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moisture content</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: initial moisture content"> <meta name="keywords" content="initial moisture content"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="initial moisture content"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9416</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: initial moisture content</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9416</span> Batch Biodrying of Pulp and Paper Secondary Sludge: Influence of Initial Moisture Content on the Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C%C3%A9sar%20Huili%C3%B1ir">César Huiliñir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danilo%20Villanueva"> Danilo Villanueva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Iv%C3%A1n%20Alvarez"> Pedro Iván Alvarez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20Cubillos"> Francisco Cubillos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biodrying aims at removing water from biowastes and has been mostly studied for municipal solid wastes (MSW), while few studies have dealt with secondary sludge from the paper and pulp industry. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of initial moisture content (MC) on the batch biodrying of pulp and paper secondary sludge, using rice husks as bulking agents. Three initial MCs were studied (54, 65, and 74% w.b.) in closed batch laboratory-scale reactors under adiabatic conditions and with a constant air-flow rate (0.65 l min-1 kg-1 wet solid). The initial MC of the mixture of secondary sludge and rice husks showed a significant effect on the biodrying process. Using initial moisture content between 54-65% w.b., the solid moisture content was reduce up to 37 % w.b. in ten days, getting calorific values between 8000-9000 kJ kg-1. It was concluded that a decreasing of initial MC improves the drying rate and decreases the solid volatile consumption, therefore, the optimization of biodrying should consider this parameter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodrying" title="biodrying">biodrying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20sludge" title=" secondary sludge"> secondary sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20moisture%20content" title=" initial moisture content"> initial moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulp%20and%20paper%20industry" title=" pulp and paper industry"> pulp and paper industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20husk" title=" rice husk "> rice husk </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18173/batch-biodrying-of-pulp-and-paper-secondary-sludge-influence-of-initial-moisture-content-on-the-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9415</span> Effects of Initial Moisture Content on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Norway Spruce Briquettes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milo%C5%A1%20Mat%C3%BA%C5%A1">Miloš Matúš</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Kri%C5%BEan"> Peter Križan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%BDubom%C3%ADr%20%C5%A0oo%C5%A1"> Ľubomír Šooš</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juraj%20Beniak"> Juraj Beniak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The moisture content of densified biomass is a limiting parameter influencing the quality of this solid biofuel. It influences its calorific value, density, mechanical strength and dimensional stability as well as affecting its production process. This paper deals with experimental research into the effect of moisture content of the densified material on the final quality of biofuel in the form of logs (briquettes or pellets). Experiments based on the single-axis densification of the spruce sawdust were carried out with a hydraulic piston press (piston and die), where the densified logs were produced at room temperature. The effect of moisture content on the qualitative properties of the logs, including density, change of moisture, expansion and physical changes, and compressive and impact resistance were studied. The results show the moisture ranges required for producing good-quality logs. The experiments were evaluated and the moisture content of the tested material was optimized to achieve the optimum value for the best quality of the solid biofuel. The dense logs also have high-energy content per unit volume. The research results could be used to develop and optimize industrial technologies and machinery for biomass densification to achieve high quality solid biofuel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=briquettes" title=" briquettes"> briquettes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=densification" title=" densification"> densification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20quality" title=" fuel quality"> fuel quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density" title=" density"> density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37411/effects-of-initial-moisture-content-on-the-physical-and-mechanical-properties-of-norway-spruce-briquettes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">428</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9414</span> Influence of Antecedent Soil Moisture on Soil Erosion: A Two-Year Field Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Da%20Chen">Yu-Da Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Chun%20Wu"> Chia-Chun Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between antecedent soil moisture content and soil erosion is a complicated phenomenon. Some studies confirm the effect of antecedent soil moisture content on soil erosion, but some deny it. Therefore, the objective of this study is to clarify such contradictions through field experiments. This study conducted two-year field observations of soil losses from natural rainfall events on runoff plots with a length of 10 meters, width of 3 meters, and uniform slope of 9%. Volumetric soil moisture sensors were used to log the soil moisture changes for each rainfall event. A total of 49 effective events were monitored. Results of this study show that antecedent soil moisture content promotes the generation of surface runoff, especially for rainfall events with short duration or lower magnitudes. A positive correlation was found between antecedent soil moisture content and soil loss per unit Rainfall-Runoff Erosivity Index, which indicated that soil with high moisture content is more susceptible to detachment. Once the rainfall duration exceeds 10 hours, the impact from the rainfall duration to soil erosion overwrites, and the effect of antecedent soil moisture is almost negligible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antecedent%20soil%20moisture%20content" title="antecedent soil moisture content">antecedent soil moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20loss" title=" soil loss"> soil loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=runoff%20coefficient" title=" runoff coefficient"> runoff coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall-runoff%20erosivity" title=" rainfall-runoff erosivity"> rainfall-runoff erosivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181070/influence-of-antecedent-soil-moisture-on-soil-erosion-a-two-year-field-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9413</span> A Study of Some Water Relations and Soil Salinity Using Geotextile Mat under Sprinkler System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Molhem">Al-Molhem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y."> Y.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work aimed to study the influence of a geotextile material under sprinkler irrigation on the availability of soil moisture content and salinity of 40 cm top soil profile. Field experiment was carried out to measure soil moisture content, soil salinity and water application efficiency under sprinkler irrigation system. The results indicated that, the mats placed at 20 cm depth leads to increasing of the availability of soil moisture content in the root zone. The results further showed increases in water application efficiency because of using the geotextile material. In addition, soil salinity in the root zone decreased because of increasing soil moisture content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotextile" title="geotextile">geotextile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sprinkler%20irrigation" title=" sprinkler irrigation"> sprinkler irrigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28484/a-study-of-some-water-relations-and-soil-salinity-using-geotextile-mat-under-sprinkler-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28484.