CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '915105344b3e8998',cH: '3WZPMsrwzkzXH3azbXoxs1HpI9bqb8VMRuqlwZWFWCU-1740080970-1.2.1.1-zGuQiJ49qvWedBzM2sIVRHsYdiAss.pLRmj8Ta0JbCwa6M.oKfJv1cRiR_vwTJau',cUPMDTk: "\/12131\/endnote?__cf_chl_tk=0MBrlcNpISpjUzfoPzNvz1s0OsFa1VDztE2dyRd3p1Q-1740080970-1.0.1.1-MHTFPYbedLI3F5J5M62S1egkFCfbfek2lZVSSYMkL1Y",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740080970',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/12131\/endnote?__cf_chl_f_tk=0MBrlcNpISpjUzfoPzNvz1s0OsFa1VDztE2dyRd3p1Q-1740080970-1.0.1.1-MHTFPYbedLI3F5J5M62S1egkFCfbfek2lZVSSYMkL1Y",md: "qqv_Jm9lg5jr2dDFMgs6myMYZQHQ1LS0CP9M_r0qrcY-1740080970-1.2.1.1-OiRiwJh1IyzGZ80.TCgir.C3orx8v1ZDqzVy6u5wlzxIydFXwtKjdeG.YLad8ZGSrrUrnOSxRJT02iPzjLQZu2nITeZ2X0J.tpyelbRJ31Q8LtmdTgjv_M4vxmFWFK_e_H_UIAGXVCHZZvP1UfzBgmdMpmaXltBkGrnOlqJPWqqA095IfpY0xmjX9utPCicnY36.6NERA2hs5Ji_WTEJu5InZbX3lzcvt8hm.fOjPdBP3updvMEnFX1_bwd.bGdkKwzr7mOtWiaxEEPIM9JQmyR67y49PGa8t8_drqRzPuuy2UAjrd3EHJACO3nxFPG5UGsRRAhoOBrteM9BiQyQEAMvDRaJenKywlxmGYN_NQUWmPfReuAE7yyGw3paUXkKTai5w3w4ZWHCTvAk0uh8KxKEy7hVaWaBoQaiZvsMi0N3.0bBj4aj5HPLcqaM.JDZyTFI.KIajunvgFwje9rnvaPVxAKvUfxPib3KkItR8MA6PxcMWJpfXRRnnFjNSw45q2Tw_C.gjwBeoMNcGF_0chu2ULasOyHBBQWSsComvEDBKu4U_LDYSRbj.kcwiy36oI8ZMqGO0b613q_.V1SC71Mhwk0M0GM2u9tJIQVTvJzBR4rJSJU_ttozTEf4dwRZHJfXyNj4u6ssaD77rYRuLNvOobpw9e8tk2BeRwwMb88xi1zGcspnPbKtos5vseeQKCw42J1o4xt3yJ3SSXREz4C4BR7axoDC1PsbfjKzvDvMsQluYk43Zv1ZPgFl89R2jZzho3mW_Zeq6GtPjFyU3Dw8n0Dpx.Pdfu158uOL7WrZ9XC_0BAEshDU9CE93YuVmLTaEIRz0TzogNwvnjOVDki8kcsy_Pdj3qCeGV8cImLRDmcFw_3kDI2ulCsyYtxVR0VKDKIcm_y2oBTihQz6570UHUvbHb1Y3MiEqKkFDut16xrNSyUrM1tuSEMQ2dAqUQJK7PB9lexUfgKt5zQBpV8mF_B36r3y13mfHsIgLaWCqtLgY1y1ihHW8Zquc4newUOoF3w3Llt2duUaBhKcKDgwpKOgpMGPk1Z3m5Pn9lYD75hFavn7sy5iwQ_EANHmCjV49Mt89BbFesE94wSanX.q2Vjh5vH74ox6fWfWVHt0_uAqJFXuYJX2i.rh0MHwHXkCVhFXvRAV4O55wPcrKnY.heR53iSSYujOY8o2o_zWKvLXSHRLO.ZRZChn4ANN7wBCTVVE8EMMSMsnsWkQzj48AhT62UCzQr6XRK8QTuQQvUosEeXmqr4MResZCD1SGTR87xQ8XVP1iBCzhehkrVNv7.S_Lnpqn2s580vX7ne2_teAu8YmCddUWhs7W0_7PrLMZl0mgAc5lmmHFOkfyVQT5UHiwbacX0ZPpn0bHmZe5pgbMkqZ9Sxh8wxWbi85JDhAzEfPQnijvqbaEyjxCG5acGtVWSJgokGdsGvXE3uwxa5yRYAJkG52z4O45RsXwtbFVzUPYxmWKjUyqyeg03eFuvIwfXK_oaxuqev_lgV5rE0KeA0xhuRZvnDDogI1Blp9q_yKPiWjnTUzTJJ4l52kUEvr9EVfv83rrO9maUl6IWqFvGsxOo9hGdo4lsv5nELy.iLPWk_CAMxjFZL_d9vSBRuipS49rEbmNH3I1AoAPRU9j9l.fuEFe5aHgSstAaNtRTud9SqX6trhFy7TxsWI9fUS2u7PVIXSwI1Vnw7aoGniqmzCqes49Fy13ITLeXURJvC9oAo_d9rDOFcW_UNtJEaHtpKqvKCtFYy9RU1jY2uvuNBgaGbSYPcQ.yYMlYtmwdHKCm9lqJ.VJyDkNssSZhq75L1s48Qk9mzJCg3YdWwVBj7qpvVzoSxEEiGAOTz9SRVDZ.2rFKJ8.dEP1D.edKp_bKbdvZaCo_3ZpOY",mdrd: "6JYFugeOuPWsNU_huFVbxW4tDUq9Ba8sN2PDoeEU4IE-1740080970-1.2.1.1-xwKavZKLHennEvenZVYZyammCfMGHEgkMabMorTZdQIf_zzf2smu8SVX3cmhMSmAPXIcdDhyK3hQw_EIipJOVUQipFb88W_yWpYMLuCSJ0yDnYt1OJ0PZw4jA6ELCSfDKonrnpxeoxZMFENEoX0VRMko6L_xQPweGyq5h.LH_yPFYNVt2v6q_8bOLvv7fcvYLuNiGVNRKmsMOMvYnnsakuXr7qIf9SNijblBk8Q_5ClRxsSMgizMR7JzKc6ueSHqpMRMoRbdTPhReqGqKzRQC7nc7Mlik7OKklE5l5pevMkG9qBIVyAA6WK9N67xzRj8omdenx9.nYOHAx_R7Qk_e3cUVrIDyFbFkHa1N84TbngwGU5V.L9l10F74hw7..UiLarfTkZK0UCA_PmbPM5B4YOQssOU80sge.jqKBtQ1dddN6dIrFeAFcO2.E.1.KSINGkp9Y4QWBpAyL.wquOUvyxFdB4JVedNC_o4uiHw4HajLFsd.9IgVjLEcwXhKNIIuRUbzhlzUWpVmH1tJicAb.kw_n98yQPOGpAbtMIHctFNEj1p9ZwvtLEA_M_FREzwub.j4YSdNLPWIEQgjT4755kM1XyZ_coJL.TaEe7G.g57Bm0cvMsy6kdMxSJpfaGt4vZ1bsRT7UVbLGxKgX.B8AQmi_gS6a7VjvJTV9CE0Ud.21SU6_PtN7ujnErHL50EHaYao7SmyIY2lRZkgP.0cAlK3xeycYcnUnWcKJGy5QBCo.CxFHlVvRzUOpgpHhefIEHOtL41Z55.gKyzEHkFA_o_1HtHBslraR3tF8ZosGGPwnjXyfxhdc3O2MQ1r35ZwIyg08Wk5ijrXhBjXn9h5BrudTt5pcxfoc5stL.sxnxMj6bwe8_z4z3YdJitmiKL3p0w9DiY56myZxPzqw3gLRTRXyO2bvPyBiQj9Og_S7BO5KTcWp9OiUI2wd9nSFIcuzfYN0UNYNC7qPB5tZFW_Ut6PpGw.AyHnKxCbnatEKX_gTNnUdBVECp.bJemFldbmWRSNJGHVD8uJSWkCUO14SnYUtZE.13PO9PPhxY6PspvzP7thEOHCTNvO.75Ohalcn8r2R1jKGrT6CE.3cuHuw3Qwr1BN85slq_wyAtnJ3uNahyyXFf7zLmj57qptnd7DXbnyEg3vLpf7p73hWoi3aFtIjZDbapwh3EzuyS_fSNWV2KxqNCaSQFexNHU0fW5_Fu8Yv9NakavKoz2CDvZqqyQblDbDbA18vjhzgE4i3Y1s_VApS8R1M8zrHQ7m2Z_QyBlH6oCBE6uxI0VQWMxUk6jItkWab78HBCLaJc9f64FSbHavWM5ofeHSp5s4Rb1adxuH2vw49wQfSp2Xo6jDjTtjE_qOiE8XuEN6pPmxmWe_HVfhRdBXdl4KE1zIo_r8Ee70v.k0Od5tD2kKSJtPoeP_u1tBWcS4yVHqA.szpYOXbnbdZUpEzQRI1d0iQvnFWebvY4K4TaILznR.X3CSoYCg6AbO9AP2eEcazu8H6k8_tzzs5k0txI8bywO2qdugXqGSK1wpQaOOD8jbR196_wKzkoO0kUti6gQ7X.1bbR1QghcFpGm_7RlVXuOHQ1mM.wXQ93vw4SPn0jXDzNiNSAlYQisNS7.ASrmWy62vPCjDG5.edZsX7CKs5vW66MV.gw9LF5ApdUOI09rg957UG.BoeMWPgzg5MxGDVHhmiHZ60gTZuyHEJgmdPEzg6Wiy_90osjGCb20SolSHSgGXmeun8t5D9.g1GQp64e1lJCoqn9HSeniaKHYaiYIlXdZSH7qXm0tVLvzz0vyCRtyOk1UHj4_X9t0q1VrK5IN24z3sWaQ6eK0g598gTwEhgo.8SlSS.4febQAeHTCZwkTIrowKNExMZ5JwtbGrCM9.OpgTOlKMsfjqYvzY5fpLqXJoqn89yPi_Hw6E0M6JmteOzo1MxOGfJii4usZzWsY1yZbOsCNUfWYZHyWS3cYKfy93aEk_U9Czp0Uz0wrBt0Kmg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=915105344b3e8998';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/12131\/endnote?__cf_chl_rt_tk=0MBrlcNpISpjUzfoPzNvz1s0OsFa1VDztE2dyRd3p1Q-1740080970-1.0.1.1-MHTFPYbedLI3F5J5M62S1egkFCfbfek2lZVSSYMkL1Y" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>