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mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Indus rootpage-Indus skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Edukira joan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu nagusia" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu nagusia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Indus" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Indus" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Indus" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Indus" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Historia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gertakari_modernoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gertakari_modernoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Gertakari modernoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gertakari_modernoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basa_bizitza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basa_bizitza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Basa bizitza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basa_bizitza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ekonomia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etnografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etnografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Etnografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etnografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hidrologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidrologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Hidrologia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hidrologia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Hidrologia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hidrologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2010eko_uholdeak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010eko_uholdeak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>2010eko uholdeak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010eko_uholdeak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indus_ibaiaren_maskareta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indus_ibaiaren_maskareta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Indus ibaiaren maskareta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indus_ibaiaren_maskareta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Indus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 146 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-146" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">146 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B1%E1%88%B5_%E1%8B%88%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%9D" title="ኢንዱስ ወንዝ – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢንዱስ ወንዝ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Indo" title="Río Indo – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Río Indo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF" title="نهر السند – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نهر السند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF" title="واد سند – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="واد سند" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF" title="نهر السند – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نهر السند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80" title="সিন্ধু নদী – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সিন্ধু নদী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADu_Indo" title="Ríu Indo – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ríu Indo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind_%C3%A7ay%C4%B1" title="Hind çayı – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hind çayı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="سیند چایی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیند چایی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Һинд – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һинд" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukad_Indus" title="Tukad Indus – baliera" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tukad Indus" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inds_(op%C4%97)" title="Inds (opė) – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Inds (opė)" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salog_Indus" title="Salog Indus – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Salog Indus" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Інд – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Інд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Інд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Інд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Инд – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Инд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="सिंधु नदी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सिंधु नदी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6" title="সিন্ধু নদ – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিন্ধু নদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%96" title="སེང་གེ་ཁ་འབབ – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སེང་གེ་ཁ་འབབ" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind" title="Ind – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ind" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8D_%D0%BC%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Сэнгэ мүрэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Сэнгэ мүрэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="ХӀинд – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ХӀинд" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Indus River" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ڕووباری سیند – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕووباری سیند" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nd" title="İnd – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İnd" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D1%8E%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Инд (юханшыв) – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Инд (юханшыв)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afon_Indus" title="Afon Indus – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Afon Indus" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%8B%DE%AA_%DE%86%DE%AF%DE%83%DE%AA" title="ސިންދު ކޯރު – dhivehia" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސިންދު ކޯރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="dhivehia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ινδός ποταμός – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδός ποταμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Indus River" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induso" title="Induso – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Induso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Indo" title="Río Indo – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Río Indo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADu_Indu" title="Ríu Indu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ríu Indu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF)" title="سند (رود) – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سند (رود)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Iond%C3%BAis" title="An Iondúis – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Iondúis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Indo" title="Río Indo – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Río Indo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysyry_%C3%8Dndo" title="Ysyry Índo – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ysyry Índo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A7%E0%AB%81" title="સિંધુ – gujaratera" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સિંધુ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujaratera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogin_Indus" title="Kogin Indus – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kogin Indus" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A1" title="אינדוס – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אינדוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="सिन्धु नदी – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सिन्धु नदी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Naddi" title="Indus Naddi – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Indus Naddi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind" title="Ind – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ind" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – goi-sorabiera" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="goi-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Ինդոս – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ինդոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluvio_Indo" title="Fluvio Indo – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Fluvio Indo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Indus" title="Sungai Indus – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sungai Indus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karayan_Indus" title="Karayan Indus – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Karayan Indus" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluvio_Indus" title="Fluvio Indus – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fluvio Indus" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus-flj%C3%B3t" title="Indus-fljót – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Indus-fljót" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo" title="Indo – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Indo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%82%B9%E5%B7%9D" title="インダス川 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インダス川" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali_Sindu" title="Kali Sindu – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kali Sindu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ინდი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90ndus%C9%A9_P%C9%94%C9%94" title="Ɛndusɩ Pɔɔ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛndusɩ Pɔɔ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Үнді өзені – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Үнді өзені" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A7%E0%B3%82_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BF" title="ಸಿಂಧೂ ನದಿ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಿಂಧೂ ನದಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8D%94%EC%8A%A4%EA%B0%95" title="인더스강 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인더스강" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Инд – karachayera-balkarera" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Инд" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachayera-balkarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8End%C3%BBs" title="Îndûs – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îndûs" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyndus" title="Eyndus – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Eyndus" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Инд дарыясы – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Инд дарыясы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Гьинд – lezginera" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Гьинд" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Indo" title="Rio Indo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rio Indo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indas_(up%C4%97)" title="Indas (upė) – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Indas (upė)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inda" title="Inda – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Inda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="सिन्धु नदी – maithilia" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सिन्धु नदी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindo" title="Sindo – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sindo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Инд – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Инд" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF" title="സിന്ധു നദി – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിന്ധു നദി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BD" title="Инд мөрөн – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Инд мөрөн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="सिंधु नदी – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सिंधु नदी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Indus" title="Sungai Indus – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sungai Indus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="အိန္ဒုမြစ် – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိန္ဒုမြစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="सिन्धु नदी – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सिन्धु नदी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF" title="सिन्धु खुसि – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सिन्धु खुसि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_(rivier)" title="Indus (rivier) – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Indus (rivier)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtsinje_wa_Indus" title="Mtsinje wa Indus – chewera" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Mtsinje wa Indus" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="chewera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A7%E0%AD%81_%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%80" title="ସିନ୍ଧୁ ନଦୀ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସିନ୍ଧୁ ନଦୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Инд – osetiera" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Инд" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A7_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" title="ਸਿੰਧ ਦਰਿਆ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਿੰਧ ਦਰਿਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo" title="Indo – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Indo" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B3" title="دریائے انڈس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دریائے انڈس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86_(%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="اباسين (سيند) – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اباسين (سيند)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Indo" title="Rio Indo – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rio Indo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo" title="Indo – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Indo" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Инд – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Инд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Інд – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Інд" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="सिन्धूनदी – sanskritoa" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सिन्धूनदी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskritoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Инд – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Инд" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9D_%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%AD" title="ᱥᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ – santalera" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indu" title="Indu – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Indu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%8C%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%DA%BE" title="سنڌو درياھ – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سنڌو درياھ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind" title="Ind – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ind" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Indus River" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%BE" title="دریائے سندھ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="دریائے سندھ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind" title="Ind – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ind" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumi_Indus" title="Lumi Indus – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lumi Indus" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Инд – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Инд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus" title="Indus – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_(mto)" title="Indus (mto) – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Indus (mto)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="சிந்து ஆறு – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிந்து ஆறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%82_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF" title="సింధూ నది – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సింధూ నది" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83_(%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%91)" title="Ҳинду (дарё) – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳинду (дарё)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8" title="แม่น้ำสินธุ – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แม่น้ำสินธุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind" title="Ind – turkmenera" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ind" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilog_Indo" title="Ilog Indo – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ilog Indo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind_ru" title="Hind ru – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Hind ru" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ndus_Nehri" title="İndus Nehri – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İndus Nehri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind_y%C4%B1l%C4%9Fas%C4%B1" title="Hind yılğası – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Hind yılğası" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Інд – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%BE" title="دریائے سندھ – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دریائے سندھ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind" title="Hind – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hind" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo" title="Indo – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Indo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind" title="Ind – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ind" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B4ng_%E1%BA%A4n" title="Sông Ấn – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sông Ấn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salog_Indus" title="Salog Indus – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Salog Indus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B2%B3" title="印度河 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="印度河" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ინდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A1" title="אינדוס – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אינדוס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B2%B3" title="印度河 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印度河" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_H%C3%B4" title="Indus Hô – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Indus Hô" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B2%B3" title="印度河 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="印度河" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7348#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eztabaida:Indus" rel="discussion" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aldatu hizkuntza aldaera" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">euskara</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ikusketak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Indus"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresnak" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresnak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Indus"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Indus" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Indus" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&oldid=9971079" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Indus&id=9971079&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIndus"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIndus"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Indus"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Indus&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/River_Indus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7348" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-1-Wikipedia10000" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_guztiek_izan_beharreko_artikuluen_zerrenda/3._maila" title="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da"><img alt="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/20px-Wikipedia-1000.