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9412</span> Dry Matter, Moisture, Ash and Crude Fibre Content in Distinct Segments of ‘Durian Kampung’ Husk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhanim%20Nordin">Norhanim Nordin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosnah%20Shamsudin"> Rosnah Shamsudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azrina%20Azlan"> Azrina Azlan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Effendy%20Ya%E2%80%99acob"> Mohammad Effendy Ya’acob</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An environmental friendly approach for disposal of voluminous durian husk waste could be implemented by substituting them into various valuable commodities, such as healthcare and biofuel products. Thus, the study of composition value in each segment of durian husk was very crucial to determine the suitable proportions of nutrients that need to be added and mixed in the product. A total of 12 ‘Durian Kampung’ fruits from Sg Ruan, Pahang were selected and each fruit husk was divided into four segments and labelled as P-L (thin neck area of white inner husk), P-B (thick bottom area of white inner husk), H (green and thorny outer husk) and W (whole combination of P-B and H). Four experiments have been carried out to determine the dry matter, moisture, ash and crude fibre content. The results show that the H segment has the highest dry matter content (30.47%), while the P-B segment has the highest percentage in moisture (81.83%) and ash (6.95%) content. It was calculated that the ash content of the P-B segment has a higher rate of moisture level which causes the ash content to increase about 2.89% from the P-L segment. These data have proven that each segment of durian husk has a significant difference in terms of composition value, which might be useful information to fully utilize every part of the durian husk in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durian%20husk" title="durian husk">durian husk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20fibre%20content" title=" crude fibre content"> crude fibre content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20matter%20content" title=" dry matter content"> dry matter content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74287/dry-matter-moisture-ash-and-crude-fibre-content-in-distinct-segments-of-durian-kampung-husk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9411</span> Comparison of Non-destructive Devices to Quantify the Moisture Content of Bio-Based Insulation Materials on Construction Sites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%C3%A9a%20Caban">Léa Caban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucile%20Soudani"> Lucile Soudani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julien%20Berger"> Julien Berger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armelle%20Nouviaire"> Armelle Nouviaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emilio%20Bastidas-Arteaga"> Emilio Bastidas-Arteaga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Improvement of the thermal performance of buildings is a high concern for the construction industry. With the increase in environmental issues, new types of construction materials are being developed. These include bio-based insulation materials. They capture carbon dioxide, can be produced locally, and have good thermal performance. However, their behavior with respect to moisture transfer is still facing some issues. With a high porosity, the mass transfer is more important in those materials than in mineral insulation ones. Therefore, they can be more sensitive to moisture disorders such as mold growth, condensation risks or decrease of the wall energy efficiency. For this reason, the initial moisture content on the construction site is a piece of crucial knowledge. Measuring moisture content in a laboratory is a mastered task. Diverse methods exist but the easiest and the reference one is gravimetric. A material is weighed dry and wet, and its moisture content is mathematically deduced. Non-destructive methods (NDT) are promising tools to determine in an easy and fast way the moisture content in a laboratory or on construction sites. However, the quality and reliability of the measures are influenced by several factors. Classical NDT portable devices usable on-site measure the capacity or the resistivity of materials. Water’s electrical properties are very different from those of construction materials, which is why the water content can be deduced from these measurements. However, most moisture meters are made to measure wooden materials, and some of them can be adapted for construction materials with calibration curves. Anyway, these devices are almost never calibrated for insulation materials. The main objective of this study is to determine the reliability of moisture meters in the measurement of biobased insulation materials. The determination of which one of the capacitive or resistive methods is the most accurate and which device gives the best result is made. Several biobased insulation materials are tested. Recycled cotton, two types of wood fibers of different densities (53 and 158 kg/m3) and a mix of linen, cotton, and hemp. It seems important to assess the behavior of a mineral material, so glass wool is also measured. An experimental campaign is performed in a laboratory. A gravimetric measurement of the materials is carried out for every level of moisture content. These levels are set using a climatic chamber and by setting the relative humidity level for a constant temperature. The mass-based moisture contents measured are considered as references values, and the results given by moisture meters are compared to them. A complete analysis of the uncertainty measurement is also done. These results are used to analyze the reliability of moisture meters depending on the materials and their water content. This makes it possible to determine whether the moisture meters are reliable, and which one is the most accurate. It will then be used for future measurements on construction sites to assess the initial hygrothermal state of insulation materials, on both new-build and renovation projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitance%20method" title="capacitance method">capacitance method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20resistance%20method" title=" electrical resistance method"> electrical resistance method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulation%20materials" title=" insulation materials"> insulation materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20transfer" title=" moisture transfer"> moisture transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-destructive%20testing" title=" non-destructive testing"> non-destructive testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172108/comparison-of-non-destructive-devices-to-quantify-the-moisture-content-of-bio-based-insulation-materials-on-construction-sites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9410</span> The Effects of Different Amounts of Additional Moisture on the Physical Properties of Cow Pea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Extrudates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Strauta">L. Strauta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mui%C5%BEniece-Brasava"> S. Muižniece-Brasava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Even though legumes possess high nutritional value and have a rather high protein content for plant origin products, they are underutilized mostly due to their lengthy cooking time. To increase the presence of legume-based products in human diet, new extruded products were made of cow peas (<em>Vigna unguiculata </em>(L.) Walp.). But as it is known, adding different moisture content to flour before extrusion can change the physical properties of the extruded product. Experiments were carried out to estimate the optimal moisture content for cow pea extrusion. After extrusion, the pH level had dropped from 6.7 to 6.5 and the lowest hardness rate was observed in the samples with additional 9 g 100g<sup>-1</sup> of moisture - 28±4N, but the volume mass of the samples with additional 9 g100g<sup>-1</sup> of water was 263±3 g L<sup>-1</sup>; all samples were approximately 7±1mm long. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cow%20pea" title="cow pea">cow pea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extrusion%E2%80%93cooking" title=" extrusion–cooking"> extrusion–cooking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture" title=" moisture"> moisture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=size" title=" size"> size</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59031/the-effects-of-different-amounts-of-additional-moisture-on-the-physical-properties-of-cow-pea-vigna-unguiculata-l-walp-extrudates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9409</span> Moisture Variations in Unbound Layers in an Instrumented Pavement Section</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Islam">R. Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafiqul%20A.