CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913403a92939c6e5',cH: '2If.DQhfxqICN0JL9iv3WL_vl_AQxD5B9kNgu7Lfabg-1739776820-1.2.1.1-Vu6Fd7z4tOfqZnXkWDy4RQgbUkD.ui_FKxYnzO2CybsSFLU9ZEsqBSDqJ5EO29.Y',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Lindani%20Ncube&__cf_chl_tk=7EqqZCiuaHfJeOrTRNRf6228NnzuqE.lo1GJO8zjaAA-1739776820-1.0.1.1-4xP6jqde69OwiM8ILzu9DmMpUZa3kcOF57DtgPdVaQw",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739776820',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Lindani%20Ncube&__cf_chl_f_tk=7EqqZCiuaHfJeOrTRNRf6228NnzuqE.lo1GJO8zjaAA-1739776820-1.0.1.1-4xP6jqde69OwiM8ILzu9DmMpUZa3kcOF57DtgPdVaQw",md: "GWFODxrJ3._2HCXhlQeBzmQkcex5Ke5M0YCoLlk.Eqw-1739776820-1.2.1.1-PixHn7y01FJBx9WjkGuc0QMn5klaLpy_yHi7TIHpFk2uFDIAJnzZoSyBivRaI541QLnMvaG6ExX5z4GVqEcFVd.GY7y.LMzVOg.qe1Z3aCyMjeE_TGmFJQLL5.2AcQ0uuMPNFJfHnypWyXX_yZcIZfDedBEP48nIbySP_rQzvut6dTxabR6Ay6dJoAD2aFbU_iwJlajfG7TQb1Zu2nsZMtzNnQt1m_LnP1azf4YzzcM5izKDkxwWk.Q9bSveB9cDadXj_5VOj3S511_2n9c31dTQQzpbPG2CecOVg9k8se3_KL1jlfxoehs7LTNHMNF7yhFYKCP_QrNpigh4.gsjEXKDhs5J.5aAzS74NaLStBnNOtG9KZNmK45R7S26LM7hZM3SVEe108q380NsH1VQI.0BFBXsX8nbLrrfu7LSPv32MZxRU.gVq9YJNfhhpaZqcr6AWskVB9O8i7ju7zwXAnIHQ_sBbvtUBz7DvOKxWkUq.B7WJ9fwIGZa5IpCT__SJEPx4g4aNKXxSPe_4qnF_FAd6rzzqJ8E_aDU.PY1bl.aW5oZ9G4oLEmj275Ogf0acJ_JFoxI15OSwPL4lX_UCmfY6YVeBPidETm8p.qiq2xelk.jqPZ1FgEEAfCVY7GzcZy3L0PYjWKw2DUMG2WkhHGNdXDqUM_UTrMnOmIUWLg7LuLGZUVipDCxmaw.ynzQ2VO_0CBp1m5lTE_6sD6OLi86gZMDR2RAKyZG0AmWOtoODETGsKF6sYXzoVTPVPqucj_DhwyvI42QJE5pQ582H6bLAjPqz_N8eVfR0CPDCp.ZWoNStUhvl3ow4zsfD_vuUi5urToJJuSWHvvWaBzskbmVwGry5olh3VU6Ic6c8USftH_tcr6v_in285LQon2BWMIlkJTSiJ8k6vgCgMRNXwedyMmjuG8lsibDm55kONkRfYCxSqc6tzWIvu1pbcfvaeozAQuSw0EX6my1dnoban4aFtc7MNfsHA2qOL3274RIniF2R0bIUYWByiKDKlRjVK2WGU8KnTwu_Kp_y2HkxJdXMrDbj5xuT38UMnHTegLKoZOoi_J4CnuczUnpvBLgmwU2Bihj_ImUWpxX0iLa1q4s_exXxtd8nXCkOWNb3tp6tDCvwelAHrpVxoTlK0kkyqbDmgHYPCtPgBqOEMdlRIom87lxmdgeUfOGGm6vHfDbXExdpir2LfEUc9Gtj8OTGBKrPTqnqN0Vt9VXgTG3MZRzL9tnGkHoJAZrUT3ylgFXtE090yxbyerccGoglNr8Mqz60iltLwtIVBaPf7st2dY8.jwQJSuqDpGcVg9IoxwBuik.NXpQmyyiICbcFYmJDKxkqnUDLOplOjzoErm4wZirju37qSLGn36jOweNMAr1AwQ0Fqm3Vp8N4540wlauD22d.dPiqm5Z4T2PD.Hyz86Nqx9WUeL3nP_rxam9fSWmtyee0TtMiTox84ZEHYaaMQSf0hCKKr4iRlyiphZTM.K9NS2AybYulz2pD3iOpwAarSZaaMjBo83R1GQtFhBc1_OR_t25tOLLydMMMF6Po1TNZ3DBvjbfjABnqFPVaVJlzxopCQS73saO8vWotYUBvX3SW3Rh1Vgc59LEA0Xw81M7cHeIIeIXNa5x3MbT69NFJrlVghsgg0TH7GpWILw16z0uGiu8gSVtTH_9yA06vBR9j2JXAark2xS6R_JRHIFJ1cL8DF2nYgfq5HozFwzKMrGfsyC329y89xJSzg0Ldm_qErTvWBYy5jqWmZ6ejNSCcw2r7KbO1RrxkYEAHCrp_62KwPG3eYtXA9kfmIIH_ePyvig65yuGqzJX3QBfoa0HJiSW15WU9Hytx9vCMiYgf659RP7Re2FszHE1yB1xXk7s_Z.vTDsjWUJmOYggQcAJ332grw2eknSZzw38mpgtyEno6OXCYJV_e5amkxHHg.N4pB3xtYgBiJI8IG9W1DA",mdrd: "1MDTFhFclsDpu8Vngx39OlxQ7KCtH.Z3VM6mLE0Ck54-1739776820-1.2.1.1-.U5f6DjeSbHNT9dguOrTI66GcpvW_C1KQ4nhtMfZmNQpGvAab.U_da2uptFafFKwPFRF9RqNOD190SHYOzAlUYtr0gXXFl41BYPOX_oxdVnW_cixJymPVQp5GIiEeYUSIFgqsIYpgpi.VYmWSy5YZJ1MKm5oF.CfBGEGIzV0_ORALkmpeWhqXdudSuEqXlbuouKlSKsHdUZ8z1hkvIVq_8uzrWNadAMZVxLjs_ICOvyFGQnx6901R1emLPsORKkbnv8SyKAoCf0IW83FY9LoyLbR5HW540eJ6lY_gwa0YJB4tpx_YZIWC2w7Vw99h4u_cIehtxwHA2iwY.yFTNKf3e5vaymWT.6mR8APKPE8IYXle6pGJ.Yxu92a00D517dbyRwiWyIbWL321tG77ZfZbWyelhQc8sHxAGfbwkeiOwE5xV3X9hxBQ_wbO15PkIvcIJnUgw5fUy_bx7rCxU.DOz9mu742o_GEYbE1umFx1nxm3EMdY0RqY7MAkZjtn6RVofRjHOQl8gmW7qbGgkyFm1fHJKZZ1QKgRGpvJ.zqMOdz4ndKbm0Y2ghEAzgKYMEaevMz_GTNgh18m4YG5sjKr0QtrhjtAoeg_s0mgcf99ne7dmSNH60u2PJDaJGAE8NLtKg83Aq8hLuw90JjgaLu6cdd_1EcMHOb6wOJ8rTIkH5tV7BIldAmn.EbC4AOCJa8evycUvCmy.UVWqlpM1MQ.Knw2EvjRiVlPPOs537yBvVTfdwcn4Oo9WZWdPgMEDUXUtH9DOceWfllgJ0Mge3n2YJSlmbyAivQ6r9hRY5MCnHkeUNVstsB8hHXW2S0gM5PCoaXsOBD.zEwZchxAcSrF4nvrCwXPp1nniz6MFxi4uCb68V3RHgCQd7mLww.GHCXiGr4AiNeNe.BpqJwgeuQt.B7lwRDculJ4EAPpcqcWmMBeTbtYhij.qdc2OOWcnXBfwZEv6NMRZSFrOJVDyQmTdiMEOPc.gckWQH73_La8LkqeCV0A6dGHh9QhQb5pyVgwt_jtfGPVgyRXGwCHFI7Mpetk7caeXJGbXxRscA3yv8Gci4Tcocgiqkg_bc5gkRo_.MU_3WjdcLz7VxJuuqLpTVh6XzayhulRfVhcP1GVGafzIceN1ULI6X5yvZyHcStn7CUe.Cq58SJgaRGR6aQp09RcJa4eY3V8H6M3bkZhqDmnyUyMb4vwgGTj5o0juQc_pg31_X_Nag4cIQGMFcSX8alm5KH_PgnXz._OgmO71jUQJ5lmRyLea7CGjNCgLORHojqz9UB8pvHPTOQo8gpn4WLKMpCG2nk2hIv8BsOOiR.63QMr2BZJtJ4BsTSv_rwwAQ316Ygrn9MBdAZ7J43DIIfLL8H_x7uWofKVnALrm7GjyRoqsGKt4mVNKrps5h4DEd8x1tqRc4_SkGu43zlIjORU8L25_jE2CqFoKYXMc5BlUgL2Led7kWPnkCqqzA5fYcDue9EploHYyGagTIZiLZbV21HC_nJxXxY8TMD2NnNnce8XU6qXMujZbgnZ0PbMI__Ug3YGYKNYGDveRQTOh6LB4VJmWaQROj1mil3KtXm6laDvKGOKw246H4SQAwCb6oiWQlrCHxzb2fWapJd5YgPPiAfsNlPb_2bcDri6VJljqs5RMQSX7oPEd5OIYRTEHUGFFnabf_XAsOUy87eGNXf0PxaSjiT60NozmyNHmT3QVy7Y4cSiIvlIaE0KIskd6C5G3ZpIQn_EoSW4yJ.8hBEGXRAWj.5fx4P7MWkegkQ8r2g1WILKOnoCMiCstVtQDpuaSq_xJlXHhRIVDDqG5F6zu3WA1x9P_HNEp0xmMtzTlkVOuM4X8P43JmBYus4brWqWUUycLDpS_z6gCwBWIMGiagFmSIO3nPDGY3biwsXl960V2WgbIPeGb5gpBwF6xe8tU4w0QVV07Aq464XEnZIm2WLLkbilLLQdTARS0pfeHx3e_N6ZrP8Kd_uZRRF8.3C5Qc3PNOD3j_rQm3hDA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913403a92939c6e5';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Lindani%20Ncube&__cf_chl_rt_tk=7EqqZCiuaHfJeOrTRNRf6228NnzuqE.lo1GJO8zjaAA-1739776820-1.0.1.1-4xP6jqde69OwiM8ILzu9DmMpUZa3kcOF57DtgPdVaQw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>