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id="toc-Mass_market_and_industrialization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_market_and_industrialization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Mass market and industrialization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_market_and_industrialization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consumption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consumption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Consumption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consumption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Producers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Producers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Producers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Producers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Health concerns</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health_concerns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Health concerns subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Health_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Obesity_and_weight-related_diseases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obesity_and_weight-related_diseases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Obesity and weight-related diseases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obesity_and_weight-related_diseases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dental_decay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dental_decay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Dental decay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dental_decay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bone_density_and_bone_loss" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bone_density_and_bone_loss"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Bone density and bone loss</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bone_density_and_bone_loss-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Benzene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Benzene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Benzene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Benzene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kidney_stones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kidney_stones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Kidney stones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kidney_stones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mortality,_circulatory_and_digestive_diseases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mortality,_circulatory_and_digestive_diseases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Mortality, circulatory and digestive diseases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mortality,_circulatory_and_digestive_diseases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Government regulation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_regulation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government regulation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Taxation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attempted_ban" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attempted_ban"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Attempted ban</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attempted_ban-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Soft drink</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koeldrank" title="Koeldrank – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koeldrank" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="مشروب غازي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مشروب غازي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refresco" title="Refresco – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Refresco" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrescu" title="Refrescu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Refrescu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="কোমল পানীয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোমল পানীয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuman_hampul" title="Minuman hampul – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Minuman hampul" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%AC-ch%C3%BAi" title="Khì-chúi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khì-chúi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95" title="कोल्ड ड्रिंक – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कोल्ड ड्रिंक" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inomon_na_pampalipot" title="Inomon na pampalipot – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Inomon na pampalipot" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="རླངས་ཆུ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རླངས་ཆུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refresc" title="Refresc – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Refresc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limon%C3%A1da" title="Limonáda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Limonáda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diod_feddal" title="Diod feddal – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Diod feddal" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodavand" title="Sodavand – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sodavand" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erfrischungsgetr%C3%A4nk" title="Erfrischungsgetränk – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erfrischungsgetränk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karastusjook" title="Karastusjook – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Karastusjook" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%88%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Αναψυκτικό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αναψυκτικό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaseosa" title="Gaseosa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gaseosa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refre%C5%9Diga%C4%B5o" title="Refreŝigaĵo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Refreŝigaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freskagarri" title="Freskagarri – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Freskagarri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87" title="نوشابه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوشابه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda" title="Soda – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Soda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EB%9F%89_%EC%9D%8C%EB%A3%8C" title="청량 음료 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="청량 음료" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%B9_%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%81_%D5%A8%D5%B4%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ոչ ոգելից ըմպելիքներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ոչ ոգելից ըմպելիքներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF" title="शीतल पेय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शीतल पेय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazirano_pi%C4%87e" title="Gazirano piće – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gazirano piće" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuman_ringan" title="Minuman ringan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Minuman