%20Tarefder"> Rafiqul A. Tarefder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents the moisture variations of unbound layers from April 2012 to January 2014 in the Interstate 40 (I-40) pavement section in New Mexico. Three moisture probes were installed at different layers inside the pavement which measure the continuous moisture variations of the pavement. Data show that the moisture contents of unbound layers are typically constant throughout the day and month unless there is rainfall. Moisture contents of all unbound layers change with rainfall. Change in ground water table may affect the moisture content of unbound layers which has not investigated in this study. In addition, the Level 3 predictions of moisture contents using the Pavement Mechanistic-Empirical (ME) Design software are compared and found quite reasonable. However, results presented in the current study may not be applicable for pavement in other regions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphalt%20pavement" title="asphalt pavement">asphalt pavement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20probes" title=" moisture probes"> moisture probes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilient%20modulus" title=" resilient modulus"> resilient modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20model" title=" climate model "> climate model </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21090/moisture-variations-in-unbound-layers-in-an-instrumented-pavement-section" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9408</span> Influence of the Moisture Content on the Flowability of Fine-Grained Iron Ore Concentrate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Lanzerstorfer">C. Lanzerstorfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hinterberger"> M. Hinterberger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The iron content of the ore used is crucial for the productivity and coke consumption rate in blast furnace pig iron production. Therefore, most iron ore deposits are processed in beneficiation plants to increase the iron content and remove impurities. In several comminution stages, the particle size of the ore is reduced to ensure that the iron oxides are physically liberated from the gangue. Subsequently, physical separation processes are applied to concentrate the iron ore. The fine-grained ore concentrates produced need to be transported, stored, and processed. For smooth operation of these processes, the flow properties of the material are crucial. The flowability of powders depends on several properties of the material: grain size, grain size distribution, grain shape, and moisture content of the material. The flowability of powders can be measured using ring shear testers. In this study, the influence of the moisture content on the flowability for the Krivoy Rog magnetite iron ore concentrate was investigated. Dry iron ore concentrate was mixed with varying amounts of water to produce samples with a moisture content in the range of 0.2 to 12.2%. The flowability of the samples was investigated using a Schulze ring shear tester. At all measured values of the normal stress (1.0 kPa – 20 kPa), the flowability decreased significantly from dry ore to a moisture content of approximately 3-5%. At higher moisture contents, the flowability was nearly constant, while at the maximum moisture content the flowability improved for high values of the normal stress only. The results also showed an improving flowability with increasing consolidation stress for all moisture content levels investigated. The wall friction angle of the dust with carbon steel (S235JR), and an ultra-high molecule low-pressure polyethylene (Robalon) was also investigated. The wall friction angle increased significantly from dry ore to a moisture content of approximately 3%. For higher moisture content levels, the wall friction angles were nearly constant. Generally, the wall friction angle was approximately 4° lower at the higher wall normal stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20ore%20concentrate" title="iron ore concentrate">iron ore concentrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flowability" title=" flowability"> flowability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20friction%20angle" title=" wall friction angle"> wall friction angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65297/influence-of-the-moisture-content-on-the-flowability-of-fine-grained-iron-ore-concentrate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9407</span> Cooking Attributes of Rice Stored under Varying Temperature and Moisture Regimes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakshmi%20E.%20Jayachandran">Lakshmi E. Jayachandran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manepally%20Rajkumar"> Manepally Rajkumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavuluri%20Srinivasa%20Rao"> Pavuluri Srinivasa Rao </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this research was to study the changes in eating quality of rice during storage under varying temperature and moisture regimes. Paddy (IR-36) with high amylose content (27%) was stored at a temperature range between 10 to 40°C and moisture content from 9 to 18% (d.b.) for 6 months. Drastic changes in color and parameters representing cooking qualities, cooked rice texture, and surface morphology occurred after 4 months of storage, especially at elevated temperature conditions. Head rice yield was stable throughout the storage except at extreme conditions of temperature and moisture content. Yellowing of rice was prominent at combinations of high temperature and moisture content, both of which had a synergistic effect on the b* values of rice. The cooking time, length expansion ratio and volume expansion ratio of all the rice samples increased with prolonged storage. The texture parameter, primarily, the hardness, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness of cooked rice samples were higher following storage at elevated temperature. Surface morphology was also significantly affected in stored rice as compared to fresh rice. Storage of rice at 10°C with a grain moisture content of 10% for 2 months gave cooked rice samples with good palatability and minimal cooking time. The temperature was found to be the most prominent storage parameter for rough rice, followed by moisture content and storage duration, influencing the quality of rice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title="rice">rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooking%20quality" title=" cooking quality"> cooking quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20morphology" title=" surface morphology"> surface morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85370/cooking-attributes-of-rice-stored-under-varying-temperature-and-moisture-regimes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9406</span> Effect of Moisture Content Compaction in the Geometry Definition of Earth Dams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julian%20B.%20Garc%C3%ADa">Julian B. García</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Virginie%20Q.%20R.%20Pinto"> Virginie Q. R. Pinto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9%20P.%20Assis"> André P. Assis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents numerical flow and slope stability simulations in three typical sections of earth dams built in tropical regions, two homogeneous with different slope inclinations, and the other one heterogeneous with impermeable core. The geotechnical material parameters used in this work were obtained from a lab testing of physical characterization, compaction, consolidation, variable load permeability and saturated triaxial type CD for compacted soil samples with standard proctor energy at optimum moisture content (23%), optimum moisture content + 2% and optimum moisture content +5%. The objective is to analyze the general behavior of earth dams built in rainy regions where optimum moisture is exceeded. The factor of safety is satisfactory for the three sections compacted in all moisture content during the stages of operation and end of construction. On The other hand, the rapid drawdown condition is the critical phase for homogeneus dams configuration, the factor of safety obtained were unsatisfactory. In general, the heterogeneous dam behavior is more efficient due to the fact that the slopes are made up of gravel, which favors the dissipation of pore pressures during the rapid drawdown. For the critical phase, the slopes should have lower inclinations of the upstream and downstream slopes to guarantee stability, although it increases the costs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earth%20dams" title="earth dams">earth dams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow" title=" flow"> flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title=" slope stability"> slope stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70363/effect-of-moisture-content-compaction-in-the-geometry-definition-of-earth-dams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9405</span> The Effect of Different Composition of Dairy Cattle Feces Briquette on Moisture and Briquette Density</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dita%20Aviana%20Dewi">Dita Aviana Dewi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heri%20Muji"> Heri Muji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dian%20Nur%20Amalia"> Dian Nur Amalia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nanung%20Agus%20Fitriyanto"> Nanung Agus Fitriyanto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Utilization of cow feces as a source of alternative energy can be done with turn it as briquettes. Cow feces generate heat around 4000 Cal/g and the methane gas (CH4) are quite high. Methane gas is one of the essential elements in briquettes which serve as the ignition, so that is resulting briquettes combustible. This study aims to know the difference of the composition of the constituents of briquette moisture content and density. Dairy cattle feces used as the main ingredient with additional material from the waste of the agricultural industry in the form of husk. This study was conducted with three treatments, namely T0= feces 1: husk 1, T1= feces 2: husk 1, and T2= feces 3: husk 1. Each treatment was replicated three times. The experimental design used was Complete Random Design Pattern in line with testing of Dunnet. The observed variables are moisture content and density of the briquettes. Results of this study showed an average moisture content of T0 is 31,17%, T1 is 28,14%, and T2 is 49.95%. The average density of briquettes at T0 is 1,0787 g/cm3, T1 is 1,1448 g/cm3, and T2 is 1,1133 g/cm3. Summary of the study is to take the difference of the composition of the feces and the husk do not have significant effects on moisture content and density of briquettes (p < 0.05). