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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Elementos_da_fortaleza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elementos_da_fortaleza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Elementos da fortaleza</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elementos_da_fortaleza-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Elementos da fortaleza</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elementos_da_fortaleza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Obras_exteriores" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obras_exteriores"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Obras exteriores</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obras_exteriores-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dispositivos_de_defesa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dispositivos_de_defesa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Dispositivos de defesa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dispositivos_de_defesa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_também" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_também"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ver também</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_também-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fortaleza (arquitetura militar)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 50 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qala" title="Qala — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qala" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Крэпасць — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крэпасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Фартэцыя — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фартэцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Крепост — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Крепост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kre%C3%B1vlec%27h" title="Kreñvlec'h — bretão" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kreñvlec'h" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvr%C4%91ava" title="Tvrđava — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tvrđava" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortalesa" title="Fortalesa — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fortalesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%80%D1%83%D0%BE" title="ЧӀагӀуо — checheno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ЧӀагӀуо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="checheno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pevnost_(stavba)" title="Pevnost (stavba) — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pevnost (stavba)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Карман — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Карман" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A6stningsv%C3%A6rk" title="Fæstningsværk — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fæstningsværk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festung" title="Festung — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Festung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortress" title="Fortress — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fortress" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortaleza_(arquitectura)" title="Fortaleza (arquitectura) — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fortaleza (arquitectura)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindlus" title="Kindlus — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kindlus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forteresse" title="Forteresse — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Forteresse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortaleza_(arquitectura_militar)" title="Fortaleza (arquitectura militar) — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fortaleza (arquitectura militar)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Er%C5%91drendszer" title="Erődrendszer — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Erődrendszer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Ամրոց — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամրոց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortalessa" title="Fortalessa — interlíngua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Fortalessa" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlíngua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%8C%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Кхаьлл — inguche" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Кхаьлл" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortezza" title="Fortezza — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fortezza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%81%E5%A1%9E" title="要塞 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="要塞" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Қамал — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қамал" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%EC%83%88" title="요새 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요새" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castrum" title="Castrum — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Castrum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvirtov%C4%97" title="Tvirtovė — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tvirtovė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cietoksnis" title="Cietoksnis — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cietoksnis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Карман — Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Карман" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Тврдина — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тврдина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesten" title="Vesten — baixo-saxão" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Vesten" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baixo-saxão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesting_(verdedigingswerk)" title="Vesting (verdedigingswerk) — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vesting (verdedigingswerk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festning" title="Festning — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Festning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festning" title="Festning — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Festning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortalesa" title="Fortalesa — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fortalesa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Фидар — ossético" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Фидар" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossético" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twierdza" title="Twierdza — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Twierdza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%C3%ABssa" title="Fortëssa — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fortëssa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetate" title="Cetate — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cetate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Крепость — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крепость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furtizza_(furtificazzioni)" title="Furtizza (furtificazzioni) — siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Furtizza (furtificazzioni)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortress" title="Fortress — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fortress" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pevnos%C5%A5_(stavba)" title="Pevnosť (stavba) — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pevnosť (stavba)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trdnjava" title="Trdnjava — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Trdnjava" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A4stning" title="Fästning — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fästning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boma" title="Boma — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" 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.