ringan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%83%E1%92%A5%E1%92%90%E1%96%85" title="ᐃᒥᒐᖅ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐃᒥᒐᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imi%C4%A1aaq" title="Imiġaaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Imiġaaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gosdrykkur" title="Gosdrykkur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gosdrykkur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibita" title="Bibita – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bibita" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%9C" title="משקה קל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משקה קל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drink" title="Soft drink – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Soft drink" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saremen%C3%AE" title="Saremenî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Saremenî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potio_refrigeratoria" title="Potio refrigeratoria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Potio refrigeratoria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaivusis_g%C4%97rimas" title="Gaivusis gėrimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gaivusis gėrimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cd%C3%ADt%C5%91ital" title="Üdítőital – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Üdítőital" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuman_ringan" title="Minuman ringan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Minuman ringan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzopel%C4%81tl" title="Tzopelātl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tzopelātl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisdrank" title="Frisdrank – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frisdrank" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%95%E3%83%88%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF" title="ソフトドリンク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソフトドリンク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brus" title="Brus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brus" title="Brus – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Brus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B2da" title="Sòda – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sòda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirtsiz_ichimliklar" title="Spirtsiz ichimliklar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Spirtsiz ichimliklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerante" title="Refrigerante – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Refrigerante" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83utur%C4%83_r%C4%83coritoare" title="Băutură răcoritoare – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Băutură răcoritoare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Освежающий напиток – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Освежающий напиток" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="सिद्धपेयम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सिद्धपेयम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Define:Saft_drink" title="Define:Saft drink – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Define:Saft drink" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drink" title="Soft drink – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Soft drink" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabitaan_fudud" title="Cabitaan fudud – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Cabitaan fudud" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="خواردنەوەی گازی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خواردنەوەی گازی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%9B%D0%B5" title="Газирано пиће – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Газирано пиће" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazirano_pi%C4%87e" title="Gazirano piće – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gazirano piće" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virvoitusjuoma" title="Virvoitusjuoma – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Virvoitusjuoma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4skedryck" title="Läskedryck – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Läskedryck" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuming_pampalamig" title="Inuming pampalamig – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Inuming pampalamig" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="కోలా పానీయాలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కోలా పానీయాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1" title="น้ำอัดลม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="น้ำอัดลม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%9Frubat" title="Meşrubat – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Meşrubat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Газований напій – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Газований напій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8" title="ہلکا مشروب – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہلکا مشروب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_ng%E1%BB%8Dt_c%C3%B3_ga" title="Nước ngọt có ga – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nước ngọt có ga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopdrink" title="Sopdrink – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sopdrink" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E9%A5%AE%E6%96%99" title="软饮料 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="软饮料" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%87%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E5%98%A2%E9%A3%B2" title="冇酒精嘢飲 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="冇酒精嘢飲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E6%80%A7%E9%A3%B2%E6%96%99" title="軟性飲料 – Chinese" lang="zh" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Soda pop" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Soda_pop_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Soda pop (disambiguation)">Soda pop (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tumbler_of_cola_with_ice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Tumbler_of_cola_with_ice.jpg/220px-Tumbler_of_cola_with_ice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Tumbler_of_cola_with_ice.jpg/330px-Tumbler_of_cola_with_ice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Tumbler_of_cola_with_ice.jpg/440px-Tumbler_of_cola_with_ice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption>A glass of <a href="/wiki/Cola" title="Cola">cola</a> served with <a href="/wiki/Ice_cube" title="Ice cube">ice cubes</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:016_Coca-Cola_vending_machine_at_Kyoto_Station,_Japan_-_%E3%82%B3%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9_%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E8%B2%A9%E5%A3%B2%E6%A9%9F.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/016_Coca-Cola_vending_machine_at_Kyoto_Station%2C_Japan_-_%E3%82%B3%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9_%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E8%B2%A9%E5%A3%B2%E6%A9%9F.JPG/220px-016_Coca-Cola_vending_machine_at_Kyoto_Station%2C_Japan_-_%E3%82%B3%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9_%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E8%B2%A9%E5%A3%B2%E6%A9%9F.