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy%20cattle%20feces" title="dairy cattle feces">dairy cattle feces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=briquette" title=" briquette"> briquette</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture" title=" moisture"> moisture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density" title=" density"> density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27127/the-effect-of-different-composition-of-dairy-cattle-feces-briquette-on-moisture-and-briquette-density" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">738</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9404</span> Effect of Concentration Level and Moisture Content on the Detection and Quantification of Nickel in Clay Agricultural Soil in Lebanon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Layan%20Moussa">Layan Moussa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darine%20Salam"> Darine Salam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Mustapha"> Samir Mustapha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils in Lebanon poses serious environmental and health problems. Intensive efforts are employed to improve existing quantification methods of heavy metals in contaminated environments since conventional detection techniques have shown to be time-consuming, tedious, and costly. The implication of hyperspectral remote sensing in this field is possible and promising. However, factors impacting the efficiency of hyperspectral imaging in detecting and quantifying heavy metals in agricultural soils were not thoroughly studied. This study proposes to assess the use of hyperspectral imaging for the detection of Ni in agricultural clay soil collected from the Bekaa Valley, a major agricultural area in Lebanon, under different contamination levels and soil moisture content. Soil samples were contaminated with Ni, with concentrations ranging from 150 mg/kg to 4000 mg/kg. On the other hand, soil with background contamination was subjected to increased moisture levels varying from 5 to 75%. Hyperspectral imaging was used to detect and quantify Ni contamination in the soil at different contamination levels and moisture content. IBM SPSS statistical software was used to develop models that predict the concentration of Ni and moisture content in agricultural soil. The models were constructed using linear regression algorithms. The spectral curves obtained reflected an inverse correlation between both Ni concentration and moisture content with respect to reflectance. On the other hand, the models developed resulted in high values of predicted R2 of 0.763 for Ni concentration and 0.854 for moisture content. Those predictions stated that Ni presence was well expressed near 2200 nm and that of moisture was at 1900 nm. The results from this study would allow us to define the potential of using the hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique as a reliable and cost-effective alternative for heavy metal pollution detection in contaminated soils and soil moisture prediction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title="heavy metals">heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperspectral%20imaging" title=" hyperspectral imaging"> hyperspectral imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20contamination" title=" soil contamination"> soil contamination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163449/effect-of-concentration-level-and-moisture-content-on-the-detection-and-quantification-of-nickel-in-clay-agricultural-soil-in-lebanon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9403</span> Linking Soil Spectral Behavior and Moisture Content for Soil Moisture Content Retrieval at Field Scale</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yonwaba%20Atyosi">Yonwaba Atyosi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moses%20Cho"> Moses Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abel%20Ramoelo"> Abel Ramoelo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nobuhle%20Majozi"> Nobuhle Majozi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cecilia%20Masemola"> Cecilia Masemola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoliswa%20Mkhize"> Yoliswa Mkhize</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spectroscopy has been widely used to understand the hyperspectral remote sensing of soils. Accurate and efficient measurement of soil moisture is essential for precision agriculture. The aim of this study was to understand the spectral behavior of soil at different soil water content levels and identify the significant spectral bands for soil moisture content retrieval at field-scale. The study consisted of 60 soil samples from a maize farm, divided into four different treatments representing different moisture levels. Spectral signatures were measured for each sample in laboratory under artificial light using an Analytical Spectral Device (ASD) spectrometer, covering a wavelength range from 350 nm to 2500 nm, with a spectral resolution of 1 nm. The results showed that the absorption features at 1450 nm, 1900 nm, and 2200 nm were particularly sensitive to soil moisture content and exhibited strong correlations with the water content levels. Continuum removal was developed in the R programming language to enhance the absorption features of soil moisture and to precisely understand its spectral behavior at different water content levels. Statistical analysis using partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were performed to quantify the correlation between the spectral bands and soil moisture content. This study provides insights into the spectral behavior of soil at different water content levels and identifies the significant spectral bands for soil moisture content retrieval. The findings highlight the potential of spectroscopy for non-destructive and rapid soil moisture measurement, which can be applied to various fields such as precision agriculture, hydrology, and environmental monitoring. However, it is important to note that the spectral behavior of soil can be influenced by various factors such as soil type, texture, and organic matter content, and caution should be taken when applying the results to other soil systems. The results of this study showed a good agreement between measured and predicted values of Soil Moisture Content with high R2 and low root mean square error (RMSE) values. Model validation using independent data was satisfactory for all the studied soil samples. The results has significant implications for developing high-resolution and precise field-scale soil moisture retrieval models. These models can be used to understand the spatial and temporal variation of soil moisture content in agricultural fields, which is essential for managing irrigation and optimizing crop yield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20moisture%20content%20retrieval" title="soil moisture content retrieval">soil moisture content retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precision%20agriculture" title=" precision agriculture"> precision agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuum%20removal" title=" continuum removal"> continuum removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectroscopy" title=" spectroscopy"> spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168913/linking-soil-spectral-behavior-and-moisture-content-for-soil-moisture-content-retrieval-at-field-scale" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9402</span> Modelling of Moisture Loss and Oil Uptake during Deep-Fat Frying of Plantain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20A.%20Adeyanju">James A. Adeyanju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20O.%20Olajide"> John O. Olajide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akinbode%20A.