href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">1956 Summer Olympics</a>, <a href="/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games" title="2006 Commonwealth Games">2006 Commonwealth Games</a> and the FINA World Swimming Championship. </p><p>Melbourne is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Open" title="Australian Open">Australian Open</a> tennis tournament in January each year, which is the first of the world's four Grand Slam tennis tournaments, as well as the Formula One <a href="/wiki/Australian_Grand_Prix" title="Australian Grand Prix">Australian Grand Prix</a>, which is, on an annual basis, usually held in March or April. It hosted the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Masters" title="Australian Masters">Australian Masters</a> golf tournament from 1979 to 2015. Victoria's Bells Beach hosts one of the world's longest-running surfing competition, the Bells Beach SurfClassic, which is part of The <a href="/wiki/ASP_World_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="ASP World Tour">ASP World Tour</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Vixens" title="Melbourne Vixens">Melbourne Vixens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collingwood_Magpies_Netball" class="mw-redirect" title="Collingwood Magpies Netball">Collingwood Magpies Netball</a> represent Victoria in the <a href="/wiki/Suncorp_Super_Netball" title="Suncorp Super Netball">National Netball League</a>. </p><p>Victoria's <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Island_(Victoria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillip Island (Victoria)">Phillip Island</a> is home of the <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Island_Grand_Prix_Circuit" title="Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit">Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit</a> which hosts the <a href="/wiki/Australian_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" title="Australian motorcycle Grand Prix">Australian motorcycle Grand Prix</a> which features <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing" title="Grand Prix motorcycle racing">MotoGP</a> (the world's premier motorcycling class), as well as the Australian round of the <a href="/wiki/World_Superbike_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="World Superbike Championship">World Superbike Championship</a> and the domestic <a href="/wiki/V8_Supercar" class="mw-redirect" title="V8 Supercar">V8 Supercar</a> racing, which also visits <a href="/wiki/Sandown_Raceway" title="Sandown Raceway">Sandown Raceway</a> and the rural <a href="/wiki/Winton_Motor_Raceway" title="Winton Motor Raceway">Winton Motor Raceway</a> circuit. Australia's most prestigious footrace, the <a href="/wiki/Stawell_Gift" title="Stawell Gift">Stawell Gift</a>, is an annual event. Victoria is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Aussie_Millions" class="mw-redirect" title="Aussie Millions">Aussie Millions</a> poker tournament, the tournament with the highest potential proceeds in the Southern Hemisphere. </p><p>The main horse racing tracks in Victoria are <a href="/wiki/Caulfield_Racecourse" title="Caulfield Racecourse">Caulfield Racecourse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flemington_Racecourse" title="Flemington Racecourse">Flemington Racecourse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandown_Racecourse" title="Sandown Racecourse">Sandown Racecourse</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Spring_Racing_Carnival" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne Spring Racing Carnival">Melbourne Spring Racing Carnival</a> is one of the biggest horse racing events in the world and is one of the world's largest sporting events. The main race is for the $6 million <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Cup" title="Melbourne Cup">Melbourne Cup</a>, and crowds for the carnival usually exceed 700,000. Victoria was due to host the <a href="/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games" title="2026 Commonwealth Games">2026 Commonwealth Games</a> but withdrew on 18 July 2023 as a result of increased costs of holding the event.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Major professional teams include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australian_Football_League" title="Australian Football League">AFL</a>): <a href="/wiki/Carlton_Football_Club" title="Carlton Football Club">Carlton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collingwood_Football_Club" title="Collingwood Football Club">Collingwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essendon_Football_Club" title="Essendon Football Club">Essendon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geelong_Football_Club" title="Geelong Football Club">Geelong Cats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawthorn_Football_Club" title="Hawthorn Football Club">Hawthorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Football_Club" title="Melbourne Football Club">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Melbourne_Football_Club" title="North Melbourne Football Club">North Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Football_Club" title="Richmond Football Club">Richmond</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda_Football_Club" title="St Kilda Football Club">St Kilda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Bulldogs" title="Western Bulldogs">Western Bulldogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_League_(Australia)" title="National Basketball League (Australia)">NBL</a>): <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_United" title="Melbourne United">Melbourne United</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_East_Melbourne_Phoenix" title="South East Melbourne Phoenix">South East Melbourne Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> (<a href="/wiki/Big_Bash_League" title="Big Bash League">BBL</a>): <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Renegades" title="Melbourne Renegades">Melbourne Renegades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Stars" title="Melbourne Stars">Melbourne Stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Shield" title="Sheffield Shield">Sheffield Shield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marsh_One-Day_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsh One-Day Cup">Marsh One-Day Cup</a>): <a href="/wiki/Victoria_cricket_team" title="Victoria cricket team">Victoria cricket team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">Netball</a> (<a href="/wiki/Suncorp_Super_Netball" title="Suncorp Super Netball">NNL</a>): <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Vixens" title="Melbourne Vixens">Melbourne Vixens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collingwood_Magpies_Netball" class="mw-redirect" title="Collingwood Magpies Netball">Collingwood Magpies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">Rugby league</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Rugby_League" title="National Rugby League">NRL</a>): <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Storm" title="Melbourne Storm">Melbourne Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a> (<a href="/wiki/Super_Rugby" title="Super Rugby">Super Rugby</a>): <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Rebels" title="Melbourne Rebels">Melbourne Rebels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Soccer</a> (<a href="/wiki/A-League" class="mw-redirect" title="A-League">A-League</a>): <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_City_FC" title="Melbourne City FC">Melbourne City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Victory" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne Victory">Melbourne Victory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_United_FC" title="Western United FC">Western United</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_states">Sister states</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Sister states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Victoria has four <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister states</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>, China (1979)<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_Prefecture" title="Aichi Prefecture">Aichi Prefecture</a>, Japan (1980)<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a>, South Korea (1994)<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, China (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg/64px-Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Victoria" title="Portal:Victoria">Victoria portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/32px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/48px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/64px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="617" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceania" title="Portal:Oceania">Oceania portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Victoria" title="Geography of Victoria">Geography of Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highways_in_Victoria" title="List of highways in Victoria">List of highways in Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Victoria" title="Outline of Victoria">Outline of Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Victoria" title="Protected areas of Victoria">Protected areas of Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicmap_Topographic_Map_Series" title="Vicmap Topographic Map Series">Vicmap Topographic Map Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Victoria_by_population" title="List of places in Victoria by population">List of places in Victoria by population</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This figure is for Torquay only.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a> and the Special Administrative Regions of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> are listed separately.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As a percentage of 5,533,099 persons who nominated their ancestry at the 2016 census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry are part of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Celtic_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Celtic Australian">Anglo-Celtic</a> group.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Of any ancestry. Includes those identifying as <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australians</a> or <a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islanders</a>. Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-352202375">"Victoria, the garden state of Australia"</a>. <i>Trove</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trove&rft.atitle=Victoria%2C+the+garden+state+of+Australia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.obj-352202375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RecordOffice-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RecordOffice_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RecordOffice_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHouse_of_Lords_Record_Office" class="citation web cs1">House of Lords Record Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-76.html">"An Act for the better Government of Her Majesty's Australian Colonies (1850)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819204547/http://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-76.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Act+for+the+better+Government+of+Her+Majesty%27s+Australian+Colonies+%281850%29&rft.au=House+of+Lords+Record+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffoundingdocs.gov.au%2Fitem-did-76.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/national-location-information/dimensions/area-of-australia-states-and-territories">"Area of Australia - States and Territories"</a>. 27 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240118174336/https://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/national-location-information/dimensions/area-of-australia-states-and-territories">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Area+of+Australia+-+States+and+Territories&rft.date=2014-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ga.gov.au%2Fscientific-topics%2Fnational-location-information%2Fdimensions%2Farea-of-australia-states-and-territories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABSPop-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ABSPop_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABSPop_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABSPop_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/latest-release">"National, state and territory population, March 2024 | Australian Bureau of Statistics"</a>. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 19 September 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126062952/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/latest-release">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National%2C+state+and+territory+population%2C+March+2024+%26%23124%3B+Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.pub=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2024-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fstatistics%2Fpeople%2Fpopulation%2Fnational-state-and-territory-population%2Flatest-release&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gspref-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gspref_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gspref_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/economy/national-accounts/australian-national-accounts-state-accounts/latest-release">"5220.0 – Australian National Accounts: State Accounts, 2019–20"</a>. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 20 November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617110448/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/allprimarymainfeatures/E6765105B38FFFC6CA2568A9001393ED?opendocument">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=5220.0+%E2%80%93+Australian+National+Accounts%3A+State+Accounts%2C+2019%E2%80%9320&rft.pub=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2020-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fstatistics%2Feconomy%2Fnational-accounts%2Faustralian-national-accounts-state-accounts%2Flatest-release&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>hdi.globaldatalab.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+%E2%80%93+Area+Database+%E2%80%93+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdi.globaldatalab.org%2Fareadata%2Fshdi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/vic.emblem.html">"Floral Emblem of Victoria"</a>. anbg.gov.auhi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226130157/http://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/vic.emblem.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Floral+Emblem+of+Victoria&rft.pub=anbg.gov.auhi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anbg.gov.au%2Femblems%2Fvic.emblem.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.curriculum.edu.au/vic.htm">"Victoria"</a>. <i>Parliament@Work</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190310035951/https://www.parliament.curriculum.edu.au/vic.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliament%40Work&rft.atitle=Victoria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.curriculum.edu.au%2Fvic.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508000438/http://www.dpc.vic.gov.au/index.php/resources/victorian-symbols-emblems">"Victorian Symbols and Emblems"</a>. <i>Department of Premier and Cabinet</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dpc.vic.gov.au/index.php/resources/victorian-symbols-emblems">the original</a> on 8 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Premier+and+Cabinet&rft.atitle=Victorian+Symbols+and+Emblems&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dpc.vic.gov.au%2Findex.php%2Fresources%2Fvictorian-symbols-emblems&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stylemanual.com.au/state-and-territory-abbreviations">"State and territory abbreviations"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+and+territory+abbreviations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstylemanual.com.au%2Fstate-and-territory-abbreviations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span> Australian manual of style (AMOS)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The ACT has a higher population density, but it is a territory rather than a state.