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神奇量子纳米设备 同时加热和制冷 - 2025深圳国际制冷、空调、暖通及食品冷冻产业展览会
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-webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN", sans-serif; font-size: 15.93px; line-height: 1.8;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; font-size: 18px;"><span class="bjh-p" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; box-sizing: border-box;">日本国家科研机构理化学研究所（RIKEN）造出了一种同时既发热又制冷的微观引擎。这是第一个体现量子效应的设备，可用于改善纳米技术。<br/><img src="http://file2.xishizhibang.com//ueditor_img/1610962538.png" title="/ueditor_img/1610962538.png" alt="冷1.18.1.png"/></span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.66rem; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN", sans-serif; font-size: 15.93px; line-height: 1.8;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; font-size: 18px;"><span class="bjh-p" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; box-sizing: border-box;">传统热机和制冷机通过对两缸液体周期循环实现不同的效应。压缩一缸液体导致液体升温；快速让另一缸液体膨胀则导致它冷却。通过周期性循环，两缸液体交换能量，实现热机或制冷机的效果。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.66rem; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN", sans-serif; font-size: 15.93px; line-height: 1.8;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; font-size: 18px;"><span class="bjh-p" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; box-sizing: border-box;">这项研究的负责人日本理化学研究所高级设备实验室的小野敬二（Keiji Ono，音译）说，在宏观层面造一个同时可以实现这两种循环的机器是不可能完成的任务，当然也没有用处。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.66rem; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN", sans-serif; font-size: 15.93px; line-height: 1.8;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; font-size: 18px;"><span class="bjh-p" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; box-sizing: border-box;">但是在微观世界，物理定律不一样。微观世界是量子学掌控的世界，和宏观世界有着很多不同之处。比如一个电子可以同时出现在两个位置，或同时具有两个能量态。物理学家在构建新的理论框架，进行相应的实验了解微观系统的运作情况。近年来科学家造出不少微观设备，比如基于单个原子的设备。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.66rem; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN", sans-serif; font-size: 15.93px; line-height: 1.8;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; font-size: 18px;"><span class="bjh-p" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; box-sizing: border-box;">这份新研究在晶体管内使用一个电子制造量子版本的热机。电子有两个能量态。研究组通过施加电场或微波的方式增加或减少两者间的能量差。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.66rem; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN", sans-serif; font-size: 15.93px; line-height: 1.8;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; font-size: 18px;"><span class="bjh-p" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; box-sizing: border-box;">小野敬二说：“这就像密闭式内液体周期循环的膨胀和压缩一样。”当电子从高能态转换到低能态的过程还会释放微波。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.66rem; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN", sans-serif; font-size: 15.93px; line-height: 1.8;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; font-size: 18px;"><span class="bjh-p" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; box-sizing: border-box;">通过监控电子处于哪个能量态，研究组先展示这种纳米设备分别作为热机和制冷机的效果。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.66rem; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN", sans-serif; font-size: 15.93px; line-height: 1.8;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; font-size: 18px;"><span class="bjh-p" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; box-sizing: border-box;">接着，研究组展示了更奇特的现象：这个纳米设备可以同时既制热又制冷——正是量子效应的体现。研究人员通过探察电子处于不同能量态的特征效应图，证实了这种现象的存在。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.66rem; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN", sans-serif; font-size: 15.93px; line-height: 1.8;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; font-size: 18px;"><span class="bjh-p" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-appearance: none; list-style: none; border: none; box-sizing: border-box;">小野敬二说：“实验展示的特征效应图和理论预计的几乎完全一样。这意味着两种模式操作之间可以快速切换，这在未来将具有创新的应用。”</span></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(38, 38, 38); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">这份研究近期发表在《物理评论快报》（Physical Review Letters）上。</span></p> <div class="previous_next"> <!-- --> <!-- --> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <!-- JiaThis Button BEGIN --> <div id="ckepop" class="share_area"> <span class="jiathis_txt">分享到：</span> <a class="jiathis_button_qzone">QQ空间</a> <a class="jiathis_button_tsina">新浪微博</a> <a class="jiathis_button_tqq">腾讯微博</a> <a class="jiathis_button_renren">人人网</a> <a class="jiathis_button_kaixin001">开心网</a> <a href="http://www.jiathis.com/share" 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