%20Adedeji"> Akinbode A. Adedeji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A predictive mathematical model based on the fundamental principles of mass transfer was developed to simulate the moisture content and oil content during Deep-Fat Frying (DFF) process of dodo. The resulting governing equation, that is, partial differential equation that describes rate of moisture loss and oil uptake was solved numerically using explicit Finite Difference Technique (FDT). Computer codes were written in MATLAB environment for the implementation of FDT at different frying conditions and moisture loss as well as oil uptake simulation during DFF of dodo. Plantain samples were sliced into 5 mm thickness and fried at different frying oil temperatures (150, 160 and 170 ⁰C) for periods varying from 2 to 4 min. The comparison between the predicted results and experimental data for the validation of the model showed reasonable agreement. The correlation coefficients between the predicted and experimental values of moisture and oil transfer models ranging from 0.912 to 0.947 and 0.895 to 0.957, respectively. The predicted results could be further used for the design, control and optimization of deep-fat frying process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frying" title="frying">frying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20loss" title=" moisture loss"> moisture loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20uptake" title=" oil uptake"> oil uptake</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86942/modelling-of-moisture-loss-and-oil-uptake-during-deep-fat-frying-of-plantain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9401</span> Study on the Thermal Conductivity about Porous Materials in Wet State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Yan">Han Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jieren%20Luo"> Jieren Luo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiuhui%20Yan"> Qiuhui Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoqing%20Li"> Xiaoqing Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The thermal conductivity of porous materials is closely related to the thermal and moisture environment and the overall energy consumption of the building. The study of thermal conductivity of porous materials has great significance for the realization of low energy consumption building and economic construction building. Based on the study of effective thermal conductivity of porous materials at home and abroad, the thermal conductivity under a variety of different density of polystyrene board (EPS), plastic extruded board (XPS) and polyurethane (PU) and phenolic resin (PF) in wet state through theoretical analysis and experimental research has been studied. Initially, the moisture absorption and desorption properties of specimens had been discussed under different density, which led a result indicates the moisture absorption of four porous materials all have three stages, fast, stable and gentle. For the moisture desorption, there are two types. One is the existence of the rapid phase of the stage, such as XPS board, PU board. The other one does not have the fast desorption, instead, it is more stabilized, such as XPS board, PF board. Furthermore, the relationship between water content and thermal conductivity of porous materials had been studied and fitted, which figured out that in the wake of the increasing water content, the thermal conductivity of porous material is continually improving. At the same time, this result also shows, in different density, when the same kind of materials decreases, the saturated moisture content increases. Finally, the moisture absorption and desorption properties of the four kinds of materials are compared comprehensively, and it turned out that the heat preservation performance of PU board is the best, followed by EPS board, XPS board, PF board. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20materials" title="porous materials">porous materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20hot-wire%20method" title=" transient hot-wire method"> transient hot-wire method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71053/study-on-the-thermal-conductivity-about-porous-materials-in-wet-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9400</span> FT-NIR Method to Determine Moisture in Gluten Free Rice-Based Pasta during Drying</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navneet%20Singh%20Deora">Navneet Singh Deora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aastha%20Deswal"> Aastha Deswal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20N.%20Mishra"> H. N. Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pasta is one of the most widely consumed food products around the world. Rapid determination of the moisture content in pasta will assist food processors to provide online quality control of pasta during large scale production. Rapid Fourier transform near-infrared method (FT-NIR) was developed for determining moisture content in pasta. A calibration set of 150 samples, a validation set of 30 samples and a prediction set of 25 samples of pasta were used. The diffuse reflection spectra of different types of pastas were measured by FT-NIR analyzer in the 4,000-12,000 cm-1 spectral range. Calibration and validation sets were designed for the conception and evaluation of the method adequacy in the range of moisture content 10 to 15 percent (w.b) of the pasta. The prediction models based on partial least squares (PLS) regression, were developed in the near-infrared. Conventional criteria such as the R2, the root mean square errors of cross validation (RMSECV), root mean square errors of estimation (RMSEE) as well as the number of PLS factors were considered for the selection of three pre-processing (vector normalization, minimum-maximum normalization and multiplicative scatter correction) methods. Spectra of pasta sample were treated with different mathematic pre-treatments before being used to build models between the spectral information and moisture content. The moisture content in pasta predicted by FT-NIR methods had very good correlation with their values determined via traditional methods (R2 = 0.983), which clearly indicated that FT-NIR methods could be used as an effective tool for rapid determination of moisture content in pasta. The best calibration model was developed with min-max normalization (MMN) spectral pre-processing (R2 = 0.9775). The MMN pre-processing method was found most suitable and the maximum coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9875 was obtained for the calibration model developed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FT-NIR" title="FT-NIR">FT-NIR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pasta" title=" pasta"> pasta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20determination" title=" moisture determination"> moisture determination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20engineering" title=" food engineering"> food engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2546/ft-nir-method-to-determine-moisture-in-gluten-free-rice-based-pasta-during-drying" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9399</span> Investigation of Steady State Infiltration Rate for Different Head Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nour%20Aljafari">Nour Aljafari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariam"> Mariam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Maani"> S. Maani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serter%20Atabay"> Serter Atabay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarig%20Ali"> Tarig Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Daker"> Said Daker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lara%20Daher"> Lara Daher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamad%20Bukhammas"> Hamad Bukhammas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Abou%20Shakra"> Mohammed Abou Shakra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims at determining the soil characteristics that influence the irrigation process of green landscapes and deciding on the optimum amount of water needed for irrigation. The laboratory experiments were conducted using the constant head methodology to determine the soil infiltration rates. The steady state infiltration rate was reached after 10 minutes of infiltration at a rate of 200 mm/hr. The effects of different water heads on infiltration rates were also investigated, and the head of 11 cm was found to be the optimum head for the test. The experimental results showed consistent infiltration results for the range between 11 cm and 15 cm. The study also involved finding the initial moisture content, which ranged between 5% and 25%, and finding the organic content, which occupied 1% to 2% of the soil. These results will be later utilized, using the water balance approach, to estimate the optimum amount of water needed for irrigation for changing weather conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infiltration%20rate" title="infiltration rate">infiltration rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grass%20type" title=" grass type"> grass type</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20content" title=" organic content"> organic content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52538/investigation-of-steady-state-infiltration-rate-for-different-head-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9398</span> Effect of Storage Time on the Properties of Seeds, Oil and Biodiesel from Reutealis trisperma </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Yusuf%20Abduh">Muhammad Yusuf Abduh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syaripudin"> Syaripudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laksmitha%20%20Dyanie"> Laksmitha Dyanie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Manurung"> Robert Manurung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The time profile of moisture content for different