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-content{border:1px solid #c0c090}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-style{border:2px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-move{border:2px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Sem_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Este artigo ou secção contém <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes#Referências_no_fim" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">uma lista de referências no fim do texto</a>, mas as suas fontes não são claras porque <b>não são <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes#Referências_no_texto" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">citadas no corpo do artigo</a></b>, o que <b>compromete a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">confiabilidade</a></b> das informações.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fortaleza_(arquitetura_militar)&action=edit">melhorar</a></span> este artigo <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserindo citações no corpo do artigo</a>.</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Junho de 2010</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Crac_des_chevaliers_syria.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Crac_des_chevaliers_syria.jpeg/330px-Crac_des_chevaliers_syria.jpeg" decoding="async" width="330" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Crac_des_chevaliers_syria.jpeg/495px-Crac_des_chevaliers_syria.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Crac_des_chevaliers_syria.jpeg/660px-Crac_des_chevaliers_syria.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4015" data-file-height="1566" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fortaleza_dos_Cavaleiros" title="Fortaleza dos Cavaleiros">Fortaleza dos Cavaleiros</a>, na Síria</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Table_of_Fortification,_Cyclopaedia,_Volume_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Table_of_Fortification%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_1.jpg/330px-Table_of_Fortification%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="449" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Table_of_Fortification%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_1.jpg/495px-Table_of_Fortification%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Table_of_Fortification%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_1.jpg/660px-Table_of_Fortification%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2065" data-file-height="2811" /></a><figcaption>Plano duma fortaleza, obras exteriores e outros dispositivos de defesa e aproximação</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Table_of_Fortification,_Cyclopaedia,_Volume_1-2009-04-05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Table_of_Fortification%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_1-2009-04-05.jpg/330px-Table_of_Fortification%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_1-2009-04-05.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Table_of_Fortification%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_1-2009-04-05.jpg/495px-Table_of_Fortification%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_1-2009-04-05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Table_of_Fortification%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_1-2009-04-05.jpg/660px-Table_of_Fortification%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_1-2009-04-05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1463" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Detalhes da fortaleza e das obras exteriores</figcaption></figure> <p>Uma <b>fortaleza</b> (forte ou fortificação) (do <a href="/wiki/Latim" title="Latim">latim</a> <i>fortis</i> = forte ou <i>facere</i> = fazer) é uma <a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_militar" class="mw-redirect" title="Arquitectura militar">estrutura arquitetônica militar</a> projetada para a <a href="/wiki/Guerra" title="Guerra">guerra</a> defensiva. A <a href="/wiki/Humanidade" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanidade">humanidade</a> vem erguendo este tipo de estruturas há milhares de anos, com uma variedade de desígnios crescentemente complexos. </p><p>Em termos técnicos, uma fortaleza é composta por duas ou mais <a href="/wiki/Bateria_(arquitetura)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bateria (arquitetura)">baterias</a> de <a href="/wiki/Artilharia" title="Artilharia">artilharia</a>, distribuídas em obras independentes, e com largo intervalo entre si. Por outro lado, um forte é composto de uma ou mais baterias na mesma obra. Algumas instalações <a href="/wiki/Militar" title="Militar">militares</a> são conhecidas como fortes, embora nem sempre sejam fortalecidos. A palavra fortificação também pode se referir à prática de melhorar a defesa de uma área com trabalhos de defensiva. </p><p>As estruturas de fortificação normalmente são divididas em duas categorias: </p> <ul><li><b>Fortificações permanentes</b> - erguidas com todos os recursos que um Estado pode prover em termos de habilidade construtiva e mecânica, empregando materiais duradouros.</li> <li><b>Fortificações de campanha</b> (ou de campo) - erguidas no contexto de um combate ou de uma guerra, por tropas no campo, com o emprego de materiais locais que não exijam muita preparação, como <a href="/wiki/Terra" title="Terra">terra</a> apilhada, <a href="/wiki/Madeira_(material)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madeira (material)">madeira</a> de mato (faxina) etc.</li></ul> <p>Na segunda categoria ainda podem ser consideradas as fortificações semipermanentes, aquelas que, no curso de uma campanha, se tornam necessárias para proteger alguma localidade propiciando uma defesa permanente e que podem ser erguidas com o trabalho de civis e em pouco tempo. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elementos_da_fortaleza">Elementos da fortaleza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortaleza_(arquitetura_militar)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Elementos da fortaleza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortaleza_(arquitetura_militar)&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Elementos da fortaleza"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adarve" title="Adarve">Adarve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baluarte" title="Baluarte">Bastião ou baluarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caminho_coberto" title="Caminho coberto">Caminho coberto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisterna" title="Cisterna">Cisterna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortina_(arquitetura_militar)" title="Cortina (arquitetura militar)">Cortina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port%C3%A3o_de_armas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portão de armas (página não existe)">Portão de armas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poterna" title="Poterna">Poterna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_de_armas" title="Praça de armas">Praça de armas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparo_(arquitetura)" title="Reparo (arquitetura)">Reparo</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obras_exteriores">Obras