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/latest-release">"Regional population"</a>. <i>Australian Bureau of Statistics</i>. 26 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231010145251/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/latest-release">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.atitle=Regional+population&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fstatistics%2Fpeople%2Fpopulation%2Fregional-population%2Flatest-release&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/2?opendocument">"2016 Census Community Profiles: Victoria"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190622040717/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/2%3Fopendocument">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+Census+Community+Profiles%3A+Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2016%2Fcommunityprofile%2F2%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180212005039/https://www.vic.gov.au/system/user_files/Documents/av/Kulin-People-of-Central-Victoria.pdf">"The Kulin People of Central Victoria"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vic.gov.au/system/user_files/Documents/av/Kulin-People-of-Central-Victoria.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Kulin+People+of+Central+Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vic.gov.au%2Fsystem%2Fuser_files%2FDocuments%2Fav%2FKulin-People-of-Central-Victoria.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130309135053/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/publications/fact-sheets/2333-fact-sheet-i1-victorias-parliamentary-history">"Parliament of Victoria – 54th Parliament Votes"</a>. <i>parliament.vic.gov.au</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/publications/fact-sheets/2333-fact-sheet-i1-victorias-parliamentary-history">the original</a> on 9 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=parliament.vic.gov.au&rft.atitle=Parliament+of+Victoria+%E2%80%93+54th+Parliament+Votes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.vic.gov.au%2Fpublications%2Ffact-sheets%2F2333-fact-sheet-i1-victorias-parliamentary-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/sport/melbourne-named-worlds-sporting-capital-20160420-gobebk.html">"Melbourne named world's sporting capital"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i>. 21 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170811174613/http://www.smh.com.au/sport/melbourne-named-worlds-sporting-capital-20160420-gobebk.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Melbourne+named+world%27s+sporting+capital&rft.date=2016-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fsport%2Fmelbourne-named-worlds-sporting-capital-20160420-gobebk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Broome, pp xviii–xxii, <i>Aboriginal Victorians: A History Since 1800</i>, Allen & Unwin, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-74114-569-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-74114-569-4">1-74114-569-4</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74114-569-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74114-569-4">978-1-74114-569-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gary Presland, <i>The First Residents of Melbourne's Western Region</i>, (revised edition), Harriland Press, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-646-33150-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-646-33150-7">0-646-33150-7</a>. Presland says on page 1: "There is some evidence to show that people were living in the <a href="/wiki/Maribyrnong_River" title="Maribyrnong River">Maribyrnong River</a> valley, near present day <a href="/wiki/Keilor" class="mw-redirect" title="Keilor">Keilor</a>, about 40,000 years ago".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gary Presland, <i>Aboriginal Melbourne: The Lost Land of the Kulin People</i>, Harriland Press (1985), Second edition 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9577004-2-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-9577004-2-3">0-9577004-2-3</a>. This book describes in some detail the archaeological evidence regarding aboriginal life, culture, food gathering and land management</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-keilor_presland-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-keilor_presland_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keilor_presland_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPresland2008" class="citation web cs1">Presland, Gary (July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emelbourne.net.au/biogs/EM00792b.htm">"Keilor Archaeological Site"</a>. <i>eMelbourne</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200703093409/http://www.emelbourne.net.au/biogs/EM00792b.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eMelbourne&rft.atitle=Keilor+Archaeological+Site&rft.date=2008-07&rft.aulast=Presland&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emelbourne.net.au%2Fbiogs%2FEM00792b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041217013357/http://www-personal.une.edu.au/~pbrown3/Keilor.html">"The Keilor Cranium"</a>. <i>Peter Brown's Australian and Asian Palaeoanthropology</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-personal.une.edu.au/~pbrown3/Keilor.html">the original</a> on 17 December 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peter+Brown%27s+Australian+and+Asian+Palaeoanthropology&rft.atitle=The+Keilor+Cranium&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-personal.une.edu.au%2F~pbrown3%2FKeilor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steyne2009-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Steyne2009_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steyne2009_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steyne2009_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteyne2009" class="citation web cs1">Steyne, Hanna (23 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090523122147/http://www.heritage.vic.gov.au/admin/file/content2/c7/AIMAPoster_A3.pdf">"Investigating the Submerged Landscapes of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Heritage Victoria. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.vic.gov.au/admin/file/content2/c7/AIMAPoster_A3.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Investigating+the+Submerged+Landscapes+of+Port+Phillip+Bay%2C+Victoria&rft.pub=Heritage+Victoria&rft.date=2009-05-23&rft.aulast=Steyne&rft.aufirst=Hanna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.vic.gov.au%2Fadmin%2Ffile%2Fcontent2%2Fc7%2FAIMAPoster_A3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span> Citing Lambeck & Chappell 2001. Citing Bird 1993, Bowler 1966, Holdgate et al. 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-channelproject.com.au-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-channelproject.com.au_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-channelproject.com.au_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhodes2003" class="citation report cs1">Rhodes, David (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091001143843/http://www.channelproject.com.au/global/docs/Vol%201%20Aboriginal%20Heritage%20Key%20Features.pdf">Channel Deepening Existing Conditions Final Report – Aboriginal Heritage</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Terra Culture Heritage Consultants. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channelproject.com.au/global/docs/vol%201%20aboriginal%20heritage%20key%20features.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Channel+Deepening+Existing+Conditions+Final+Report+%E2%80%93+Aboriginal+Heritage&rft.pub=Terra+Culture+Heritage+Consultants&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Rhodes&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelproject.com.au%2Fglobal%2Fdocs%2Fvol%25201%2520aboriginal%2520heritage%2520key%2520features.