fractions (PT-3, PT-7, PT-14, NPT-21) of trisperma seeds (Reutealis trisperma) was determined at a relative humidity of 67% and 27°C for a four months period. The diffusion coefficient of water in the trisperma seeds was determined using an analytical solution of instationary diffusion equation and used to model the moisture content in the seeds. The total oil content of the seeds and the acid value of the extracted oil from the stored seeds were periodically measured for four months. The acid value of the extracted oil from the stored seeds increased for all conditions (1.1 to 2.8 mg KOH/g for PT-3, 1.9 to 9.9 mg KOH/g for PT-7, 3.4 to 11.6 mg KOH/g for PT-14 and 4.7 to 25.4 mg KOH/g for NPT-21). The acid value of trisperma oil and biodiesel that has been stored for four months (27°C, closed container) was also determined. Upon storage, the acid value of trisperma oil and biodiesel only slightly increased from 1.1 to 1.3 mg KOH/g and 0.4 to 0.43 mg KOH/g, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20value" title="acid value">acid value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title=" biodiesel"> biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reutealis%20trisperma" title=" Reutealis trisperma"> Reutealis trisperma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85372/effect-of-storage-time-on-the-properties-of-seeds-oil-and-biodiesel-from-reutealis-trisperma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9397</span> Effect of Whey Protein Based Edible Coating on the Moisture Loss and Sensory Attributes of Fresh Mutton</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saba%20Belgheisi">Saba Belgheisi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Food packaging, is an important discipline in the area of food technology, concerns preservation and protection of foods. The objective of this research was to determine of the effect of whey protein based edible coating on the moisture loss and sensory attributes of fresh mutton after 0, 1, 3 and 5 days at 5° C. The moisture content, moisture loss and sensory attributes (juiciness, color and odor) of the coated and uncoated samples were analyzed. The results showed that, moisture content, moisture loss, juiciness and color of the coated and uncoated samples have significant differences (p < 0.05) at the intervals of 0 to 1 and 1 to 3 days of storage. But no significant difference was observed at interval time 3 to 5 days of storage (p > 0.05). Also, there was no significant differences in the odor values of the coated and uncoated samples (p > 0.05). Therefore, the coated samples had consistently more moisture, juiciness and colored values than uncoated samples after 3 days at 5° C. So, whey protein edible coating could enhance product presentation and eliminate the need for placing absorbent pads at the bottom of the trays. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coating" title="coating">coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whey%20protein" title=" whey protein"> whey protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutton" title=" mutton"> mutton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture" title=" moisture"> moisture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensory" title=" sensory "> sensory </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21747/effect-of-whey-protein-based-edible-coating-on-the-moisture-loss-and-sensory-attributes-of-fresh-mutton" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9396</span> Simulation Study on Particle Fluidization and Drying in a Spray Fluidized Bed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinnan%20Guo">Jinnan Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daoyin%20Liu"> Daoyin Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The quality of final products in the coating process significantly depends on particle fluidization and drying in the spray-fluidized bed. In this study, fluidizing gas temperature and velocity are changed, and their effects on particle flow, moisture content, and heat transfer in a spray fluidized bed are investigated by the CFD – Discrete Element Model (DEM). The gas flow velocity distribution of the fluidized bed is symmetrical, with high velocity in the middle and low velocity on both sides. During the heating process, the particles inside the central tube and at the bottom of the bed are rapidly heated. The particle circulation in the annular area is heated slowly and the temperature is low. The inconsistency of particle circulation results in two peaks in the probability density distribution of the particle temperature during the heating process, and the overall temperature of the particles increases uniformly. During the drying process, the distribution of particle moisture transitions from initial uniform moisture to two peaks, and then the number of completely dried (moisture content of 0) particles gradually increases. Increasing the fluidizing gas temperature and velocity improves particle circulation, drying and heat transfer in the bed. The current study provides an effective method for studying the hydrodynamics of spray fluidized beds with simultaneous processes of heating and particle fluidization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD-DEM" title=" CFD-DEM"> CFD-DEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20fluidized%20bed" title=" spray fluidized bed"> spray fluidized bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying" title=" drying"> drying</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183508/simulation-study-on-particle-fluidization-and-drying-in-a-spray-fluidized-bed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9395</span> A Low Cost Non-Destructive Grain Moisture Embedded System for Food Safety and Quality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ritula%20Thakur">Ritula Thakur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babankumar%20S.%20Bansod"> Babankumar S. Bansod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Puneet%20Mehta"> Puneet Mehta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chatterji"> S. Chatterji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Moisture plays an important role in storage, harvesting and processing of food grains and related agricultural products. It is an important characteristic of most agricultural products for maintenance of quality. Accurate knowledge of the moisture content can be of significant value in maintaining quality and preventing contamination of cereal grains. The present work reports the design and development of microcontroller based low cost non-destructive moisture meter, which uses complex impedance measurement method for moisture measurement of wheat using parallel plate capacitor arrangement. Moisture can conveniently be sensed by measuring the complex impedance using a small parallel-plate capacitor sensor filled with the kernels in-between the two plates of sensor, exciting the sensor at 30 KHz and 100 KHz frequencies. The effects of density and temperature variations were compensated by providing suitable compensations in the developed algorithm. The results were compared with standard dry oven technique and the developed method was found to be highly accurate with less than 1% error. The developed moisture meter is low cost, highly accurate, non-destructible method for determining the moisture of grains utilizing the fast computing capabilities of microcontroller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20impedance" title="complex impedance">complex impedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20properties" title=" electrical properties"> electrical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20of%20food" title=" safety of food"> safety of food</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21733/a-low-cost-non-destructive-grain-moisture-embedded-system-for-food-safety-and-quality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9394</span> [Keynote Talk]: Thermal Performance of Common Building Insulation Materials: Operating Temperature and Moisture Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maatouk%20Khoukhi">Maatouk Khoukhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An accurate prediction of the heat transfer through the envelope components of building is required to achieve an accurate cooling/heating load calculation which leads to precise sizing of the hvac equipment. This also depends on the accuracy of the thermal conductivity of the building insulation material. The proper use of thermal insulation in buildings (k-value) contribute significantly to reducing the HVAC size and consequently the annual energy cost. The first part of this paper presents an overview of building thermal insulation and their applications. The second part presents some results related to the change of the polystyrene insulation thermal conductivity with the change of the operating temperature and the moisture. Best-fit linear relationship of the k-value in term of the operating temperatures and different percentage of moisture content by weight has been established. The thermal conductivity of the polystyrene insulation material increases with the increase of both operating temperature and humidity content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20insulation%20material" title="building