CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913636fc0a46fcf6',cH: 'SxqM8ln6Vlllkz.DRV49uTKs6Ur1LiwADqNBzLmPaVM-1739799894-1.2.1.1-kSNxmeTOfAkJzo8zPJ1tfMb6aPftU.QafuROKLBsoGM..reilqbsojDOyk5RvZWX',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Mathare%20Nairobi&__cf_chl_tk=nJCtSYCQQB9DyyRo3_bjH775HBG4TCZ1NmLCFQRcUtg-1739799894-1.0.1.1-.5FSyq8hCXlSmMXUP8pEqFrEODAIJyH.Jv.lxlUEj0A",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739799894',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Mathare%20Nairobi&__cf_chl_f_tk=nJCtSYCQQB9DyyRo3_bjH775HBG4TCZ1NmLCFQRcUtg-1739799894-1.0.1.1-.5FSyq8hCXlSmMXUP8pEqFrEODAIJyH.Jv.lxlUEj0A",md: "GbU_qJ4zOGJ_5y6sgnkBsSKlz6_._0.poX502EtAjh8-1739799894-1.2.1.1-PUwJKnzqRrgKBUa6YsaTCLMQZEdpI2oSNRqSWO3eOJqeTJOHPQBePyHHBgCfBGHnFS5DqzQ6BGtkO8.JLXzrLq74yxQk.qAp4dpOOI5w4Bs2kzd3vbdKPm_VplWfNiCd0.ggvbAwBeDpd6WTIVSZVm0zMcqXPOmuZwR3N.hppGk9A2lsDqcNhLNqO1kwpVnW0HF1U_uEo1XDFgLUm6yXzM_cYX1XAZDHBefqggSbziB3zWGtML6QQ4r_Wa1cM.WpbiahSwWZCqSvw8i.jI_GPLUmNnAbElmvtyKlE.y1c.R774o7UQDM1Fo5aijF7WRdPBdCOOhxaQY3.1iy7RVEOFgs8Wy5W6mOcVJHZ1Fvgywru8O4dW2qdyOptfV0OlFY3eC91m6rAZ4zrLhYDsjr83meWrEA4URx_FdOBXBLn2TR3CE2EDZtgryyVFfCR..5otbLlJ4s0.hZq_LQP_8nTesaZwp73MlcMTAtbYuIf4D_fIpUtY7ojuL4vrp9zjE11J8r3YrNOoHvPMlbCud1.HSIFHegqJ8oi7QcfJ.Mu4E5.v998xeDtsMMO6nJBWr6l0PoAXqjivoivR6syhW8TKKRySpDbZQBrhCPpIgTwwD28qDRtgPIDLH1N64OyD9oX7l5ggT95IbI1sPxkC6dESc2jPYORd_YyljxsZC6vusKtR0gMDLm9B51WgJSW0ZrfXUm7QuD.2kSUx1USHUczA7rpFU_lb7FX3d0heHklmjCW6QoOZ5cy4DEMhcllUg7gSPAqd26j6yiabBKt8zzcMkA6ABeunR56OeeMP7RO3TmULchMW6E1qvjoWvGnsvwPTjZCj29AMRUVpXCNrYw7uFw1T5iaduBVgkDxONtoduhhKirV4PvlByd6LkwVM4A0r74a0dENoq0c7wvmrnHHc3Zahv_JfV3TqPxMtQwgF0Pse4vsTYG24oH617UUiKURmy6pKcuRCzfNUU1150A6_g5SGozqa1L4YFzcPBN2SE5XufnVU0U42JBmbH8I0X5ytEuKnXSe6dnce1Qe.MqtY4zVL3u1KyfagY5VvUEGUqLWx1Nhf7u.f.m1wXzz03odRpec8R5WKe4M880SnKP_.4pbnbMBrGjlOOWhQjJFI6uXKqKW2arwX3INqRpv8wdaEqur5xC2RlgrUHH4gomFgRKhuTKV.FsWXTgzcrQoB1fVuJfY6BQzMFQqUAqK6nOTv0uwi9UU35SJuTTiftSKCUxCtfM3Dh9W68aHgmSEFGEHTu.rQoP3vshZ7XBsy9TjoUrLwSXbm_wGN5Hno9nHMFUCSkThmaUspv43nSPVMOVO92U1kdahJqugB2GmxulkVBvTodGDcC5743qfGS3GT4UNUum_zUpSFXkXCdk.3cjoqUbC9ViTMpDhuOWh6p7O7S_WDjdh4Wu7bMsYl3CwG6vzKHajd0eyzsLs5EOWyzUyRi08KYZe9jUZ3bLUwxOUDuLOOPZeIj2ZLIz3AFUGFHKXE4s8ywSwh5ur8qzgqoJTP2yYEDm.lLh28jV19S5gI0Iq4Tg5uljoIEN8qDdAcKdfzzJ9FW0b2dyynU98U0YBZ2FaqB3jKzlJu9BSSY5A3cYp576FZkWbK5D_ndklTtIaM4HEo7E64Q7XUoMbBsmAQ6ntyCmPe9zxX_mm10K.qv83MXggHrgD3ELVNeH.s.NklShvtF7Gor6QkLG3fNDjpxKvXX8CHGWMJyd_izd_XO3QVXEjqMY2CiRff_8BWpfEVmj7LF9bLewfTLEMJKl1lr8.Sd78bMWexE11G_og0K47ylbBytAsfGJ8FVmqa_sR1yvnFDAHJEir5zChIzzdcLHDqGm7uhKdTRYW4OWplcD9WydTTznPVJe.LuYK1a4nzroxYGAc9CTmnelGX7CYfJNcHxXoCIxZ0S56PfuuMuAotK8cjHewZqNNQYND0Qam4AoNWd7mMh6YVQcsRQ",mdrd: "ZA4y9.Maxmqtd1AerOOQkfOrGLOKWSvBscNQsqRPch8-1739799894-1.2.1.1-Qsjxrbbzz83_CooQciCE3feaH.KJ83vWhv5NZR3xO3F0fhS.tD8kDQYHX_9q9.Zqol8_1_7uh6NkPKw0fPUQA2YKlhL6LrENfzxjHyew_tmgZGOzk.NSNAbzu41lS8DQ76ctCZl7zYKRAxY76hUmcV.sBRG2VNOxbsRDEHOAcqEsOJLuWFEgfW4KB793OhyY7hGOphfHSqXDJYgchEA2GGXNgBXpgk2nu8SK9orLUpGgC1u0kBAaLS_WLozH6.bgO85.NEo32OUBWqgp3NkajiZ30e.fezPCERP75d8CYZ2ACLMjGEKu468LTK11v6Qlg7ikgEjKJM7B7y4.wdN5sB5HOUE0UydTFrkqCDW8oqclBHoxGPEdaU9GS760VgbyksfaTDT4QYBzVKt2pU9lM9Bzfuk4cyKmHWh7PSaRwQcPXXAtUbPlgRQIkouNrIeJ.pxG66d4wWeD7spC1AQ4h5ked.99_8HpCk.FIVeUvUHz0cNLI6.CIZXUU.gvbEQAuwe0KEZOPUqr90gVEWO.szChLCiADmitZ5wkEQw2UAXMRJy13Gq2c.kau4lt6NM1Rcr4MqcNa2_elll2V7LkfCPgVGD5IohTJzmrQ9DerIdISYMs9JvPrf_yzQ9PagZysevTL6NF9i8M.ENEIFFfyLGYX_f7cCsXaHnT9NQK7SjAKOrq08.Wg09fP7_bpEWJbWE1xGmW1e5SaAVorPBWTA8L5LRjNVmqfLdrk91WDA_k6o2ngVvCofTfKSVNb32lSSSCkiK2vI06fdAef9TFkScjy9nwWp7AOOQxAKvmZOB7dBF_.FARiw141X8ZCRwdXiaaiYvUkl.ZMIkbqx9fB6rvpOuuMK528I23J1Z.BeakYWT0Ymvf4L1vZfNtKqTN_.qOIWSZwEzkgSxGROJ9mlcr1G48KFiNkzYLrXG.Y2gEYFwvlKvWzn1jyB7795qrvWDg0BEy58hDX3NOz7QYmTHfe9gIFVKCPFjTuKRHPc05nprD3cLrqjTB2cKspjPRcSkH2nT2tF55sr5SOF0cY.7W9F8dmIvzWuSjK53ky2kjTWtxUDAU1BGkkf61VFiM.4zsTHR0dPxElBSx4eeu_e4E9h.2NaBOaYuEYKtF.67rFCaeX.YeTMtreqSj_uzzNo42xzduQ71pzWoagbs9me1YQcHmXgK1sVVLWTRUCZpmiW49ginbxbfLj75jjtKg3naXNbeYqXEw4RtOjE1o2M24OKumTbMU0ex2Nod7W5OiRbKw4MAlE7bU2WeZYBIH9OJssQTIgec_U.PU6PFt20BWG0w.uP1_k_cFNwWtyhzh0etYo.KCz4XjQejGY5U9euIb1RHOc7b3btfV5n9jcdfVPFKZpEg966FxBUKeeE6DVlhaPiNDblKlU_RUyGBuoHIlCCVuW3QzeBdbqqTtFpx0Vi.HA97zZ1uvxXQbjJgsEZWqzkCfULWVi62C5Qmg4xmAw2ECzexOtufPvY_Q3eBZZLTcf4o8Z1WoWLw2ZBVLt.S1CIGffnOKfrvkSWNqEV_7f05nC8cIUjyHBQOs3FbKoofd_zRwuEZxJu_vmKxRK.TcijkJKzvjokfTDBsYbAZjrqIEo6egzhkcOexXbHfv5P7arK1t2fVX2louSBamYjRaHdhZjy8FIdzwIca9HFzHyBY5Q3KzHYkhR4DH18ViQUoBI2_CBVyvwRhQhRktcdJHDPiMAGVMaRAnObi.PsHCNEwK7ufxgiOIiIzRjINzSRKajHsnruvCh2U54fQny6D5A.OgH58Z_x.rLY_284e3SmNKEHYPyR0A3xj3NLh390Dy7TDUGH635hbHrBvf6Zpde6xp1uhZi7OO2FDZ6wgKxowSd0zb8SAuC04J9mYDPW.WSVlk7pJUXAF1KR9UtoE3xpcxuF7_CmbzETrB7F9bJ.z5ocgy.A_73GZFwVqtUCmwOyaRIdqiS221z7MnVNQXn6T2QePmhk_1WZlngCNLm8AEgi2hawVLWSqsSA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913636fc0a46fcf6';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Mathare%20Nairobi&__cf_chl_rt_tk=nJCtSYCQQB9DyyRo3_bjH775HBG4TCZ1NmLCFQRcUtg-1739799894-1.0.1.1-.5FSyq8hCXlSmMXUP8pEqFrEODAIJyH.Jv.lxlUEj0A" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>