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter2005" class="citation web cs1">Hunter, Ian (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081104085319/http://www.freshwater.net.au/wurundjeri/melbourne_aboriginal_dreamtime.htm#yarra">"Yarra Creation Story"</a>. <i>Wurundjeri Dreaming</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freshwater.net.au/wurundjeri/melbourne_aboriginal_dreamtime.htm#yarra">the original</a> on 4 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wurundjeri+Dreaming&rft.atitle=Yarra+Creation+Story&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freshwater.net.au%2Fwurundjeri%2Fmelbourne_aboriginal_dreamtime.htm%23yarra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4890461">"CORRESPONDENCE"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Advertiser_(Adelaide)" title="The Advertiser (Adelaide)">The Advertiser</a></i>. Adelaide. 14 October 1901. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220514050503/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4890461">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from the original on 16 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deed+-+Attribution+4.0+International+-+Creative+Commons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcreativecommons.org%2Flicenses%2Fby%2F4.0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span>) licence.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190304223654/https://www.ombudsman.vic.gov.au/getattachment/5188692a-35b6-411f-907e-3e7704f45e17">"Investigation into the rehabilitation and reintegration of prisoners in Victoria"</a>. <i>Ombudsman Victoria</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>. <q>Sunny Sydneysiders might consider themselves much more open-minded and free thinking than their archetypal black-clad Melbourne cousins. But taking the political temperature of the two states shows that supposedly dour Victorians are loosening their corsets and becoming much more progressive.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Victoria%27s+new+age+of+enlightenment+puts+NSW+in+the+shade&rft.date=2017-11-17&rft.au=Debbie+Cuthbertson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fcomment%2Fvictorias-new-age-of-enlightenment-puts-nsw-in-the-shade-20171117-gznak0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://michaelwest.com.au/how-victoria-became-the-progressive-jewel-in-the-national-crown/">"Don't tell Mr Menzies: how Victoria became the progressive jewel in the national crown"</a>. <i>michealwest.com.au</i>. 26 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240206120135/https://michaelwest.com.au/how-victoria-became-the-progressive-jewel-in-the-national-crown/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Victorian Department of Education and Training. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200519141031/https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/about/department/summarystatssnapshot.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved 28 April 2008. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2010">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070917095230/http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/domino/Web_Notes/newmedia.nsf/798c8b072d117a01ca256c8c0019bb01/1b374a6d8cae09e9ca2571cb0003c23a!OpenDocument">"DoI media release – 'Government outlines vision for Port of Melbourne Freight Hub' – 14 August 2006"</a>. 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Japan in Melbourne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170825183749/http://www.japaninmelbourne.com.au/aichi-victoria-35th-anniversary-of-the-sister-state-relationship/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aichi-Victoria+35th+Anniversary+of+the+Sister-State+Relationship&rft.pub=Japan+in+Melbourne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japaninmelbourne.com.au%2Faichi-victoria-35th-anniversary-of-the-sister-state-relationship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trade.vic.gov.au/all-offices/japan/victorias-relationship-with-japan">"Victoria's relationship with Japan"</a>. Trade Victoria. 3 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170825145426/http://trade.vic.gov.au/all-offices/japan/victorias-relationship-with-japan">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Invest Victoria. 12 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170825151822/http://www.invest.vic.gov.au/all-offices/korea/victoria-s-relationship-with-korea">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Victoria%27s+relationship+with+Korea&rft.pub=Invest+Victoria&rft.date=2015-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.invest.vic.gov.au%2Fall-offices%2Fkorea%2Fvictoria-s-relationship-with-korea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170825151546/http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/victoria-and-sichuan-move-to-become-sister-states/">"Victoria And Sichuan Move To Become Sister States"</a>. Premier of Victoria. 26 September 2015. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Victoria+And+Sichuan+Move+To+Become+Sister+States&rft.pub=Premier+of+Victoria&rft.date=2015-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.premier.vic.gov.au%2Fvictoria-and-sichuan-move-to-become-sister-states%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170825151549/http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/victorian-jobs-to-be-created-with-new-sister-state-sichuan/">"Victorian Jobs To Be Created With New Sister-State Sichuan"</a>. Premier of Victoria. 24 September 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/victorian-jobs-to-be-created-with-new-sister-state-sichuan/">the original</a> on 25 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Victorian+Jobs+To+Be+Created+With+New+Sister-State+Sichuan&rft.pub=Premier+of+Victoria&rft.date=2016-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.premier.vic.gov.au%2Fvictorian-jobs-to-be-created-with-new-sister-state-sichuan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Victorian_frontier_history">Victorian frontier history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Victorian frontier history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jan Critchett (1990), <i>A distant field of murder: Western district frontiers, 1834–1848</i>, Melbourne University Press (Carlton, Vic. and Portland, Or.) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0522843891" title="Special:BookSources/0522843891">0522843891</a>.</li> <li>Ian D Clark (1990), <i>Aboriginal languages and clans: An historical atlas of western and central Victoria, 1800–1900</i>, Dept. of Geography & Environmental Science, Monash University (Melbourne), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-909685-41-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-909685-41-X">0-909685-41-X</a>.</li> <li>Ian D Clark (1995), <i>Scars in the landscape: A register of massacre sites in western Victoria, 1803–1859</i>, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (Canberra), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85575-281-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85575-281-5">0-85575-281-5</a>.</li> <li>Ian D Clark (2003), <i>"That's my country belonging to me": Aboriginal land tenure and dispossession in nineteenth century Western Victoria</i>, Ballarat Heritage Services, Ballarat.