insulation material">building insulation material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operating%20temperature" title=" operating temperature"> operating temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54803/keynote-talk-thermal-performance-of-common-building-insulation-materials-operating-temperature-and-moisture-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9393</span> Production and Evaluation of Enriched Aadun (a Local Maize Snack)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Oluwasola">E. Oluwasola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Bamidele"> E. Bamidele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Ogunbusola"> E. Ogunbusola </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enriched “aadun” was produced from maize with, supplemented with cray fish and beans. Sodium chloride (Nacl) was also added to the product which acts as preservatives. The produced enriched “aadun” was compared with commercial “aadun” organoleptically the result of the sensory evaluation carried out on the product showed that there is a statistical significant difference between the mouth feel of enriched and commercial “aadun” at 0.05 level of significance (t=5.499, P<0.05) Similarly, the mean difference between enriched and commercial “aadun” in terms of aroma (t=4.403, P<0.05), taste (t=4.592, P<0.05) colour (t=2.788, P<0.05) and general acceptability (t=3.894, P<0.05) is statistically significant at 95% confidence level in each case, therefore, it is clearly revealed that product 321 (Enriched “aadun”) is more acceptable and significant better than product 432 (commercial “aadun”) in all the attributes evaluated. The proximate analysis using standard methods of analysis was carried out which include the moisture content, ash and protein content for both the enriched aadun and commercial aadun the result showed moisture content 9%, ash 6.2%, protein 19.6% and 12.9% moisture content, 4%ash content, 8.75% protein for the commercial and improved aadun respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aadun" title="aadun">aadun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enriched" title=" enriched"> enriched</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize" title=" maize"> maize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supplemented" title=" supplemented "> supplemented </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20691/production-and-evaluation-of-enriched-aadun-a-local-maize-snack" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">556</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9392</span> Drying Kinetics of Vacuum Dried Beef Meat Slices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elif%20Aykin%20Dincer">Elif Aykin Dincer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Erbas"> Mustafa Erbas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The vacuum drying behavior of beef slices (10 x 4 x 0.2 cm3) was experimentally investigated at the temperature of 60, 70, and 80°C under 25 mbar ultimate vacuum pressure and the mathematical models (Lewis, Page, Midilli, Two-term, Wangh and Singh and Modified Henderson and Pabis) were used to fit the vacuum drying of beef slices. The increase in drying air temperature resulted in a decrease in drying time. It took approximately 206, 180 and 157 min to dry beef slices from an initial moisture content to a final moisture content of 0.05 kg water/kg dry matter at 60, 70 and 80 °C of vacuum drying, respectively. It is also observed that the drying rate increased with increasing drying temperature. The coefficients (R2), the reduced chi-square (x²) and root mean square error (RMSE) values were obtained by application of six models to the experimental drying data. The best model with the highest R2 and, the lowest x² and RMSE values was selected to describe the drying characteristics of beef slices. The Page model has shown a better fit to the experimental drying data as compared to other models. In addition, the effective moisture diffusivities of beef slices in the vacuum drying at 60 - 80 °C varied in the range of 1.05 – 1.09 x 10-10 m2/s. Consequently, this results can be used to simulate vacuum drying process of beef slices and improve efficiency of the drying process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beef%20slice" title="beef slice">beef slice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying%20models" title=" drying models"> drying models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20diffusivity" title=" effective diffusivity"> effective diffusivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum" title=" vacuum"> vacuum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66896/drying-kinetics-of-vacuum-dried-beef-meat-slices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9391</span> Influence of Variable Calcium Content on Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Synthesized at Different Temperature and Moisture Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suraj%20D.%20Khadka">Suraj D. Khadka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priyantha%20W.%20Jayawickrama"> Priyantha W. Jayawickrama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In search of a sustainable construction material, geopolymer has been investigated for past decades to evaluate its advantage over conventional products. Synthesis of geopolymer requires a source of aluminosilicate mixed with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate at different proportions to maintain a Si/Al molar ratio of 1-3 and Na/Al molar ratio of unity. A comprehensive geopolymer study was performed with Metakaolin and Class C Fly ash as primary aluminosilicate sources. Synthesized geopolymer was analyzed for time-dependent viscosity, setting period and strength at varying initial moisture content, curing temperature and humidity. Different concentration of Ca(OH)₂ and CaSO₄.2H₂O were added to vary the amount of calcium contained in synthesized geopolymer. Influence of calcium content in unconfined compressive strength behavior of geopolymer were analyzed. Finally, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was performed to investigate the hardened product. It was observed that fly ash based geopolymer had shortened setting time and faster increase in viscosity as compared to geopolymer synthesized from metakaolin. This was primarily attributed to higher calcium content resulting in formation of calcium silicate hydrates (CSH). SEM-EDS was performed to verify the presence of CSH phases. Spectral analysis of geopolymer prepared by addition of Ca(OH)₂ and CaSO₄.2H₂O indicated higher CSH phases at higher concentration. It was observed that lower concentration of added calcium favored strength gain in geopolymer. However, at higher calcium concentration, decrease in strength was observed. Strength variation was also observed with humidity at initial curing condition. At 100% humidity, geopolymer with added calcium presented higher strength compared to samples cured at ambient humidity condition (40%). Reduction in strength in these samples at lower humidity was primarily attributed to reduction in moisture content in specimen due to the formation of CSH phases and loss of moisture through evaporation. For low calcium content geopolymers, with increase in temperature, gain in strength was observed with maximum strength observed at 200 ˚C. However, samples with higher calcium content demonstrated severe cracking resulting in low strength at elevated temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20silicate%20hydrates" title="calcium silicate hydrates">calcium silicate hydrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolymer" title=" geopolymer"> geopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humidity" title=" humidity"> humidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scanning%20Electron%20Microscopy-Energy%20Dispersive%20Spectroscopy" title=" Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy"> Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconfined%20compressive%20strength" title=" unconfined compressive strength "> unconfined compressive strength </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96918/influence-of-variable-calcium-content-on-mechanical-properties-of-geopolymer-synthesized-at-different-temperature-and-moisture-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9390</span> Support Vector Regression for Retrieval of Soil Moisture Using Bistatic Scatterometer Data at X-Band</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dileep%20Kumar%20Gupta">Dileep Kumar Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajendra%20Prasad"> Rajendra Prasad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20Kumar"> Pradeep Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Varun%20Narayan%20Mishra"> Varun Narayan Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajeet%20Kumar%20Vishwakarma"> Ajeet Kumar Vishwakarma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prashant%20K.