CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "dl.acm.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e7414606e6aa053',cH: 'CZ6tmcBMKInZWs7hfjF0Nie12j84gEd7.cf2Kk.TkM0-1732395530-1.2.1.1-.4K6.xn9dnwIjP7wFFtuxFZujQFQmtg0NBBUYQSvoaFkw67D0HacH4fZpp2q.5Ht',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3173574.3174068?__cf_chl_tk=RXPQx2eEu9ml5foiL2M2qNclZwlkvEdmz4uoWO89LLA-1732395530-1.0.1.1-Aeuo4kYscgic52MUnF36o0TDwz2WocLs1mWiZVudaKQ",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732395530',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3173574.3174068?__cf_chl_f_tk=RXPQx2eEu9ml5foiL2M2qNclZwlkvEdmz4uoWO89LLA-1732395530-1.0.1.1-Aeuo4kYscgic52MUnF36o0TDwz2WocLs1mWiZVudaKQ",md: "2GxPuKH5gdUdUp1bZ_3GuYIHYAKoF63pb4ohq_vGMFc-1732395530-1.2.1.1-icPZXmi7KDIQGREBx9JAzjMUQGYo0cM1tXO_ZFaD77rKRIS9MPOVS6zRaxj2bD8HacltOqSnmSmhzgL0KkiN179j.rSRyKjDS4yYipCFgOs1bSlCh.oK53hVg7CDfuxDI_inlaZQrOayl9sJczvrAKLKYZWJLXCoVfpW1v_QcM7X7ut1wFtyk3_lKsjMcB26jl8lymMCVuO5CH3KGjctBQ.LfSz3xPxQJxR.mU0fYar2LS.0dZoilBNUbyXPSroeJ5y5U2SjtSAcnKrfduJF1P0HgO9IldqAIT8IDWw9hJTu7C7KyD1X7lJ8woaG86Y.T1yc4_dTpcSOPXRMAWtoq08SHKk2VuAd6HEbuDDnbhvQxb.Nx_dGWkzurSOztIvWl.v0GoRqbkC4aC09sCB4GbIJT919sDq1X6Ihorv28yWh5AVjxYi7Z_XyztPJJal_fTKTRDmWAL4cgO6PcU7skcbyumGxynt2ADP1sGZpcjT2L5RdoCgisd1UrrBJG._otAa0WVfoRNOel5D7exoWbiqdbrzSsAO.DDycGl7zVxHSCCwpzTKS7Pa6XO66XRGA6kQKKSgZgyguz9rs.E1LPwqF0J6ACapewvEwvkU_vMx67qjVo1UA2SK34pKnmWjwgRpnEjlnohLD_N0ihS4.rsQ7PEJg2kfew3_zc_Y4Yuk5ULGhPeF7RfuyFd4zLHDx8H4BHYrTp5WARiCBKuci3qU9A1AjQEcW8Dnt80AQ6o_cllJ_Mq__Fvfwc2D2eIXYVWMBez3TdStuajcBSMy9MEMPhkjq8IqxodjW._SYwzx32RqKj4j2KtA4mgOtMflpAwNBESIeWaXMSwMr2bjKEUn0VIqORa8qWcnCwG_cjTFObV8z_1WInOelVSRPsHtoA7.tjN2.4LhTD9_71EHfo2sFPypZ5sQXruG3hRpLTkrapzxPBa0CkPd5VuHfAFOZAIYGfYIXGjPv.Fb_4hBhQF.1p1eMt5VbLgIlAlaewNPJ5LOhG.26jLAW3h4ramoj.ow2mOIP1fCD06xouuB2nL_PAPnk48LQGX6AJG7f3WVHh.J7uKdkquhaG6aGTe_U1vXJgmbG8J7nGIboyvvqC4kbpSDl9zH4D053MTtgMSHGcoRctkBUp8BKvoIPPOpZSYh3N_HSi9Bu5cG3Yl8jjHWKAPAx7CYhRrYTVWBL6zlvN1Q1DBwcR4xrtDqNu96StJEYsI_5O.5tfqgCDmmnV2yJ1vSzrmSrziPMAeqjO4M0N.ZUAPuOsc6oyWmZnsY6YihnWx_HjVSEkt49NmS1F2FTL4hWjYFrYgNCG5BwGy4z1dlQtDH9Xaw3tvEyaANWipGMexfSVKJlUgVO_kypaQOvtSnm2ZpgoRuoBB4ZJUrj7Figz1nYqzhbQ4lXTfGmtSBmuk6qfuS00M3fCGf3Aqads0.PPo.KTYLmOhAnQK0hUPCKSA_6ukPD6qLd2wvzLaCb2wf1GRh7.v03RnsiBL3.kZdnRSC_zkrGf0kfD7qtDk1y0rwYIOnKKAovcLMZSm3r4bzuJQj9.yZ3ZboUIA4xqPQKP3.fhUqhnhj3A8JVWl1x2aROisNrAi_Hna_FGBoOlgnmrrBcDLBJDTC3opzZ1UsuNTcEO00NwteJKRdpnRUExO2XTZoZHIbH1BjdC_mFlhKlLZ0HR_Y4FT1ZQMlzeBMLkRczOHsM5KbsJcYp7EkjxgBYtzk4TF02wavz409BdsBUK8DbBW5g37GuDsDYUqYG5yYgzaSKWBbIfGEfo1XgdBpXD4St6W9iFqXzeK5CQwsH68D.nugREC3lVcn4VhK9ZilhpFky5x1HrFX5zeAveRK7UD2JdN9USythnbtFedpt.Ztgj.wWRqV4kdnhXR66Sq7HHRDiyFLt.ZfFxRk6HQOpF8v1yr3VjVqc4fF79I8n2x0bOinPaVCUk4jeziEIVcGej2KY4wXyMIF1bcMQyLZrw4S_grzyPAfzumxQBehGk_RlQUclNxVtlHlLbk1HYOB4gO2RHQCiYyVHXMUzYuGHEDb8OAb3aMAnqqlU0uiBEwhQCuGsYnC54XDflqHhhrOgZBzN4DisdDx3ZD.9xDqDjQ8d9NeeB4ErORIchmRuvBLIekP0zcgihY5YcKwaVv6mkFHgc3T.9UE2225cUKWIP95faFAUjXvkjkZhI0LLgF9fNvmR51M1sRky3.pZuQNHV2uW3K0KRwpToW4cGDSusRlMp7HHlbZ72cpFoA1DvCCgE8J2.TQBeEK10EGopQWcf1sx9vKnOXu.IeJz0.fhQyvWJYqz_8RQORy1cgf_jtW14dlKiKWDJglhiRPyq5ZeI9L8BE405nyS6pbtbgNcAYs_vxYlu_ImbdoH36tadBVCgYaa.uxOta_GNsAPQ6TBeEO63oxUO6ULOQsv3mIIZgnDS06z4KOISvSirNNU7PPjDN5FNWIbQ5DcZbzBUZYKTRGv7GsQEJRMT6oHnku_r3oGKBIBDJ13ucxLxFb..1lF16AHACbjxryHYEk7dKGQuvHLtD5TnjuDZh8m0s9GenLChYjOLsI9awZErddZfBZWGVIbcb3.jHiIqdT5acjlsPv7sZ4z5bFNKqzIwwO2BDsOVkkxzccv99iTpxq._O16asyzf6jCL_dDBMVqklGxbyNJoWgkeAOfpH.HDbGzTPu4qa7aogCSri1XNLih2T0ryazAjH6ofBlrx06OOAOZ06bN2_SSefaN5rnj_gv_ik_QKRT2cuTdJuYox2ovgwTqpSnBJFp_tAuvDKmxmAt7flo1BAVnnaOq7AgwCI0fNVCcUKwzEYiJV21g.g3PMFdP2ALj0WE6NBSu.4IHHdwaMCD9bVh3tWgcki3FSBkPSHeTcWllVjqy3IsR8RmRXRlfXWHd._WQGbiqKt7dnYoKljqhGKX2qtbUVKra4LfjSYMJ3MK3hAeb5SJBbUZzAofUM5FP3gpU0Z9nnRP4hNnHuGN_GtiryOtyBd1gEKL0Edh2ZwV4lMu1",mdrd: "AXM5ObxbH_u_H3hAut2y.U5dKuQDOORFeEtUh4VVY2U-1732395530-1.2.1.1-XWz2WE.xvYYlpvoX84NUJZURi3AJ6wTOUD_G4NB8PTRUICCrLXxuu3Dh7bzyccOGCe.N1N1FdYZwDfvXzT4NVM6UhF6FLlEhQn444KlDl9Cq.pTnskP7tgE19dxCa8AnZMmLC5EfvHRfu5SokzjsU0tbmM.evGDs9l8cZcxKW6BgcKp6hzrqaUtv6elcyH4mNEztPb5uliKIPicir0DnUnh3dcmYnRiCNjGqJD9RIDXk6rqt1j7jUDvqqwSfTL4NESP5jIOA9RntGUeK39q4Dq09BVt1.aTESoWRHKJhtoMEViRx_XBwIqnZZp_e2LJK1.g25t3PbULz90TirrdXfJrg0SOly9ew32Er9Dqtk0AUAvLrYqhmD3q..Fb0tp4umfQ95er_I1Vk7x_4etjg.gRfMW4CyfX_VadI7rsh_nMTlBk9lfSofENbVEERDpBCcvQ1gRaz2hbXQsRNJxbsmtX4kvltFC1VyI1hj96PL53zeciAwBXqc38vujwmUmByHNeCCjkJsPNm31d.FShvBP9qwNvYIUHW6isTZInIxmbmM0e2r2gHQHozxA32xUgVgfzLBnSZzZxF4JbOQEz0cRKw6HdZRiNJUXqkMp3O086jZgeJWPXvMFktq_RnENiD7OpfiZ1.38X.3Qymjz6Zr0MZMhHuQYAIx8xxqXMuZi9cjRubMgeqGdBEV3bisWTRev2PbAqf7FDCVTMfZC.vtyoo8T1ilqrPQF3gL0.imrDXDggyQeUIGEh56E8lJMtVkoXRYN16CRPwB2stfnmVwfeiQfAFEQBghh6kyphUHLMGpvyEZOrr1_LYvCmRJCDvtCWAwJfbYn12osi3x.Byyr7hN62nQ4jiSLkmf.raspfRli2vxwW2nDzyk9c4V2JuqSUBzHYfJ_rxGpKWf2P3ogYKskf4y6xamq6hxfhmxskkEydaJIHGAQiGzth1uQi9sixky2jU1pWPPq5RjqN3iGW7ow1MAwQxUovDW6FPLl6.0An5JDo3.XVhdZCiFSf9jTxY1d9oMr8zXX5cH2BuT8xx2CwcESchYHXyIOHFKSHlS.xOXZgNJyWNOc6.ukV_Tt0Nzi.LZxUU5eeZTrVJLbHn0xnuHWxl8xngk2NMlo.xREflZ6eJQxnY69kEzgZODa6yJjNTAvMG4fFCv38bhB_.VXn3kLbQ.fv5Q_UyreHOMjZaMljSiih1.sPOiPQ_CdVKvS7GKA9l6YrScokCCk1QH1pgXpmcPdEBMAqWDKA5OrhVv826NSqIXZ8P1R_EcDZVy5jLD0NrtkBc43JK0n1Iznb3ljMaYhcuJB47cJfjRy7P8aR9t3nbLe_qNC3BkD4tVox.JzAV8aknyz4D_6p1xW89o5XEEvVEaCRKN5W3lfJ.oki3Lg_ZJQi8WezpbBJlQ_F1SqLuzt.usaVoG43HCbT7VPftuNZw6AVPOHvmcAtSyAwleoyic9oEWLp01qYUiwWmrFGNhNTrPhmLzpFVfedeowmCxM3an6UUTF07MZuqin0UHjXaa0QgPYC2eJpCQmhIo64KubqLdf64yajLWPXnz6M8z8Skig2.vRz9p.KpLdEK.t.OoP9ipKJ_lX.PZZs1dczhOszxgmkipvDimVHxAkWnpD_gzU2Y5wNMsBuRb1j2pLbgFUS4yucIfK6IMHW15GemU4UHNA4N2TG0akiT77ebquZYqBRFy6etsujFkFBHh1jUQ4mhgHcYRg_c9JwylOGxxJxDS6VZSNJqfvX0ZoqkMc5_1QCxIsv1YVzcoiyuAV1KsVGr9wc74SEPmNhpjEdlNxhgIN.CXKftMjvTGkv75OSAG5zifj.oxj0jY_iTQCrEgBMKllNe_2HrQOg20tBD2yn98q8r22w2royBKZ6pJdx9TWhiYwZsG1mt9UMBXPIvKwRHrc0qKjRRezpRWaJywIRAROptLX1QeR.8gR_eZeNZQyReTJs"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e7414606e6aa053';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3173574.3174068?__cf_chl_rt_tk=RXPQx2eEu9ml5foiL2M2qNclZwlkvEdmz4uoWO89LLA-1732395530-1.0.1.1-Aeuo4kYscgic52MUnF36o0TDwz2WocLs1mWiZVudaKQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>