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_Australia" class="extiw" title="c:Victoria, Australia">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Victoria,_Australia" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Victoria, Australia">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Victoria" class="extiw" title="s:Category:Victoria">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Victoria_(state)" class="extiw" title="voy:Victoria (state)">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36687" class="extiw" title="d:Q36687">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <p><b>Government</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vic.gov.au/">Official website</a></span></span> of the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_State_Government" title="Victoria State Government">Victorian Government</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://new.parliament.vic.gov.au/">Parliament of Victoria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prov.vic.gov.au/">Public Record Office Victoria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/">Victorian Heritage Database</a></li></ul> <p><b>Travel</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitvictoria.com/">Official website</a></span></span> of Tourism Victoria</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.victorianplaces.com.au/">Victorian Places website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://contenthub.visitvictoria.com/">Tourism Victoria's Online Image Library</a></li></ul> <p><b>General information</b> </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Victoria,_Australia" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Victoria, Australia">Wikimedia Atlas of Victoria, Australia</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/2316741">Victoria (state)</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Victoria677" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Victoria" title="Template:Victoria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Victoria" title="Template talk:Victoria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Victoria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Victoria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Victoria677" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Victoria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Victoria_(state)" title="Economy of Victoria (state)">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Victoria" title="Education in Victoria">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Victoria" title="Energy in Victoria">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Victoria_(state)" title="Flag of Victoria (state)">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Victoria" title="Geography of Victoria">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Victoria" title="Geology of Victoria">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_State_Government" title="Victoria State Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Victoria" title="History of Victoria">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Victoria" title="Local government areas of Victoria">Local Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Victoria" title="Parliament of Victoria">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Police" title="Victoria Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Victoria" title="Politics of Victoria">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Victoria_(state)" title="Category:People from Victoria (state)">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Victoria" title="Rail transport in Victoria">Rail Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Victoria" title="Regions of Victoria">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_transport_in_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Road transport in Victoria">Road Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Victoria" title="Sport in Victoria">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football_in_Victoria" title="Australian rules football in Victoria">Australian rules football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_Victoria" title="Cricket in Victoria">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_in_Victoria" title="Rugby league in Victoria">Rugby league</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Victoria" title="Rugby union in Victoria">Rugby union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soccer_in_Victoria" title="Soccer in Victoria">Soccer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Victoria_(state)" title="Symbols of Victoria (state)">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teaching_in_Victoria" title="Teaching in Victoria">Teaching</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Victoria_(Australia).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Victoria"><img alt="Flag of Victoria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg/160px-Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Victoria" title="Regions of Victoria">Regions</a> and<br />sub-regions / districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barwon_South_West_(region)" title="Barwon South West (region)">Barwon South West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barwon_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barwon (region) (page does not exist)">Barwon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_South_Coast_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great South Coast (region) (page does not exist)">Great South Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gippsland_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gippsland (region)">Gippsland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Central_Gippsland" title="Central Gippsland">Central Gippsland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/East_Gippsland" title="East Gippsland">East Gippsland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Latrobe_Valley" title="Latrobe Valley">Latrobe Valley</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Gippsland" title="South Gippsland">South Gippsland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Gippsland" title="West Gippsland">West Gippsland</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grampians_(region)" title="Grampians (region)">Grampians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Highlands_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Highlands (region)">Central Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimmera_Southern_Mallee_(region)" title="Wimmera Southern Mallee (region)">Wimmera Southern Mallee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hume_(region)" title="Hume (region)">Hume</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goulburn_(region)" title="Goulburn (region)">Goulburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovens_Murray_(region)" title="Ovens Murray (region)">Ovens Murray</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Hume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Hume (page does not exist)">Central Hume</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goulburn_Valley" title="Goulburn Valley">Goulburn Valley</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Hume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lower Hume (page does not exist)">Lower Hume</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Hume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upper Hume (page does not exist)">Upper Hume</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Loddon_Mallee" title="Loddon Mallee">Loddon Mallee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loddon_Campaspe_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loddon Campaspe (region) (page does not exist)">Loddon Campaspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallee_(region,_Victoria)" title="Mallee (region, Victoria)">Mallee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Greater Melbourne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Inner Metro</li> <li>Inner South-east</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_suburbs_(Melbourne)" title="Western suburbs (Melbourne)">Western</a></li> <li>Northern</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_suburbs_(Melbourne)" title="Eastern suburbs (Melbourne)">Eastern</a></li> <li>Southern</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unincorporated areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Island_(Victoria)" title="Elizabeth Island (Victoria)">Elizabeth Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falls_Creek,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Falls Creek, Victoria">Falls Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Island_(Victoria)" title="French Island (Victoria)">French Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabo_Island" title="Gabo Island">Gabo Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Julia_Percy_Island" title="Lady Julia Percy Island">Lady Julia Percy Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mountain_(Victoria)" title="Lake Mountain (Victoria)">Lake Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Baw_Baw" title="Mount