exteriores</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortaleza_(arquitetura_militar)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Obras exteriores" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortaleza_(arquitetura_militar)&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Obras exteriores"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chap%C3%A9u_de_bispo" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapéu de bispo">Chapéu de bispo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contraguarda" title="Contraguarda">Contraguarda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contra_Escarpa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contra Escarpa (página não existe)">Contra Escarpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escarpa" title="Escarpa">Escarpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosso" title="Fosso">Fosso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glacis_ou_Declive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glacis ou Declive (página não existe)">Glacis ou Declive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornaveque" title="Hornaveque">Hornaveque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meia-lua_(arquitetura)" title="Meia-lua (arquitetura)">Meia-lua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coroada" title="Coroada">Obra coroada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte" title="Ponte">Ponte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelim" title="Revelim">Revelim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenalha" title="Tenalha">Tenalha</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dispositivos_de_defesa">Dispositivos de defesa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortaleza_(arquitetura_militar)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Dispositivos de defesa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortaleza_(arquitetura_militar)&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Dispositivos de defesa"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavalo_de_frisa" title="Cavalo de frisa">Cavalo de frisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabi%C3%A3o" title="Gabião">Gabião</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pali%C3%A7ada" title="Paliçada">Paliçada</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortaleza_(arquitetura_militar)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortaleza_(arquitetura_militar)&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arquitetura_militar_medieval" title="Arquitetura militar medieval">Arquitetura militar medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_fortifica%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_Portugal" title="Lista de fortificações de Portugal">Lista de fortificações de Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_fortifica%C3%A7%C3%B5es_do_Brasil" title="Lista de fortificações do Brasil">Lista de fortificações do Brasil</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortaleza_(arquitetura_militar)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortaleza_(arquitetura_militar)&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Bibliografia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r60995074">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin reflist" style=""> <ul><li>NUNES, António Lopes Pires. <i>Dicionário de Arquitetura Militar</i>. Casal de Cambra: Caleidoscópio, 2005. 264p. il. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9728801947" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 972-8801-94-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Le_Prestre_de_Vauban" title="Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban">VAUBAN, Sebastién Le Preste</a>. <i>A Manual of Siegecraft and Fortification.</i> Michigan: Ann Arbor, 1968.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortaleza_(arquitetura_militar)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortaleza_(arquitetura_militar)&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 0px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/44px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Commons</a> possui uma <i>categoria</i> com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fortification?uselang=pt">Fortaleza (arquitetura militar)</a></span></b></div> </div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 250px; padding: 5px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikcionário"><img alt="Wikcionário" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span><figcaption>Wikcionário</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="/wiki/Wikcion%C3%A1rio" title="Wikcionário">Wikcionário</a> tem o verbete <i><b><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/Fortaleza" class="extiw" title="wikt:Fortaleza">Fortaleza</a></b></i>.</div></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.pt/14547">«<i>O Engenheiro Português</i> na BN Digital»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AFortaleza+%28arquitetura+militar%29&rft.btitle=O+Engenheiro+Portugu%C3%AAs+na+BN+Digital&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.pt%2F14547&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Elementos_de_arquitetura_militar" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Elementos_de_arquitetura_militar" title="Predefinição:Elementos de arquitetura militar"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Elementos_de_arquitetura_militar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Elementos de arquitetura militar (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Elementos_de_arquitetura_militar&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Elementos_de_arquitetura_militar" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Elementos de <a href="/wiki/Arquitetura_militar_medieval" title="Arquitetura militar medieval">arquitetura militar</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primitivos</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abatis" title="Abatis">Abatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atalaia_(arquitetura)" title="Atalaia (arquitetura)">Atalaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castro" title="Castro">Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castro_(Roma_Antiga)" title="Castro (Roma Antiga)">Castro romano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelo_(Roma_Antiga)" title="Castelo (Roma Antiga)">Castelo romano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cova_de_lobo" title="Cova de lobo">Cova de lobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crann%C3%B3g" title="Crannóg">Crannóg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrepe" title="Estrepe">Estrepe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fortaleza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forte_de_carros" title="Forte de carros">Forte de carros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forte_circular" title="Forte circular">Forte circular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muralha" title="Muralha">Muralha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pali%C3%A7ada" title="Paliçada">Paliçada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pret%C3%B3rio" title="Pretório">Pretório</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudis" title="Sudis">Sudis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valo" title="Valo">Valo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medievais</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adarve" title="Adarve">Adarve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1%C3%A7ova" title="Alcáçova">Alcáçova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameia" title="Ameia">Ameia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbac%C3%A3" title="Barbacã">Barbacã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balestreiro" title="Balestreiro">Balestreiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadafalso_(arquitetura)" title="Cadafalso (arquitetura)">Cadafalso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa-torre" title="Casa-torre">Casa-torre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelo" title="Castelo">Castelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalo_de_frisa" title="Cavalo de frisa">Cavalo de frisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cidadela" title="Cidadela">Cidadela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coura%C3%A7a_(arquitetura)" title="Couraça (arquitetura)">Couraça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubelo" title="Cubelo">Cubelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosso" title="Fosso">Fosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabi%C3%A3o" title="Gabião">Gabião</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastrilho_(arquitetura)" title="Rastrilho (arquitetura)">Rastrilho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calabou%C3%A7o" title="Calabouço">Calabouço</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata-c%C3%A3es" title="Mata-cães">Mata-cães</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contramobilidade" title="Contramobilidade">Contramobilidade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pano_de_muralha" title="Pano de muralha">Pano de muralha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_levadi%C3%A7a" title="Ponte levadiça">Ponte levadiça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portas_da_cidade" title="Portas da cidade">Portas da cidade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poterna" title="Poterna">Poterna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_de_armas" title="Praça de armas">Praça de armas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seteira" title="Seteira">Seteira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_albarr%C3%A3" title="Torre albarrã">Torre albarrã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_da_cerca" title="Torre da cerca">Torre da cerca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_de_haver" title="Torre de haver">Torre de haver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_de_menagem" title="Torre de menagem">Torre de menagem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torreta" title="Torreta">Torreta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Renascentistas</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baluarte" title="Baluarte">Baluarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeta" title="Barbeta">Barbeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataria_(arquitetura)" title="Bataria (arquitetura)">Bataria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capoeira_(arquitetura)" title="Capoeira (arquitetura)">Capoeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canhoneira_(arquitetura)" title="Canhoneira (arquitetura)">Canhoneira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamata" title="Casamata">Casamata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavaleiro_(arquitetura)" title="Cavaleiro (arquitetura)">Cavaleiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caminho_coberto" title="Caminho coberto">Caminho coberto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contraguarda" title="Contraguarda">Contraguarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coroada" title="Coroada">Coroada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortina_(arquitetura_militar)" title="Cortina (arquitetura militar)">Cortina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estaca_punji" title="Estaca punji">Estaca punji</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fortaleza</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Forte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_abaluartada" title="Fortificação abaluartada">Fortificação abaluartada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarita" title="Guarita">Guarita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornaveque" title="Hornaveque">Hornaveque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meia-lua_(arquitetura)" title="Meia-lua (arquitetura)">Meia-lua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merl%C3%A3o" title="Merlão">Merlão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obra_exterior" title="Obra exterior">Obra exterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paiol" title="Paiol">Paiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redente" title="Redente">Redente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduto_(arquitetura)" title="Reduto (arquitetura)">Reduto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparo_(arquitetura)" title="Reparo (arquitetura)">Reparo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelim" title="Revelim">Revelim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saco_de_areia" title="Saco de areia">Saco de areia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenalha" title="Tenalha">Tenalha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troneira" title="Troneira">Troneira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modernos</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arame_de_concertina" title="Arame de concertina">Arame de concertina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arame_farpado" title="Arame farpado">Arame farpado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arame_laminado" title="Arame laminado">Arame laminado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artilharia_de_costa" title="Artilharia de costa">Artilharia de costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrac%C3%A3o_Quonset" title="Barracão Quonset">Barracão Quonset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrac%C3%A3o_Nissen" title="Barracão Nissen">Barracão Nissen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barricada" title="Barricada">Barricada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barreira_hesco" title="Barreira hesco">Barreira hesco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blocausse" title="Blocausse">Blocausse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamata" title="Casamata">Casamata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centro_de_resist%C3%AAncia" title="Centro de resistência">Centro de resistência</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerca_eletrificada" title="Cerca eletrificada">Cerca eletrificada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dente_de_drag%C3%A3o" title="Dente de dragão">Dente de dragão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espald%C3%A3o" title="Espaldão">Espaldão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linha_principal_de_resist%C3%AAncia" title="Linha principal de resistência">Linha principal de resistência</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mina_terrestre" title="Mina terrestre">Mina terrestre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouri%C3%A7o_checo" title="Ouriço checo">Ouriço checo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponto_de_apoio" title="Ponto de apoio">Ponto de apoio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trincheira" title="Trincheira">Trincheira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_de_artilharia" title="Torre de artilharia">Torre de artilharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_Flak" title="Torre Flak">Torre Flak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fortaleza_(arquitetura_militar)&oldid=68269253">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fortaleza_(arquitetura_militar)&oldid=68269253</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" 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