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/30px-Wikipedia-1000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/40px-Wikipedia-1000.png 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Koordenatu_geografiko_sistema" class="mw-redirect" title="Koordenatu geografiko sistema">Koordenatuak</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8629292">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Indus&params=23.9944_N_67.4308_E_region:_type:river_scale:_dim:_globe:Earth"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°59′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">67°25′51″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.9944°N 67.4308°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.9944; 67.4308</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="rellink noprint"> <dl><dd><i>Artikulu hau Pakistango ibaiari buruzkoa da; Errezilgo mendia gaitzat duena beste hau da: «<a href="/wiki/Indo_(Errezil)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo (Errezil)">Indo (Errezil)</a>»</i></dd></dl></div> <table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em;line-height:normal; width:23.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="fn org" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #82c1ff; padding:3px;">Indus<br /><small>Indus River<br /> سندھ</small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Indus_near_Skardu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Indus_near_Skardu.jpg/285px-Indus_near_Skardu.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Indus_near_Skardu.jpg/428px-Indus_near_Skardu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Indus_near_Skardu.jpg/570px-Indus_near_Skardu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="823" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #82c1ff;">Datu orokorrak</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;">Mota</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><a href="/wiki/Ibai" title="Ibai">ibai</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;">Luzera</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;">3.180 km</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #82c1ff;">Geografia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Indus_(fleuve).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Indus_%28fleuve%29.png/285px-Indus_%28fleuve%29.png" decoding="async" width="285" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Indus_%28fleuve%29.png/428px-Indus_%28fleuve%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Indus_%28fleuve%29.png 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="461" /></a></span> <a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 250px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="250" data-zoom="3" data-lat="25.497301714328" data-lon="70.568703361506" data-overlays="["_eaf45d8e17a36c336b9b4b6a5c423d586381080b"]" href="/wiki/Berezi:Map/3/25.497301714328/70.568703361506/eu"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,25.497301714328,70.568703361506,280x250.png?lang=eu&domain=eu.wikipedia.org&title=Indus&revid=9971079&groups=_eaf45d8e17a36c336b9b4b6a5c423d586381080b" width="280" height="250" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,25.497301714328,70.568703361506,280x250@2x.png?lang=eu&domain=eu.wikipedia.org&title=Indus&revid=9971079&groups=_eaf45d8e17a36c336b9b4b6a5c423d586381080b 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Koordenatu_geografiko_sistema" class="mw-redirect" title="Koordenatu geografiko sistema">Koordenatuak</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8629292">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Indus&params=23.9944_N_67.4308_E_region:_type:river_scale:_dim:_globe:Earth"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°59′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">67°25′51″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.9944°N 67.4308°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.9944; 67.4308</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td><b>Estatu burujabe</b></td><td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td></tr><tr><td><b>Province of Pakistan</b></td><td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Punjab.svg/22px-Flag_of_Punjab.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Punjab.svg/33px-Flag_of_Punjab.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Punjab.svg/44px-Flag_of_Punjab.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="793" data-file-height="528" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan)" title="Punjab (Pakistan)">Punjab</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #82c1ff;">Hidrografia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;">Ibaiadarrak</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;">ikusi</div> <ul class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanskar_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanskar River (sortu gabe)">Zanskar River</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147014?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haro_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haro River (sortu gabe)">Haro River</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q405695?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilgit_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilgit River (sortu gabe)">Gilgit River</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965543?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shigar_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shigar River (sortu gabe)">Shigar River</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1398191?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shyok_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shyok River (sortu gabe)">Shyok River</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1587234?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjnad_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panjnad River (sortu gabe)">Panjnad River</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2049556?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suru_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suru River (sortu gabe)">Suru River</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2093332?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soan_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soan River (sortu gabe)">Soan River</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665231?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurram_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurram River (sortu gabe)">Kurram River</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3634002?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gomal_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gomal River (sortu gabe)">Gomal River</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8501?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kabul_ibaia" title="Kabul ibaia">Kabul ibaia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;">Arroaren azalera</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;">1.165.000 km²</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;">Arro hidrografikoa</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indus basin (sortu gabe)">Indus basin</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46507260?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Emari_(likidoa)" title="Emari (likidoa)">Ur-emaria</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;">6.600 m³/s</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Iturburu" title="Iturburu">Iturburua</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengge_Zangbo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sengge Zangbo (sortu gabe)">Sengge Zangbo</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7666170?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> eta <a href="/wiki/Tibeteko_goi-lautada" title="Tibeteko goi-lautada">Tibeteko goi-ordokia</a> <br /><small>(4.255 m)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bokale" title="Bokale">Bokalea</a><br /><small>()</small></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><a href="/wiki/Arabiako_itsasoa" title="Arabiako itsasoa">Arabiako itsasoa</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> <b>Indus</b><sup id="cite_ref-Euskaltzaindia171.araua_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Euskaltzaindia171.araua-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">urduz</a>: سندھ; <a href="/wiki/Sindhi" title="Sindhi">sindhiz</a>: سنڌو; <a href="/wiki/Punjabera" title="Punjabera">punjabera</a>, shahmukhiz: دریائے سندھ, gurmukhiz: ਸਿੰਧੂ; <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">hindiz</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Sanskrito" title="Sanskrito">sanskritoz</a>: सिन्धु; <a href="/wiki/Persiera" title="Persiera">persieraz</a>: حندو ; <a href="/wiki/Paxtuera" class="mw-redirect" title="Paxtuera">paxtueraz</a>: سیند; <a href="/wiki/Tibetera" title="Tibetera">tibeteraz</a>: སེང་གེ།་གཙང་པོ <i>Sengge Chu</i>; <a href="/wiki/Txinera" title="Txinera">txineraz</a>: 印度; <a href="/wiki/Greziera" title="Greziera">grezieraz</a>: Ινδός; <a href="/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles">ingelesez</a>: <i>Indus River</i>) <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistango</a> <a href="/wiki/Ibai" title="Ibai">ibairik</a> handiena eta luzeena da. <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Grezia" title="Antzinako Grezia">antzinako Grezian</a> <i>Hindos</i> eta <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Erroma" title="Antzinako Erroma">antzinako Erroman</a> <i>Indus</i> izenaz ezaguna zen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistango</a> ibai nagusia da, nahiz eta <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibeten</a> jaio eta <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indiako</a> zati bat zeharkatu. <a href="/wiki/Indiako_azpikontinentea" title="Indiako azpikontinentea">Indiako azpikontinentea</a> 1947an zatitu baino lehenago, India eta Pakistango estatu modernoetan, Indus ibaia eskualdeko bigarren ibai garrantzitsuena zen, <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> ibaiaren ondoren, bai kultura aldetik, bai merkataritza aldetik. Gainera, «India» izena ibairen izenarekin dago lotua. Bere arroan planetako zibilizazio urbano zaharrenetariko batzuk agertu ziren. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibeten</a> jaiotzen da Indus ibaia, itsas mailatik 5.500 metrora, ipar-mendebalderantz jarraitzen du <a href="/wiki/Himalaia" title="Himalaia">Himalaiako</a> haranetatik, <a href="/wiki/Kaxmirreko_Harana" title="Kaxmirreko Harana">Kaxmirreko</a> zeharbidetik eta hegoalderantz doa, Pakistan alderik alde zeharkatuz. <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_(Pakistan)" title="Hyderabad (Pakistan)">Hyderabad</a> hiritik igaro ondoren, <a href="/wiki/Karatxi" title="Karatxi">Karatxiren</a> hego-ekialdean, <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> probintzian, delta batean isurtzen da <a href="/wiki/Arabiako_itsasoa" title="Arabiako itsasoa">Arabiako itsasora</a>. </p><p>Pakistango ibairik luzeena da, eta, urteko <a href="/wiki/Emari_(likidoa)" title="Emari (likidoa)">ur emariari</a> dagokionez, munduko hogeita batgarren ibairik handiena da. Pakistango biziaren lerrotzat hartzen du maiz herrialde hartako jendeak. Europarrek «India» izena erabiltzen zuten <a href="/wiki/Indiako_azpikontinentea" title="Indiako azpikontinentea">indiar azpikontinente</a> osorako, ibai honen Ινδός (Indos) greziar izenean oinarrituta. Guztira, 3.180 kilometroko luzera du. Guztira, 1.165.000 km² baino gehiagoko eremua drainatzen du. Urtean ur emaria 207 km³ inguru dauka. Munduko lekurik garaienetan sortzen da, <a href="/wiki/Glaziar" title="Glaziar">glaziar</a> artean, eta <a href="/wiki/Hostozabalen_baso_misto_epel" title="Hostozabalen baso misto epel">baso epelen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ordoki" title="Ordoki">lautaden</a> eta landa idorren <a href="/wiki/Ekosistema" title="Ekosistema">ekosistema</a> elikatzen du. <a href="/wiki/Chenab" title="Chenab">Chenab</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravi (sortu gabe)">Ravi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jhelum" title="Jhelum">Jhelum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beas_(ibaia)" title="Beas (ibaia)">Beas</a> eta desagertutako <a href="/wiki/Sarasvati" title="Sarasvati">Sarasvati</a> ibaiekin batera, Indus ibaia Pakistango <a href="/wiki/Zazpi_ibai_sakratuak" title="Zazpi ibai sakratuak">Sapta Sindhu</a> edo zazpi ibai sakratuen parte da. </p><p>Indusek Pakistango ekonomiarako funtsezko ura ematen du, batez ere <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan)" title="Punjab (Pakistan)">Punjab</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> probintzietan. <i>Punjab</i> hitza persierazko bi hitzen batura da: <i>panj</i> (پنج, bost) eta <i>āb</i> (آب, ura), hau da, hitzez hitz hartua «bost ibaien lurra». Bost ibai horiek dira <a href="/wiki/Jhelum" title="Jhelum">Jhelum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chenab" title="Chenab">Chenab</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravi (sortu gabe)">Ravi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beas_(ibaia)" title="Beas (ibaia)">Beas</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a>. Ibaiak ere industria astun askori laguntzen di, eta Pakistango <a href="/wiki/Edateko_ur" title="Edateko ur">ur edangarriaren</a> hornidura nagusia da. </p><p>Indo ibaiaren lehen iturria <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibeten</a> dago; Sengge eta Gar ibaien elkargunean hasten da, Nganglong Kangri eta Gangdise Shan mendikateen artean. berehala, ipar-mendebalderantz doa, <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakhetik</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Baltistan" title="Baltistan">Baltistandik</a> <a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgitera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum">Karakoram</a> mendikatearen hegoalderantz. Shyok, Shigar eta Gilgit ibaiadarrek ur glaziarrak ematen dizkiote ibai nagusiari. Pixkanaka, hegoaldera jotzen du, mendi artetik aterata <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi</a> artean. Indus 4.500-5.200 metroko arroila erraldoietatik igarotzen da <a href="/wiki/Nanga_Parbat" title="Nanga Parbat">Nanga Parbat</a> mendigunetik gertu. Hazarajatetik arin igarotzen da, Tarbelako <a href="/wiki/Presa" title="Presa">presaraino</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kabul_ibaia" title="Kabul ibaia">Kabul ibaiak</a> bat egiten zaio Attock hiritik gertu. Itsasora bidean egiten duen gainerako ibilbidea <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjabeko</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindheko</a> lautadetan egiten du. Panjnad ibaia elkartzen zaio Mithankot hirian. Elkargune horretatik behera, antzina ibaia <i>Satnad</i> izendatzen zuten (<i>sat,</i> zazpi; <i>nadi</i>, ibaiak); izan ere, puntu horretatik behera, ibaiak <a href="/wiki/Kabul_ibaia" title="Kabul ibaia">Kabul ibaiaren</a>, Indus ibaiaren eta Punjabeko bost ibaien urak zeramatzan. Jamshorotik igarota, delta handi batean itsasoratzen da, <a href="/wiki/Karatxi" title="Karatxi">Karatxiren</a> hego-ekialdean, <a href="/wiki/Arabiako_itsasoa" title="Arabiako itsasoa">Arabiako itsasoan</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Indus_river.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Indus_river.svg/200px-Indus_river.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Indus_river.svg/300px-Indus_river.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Indus_river.svg/400px-Indus_river.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2309" data-file-height="2495" /></a><figcaption>Indus ibaia eta bere ibaiadarrak.</figcaption></figure> <p>Antzina, <a href="/wiki/Persiar" title="Persiar">persiarrek</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Irandar_hizkuntzak" title="Irandar hizkuntzak">irandar hizkuntzetako</a> beste herri batzuek <i>Sindhu</i> esaten zioten Indus ibaiari, izen hori hedaraziz <a href="/wiki/Indiako_azpikontinentea" title="Indiako azpikontinentea">Indiako azpikontinente</a> osoko biztanleei, <i>Sindhustan</i> izenarekin (Sindhu[ren] herrialdea).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ibai honen haranean, K.a. 2300 eta 1750 bitartean, <a href="/wiki/Indus_haraneko_zibilizazioa" title="Indus haraneko zibilizazioa">Indus haraneko zibilizazioa</a> garatu zen, itxuraz <a href="/wiki/Ariar" title="Ariar">ariarren</a> kultura ezagutu ez zuena; bi hiriren hondakina<a href="/wiki/K.a._XVIII._mendea" title="K.a. XVIII. mendea">k a</a>urkitu dira: <a href="/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro">Mohenjo-daro</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Harappa" title="Harappa">Harappa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ibai hau ezagutu zuten lehen europarrak <a href="/wiki/Alexandro_Handia" title="Alexandro Handia">Alexandro Handiaren</a> greko-mazedoniarrak izan ziren, Indusen ia inperioaren ekialdeko muga aurkitu baitzuten. <a href="/wiki/Greziar" title="Greziar">Greziar</a> autoreak <i><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></i> hitza aipatzen hasi ziren <a href="/wiki/Indiako_azpikontinentea" title="Indiako azpikontinentea">Indiako azpikontinente</a> osoa aipatuz, ondoren autore latinoek «India Cisgangetica» eta «India Transgangetica» aipatuko zituzten.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alexandrok zubi bat eraikiarazi zuen Indus ibaiaren gainean, <a href="/wiki/Flavio_Arriano" title="Flavio Arriano">Flavio Arrianoren</a> azalpenen arabera: </p> <table cellpadding="10" align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse; color: inherit; background-color:transparent; border-style:none; width:;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="color:silver;font-size:20px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding:2 2px;">« </td> <td><i>When Alexander arrived at the river Indus, he found the bridge fully perfected by Hephaestion, and two large vessels, built with thirty oars, besides many more small ones. He also received the presents of Taxiles, the Indian, being two hundred talents of silver, three thousand oxen, above ten thousand sheep, and thirty elephants ; seven hundred Indian horse were sent to his assistance by that prince, who also made him a surrender of his capital, the largest and most populous of all the cities between the rivers Indus and Hydaspes.</i><br />Alexandro Indus ibaira iritsi zenean, zubia Hephaestionek erabat hobetua aurkitu zuen, eta bi ontzi handi, hogeita hamar arraunez eginak, eta beste asko txikiagoak. Taxiles indiarraren opariak ere jaso zituen, zilarrezko berrehun talentu, hiru mila idi, hamar mila ardi baino gehiago eta hogeita hamar elefante; zazpiehun zaldi indiar bidali zituen printze hark bere hiriburura, Indus eta Hydaspes ibaien arteko hiri handienera eta jendetsuenera. </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="color:silver;font-size:20px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding:2 2px;">» </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-top: 10px; text-align:right;font-size: 90%;">Flavio Arriano, <i>Anabasis</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Indo izena <i>Sindhu</i> zen eta den ibaiaren izen <a href="/wiki/Sanskrito" title="Sanskrito">sanskritotik</a> dator. Antzinako <a href="/wiki/Persiera" title="Persiera">persieraz</a> <i>Hendu</i> zen, <a href="/wiki/Hebreera" title="Hebreera">hebreeraz</a> <i>Hoddu</i>. Greziarrek h-a alde batera utzi eta <i>Indus</i> bihurtu zuten, baina narrazio batzuek (<i>Periplus Maris Erythraei</i> bezala) bere antzinako izena aipatzen dute, <i>Sindus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Indo</i> forma erabili izan da <a href="/wiki/Euskara" title="Euskara">euskaraz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gaztelania" title="Gaztelania">gaztelaniazko</a> bera, <a href="/wiki/Frantses" title="Frantses">frantsesez</a> Indus delarik), baina Indus arautua du <a href="/wiki/Euskaltzaindia" title="Euskaltzaindia">Euskaltzaindiak</a> 1996tik, eta berretsia Asiako toponimiari dagokion 171. arauan, 2012an.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gertakari_modernoak">Gertakari modernoak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gertakari modernoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Gertakari modernoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Indus_River_and_Manchhar_Lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Indus_River_and_Manchhar_Lake.jpg/220px-Indus_River_and_Manchhar_Lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="694" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Indus_River_and_Manchhar_Lake.jpg/330px-Indus_River_and_Manchhar_Lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Indus_River_and_Manchhar_Lake.jpg/440px-Indus_River_and_Manchhar_Lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2407" data-file-height="7592" /></a><figcaption>Ibaiak bere bidean urpean hartzen dituen eremuak kolore nabarmenduaz.