Baw Baw">Mount Baw Baw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Buller,_Victoria" title="Mount Buller, Victoria">Mount Buller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hotham" title="Mount Hotham">Mount Hotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Stirling" title="Mount Stirling">Mount Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandstone_Island" title="Sandstone Island">Sandstone Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bellarine_Peninsula" title="Bellarine Peninsula">Bellarine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goldfields_region_of_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Goldfields region of Victoria">Goldfields</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mornington_Peninsula" title="Mornington Peninsula">Mornington Peninsula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Victoria" title="North Central Victoria">North Central</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Otway_Ranges" class="mw-redirect" title="Otway Ranges">Otways</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip" title="Port Phillip">Port Phillip</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunraysia" title="Sunraysia">Sunraysia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Alps" title="Victorian Alps">Victorian Alps</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Western_District_(Victoria)" title="Western District (Victoria)">Western District</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Western_Port" title="Western Port">Western Port</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yarra_Valley" title="Yarra Valley">Yarra Valley</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_localities_in_Victoria" title="List of localities in Victoria">Cities and towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ararat,_Victoria" title="Ararat, Victoria">Ararat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacchus_Marsh" title="Bacchus Marsh">Bacchus Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bairnsdale" title="Bairnsdale">Bairnsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballarat" title="Ballarat">Ballarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benalla" title="Benalla">Benalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendigo" title="Bendigo">Bendigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castlemaine,_Victoria" title="Castlemaine, Victoria">Castlemaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colac,_Victoria" title="Colac, Victoria">Colac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drouin,_Victoria" title="Drouin, Victoria">Drouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echuca" title="Echuca">Echuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geelong" title="Geelong">Geelong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Victoria" title="Hamilton, Victoria">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsham,_Victoria" title="Horsham, Victoria">Horsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryborough,_Victoria" title="Maryborough, Victoria">Maryborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildura" title="Mildura">Mildura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moe,_Victoria" title="Moe, Victoria">Moe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morwell" title="Morwell">Morwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Grove,_Victoria" title="Ocean Grove, Victoria">Ocean Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Victoria" title="Portland, Victoria">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sale,_Victoria" title="Sale, Victoria">Sale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour,_Victoria" title="Seymour, Victoria">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepparton" title="Shepparton">Shepparton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Hill" title="Swan Hill">Swan Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torquay,_Victoria" title="Torquay, Victoria">Torquay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traralgon" title="Traralgon">Traralgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangaratta" title="Wangaratta">Wangaratta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warragul" title="Warragul">Warragul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrnambool" title="Warrnambool">Warrnambool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wodonga" title="Wodonga">Wodonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms"><img alt="Coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg/30px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg/45px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg/60px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1198" data-file-height="1530" /></a></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Victoria" title="Outline of Victoria"><b>Outline</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Victoria_(state)" title="Category:Victoria (state)"><b> Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Victoria,_Australia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Victoria, Australia"> <b>Commons</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Victoria" title="Portal:Victoria"><b>Portal</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_and_territories_of_Australia_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Australia&#124;link=Australia350" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="Template:States and territories of Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="Template talk:States and territories of Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States and territories of Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="States_and_territories_of_Australia_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Australia&#124;link=Australia350" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">States and territories of Australia</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg/130px-Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg/195px-Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg/260px-Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internal<br />territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jervis_Bay_Territory" title="Jervis Bay Territory">Jervis Bay Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a><br /><b>Defunct</b>: <a href="/wiki/Central_Australia_(territory)" title="Central Australia (territory)">Central Australia</a> (1927–31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Australia_(territory)" class="mw-redirect" title="North Australia (territory)">North Australia</a> (1927–31)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External<br />territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a><br /><b>Defunct</b>: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Nauru#World_War_I_to_World_War_II" title="History of Nauru">Nauru</a> (1920–68)<sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_New_Guinea" title="Territory of New Guinea">New Guinea</a> (1920–49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Papua" title="Territory of Papua">Papua</a> (1902–49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Papua_and_New_Guinea" title="Territory of Papua and New Guinea">Papua and New Guinea</a> (1949–75)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Indian_Ocean_Territories" title="Australian Indian Ocean Territories">Indian Ocean Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>(<b>1</b>) Sovereignty recognised only by <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<br />(<b>2</b>) Co-mandate with New Zealand and the United Kingdom.