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/016_Coca-Cola_vending_machine_at_Kyoto_Station%2C_Japan_-_%E3%82%B3%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9_%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E8%B2%A9%E5%A3%B2%E6%A9%9F.JPG/330px-016_Coca-Cola_vending_machine_at_Kyoto_Station%2C_Japan_-_%E3%82%B3%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9_%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E8%B2%A9%E5%A3%B2%E6%A9%9F.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/016_Coca-Cola_vending_machine_at_Kyoto_Station%2C_Japan_-_%E3%82%B3%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9_%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E8%B2%A9%E5%A3%B2%E6%A9%9F.JPG/440px-016_Coca-Cola_vending_machine_at_Kyoto_Station%2C_Japan_-_%E3%82%B3%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9_%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E8%B2%A9%E5%A3%B2%E6%A9%9F.JPG 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="805" /></a><figcaption>Soft drink <a href="/wiki/Vending_machine" title="Vending machine">vending machine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>soft drink</b> (see <a href="#Terminology">§ Terminology</a> for other names) is any water-based flavored <a href="/wiki/Drink" title="Drink">drink</a>, usually but not necessarily <a href="/wiki/Carbonated_water" title="Carbonated water">carbonated</a>, and typically including added <a href="/wiki/Sweetness" title="Sweetness">sweetener</a>. Flavors used can be natural or <a href="/wiki/Artificial_Flavoring" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial Flavoring">artificial</a>. The sweetener may be a <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/High-fructose_corn_syrup" title="High-fructose corn syrup">high-fructose corn syrup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruit_juice" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruit juice">fruit juice</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Sugar_substitute" title="Sugar substitute">sugar substitute</a> (in the case of <a href="/wiki/Diet_soda" title="Diet soda">diet sodas</a>), or some combination of these. Soft drinks may also contain <a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">caffeine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Food_coloring" title="Food coloring">colorings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preservative" title="Preservative">preservatives</a> and other ingredients. </p><p>Soft drinks are called "soft" in contrast with "hard" <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic beverages">alcoholic drinks</a>. Small amounts of <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a> may be present in a soft drink, but the <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">alcohol content</a> must be less than 0.5% of the total volume of the drink in many countries and localities<sup id="cite_ref-ECFE_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECFE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alcoholfree.co.uk_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alcoholfree.co.uk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> if the drink is to be considered <a href="/wiki/Non-alcoholic_drink" title="Non-alcoholic drink">non-alcoholic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Types of soft drinks include <a href="/wiki/Lemon-lime_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemon-lime drink">lemon-lime drinks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_soda" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange soda">orange soda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cola" title="Cola">cola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grape_soda" class="mw-redirect" title="Grape soda">grape soda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cream_soda" title="Cream soda">cream soda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginger_ale" title="Ginger ale">ginger ale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Root_beer" title="Root beer">root beer</a>. </p><p>Soft drinks may be served cold, over <a href="/wiki/Ice_cube" title="Ice cube">ice cubes</a>, or at room <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a>. They are available in many container formats, including <a href="/wiki/Soda_can" class="mw-redirect" title="Soda can">cans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glass_bottles" class="mw-redirect" title="Glass bottles">glass bottles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Plastic_bottles" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic bottles">plastic bottles</a>. Containers come in a variety of sizes, ranging from small bottles to large multi-liter containers. Soft drinks are widely available at <a href="/wiki/Fast_food_restaurant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast food restaurant">fast food restaurants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Movie_theater" title="Movie theater">movie theaters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store">convenience stores</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casual-dining_restaurants" class="mw-redirect" title="Casual-dining restaurants">casual-dining restaurants</a>, dedicated <a href="/wiki/Soda_store" class="mw-redirect" title="Soda store">soda stores</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vending_machine" title="Vending machine">vending machines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bar_(establishment)" title="Bar (establishment)">bars</a> from <a href="/wiki/Soda_fountain" title="Soda fountain">soda fountain</a> machines. </p><p>Within a decade of the invention of carbonated water by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Joseph Priestley</a> in 1767, inventors in Europe had used his concept to produce the drink in greater quantities. One such inventor, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Jacob_Schweppe" title="Johann Jacob Schweppe">J. J. Schweppe</a>, formed <a href="/wiki/Schweppes" title="Schweppes">Schweppes</a> in 1783 and began selling the world's first bottled soft drink.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Atlantic_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlantic-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soft drink brands founded in the 19th century include <a href="/wiki/R._White%27s_Lemonade" class="mw-redirect" title="R. White's Lemonade">R. White's Lemonade</a> in 1845, <a href="/wiki/Dr_Pepper" title="Dr Pepper">Dr Pepper</a> in 1885 and <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> in 1886. Subsequent brands include <a href="/wiki/Pepsi" title="Pepsi">Pepsi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irn-Bru" title="Irn-Bru">Irn-Bru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sprite_(drink)" title="Sprite (drink)">Sprite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fanta" title="Fanta">Fanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/7_Up" title="7 Up">7 Up</a> and <a href="/wiki/RC_Cola" title="RC Cola">RC Cola</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Names_for_soft_drinks_in_the_United_States" title="Names for soft drinks in the United States">Names for soft drinks in the United States</a></div> <p>The term "soft drink" is a category in the beverage industry, and is broadly used in product labeling and on restaurant menus, generally a <a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism">euphemistic term</a> meaning <a