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pakistango ekonomiarentzat eta gizartearentzat baliabide estrategikoa eta ezinbestekoa da Indus ibaia. 1947an <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indiak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistanek</a> independentzia eskuratu eta gero, Indus ibaiaren eta haren ekialdeko bost ibaiadarren erabilerak liskar handi bat sortu zuen Indiaren eta Pakistanen artean. <a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravi (sortu gabe)">Ravi</a> ibaietatik eratorritako ureztatze kanalak zatitu egin ziren, kanalak batez ere Pakistanen gelditu zirelarik eta urtegiak, aldiz, Indian. Horrela, Pakistango zenbait tokitan ur hornidura eten egin zen. Pakistanen kezka eta atsekabe politiko handiak sortu ziren, Indiak aise erabaki baitzezakeen, alde batetik, <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjabeko</a> eskualdeko zenbait ibaitan presa handiak eraikitzea, Pakistanen zeuden kanalen hornidura ahulduta; eta, bestetik, gerra sortuz gero, ibaiak desbideratzea. <a href="/wiki/Munduko_Bankua" title="Munduko Bankua">Munduko Bankuak</a> bultzatutako elkarrizketa diplomatikoei esker, Indiak eta Pakistanek 1960an sinatu zuten Induseko Uren Ituna.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Itunak Punjabeko ekialdeko hiru ibaien kontrola eman zion Indiari (<a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beas_(ibaia)" title="Beas (ibaia)">Beas</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravi (sortu gabe)">Ravi</a>); Pakistanek, berriz, mendebaldeko hiru ibaien kontrola lortu zuen, <a href="/wiki/Jhelum" title="Jhelum">Jhelum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chenab" title="Chenab">Chenab</a> eta Indus. Indiak eskubidea gordetzen du mendebaldeko ibaiak erabiltzeko ureztatzez besteko proiektuetan.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hinduek ibai ondoko leku sakratuetara egin ohi dituzten <a href="/wiki/Erromesaldi" title="Erromesaldi">erromesaldiak</a> ere beste gatazka iturri bat izan dira bi nazioen artean. <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistanek</a> eta <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indiak</a>, oro har, ez diete beste herrialdeko herritarrei mugak igarotzen uzten erromesaldi <a href="/wiki/Erlijio" title="Erlijio">erlijiosoak</a> egiteko, albo batera utzita <a href="/wiki/Sikhismo" title="Sikhismo">sikhek</a> Pakistanera urtero egiten duten erromesaldirako bidaia.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adituen artean kezka nabari bat dago <a href="/wiki/Basogabetze" title="Basogabetze">basogabetze</a> estentsiboak, industriaren <a href="/wiki/Kutsadura" title="Kutsadura">kutsadurak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Klima_aldaketa" title="Klima aldaketa">beroketa globalak</a> deltako landaredian eta faunan izan dezakeen eraginaz, <a href="/wiki/Nekazaritza-ekonomia" title="Nekazaritza-ekonomia">nekazaritza ekoizpenari</a> ere eragiten baitiote. Halaber, kezka larri bat dago, Indus ibaia mendebalderantz aldatzen ari ote den bidea. Askotan, kanalen kontserbazio akatsen ondorioz <a href="/wiki/Sedimentu" title="Sedimentu">sedimentuak</a> buxatu izan dira, eta horrek eragina izan du nekazaritzako ekoizpenean eta <a href="/wiki/Landaredi" title="Landaredi">landaredian</a>. Gainera, muturreko beroaldiak jasandako eskualdeetan, ura lurrundu egin da, eta gatz biltegiak utzi ditu, lurrak laborantzarako baliogabetuz.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pakistango indar politikoek, baita talde <a href="/wiki/Jihadismo" title="Jihadismo">jihadistek</a> ere, salatu izan dute India ibaian urtegiak eraikitzen ari dela, Induseko Uren Ituna urratuz, Pakistanera iristen den ur emaria murriztu baitu. Horrek tentsioa areagotu du aurrez aurre dauden bi herrialdeen artean.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Geografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Geografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ibaiak 2.900-3.180 kilometro arteko luzera du. Batez besteko emaria 6.700 m³/s da, eta arroaren azalera osoa 1.081.700 km² da. <a href="/wiki/Omango_golkoa" title="Omango golkoa">Omango golkoan</a> itsasoratzen den tokian, Indusek <a href="/wiki/Ibai_delta" title="Ibai delta">delta</a> zabal eta emankor bat eratzen du, 7.770 km² azaleraz, kostaldearen 200 kilometrotan zehar hedatzen dena. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo_ibaiaren_delta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo ibaiaren delta (sortu gabe)">Indo ibaiaren delta</a> mundu osoko eskualde ekologikorik garrantzitsuenetakotzat jotzen da. Ibai honetan <a href="/wiki/Izurde" title="Izurde">izurde</a> espezie berezi bat dago, bakarra munduan, <a href="/wiki/Platanista_minor" title="Platanista minor">Induseko izurdea</a> (<i>Platanista minor</i>), Ganges ibaian bizi den <a href="/wiki/Platanista_gangetica" title="Platanista gangetica">izurde</a> espeziearen oso antzekoa. 2001ean egindako errolda baten arabera, animalia horren 1.100 ale zeuden bizirik, aldiz 2017an 1.800 bat ale zenbatu ziren.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4" align="center" style="background: #003399; color:#FFFFFF"><b>Indus ibaiaren ibaiadar nagusiak</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>eskuinetik</th> <th>elkartze gunea</th> <th>adar nagusian <p>zenbat kilometro </p> </th> <th>ezkerretik </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="center">Nimmu herritik gertu, <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakhen</a> </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanskar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanskar (sortu gabe)">Zanskar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shyok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shyok (sortu gabe)">Shyok</a> </td> <td align="center">Skardu hiriaren ekialdean<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">550 </td> <td align="left">- </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilgit_(ibaia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilgit (ibaia) (sortu gabe)">Gilgit</a> </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="center">450 </td> <td align="left">- </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/Kabul_ibaia" title="Kabul ibaia">Kabul</a> </td> <td align="center">Attock hiritik gertu </td> <td align="center">700 </td> <td align="left">- </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sohan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sohan (sortu gabe)">Sohan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tochi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tochi (sortu gabe)">Tochi</a> </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">Gumal </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dera_Ismail_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dera Ismail Khan (sortu gabe)">Dera Ismail Khan</a> herriaren hegoan </td> <td align="center">400 </td> <td align="left"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mithankot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mithankot (sortu gabe)">Mithankot</a> herrian </td> <td align="center">71 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjnad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panjnad (sortu gabe)">Panjnad</a> bere ibaiadarrekin: <a href="/wiki/Chenab" title="Chenab">Chenab</a> (1.242 km), <p><a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a> (1.370 km), <a href="/wiki/Beas" title="Beas">Beas</a> (470 km). </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geologia">Geologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Geologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Geologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:IndusZanskar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/IndusZanskar.jpg/220px-IndusZanskar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/IndusZanskar.jpg/330px-IndusZanskar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/IndusZanskar.jpg/440px-IndusZanskar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Indus ibaiaren eta Zanskar ibaiadarraren elkargunea. Indus behean ageri da argazkian.</figcaption></figure> <p>Indus ibaiak <a href="/wiki/Indiako_ozeanoa" title="Indiako ozeanoa">Indiako ozeanoaren</a> urpeko korronteak elikatzen ditu, sedimentuen korronte garrantzitsu bat baita, munduan bigarrena, 5.000.000 km<sup>3</sup> inguruko material higatua garraiatzen baitu mendietatik. Sedimentuen azterketek adierazten dutenez, Pakistan iparraldeko <a href="/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum">Karakorum</a> mendiak dira material gehien sortzen dutenak, <a href="/wiki/Himalaia" title="Himalaia">Himalaia</a> bigarren ekarpen garrantzitsuena delarik, batez ere <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjabeko</a> ibai handien bidez (hau da, <a href="/wiki/Jhelum" title="Jhelum">Jhelum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravi (sortu gabe)">Ravi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chenab" title="Chenab">Chenab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beas" title="Beas">Beas</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a>). <a href="/wiki/Arabiako_itsasoa" title="Arabiako itsasoa">Arabiako itsasoko</a> sedimentuen analisiak erakutsi duenez, duela bost milioi urte inguru, Indus ez zegoen lotuta Punjabeko ibaietako eskualde horrekin. Ibai horiek ekialderantz zihoazen, <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Gangeserantz</a>, eta han amaitzen ziren.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aurrez egindako beste azterlan batzuk erakutsi zutenez, <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibeteko</a> mendebaldeko hondarra eta <a href="/wiki/Lokatz" title="Lokatz">lohia</a> duela 45 milioi urte iritsi ziren Arabiako itsasora, beraz horrek esan nahi du garai hartan Indus ibaia bazegoela.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indus ibaiaren arbaso haren delta gerora Katawaz ibaiaren arroan aurkitu zuten, <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> eta Pakistan arteko mugan. Antzinako <a href="/wiki/Rig-veda" title="Rig-veda">Rig-veda</a> liburu sakratuaren arabera, Indus ibaia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saraswati (sortu gabe)">Saraswati</a> ibaia da, Himalaiatik Arabiako Itsasorantz zihoana, Pakistanen zehar. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nanga_Parbat" title="Nanga Parbat">Nanga Parbat</a> eskualdean, Indus ibaiak <a href="/wiki/Higadura" title="Higadura">higadura</a> masiboak eragiten ditu. Eremu hartan materiala harrapatu eta desbideratu ondoren, uste da lur azaletik arroka sakon eta ertainak eramaten dituela.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Basa_bizitza">Basa bizitza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Basa bizitza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Basa bizitza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Indus_river,_Pakistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Indus_river%2C_Pakistan.jpg/220px-Indus_river%2C_Pakistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Indus_river%2C_Pakistan.jpg/330px-Indus_river%2C_Pakistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Indus_river%2C_Pakistan.jpg/440px-Indus_river%2C_Pakistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2299" data-file-height="1571" /></a><figcaption>Indus ibaiaren gaineko zubi bat, Pakistanen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Indus ibaiaren haranari buruzko testuek erakusten dute, <a href="/wiki/Alexandro_Handia" title="Alexandro Handia">Alexandro Handiaren</a> garaietatik, eskualdea baso osasuntsu batek estaltzen zuela, baina gaur egun nabarmen egin du atzera. <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a> <a href="/wiki/Mogol_Inperioa" title="Mogol Inperioa">mogolen</a> enperadoreak bere oroitzapenetan<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> deskribatu zuen <a href="/wiki/Errinozero" title="Errinozero">errinozeroak</a> aurki zitezkeela ibai ertzetan zehar.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Basogabetze" title="Basogabetze">Deforestazio</a> handi batek eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siwalik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siwalik (sortu gabe)">Siwalik</a> mendikatearen ekologian gizakiak eragindako interferentziek <a href="/wiki/Landaredi" title="Landaredi">landaretza</a> eta bere hazkunde baldintzak nabarmen narriatzea eragin dute. Indus haraneko eskualdeak idorrak dira eta landaredi urria dute. Garatu izan den nekazaritza <a href="/wiki/Ureztatze" title="Ureztatze">ureztatze</a> lanei esker mantentzen da hein handi batean. </p><p>Indus ibaiko <a href="/wiki/Platanista_gangetica" title="Platanista gangetica">izurde itsuak</a> izurdeen azpiespeziea ibai honetan dago soilik, nahiz eta, lehenago, bere ibaiadarretan ere aurki zitekeen.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lasto arrainak (<i><a href="/wiki/Hilsa_kelee" title="Hilsa kelee">Hilsa kelee</a></i>) ere aurkitzen ahal dira ibaian, jateko arrain preziatua.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibaiak arrain populazio aski ugaria dauka, arrantza gune nabarmen batzuekin (Sukkur, Thatta eta Kotri), guztiak behe ibilguan, <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> probintzian. Alabaina, urtegiek eta ureztatze intentsiboak jarduera ekonomiko garrantzitsu bihurtu dute <a href="/wiki/Piszikultura" title="Piszikultura">arrain hazkuntza</a>. <a href="/wiki/Karatxi" title="Karatxi">Karachi</a> hego-ekialdean, ibaiaren delta handia munduko eskualde garrantzitsuenetakotzat jotzen dute kontserbazionistek. Ibaia <a href="/wiki/Zingira" title="Zingira">zingira</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Erreka" title="Erreka">errekasto</a> bihurtzen da, eta itsasoarekin egiten du topo lur gaineko mailetan. Habitat horretan, itsas arrainak ugari dira, <a href="/wiki/Bramidae" title="Bramidae">bramidae</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Dendrobranchiata" title="Dendrobranchiata">dendrobranchiata</a> barne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomia">Ekonomia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ekonomia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indus ibaia <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjabeko</a> eskualdeen eta <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> probintziako lautaden ur iturri nagusia da. Sindh da Pakistango nekazaritzaren eta elikagaien ekoizpenaren bizkarrezurra. Ibaia bereziki garrantzizkoa da, euri gutxi egiten baitu Indus haranaren behe ibilguan. Ureztatzeko kanalak Indo haraneko lehen zibilizazioetako herriek eraiki zituzten, eta, geroago, <a href="/wiki/Kusan" title="Kusan">Kushan Inperioko</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Mogol_Inperioa" title="Mogol Inperioa">Mogol Inperioko</a> ingeniariek. Ureztatze modernoa 1850ean sartu zuen <a href="/wiki/Ekialdeko_Indietako_Britainiar_Konpainia" title="Ekialdeko Indietako Britainiar Konpainia">Ekialdeko Indietako Britainiar Konpainiak</a> (ingelesez, <i>British East India Company</i>) kanal modernoen eraikuntzari ekin baitzion, kanal zaharren zaharberritzearekin batera. Britainiarrek munduko ureztatze sare konplexuenetako bat eraikiarazi zuten. Guddu presak 1.350 metroko luzera du, eta ura ematen die Sukkur, Jacobabad, Larkana eta <a href="/wiki/Kalat" title="Kalat">Kalat</a> hiriei. Sukkurreko presak 20.000 kilometro koadro (5.000.000 hektarea) eremu bat hornitzen du urez. </p><p>Pakistanen independentziaren ondoren, Indiak eta Pakistanek berak 1960an sinatutako uraren kontrolerako itun batek bermatu zuen Pakistanek ura jasoko zuela Indus ibaitik eta haren mendebaldeko bi ibaiadarretatik, <a href="/wiki/Jhelum" title="Jhelum">Jhelum</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Chenab" title="Chenab">Chenab</a>, Indiak ibaian gora egin zezakeen kontroletik at.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indus arroari dagokionez, proiektua zen bi presa nagusi eraikitzea: Manglanokoa, <a href="/wiki/Jhelum" title="Jhelum">Jhelum</a> ibaian, eta Tarbela presa, Indus ibaian.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pakistango Uraren eta Energiaren Garapenerako Agintaritzak lotura kanal bat eraiki zuen, Indus eta Jhelum ibaien urak lotzearren, ur hornidura hedatzeko Bahawalpur eta Multen eskualdeetara. Pakistanek Tarbela presa eraiki zuen <a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpinditik</a> gertu, 2.743 metro luze eta 143 metro garai, eta 80 kilometro luzeko gordailuaz. <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabadetik</a> gertu, Kotri presak 915 metroko luzera du eta <a href="/wiki/Karatxi" title="Karatxi">Karatxiri</a> ur hornidura gehigarria eskaintzen dizkio. Taunsako presak, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dera_Ghazi_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dera Ghazi Khan (sortu gabe)">Dera Ghazi Khan</a> inguruan, 100.000 <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">kilowatt</a> <a href="/wiki/Elektrizitate" title="Elektrizitate">elektrizitate</a> ekoizten ditu. Ibaiadarrek Indusekin duten lotura estuak aukera eman du <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a> haraneko ur baliabideak hedatzeko <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwara</a>. Ureztatze proiektuak eta presak dira Pakistanen eskala handiko ekoizpenerako oinarria, <a href="/wiki/Kotoi" title="Kotoi">kotoia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azukre-kanabera" title="Azukre-kanabera">azukre kanabera</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Gari" title="Gari">garia</a> bezalako laboreetan. Presek industria astunerako eta hiriguneetarako elektrizitatea ere sortzen dute. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etnografia">Etnografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Etnografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Etnografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Indus.A2002274.0610.1km.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Indus.A2002274.0610.1km.jpg/220px-Indus.A2002274.0610.1km.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Indus.A2002274.0610.1km.jpg/330px-Indus.A2002274.0610.1km.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Indus.A2002274.0610.1km.jpg/440px-Indus.A2002274.0610.1km.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1700" /></a><figcaption>Indus ibai arroaren satelite bidezko irudia.</figcaption></figure> <p>Indus ibaia igarotzen den eskualdeetako biztanleak jatorri <a href="/wiki/Etnia" title="Etnia">etniko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erlijio" title="Erlijio">erlijioso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazio" title="Nazio">nazional</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntzalaritza" title="Hizkuntzalaritza">linguistiko</a> askotarikoak dira. <a href="/wiki/Jammu_eta_Kaxmir" title="Jammu eta Kaxmir">Jammu eta Kaxmir</a> probintzian, ibaiaren iparraldeko ibilguan, <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakheko</a> <a href="/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo">budistak</a> bizi dira, <a href="/wiki/Tibetar_budismo" title="Tibetar budismo">tibetar balioetan</a> oinarritzen direnak, eta dardoak, <a href="/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo">budismoa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islama</a> praktikatzen dituztenak. Ibaiuan behera, <a href="/wiki/Baltistan" title="Baltistan">Baltistanera</a> jaitsita, Pakistango iparraldean, <a href="/wiki/B%C4%83l%C8%9Bi" title="Bălți">Balti</a> hiri nagusia dago. Pakistanen zehar aurrera egin ahala, Indusek etnizitatearen eta kulturen muga bereizgarria eratzen du: mendebaldeko ertzean, <a href="/wiki/Paxtun" title="Paxtun">paxtunak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balutxi" title="Balutxi">balotxak</a> eta beste <a href="/wiki/Irandar_herriak" title="Irandar herriak">irandar herri</a> batzuk bizi dira neurri handi batean, <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> ekialdeko eta <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Irango</a> zati batzuetako lotura kultural, ekonomiko eta etniko estuekin; ekialdeko ertzean, berriz, indoariar izaerako herriak bizi dira, <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(herria)" title="Punjab (herria)">punjabiarrak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_(herria)" title="Sindhi (herria)">sindhiarrak</a>; Punjab iparraldean eta Pakhtunkhwa Khyberren, <a href="/wiki/Paxtun" title="Paxtun">paxtun</a> etniako biztanleak bizi dira dardoen ondoan muinoetan (Khowar, Kalash, Shina...), <a href="/wiki/Buruxaski" title="Buruxaski">buruxak</a> (Hunzan), eta <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(herria)" title="Punjab (herria)">punjabiarrak</a> <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> probintzian, bertako populazioak osatzen dituzten <a href="/wiki/Sindhi" title="Sindhi">sindhi</a> hizkuntzaren herriak. Ibaitik mendebaldera, <a