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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Macroscopisch niveau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Macroscopisch_niveau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microscopisch_niveau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microscopisch_niveau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Microscopisch niveau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microscopisch_niveau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Beschikbaar in 17 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurobiologie" title="Neurobiologie – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Neurobiologie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neyrobiologiya" title="Neyrobiologiya – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Neyrobiologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нейрабіялогія – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нейрабіялогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurobiologia" title="Neurobiologia – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Neurobiologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurobiologie" title="Neurobiologie – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neurobiologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervobiologio" title="Nervobiologio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nervobiologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurobiolog%C3%ADa" title="Neurobiología – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Neurobiología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurobioloogia" title="Neurobioloogia – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Neurobioloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurobiolox%C3%ADa" title="Neurobioloxía – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Neurobioloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B5%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Նյարդակենսաբանություն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նյարդակենսաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurobiologija" title="Neurobiologija – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Neurobiologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurobiologia" title="Neurobiologia – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Neurobiologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurobiologia" title="Neurobiologia – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Neurobiologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurobiologie" title="Neurobiologie – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Neurobiologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нейробиология – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нейробиология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="ประสาทชีววิทยา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประสาทชีววิทยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нейробіологія – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нейробіологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2728012#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><p><b>Neurobiologie</b> is de tak van de <a href="/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie">biologie</a> (met name de <a href="/wiki/Dierfysiologie" title="Dierfysiologie">dierfysiologie</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%B6tomie" title="Zoötomie">anatomie</a>) die de werking van het <a href="/wiki/Zenuwstelsel" title="Zenuwstelsel">zenuwstelsel</a> bestudeert, wel op twee verschillende niveaus: een <a href="/wiki/Macroscopische_schaal" title="Macroscopische schaal">macro-</a> en een <a href="/wiki/Microscoop" title="Microscoop">microscopisch</a> niveau. Deze twee niveaus hebben op hun beurt verschillende specifiekere sub-niveaus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Macroscopisch_niveau">Macroscopisch niveau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurobiologie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Macroscopisch niveau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurobiologie&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Macroscopisch niveau"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Kanizsa_triangle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Kanizsa_triangle.svg/260px-Kanizsa_triangle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Kanizsa_triangle.svg/390px-Kanizsa_triangle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Kanizsa_triangle.svg/520px-Kanizsa_triangle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Is er wel of niet een driehoek?</figcaption></figure><p> Op macroscopisch niveau, waar wordt gekeken naar structuren en processen in de <a href="/wiki/Hersenen" title="Hersenen">hersenen</a>, heeft de neurobiologie veel overlap met de <a href="/wiki/Psychologie" title="Psychologie">psychologie</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Neurowetenschap" title="Neurowetenschap">neurowetenschap</a>. Onderzoeken waarin deze disciplines elkaar raken richten zich vooral op de functie van bepaalde <a href="/wiki/Anatomie" title="Anatomie">anatomische</a> structuren, en op de processen die daarmee geassocieerd worden (<a href="/wiki/Cognitieve_psychologie" title="Cognitieve psychologie">cognitieve psychologie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Cognitieve_neurowetenschappen" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognitieve neurowetenschappen">cognitieve neurowetenschappen</a>). Een belangrijke structuur waar veel onderzoek naar verricht wordt is de <a href="/wiki/Hippocampus_(anatomie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippocampus (anatomie)">hippocampus</a>, die bijvoorbeeld een rol speelt in de werking van het ruimtelijk geheugen (waarmee je vanaf de supermarkt de weg terug naar huis vindt). Verder wordt er veel aandacht geschonken aan visuele <a href="/wiki/Perceptie" class="mw-redirect" title="Perceptie">perceptie</a>: het verwerken van de dingen die je ziet in je omgeving. Een voorbeeld hiervan is de figuur hiernaast waarin de informatie uit het plaatje geïnterpreteerd wordt door de hersenen. Hierdoor zie je een duidelijke driehoek, terwijl deze er niet echt is (alleen een suggestie van een driehoek). </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Microscopisch_niveau">Microscopisch niveau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurobiologie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Microscopisch niveau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurobiologie&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Microscopisch niveau"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Op