%20Srivastava"> Prashant K. Srivastava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An approach was evaluated for the retrieval of soil moisture of bare soil surface using bistatic scatterometer data in the angular range of 200 to 700 at VV- and HH- polarization. The microwave data was acquired by specially designed X-band (10 GHz) bistatic scatterometer. The linear regression analysis was done between scattering coefficients and soil moisture content to select the suitable incidence angle for retrieval of soil moisture content. The 250 incidence angle was found more suitable. The support vector regression analysis was used to approximate the function described by the input-output relationship between the scattering coefficient and corresponding measured values of the soil moisture content. The performance of support vector regression algorithm was evaluated by comparing the observed and the estimated soil moisture content by statistical performance indices %Bias, root mean squared error (RMSE) and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE). The values of %Bias, root mean squared error (RMSE) and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) were found 2.9451, 1.0986, and 0.9214, respectively at HH-polarization. At VV- polarization, the values of %Bias, root mean squared error (RMSE) and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) were found 3.6186, 0.9373, and 0.9428, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bistatic%20scatterometer" title="bistatic scatterometer">bistatic scatterometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20moisture" title=" soil moisture"> soil moisture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20regression" title=" support vector regression"> support vector regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RMSE" title=" RMSE"> RMSE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%25Bias" title=" %Bias"> %Bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NSE" title=" NSE"> NSE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34385/support-vector-regression-for-retrieval-of-soil-moisture-using-bistatic-scatterometer-data-at-x-band" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">428</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9389</span> Empirical Modeling of Air Dried Rubberwood Drying System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Khamtree">S. Khamtree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Ratanawilai"> T. Ratanawilai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Nuntadusit"> C. Nuntadusit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rubberwood is a crucial commercial timber in Southern Thailand. All processes in a rubberwood production depend on the knowledge and expertise of the technicians, especially the drying process. This research aims to develop an empirical model for drying kinetics in rubberwood. During the experiment, the temperature of the hot air and the average air flow velocity were kept at 80-100 °C and 1.75 m/s, respectively. The moisture content in the samples was determined less than 12% in the achievement of drying basis. The drying kinetic was simulated using an empirical solver. The experimental results illustrated that the moisture content was reduced whereas the drying temperature and time were increased. The coefficient of the moisture ratio between the empirical and the experimental model was tested with three statistical parameters, R-square (<em>R²</em>), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Chi-square (χ²) to predict the accuracy of the parameters. The experimental moisture ratio had a good fit with the empirical model. Additionally, the results indicated that the drying of rubberwood using the Henderson and Pabis model revealed the suitable level of agreement. The result presented an excellent estimation (<em>R² </em>= 0.9963<strong>)</strong> for the moisture movement compared to the other models. Therefore, the empirical results were valid and can be implemented in the future experiments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20models" title="empirical models">empirical models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubberwood" title=" rubberwood"> rubberwood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20ratio" title=" moisture ratio"> moisture ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20air%20drying" title=" hot air drying"> hot air drying</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93645/empirical-modeling-of-air-dried-rubberwood-drying-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9388</span> Effects of Aging on Thermal Properties of Some Improved Varieties of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta) Roots</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20O.%20Oriola">K. O. Oriola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20O.%20Raji"> A. O. Raji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20E.%20Akintola"> O. E. Akintola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20T.%20Ismail"> O. T. Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermal properties of roots of three improved cassava varieties (TME419, TMS 30572, and TMS 0326) were determined on samples harvested at 12, 15 and 18 Months After Planting (MAP) conditioned to moisture contents of 50, 55, 60, 65, 70% (wb). Thermal conductivity at 12, 15 and 18 MAP ranged 0.4770 W/m.K to 0.6052W/m.K; 0.4804 W/m.K to 0.5530 W/m.K and 0.3764 to 0.6102 W/m.K respectively, thermal diffusivity from 1.588 to 2.426 x 10-7m2/s; 1.290 to 2.010 x 10-7m2/s and 0.1692 to 4.464 x 10-7m2/s and specific heat capacity from 2.3626 to 3.8991 kJ/kg.K; 1.8110 to 3.9703 kJ/kgK and 1.7311 to 3.8830 kJ/kg.K respectively within the range of moisture content studied across the varieties. None of the samples over the ages studied showed similar or definite trend in variation with others across the moisture content. However, second order polynomial models fitted all the data. Age on the other hand had a significant effect on the three thermal properties studied for TME 419 but not on thermal conductivity of TMS30572 and specific heat capacity of TMS 0326. Information obtained will provide better insight into thermal processing of cassava roots into stable products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title="thermal conductivity">thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20diffusivity" title=" thermal diffusivity"> thermal diffusivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20heat%20capacity" title=" specific heat capacity"> specific heat capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuber%20age" title=" tuber age"> tuber age</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25107/effects-of-aging-on-thermal-properties-of-some-improved-varieties-of-cassava-manihot-esculenta-roots" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">520</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9387</span> Effect of Burdock Root Extract Concentration on Physiochemical Property of Coated Jasmine Rice by Using Top-Spay Fluidized Bed Coating Technique </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donludee%20Jaisut">Donludee Jaisut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norihisa%20Kato"> Norihisa Kato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanutchaporn%20Kumrungsee"> Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiyoshi%20Kawai"> Kiyoshi Kawai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somkiat%20Prachayawarakorn"> Somkiat Prachayawarakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patchalee%20Tungtrakul"> Patchalee Tungtrakul </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Jasmine Rice is a principle food of Thai people. However, glycemic index of jasmine rice is in high level, risk of type II diabetes after consuming. Burdock root is a good source of non-starch polysaccharides such as inulin. Inulin acts as prebiotic and helps reduce blood-sugar level. The purpose of this research was to reduce digestion rate of jasmine rice by coating burdock root extract on rice surface, using top-spay fluidized bed coating technique. Coating experiments were performed by spraying burdock root solution onto Jasmine rice kernels (Khao Dawk Mali-105; KDML), which had an initial moisture content of 11.6% wet basis, suspended in the fluidized bed. The experimental conditions were: solution spray rates of 31.7 mL/min, atomization pressure of 1.5 bar, spray time of 10 min, time of drying after spraying of 30 s, superficial air velocity of 3.2 m/s and drying temperatures of 60°C. The coated rice quality was evaluated in terms of the moisture content, texture, whiteness and digestion rate. The results showed that initial and final moisture contents of samples were the same in concentration 8% (v/v) and 10% (v/v). The texture was insignificantly changed from that of uncoated sample. The whiteness values were varied on concentration of burdock root extract. Coated samples were slower digested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=burdock%20root" title="burdock root">burdock root</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digestion" title=" digestion"> digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying" title=" drying"> drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title=" rice"> rice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60231/effect-of-burdock-root-extract-concentration-on-physiochemical-property-of-coated-jasmine-rice-by-using-top-spay-fluidized-bed-coating-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul 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