href="/wiki/Balutxistan_eskualdea" title="Balutxistan eskualdea">Balutxistaneko</a> <a href="/wiki/Balutxi" title="Balutxi">balutxx</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Paxtun" title="Paxtun">paxtun</a> herriak bizi dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hidrologia">Hidrologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hidrologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Hidrologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indus ibaiaren <a href="/wiki/Emari_(likidoa)" title="Emari (likidoa)">ur emaria</a> 34 urtez behatu da (1937tik 1970era, biak barne) Sukkur Pakistango ibai portuan, <a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a> azken ibaiadar garrantzitsuarekin bat egiten duen hego-mendebaldean (beherago), 200 kilometro eskasera. Sukkur eskualdean dago, eta ibaiaren emaria gehienekoa da gune horretan; izan ere, beherago, <a href="/wiki/Ureztatze" title="Ureztatze">ureztatze</a> lan ugarietarako ur kopuru handiak ateratzen dira ibaitik, eta, hala, emaria pixkanaka murriztu egiten da. Gainera, handik aurrera ez dauka beste <a href="/wiki/Ibaiadar" title="Ibaiadar">ibaiadarrik</a>, ez handi ez txiki. </p> <center> <p><b>Indus ibaiaren batez besteko ur emariak (m³/s) Sukkurreko estazio hidrologikoan</b><br /><b>Datuen aldia:1937-1970</b> </p> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_d4t1sbqy30q59ofhpy0onn7d6kttjk2"></map><img usemap="#timeline_d4t1sbqy30q59ofhpy0onn7d6kttjk2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/eu/timeline/d4t1sbqy30q59ofhpy0onn7d6kttjk2.png" /></div> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010eko_uholdeak">2010eko uholdeak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «2010eko uholdeak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: 2010eko uholdeak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Indus_flooding_2010_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Indus_flooding_2010_en.svg/220px-Indus_flooding_2010_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Indus_flooding_2010_en.svg/330px-Indus_flooding_2010_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Indus_flooding_2010_en.svg/440px-Indus_flooding_2010_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="726" /></a><figcaption>Uholdeak eragindako eremuak, 2010eko abuztuaren 26an.</figcaption></figure> <p>2010eko uztailean, ohi baino <a href="/wiki/Montzoi" title="Montzoi">montzoi</a> <a href="/wiki/Eurite" title="Eurite">eurite</a> handiagoak zirela-eta, Indus ibaia bere bidetik atera zen, eta ibai ertzen eremu asko urpean gelditu ziren. Hurrengo bi hilabeteetan, euriteek Pakistango eremu handiak suntsitu zituzten. <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> probintzian, Indusek gainezka egin zuen Sukkur inguruan abuztuaren 8an, Kan Jatoi Mor herria guztiz urperatuz.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abuztu hasieran, uholde larrienak hegoalderantz joan ziren, Indus ibaian zehar, iparraldeko eskualde larriki kaltetuetatik Punjaberantz —gutxienez 570.000 hektarea labore lur urpean gelditu ziren— eta hegoaldeko Sindh probintziara.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2010eko irailean, bi mila pertsona inguru hil ziren uholdeen ondorioz,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eta milioi bat etxe inguru suntsitu ziren uholdea hasi zenetik.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nazio_Batuen_Erakundea" title="Nazio Batuen Erakundea">NBEk</a> inguru hartan esku hartu zuen uholdeen ondorio larriak arintzeko.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indus_ibaiaren_maskareta">Indus ibaiaren maskareta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Indus ibaiaren maskareta»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Indus ibaiaren maskareta"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indus ibaiak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maskareta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maskareta (sortu gabe)">maskareta</a> bat izan ohi du <a href="/wiki/Itsasadar" title="Itsasadar">itsasadarrean</a>, hau da, itsasoko <a href="/wiki/Itsasaldi" title="Itsasaldi">mareak</a> eragindako uhin bortitz bat ibaian goratzen dena, <a href="/wiki/Alexandro_Handia" title="Alexandro Handia">Alexandro Handiaren</a> garaitik dokumentatua.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="background-color:#e0e0e0;border-collapse:collapse;border-radius: 6px;border-style:none;margin: .5em 2.75em; padding: 20px;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="color:silver;font-size:40px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;">« </td> <td align="left" style="padding:10px; padding-bottom:0; font-size: 90%;">Hirugarren egunean, itsasoko ura ibaiarenarekin nahasten hasia zela ikusi zuten; eta, neke gehixeagorekin jaisten zirenez, marea gora zetorrelako, uraren erdian zegoen beste irla batera hurbildu ziren, eta lasterka joan ziren babestera, hiru orduren buruan gertatu behar zitzaienaz zalantzarik egin gabe: jarioa bere ohikora itzultzen zelarik, hasieran ibaiaren bidea geldiarazi besterik ez zuen egin; baina gero halako kemenaz bultzatu zuen, ezen ibaian gora joan baitzen uhar batean behera ura datorrena baino lasterrago. Soldaduek ez zekiten deus ozeanoaren itsasgoraz eta beheraz, baina ikusita bat-batean puztu eta lurrak urpean hartzen zituela, uste izan zuten jainkoen haserrearen zeinua zela, haien ausarkeria zigortu nahirik. </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="color:silver;font-size:40px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;">» </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding: 10px; padding-top:0; font-size: 85%;"><p style="line-height:1em;text-align: right"><cite style="font-style:normal;">—<a href="/wiki/Kinto_Kurtzio_Rufo" title="Kinto Kurtzio Rufo">Kinto Kurtzio Rufo</a> <i>Alexandro Handiaren historia</i><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Euskaltzaindia171.araua-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Euskaltzaindia171.araua_1-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFEuskaltzaindia2012-06-29"><a href="/wiki/Euskaltzaindia" title="Euskaltzaindia">Euskaltzaindia</a>.  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(1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3324255r"><i>Les cités oubliées de l'Indus : archéologie du Pakistan. </i></a> Paris: Association française d'action artistique <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1450269388">.1450269388</a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-10)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Italieraz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Italieraz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240519045831/https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/indie/">«Indie nell'Enciclopedia Treccani»</a> <i>Treccani</i> (web.archive.org) 2024-05-19 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-10)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFArrianRooke1814">Arrian; Rooke, John.  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(2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=qQWYkSs51rEC&pg=PR12&dq=The+Periplus+Maris+Erythraei&hl=es&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj-qo3K1Z76AhUThv0HHU5qBbkQ6AF6BAgFEAI#v=onepage&q=The%20Periplus%20Maris%20Erythraei&f=false"><i>The Periplus Maris Erythraei: Text with Introduction, Translation, and Commentary. </i></a> Princeton: Princeton University Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1400843206" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1400843206">978-1400843206</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1302490649">.1302490649</a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-10)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskaltzaindia.eus/index.php?option=com_ecoeoda&task=lekuaIkusi&Itemid=472&lang=eu&kodea=124903&mota=bateratua">«Indus - Lekuak - EODA»</a> <i>www.euskaltzaindia.eus</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-05-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Indus-Waters-Treaty">«Indus Waters Treaty | History, Provisions, & Facts»</a> <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i> (www.britannica.com) 2024-10-09 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFGovernment_of_India1960-09-19">Government of India, Ministry of External Affairs.  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(2023-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1568484923000333">«Indus River Delta: Contested Narratives in the Climate of Change»</a> <i>Asian Journal of Social Science</i> 51 (4): 215–226.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajss.2023.06.001">10.1016/j.ajss.2023.06.001</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1568-4849">1568-4849</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230528231654/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/government-has-decided-to-stop-our-share-of-water-which-used-to-flow-to-pakistan-tweets-minister-nit-1997270">«Nitin Gadkari Says India Will Stop Its Share Of Water Flowing To Pakistan»</a> <i>NDTV</i> (web.archive.org) 2023-05-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBraulikNoureenArshadReeves2015-12-01">Braulik, Gill T.; Noureen, Uzma; Arshad, Masood; Reeves, Randall R..  (2015-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320715300999">«Review of status, threats, and conservation management options for the endangered Indus River blind dolphin»</a> <i>Biological Conservation</i> 192: 30–41.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.biocon.2015.09.008">10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.008</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0006-3207">0006-3207</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFKing2004">King, John.  (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/56639519"><i>Pakistan & the Karakoram Highway. </i></a> Melbourne: Lonely Planet <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0864427090" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0864427090">978-0864427090</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/56639519">.56639519</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFCliftBlusztajn2005-12">Clift, Peter D.; Blusztajn, Jerzy.  (2005-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nature04379">«Reorganization of the western Himalayan river system after five million years ago»</a> <i>Nature</i> 438 (7070): 1001–1003.