microscopisch niveau wordt gekeken naar de transmissie (overdracht) tussen <a href="/wiki/Neuron" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuron">neuronen</a> in een neuronaal circuit (neurotransmissie). Belangrijke eigenschappen van neurotransmissie die bestudeerd worden zijn de <a href="/wiki/Actiepotentiaal" title="Actiepotentiaal">actiepotentiaal</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurotransmitter">neurotransmitters</a>. De actiepotentiaal is een teken dat een neuron geactiveerd wordt en een neurotransmitter is in staat om een actiepotentiaal te genereren. Onderzoek naar neurotransmitters heeft laten zien dat <a href="/wiki/Drug" title="Drug">drugs</a> de afgifte en afbraak van neurotransmitters beïnvloeden. Zo zorgt <a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA">MDMA</a> ervoor dat de afgifte van <a href="/wiki/Serotonine" title="Serotonine">serotonine</a> (5-HT) toeneemt. Door de effecten van gebruik te bestuderen kan gekeken worden naar de rol van serotonine in de hersenen. Hieruit blijkt bijvoorbeeld dat serotonine het geheugen aantast en daarnaast de <a href="/wiki/Gemoedstoestand" title="Gemoedstoestand">gemoedstoestand</a> van gebruikers beïnvloedt. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Biologie" data-expandtext="Uitklappen" data-collapsetext="Inklappen"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_biologie" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie biologie"><img 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1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_biologie&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Biologie" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie">Biologie</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="links" style="width:17em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Biochemie" title="Biochemie">Biochemie</a> & <a href="/wiki/Fysiologie" title="Fysiologie">fysiologie</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Bioanorganische_chemie" title="Bioanorganische chemie">Bioanorganische chemie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biofysica" title="Biofysica">Biofysica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Celfysiologie" title="Celfysiologie">Celfysiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Elektrofysiologie" title="Elektrofysiologie">Elektrofysiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Endocrinologie" title="Endocrinologie">Endocrinologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Glycobiologie" title="Glycobiologie">Glycobiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Immunologie" title="Immunologie">Immunologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Immuunhistochemie" title="Immuunhistochemie">Immuunhistochemie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klinische_biologie" title="Klinische biologie">Klinische biologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moleculaire_biologie" title="Moleculaire biologie">Moleculaire biologie</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neurobiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neurofysiologie" title="Neurofysiologie">Neurofysiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ontwikkelingsfysiologie" title="Ontwikkelingsfysiologie">Ontwikkelingsfysiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plantenfysiologie" title="Plantenfysiologie">Plantenfysiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Radiobiologie" title="Radiobiologie">Radiobiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Spierfysiologie" title="Spierfysiologie">Spierfysiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Toxicologie" title="Toxicologie">Toxicologie</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Genetica" title="Genetica">Genetica</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Cytogenetica" title="Cytogenetica">Cytogenetica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Epigenetica" title="Epigenetica">Epigenetica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Farmacogenetica" title="Farmacogenetica">Farmacogenetica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gedragsgenetica" title="Gedragsgenetica">Gedragsgenetica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Genomica" title="Genomica">Genomica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Optogenetica" title="Optogenetica">Optogenetica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paleogenetica" title="Paleogenetica">Paleogenetica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Populatiegenetica" title="Populatiegenetica">Populatiegenetica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Synthetische_biologie" title="Synthetische biologie">Synthetische biologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Toxicogenomica" title="Toxicogenomica">Toxicogenomica</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Morfologie_(biologie)" title="Morfologie (biologie)">Morfologie</a> & <a href="/wiki/Anatomie" title="Anatomie">anatomie</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Celbiologie" title="Celbiologie">Celbiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Embryologie" title="Embryologie">Embryologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Histologie" title="Histologie">Histologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Morfologie_(biologie)" title="Morfologie (biologie)">Morfologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ontwikkelingsbiologie" title="Ontwikkelingsbiologie">Ontwikkelingsbiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plantenanatomie" title="Plantenanatomie">Plantenanatomie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plantenmorfologie" title="Plantenmorfologie">Plantenmorfologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%B6tomie" title="Zoötomie">Zoötomie</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Ecologie" title="Ecologie">Ecologie</a> & <a href="/wiki/Gedrag" title="Gedrag">gedrag</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Aerobiologie" title="Aerobiologie">Aerobiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Astrobiologie" title="Astrobiologie">Astrobiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Epidemiologie" title="Epidemiologie">Epidemiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ecosysteem" title="Ecosysteem">Ecosysteem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ethologie" title="Ethologie">Ethologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fenologie" title="Fenologie">Fenologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hydrobiologie" title="Hydrobiologie">Hydrobiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Histologie" title="Histologie">Histologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Levensgemeenschap" title="Levensgemeenschap">Levensgemeenschap</a> · <a href="/wiki/Limnologie" title="Limnologie">Limnologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mariene_biologie" title="Mariene biologie">Mariene biologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Populatie_(biologie)" title="Populatie (biologie)">populatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vegetatiezonering_in_gebergten" title="Vegetatiezonering in gebergten">Montane ecologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Parasitologie" title="Parasitologie">Parasitologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Populatiebiologie" title="Populatiebiologie">Populatiebiologie · Populatiedynamica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Syntaxonomie" title="Syntaxonomie">Syntaxonomie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vegetatiekunde" title="Vegetatiekunde">Vegetatiekunde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Voedselketen" title="Voedselketen">Voedselketen</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Systematiek_(biologie)" title="Systematiek (biologie)">Systematiek</a> & <a href="/wiki/Evolutietheorie" title="Evolutietheorie">evolutietheorie</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Bio-informatica" title="Bio-informatica">Bio-informatica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chemotaxonomie" title="Chemotaxonomie">Chemotaxonomie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cladistiek" title="Cladistiek">Cladistiek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fylogenie" title="Fylogenie">Fylogenie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Generatiewisseling" title="Generatiewisseling">Generatiewisseling</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kernfasewisseling" title="Kernfasewisseling">Kernfasewisseling</a> · <a href="/wiki/Levenscyclus" title="Levenscyclus">Levenscyclus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Metamorfose_(biologie)" title="Metamorfose (biologie)">Metamorfose</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paleontologie" title="Paleontologie">Paleontologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fylogenetische_stamboom" title="Fylogenetische stamboom">Stamboom</a> · <a href="/wiki/Synthetische_biologie" title="Synthetische biologie">Synthetische biologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Systeembiologie" title="Systeembiologie">Systeembiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Taxonomie_(biologie)" title="Taxonomie (biologie)">Taxonomie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Voortplanting_(biologie)" title="Voortplanting (biologie)">Voortplanting</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Bijzondere_biologie" title="Bijzondere biologie">Bijzondere biologie</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Arachnologie" title="Arachnologie">Arachnologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Acarologie" title="Acarologie">Acarologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bryologie" title="Bryologie">Bryologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Entomologie" title="Entomologie">Entomologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fycologie" title="Fycologie">Fycologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Herpetologie" title="Herpetologie">Herpetologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ichtyologie" title="Ichtyologie">Ichtyologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lichenologie" title="Lichenologie">Lichenologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Malacologie" title="Malacologie">Malacologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mammalogie" title="Mammalogie">Mammalogie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Microbiologie" title="Microbiologie">Microbiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mycologie" title="Mycologie">Mycologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ornithologie" title="Ornithologie">Ornithologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plantkunde" title="Plantkunde">Plantkunde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Varens" title="Varens">Pteridologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Virologie" title="Virologie">Virologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%B6logie" title="Zoölogie">Zoölogie</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie">Biogeografie</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Biogeologie" title="Biogeologie">Biogeologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eilandbiogeografie" title="Eilandbiogeografie">Eilandbiogeografie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Endemie_(biogeografie)" title="Endemie (biogeografie)">Endemisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Floristiek" title="Floristiek">Floristiek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kolonisatie_(biologie)" title="Kolonisatie (biologie)">Kolonisatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kosmopolitische_verspreiding" title="Kosmopolitische verspreiding">Kosmopolitische verspreiding</a> · <a href="/wiki/Migratie_(dieren)" title="Migratie (dieren)">Migratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Uitsterven" title="Uitsterven">Uitsterven</a> · <a href="/wiki/Verspreidingsgebied" title="Verspreidingsgebied">Verspreidingsgebied</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Mens_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mens (hoofdbetekenis)">Mens</a> & <a href="/wiki/Milieu" title="Milieu">milieu</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Biologische_antropologie" title="Biologische antropologie">Biologische antropologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biologische_psychologie" title="Biologische psychologie">Biologische psychologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biomedische_wetenschappen" title="Biomedische wetenschappen">Biomedische wetenschappen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biotechnologie" title="Biotechnologie">Biotechnologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Medische_biologie" title="Medische biologie">Medische biologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Menselijke_biologie" title="Menselijke biologie">Menselijke biologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Milieubiologie" title="Milieubiologie">Milieubiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Psychobiologie" title="Psychobiologie">Psychobiologie</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="interProject wiktionary mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a 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