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Australia_articles726" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Australia_topics" title="Template:Australia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Australia_topics" title="Template talk:Australia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Australia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Australia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Australia_articles726" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Australia-related_articles" title="Index of Australia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia" title="History of Australia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Australian_history" title="Timeline of Australian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Australian_history" title="Bibliography of Australian history">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Australia" title="Prehistory of Australia">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Australia" title="Archaeology of Australia">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_land_exploration_of_Australia" title="European land exploration of Australia">European exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Australia" title="Territorial evolution of Australia">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1788%E2%80%931850)" title="History of Australia (1788–1850)">1788–1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1851%E2%80%931900)" title="History of Australia (1851–1900)">1851–1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1901%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Australia (1901–1945)">1901–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Australia (1945–present)">Since 1945</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Asian_Australians" title="History of Asian Australians">Asian Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Australia" title="Constitutional history of Australia">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_Australia" title="Diplomatic history of Australia">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Australia" title="Economic history of Australia">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_history_of_Australia" title="Immigration history of Australia">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indigenous_Australians" title="History of Indigenous Australians">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia" title="Military history of Australia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_monarchy_in_Australia" title="History of monarchy in Australia">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Australia" title="History of rail transport in Australia">Railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Australia" title="Geography of Australia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Australia" title="Climate of Australia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Australia" title="Climate change in Australia">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Continent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deserts_of_Australia" title="Deserts of Australia">Deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Australia" title="Environment of Australia">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Australia" title="Environmental issues in Australia">issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Australia" title="List of earthquakes in Australia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Australia" title="Fauna of Australia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_Australia" title="Forests of Australia">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Australia" title="Geology of Australia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Australia" title="List of islands of Australia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Australia" title="List of mountains in Australia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Australia" title="List of regions of Australia">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reserve_System" title="National Reserve System">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Australia" title="List of rivers of Australia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Australia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Australia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Australia">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">States and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_capital_cities" title="List of Australian capital cities">Capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Australia" title="List of cities in Australia">Cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia" title="Politics of Australia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asylum_in_Australia" title="Asylum in Australia">Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_court_hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian court hierarchy">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Australia" title="Elections in Australia">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_funding_in_Australia" title="Political funding in Australia">Donations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Australia" title="Electoral system of Australia">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Australia" title="List of political parties in Australia">Parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_federal_budget" title="Australian federal budget">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Australia" title="Foreign relations of Australia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Australia" title="Human rights in Australia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Australia" title="Intersex rights in Australia">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Australia" title="LGBTQ rights in Australia">LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Australia" title="Transgender rights in Australia">Transgender</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Intelligence_Community" title="Australian Intelligence Community">Intelligence and security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_legal_system" title="Australian legal system">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_constitutional_law" title="Australian constitutional law">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Australia" title="Judiciary of Australia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Australia" title="Law enforcement in Australia">Enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_government_debt" title="Australian government debt">National debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia#Ideology_in_Australian_politics" title="Politics of Australia">Political ideology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_politics_in_Australia" title="Christian politics in Australia">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Australia" title="Conservatism in Australia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Australia" title="Far-right politics in Australia">Far-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Australia" title="Liberalism in Australia">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationalism" title="Australian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Australia" title="Republicanism in Australia">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Australia" title="Socialism in Australia">Socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Public_Service" title="Australian Public Service">Public Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_government_in_Australia" title="Women and government in Australia">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_heads_of_government_in_Australia" title="List of female heads of government in Australia">Government leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_cabinet_ministers_of_Australia" title="List of female cabinet ministers of Australia">Government ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(Australia)" title="Opposition (Australia)">Shadow Cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Australia" title="Cabinet of Australia">Cabinet of Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_ministries" title="List of Australian ministries">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_Australia" title="List of governors-general of Australia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Australia" title="List of prime ministers of Australia">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Australia" title="Economy of