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature04379">10.1038/nature04379</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-15)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFCliftShimizuLayneBlusztajn2001-08">Clift, P.D.; Shimizu, N.; Layne, G.D.; Blusztajn, J.S.; Gaedicke, C.; Schlüter, H.-U.; Clark, M.K.; Amjad, S..  (2001-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsabulletin/article/113/8/1039-1051/183784">«Development of the Indus Fan and its significance for the erosional history of the Western Himalaya and Karakoram»</a> <i>Geological Society of America Bulletin</i> 113 (8): 1039-1051. or.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1130%2F0016-7606%282001%29113%3C1039%3ADOTIFA%3E2.0.CO%3B2">10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<1039:DOTIFA>2.0.CO;2</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1943-2674">1943-2674</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-15)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFZeitlerKoonsBishopChamberlain2001-10">Zeitler, Peter K.; Koons, Peter O.; Bishop, Michael P.; Chamberlain, C. Page; Craw, David; Edwards, Michael A.; Hamidullah, Syed; Jan, M. Qasim <i>et al</i>..  (2001-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2000TC001243">«Crustal reworking at Nanga Parbat, Pakistan: Metamorphic consequences of thermal‐mechanical coupling facilitated by erosion»</a> <i>Tectonics</i> 20 (5): 712-728. or.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1029%2F2000TC001243">10.1029/2000TC001243</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0278-7407">0278-7407</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-15)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBaburBeveridge1922">Babur, Emperor of Hindustan; Beveridge, Annette Susannah.  (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/baburnamainengli01babuuoft/page/n7/mode/2up"><i>The Babur-nama in English (Memoirs of Babur). </i></a> London: Luzac <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-15)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBaburBeveridge1922">Babur, Emperor of Hindustan; Beveridge, Annette Susannah.  (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/baburnamainengli02babuuoft/page/n5/mode/2up"><i>The Babur-nama in English (Memoirs of Babur). </i></a> London: Luzac <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-15)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFVerma2016-02-12">Verma, Som Prakash.  (2016-02-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781317338635"><i>The Illustrated Baburnama. </i></a> Routledge India  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315660943">10.4324/9781315660943</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1317338635" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1317338635">978-1317338635</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1000437973">.1000437973</a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-15)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFKlinowska1991">Klinowska, M..  (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.ec/books?id=QynOriR1MxEC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Dolphins, Porpoises and Whales of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. </i></a> Cambridge: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 35. or. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-2880329365" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-2880329365">978-2880329365</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/24110680">.24110680</a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-15)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBhaumik2016-06-10">Bhaumik, Utpal.  (2016-06-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ijcrar.com/abstractview.php?ID=138&vol=4-6-2016&SNo=4">«Stock Profile of Hilsa Shad Population in Bay of Bengal Region- A Review»</a> <i>International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review</i> 4 (6): 22-38. or.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.20546%2Fijcrar.2016.406.004">10.20546/ijcrar.2016.406.004</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/2347-3215">2347-3215</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-15)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHornell2014">Hornell, James.  (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/1226336524"><i>Fishing in many waters. </i></a> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 108. or. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1107475434" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1107475434">978-1107475434</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1226336524">.1226336524</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629115912/http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?id=s0003769">«Tarbela Dam (1977)»</a> <i>Structurae - International Database and gallery of Structures</i> (web.archive.org) 2011-06-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-15)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/save/https://documents.worldbank.org/pt/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/494241468326193281/west-pakistan-indus-basin-project">«West Pakistan - Indus Basin Project»</a> <i>World Bank</i> (web.archive.org)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043348/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/asia-flooding-plunges-millions-into-misery/">«Asia Flooding Plunges Millions into Misery»</a> <i>CBS News</i> (web.archive.org) 2010-08-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170407030011/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-10900947">«Pakistan issues flooding 'red alert' for Sindh province»</a> <i>BBC News</i> (web.archive.org) 2010-08-07 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190209125305/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-10994989">«Pakistan floods: World Bank to lend $900m for recovery»</a> <i>BBC News</i> (web.archive.org) 2010-08-17 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331092653/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-10984477">«Millions of Pakistan children at risk of flood diseases»</a> <i>BBC News</i> (web.archive.org) 2010-08-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Katalanez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Katalanez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/save/https://www.elperiodico.cat/ca/internacional/20100816/ban-ki-moon-implora-mes-rapidesa-437054">«Ban Ki-moon implora més rapidesa en favor de les víctimes del Pakistan»</a> <i>El Periódico</i> (web.archive.org)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFChanson2012">Chanson, Hubert.  (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books/about/Tidal_Bores_Aegir_Eagre_Mascaret_Pororoc.html?id=kAG8MMq1NUQC&redir_esc=y"><i>Tidal bores, aegir, eagre, mascaret, pororoca : theory and observations. </i></a> Singapore: World Scientific, 37. or. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-9814335423" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-9814335423">978-9814335423</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/777560880">.777560880</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFChanson2009">Chanson, Hubert.  (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203876268"><i>Applied Hydrodynamics. </i></a> Florida: CRC Press, 252. or.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1201%2Fb11464">10.1201/b11464</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0203876268" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0203876268">978-0203876268</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/763154871">.763154871</a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBurnes1834">Burnes, Sir Alexander.  (1834). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=H76HB3nfiFMC&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Travels Into Bokhara: Narrative of a voyage by the river Indus. Memoir of the Indus and its tributary rivers in the Punjab. </i></a> J. Murray, 13. or. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-11-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFQuintus_Curtius_Rufus">Quintus Curtius Rufus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/1193067012"><i>The Complete Works of Quintus Curtius Rufus (fl. 1st century AD). </i></a> Delphi Classics, 947. or. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1786563828" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1786563828">978-1786563828</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1193067012">.1193067012</a></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chenab" title="Chenab">Chenab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beas_(ibaia)" title="Beas (ibaia)">Beas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhelum" title="Jhelum">Jhelum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazpi_ibai_sakratuak" title="Zazpi ibai sakratuak">Zazpi ibai sakratuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindush" title="Hindush">Hindush</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span> Anna-Katarina Gravgaard eta William Wheeler (2009-05-11) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240419032551/https://pulitzercenter.org/projects/south-asias-troubled-waters">South Asia's Troubled Waters</a> Pulitzer Center.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7348" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q7348">Q7348</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Indus_River">Indus River</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q7348%22">Q7348</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-237269647">WorldCat</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/237269647/">237269647</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4095957-0">4095957-0</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628235">00628235</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0117801">xx0117801</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10038808">10038808</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Indus-River">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Lekuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OSM</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1159233">1159233</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7348" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q7348">Q7348</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Indus_River">Indus River</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q7348%22">Q7348</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    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