Australia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Australia" title="Agriculture in Australia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Australia" title="Energy in Australia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_and_territories_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Australian states and territories by gross state product">Gross state product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_ownership_in_Australia" title="Home ownership in Australia">Home ownership</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_housing_in_Australia" title="Public housing in Australia">Public housing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Median_household_income_in_Australia_and_New_Zealand" title="Median household income in Australia and New Zealand">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Australia" title="Manufacturing in Australia">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Australia" title="Mass media in Australia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Australia" title="Mining in Australia">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Australia" title="Poverty in Australia">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Reserve Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange" title="Australian Securities Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superannuation_in_Australia" title="Superannuation in Australia">Superannuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Australia" title="Taxation in Australia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Australia" title="Telecommunications in Australia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Australia" title="Tourism in Australia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Australia" title="Transport in Australia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_Australia" title="Social security in Australia">Welfare system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Australia" title="Category:Society of Australia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Australia" title="Abortion in Australia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aged_care_in_Australia" title="Aged care in Australia">Aged care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Australia" title="Censorship in Australia">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Australia" title="Crime in Australia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Australia" title="Education in Australia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assisted_dying_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Assisted dying in Australia">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Australia" title="Health care in Australia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Australia" title="Homelessness in Australia">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Australia" title="Human trafficking in Australia">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Australia" title="Immigration to Australia">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Australia" title="Irreligion in Australia">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Australia" title="Languages of Australia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Australian states by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australians" title="Australians">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Australia" title="Demographics of Australia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Australia" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Australia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Australia" title="Prostitution in Australia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Australia" title="Racism in Australia">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Australia" title="Religion in Australia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Australia" title="Squatting in Australia">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Australia" title="Waste management in Australia">Waste management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Australia" title="Women in Australia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Australia" title="Culture of Australia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Australia" title="Architecture of Australia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_art" title="Australian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_Australia" title="Arts in Australia">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Australia" title="Cinema of Australia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_cuisine" title="Australian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Australia" title="Dance in Australia">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_literature" title="Australian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Australia" title="Music of Australia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Australia" title="Public holidays in Australia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Australia" title="List of radio stations in Australia">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Australia" title="Sport in Australia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Australia" title="National symbols of Australia">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Australia" title="Television in Australia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Australia" title="Theatre of Australia">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_studies" title="Australian studies">Australian studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Australia" title="Outline of Australia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Australia-related_articles" title="Index of Australia-related articles">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Australian_history" title="Bibliography of Australian history">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australia" title="Category:Australia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110902612">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316750596">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205049/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39QbtfRgc3kxVyPTD6PCRPC3p">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4063452-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Victoria"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79046608">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Victoria (Australie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12034058b">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Victoria (Australie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12034058b">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00692689">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35078740">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Victoria"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131292&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Victoria (Australia, Estado)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX460034">Spain</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90671391">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/31fhhm1m1z54n3r">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810659218605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007561822705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058515365106706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/09936ede-4dcc-4794-a1e7-83d3af37bf4e">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028520971">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=34510">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&oldid=1275050808">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria_(state)&oldid=1275050808</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Victoria_(state)" title="Category:Victoria (state)">Victoria (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="Category:States and territories of Australia">States and territories of Australia</a></li><li><a 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