href="/wiki/Non-alcoholic_drink" title="Non-alcoholic drink">non-alcoholic</a>. However, in many countries such drinks are more commonly referred to by regional names, including <i>pop</i>, <i>cool drink</i>, <i>fizzy drink, <a href="/wiki/Cola" title="Cola">cola</a>, soda, or soda pop</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-dialect_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialect-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-irish_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irish-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other less-used terms include <i>carbonated drink</i>, <i>fizzy juice</i>, <i>lolly water</i>, <i>seltzer</i>, <i>coke</i>, <i>tonic</i>, and <i>mineral</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the high sugar content in typical soft drinks, they may also be called <i>sugary drinks</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, the 2003 <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> Dialect Survey<sup id="cite_ref-dialect_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialect-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tracked the usage of the nine most common names. Over half of the survey respondents preferred the term "soda", which was dominant in the Northeastern United States, California, and the areas surrounding Milwaukee and St. Louis. The term "pop", which was preferred by 25% of the respondents, was most popular in the Midwest and Pacific Northwest, while the <a href="/wiki/Genericized_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Genericized trademark">genericized trademark</a> "coke", used by 12% of the respondents, was most popular in the Southern United States.<sup id="cite_ref-dialect_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialect-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "tonic" is distinctive to eastern <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, although its use is declining.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the English-speaking parts of Canada, the term "pop" is prevalent, but "soft drink" is the most common English term used in Montreal.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the term "fizzy drink" is common. "Pop" and "fizzy pop" are used in Northern England, South Wales, and the Midlands<sup id="cite_ref-BestBrit_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BestBrit-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while "mineral"<sup id="cite_ref-irish_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irish-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is used in Ireland. In Scotland, "fizzy juice" or even simply "juice" is colloquially encountered, as is "ginger".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Australia and New Zealand, "soft drink"<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "fizzy drink" is typically used.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">South African English</a>, "cool drink" is any soft drink.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In other languages, various names are used: descriptive names as "non-alcoholic beverages", equivalents of "soda water", or generalized names. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemian</a> variant of the <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech language</a> (but not <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravian</a> dialects) uses "limonáda" for all such beverages, not only those made from lemons.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak language</a> uses "malinovka" ("raspberry water") for all such beverages, not only for raspberry ones.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origins of soft drinks lie in the development of fruit-flavored drinks. In the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">medieval Middle East</a>, a variety of fruit-flavored soft drinks were widely drunk, such as <a href="/wiki/Sharbat_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharbat (beverage)">sharbat</a>, and were often sweetened with ingredients such as <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syrup" title="Syrup">syrup</a> and <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a>. Other common ingredients included <a href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">lemon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">pomegranate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">tamarind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jujube" title="Jujube">jujube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumac" title="Sumac">sumac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musk" title="Musk">musk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">mint</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a>. Middle Eastern drinks later became <a href="/wiki/Islamic_contributions_to_Medieval_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic contributions to Medieval Europe">popular in medieval Europe</a>, where the word "syrup" was derived from <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Tudor_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudor England">Tudor England</a>, 'water imperial' was widely drunk; it was a sweetened drink with lemon flavor and containing <a href="/wiki/Cream_of_tartar" class="mw-redirect" title="Cream of tartar">cream of tartar</a>. 'Manays Cryste' was a sweetened cordial flavored with rosewater, violets or cinnamon.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmins_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmins-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another early type of soft drink was <a href="/wiki/Lemonade" title="Lemonade">lemonade</a>, made of water and lemon juice sweetened with honey, but without carbonated water. The <i>Compagnie des Limonadiers</i> of Paris was granted a monopoly for the sale of lemonade soft drinks in 1676. Vendors carried tanks of lemonade on their backs and dispensed cups of the soft drink to Parisians.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carbonated_drinks"><span class="anchor" id="Carbonation_anchor">Carbonated drinks</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Carbonated drinks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soda_bubbles_macro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Soda_bubbles_macro.jpg/220px-Soda_bubbles_macro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Soda_bubbles_macro.jpg/330px-Soda_bubbles_macro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Soda_bubbles_macro.jpg/440px-Soda_bubbles_macro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Bubbles of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> float to the surface of a <a href="/wiki/Carbonated_water" title="Carbonated water">carbonated</a> soft drink.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Carbonated_soft_drink_-_japan_-_2022_oct_20.webm/220px--Carbonated_soft_drink_-_japan_-_2022_oct_20.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="18" data-mwtitle="Carbonated_soft_drink_-_japan_-_2022_oct_20.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Carbonated_soft_drink_-_japan_-_2022_oct_20.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Carbonated_soft_drink_-_japan_-_2022_oct_20.webm/Carbonated_soft_drink_-_japan_-_2022_oct_20.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Carbonated_soft_drink_-_japan_-_2022_oct_20.webm/Carbonated_soft_drink_-_japan_-_2022_oct_20.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Carbonated_soft_drink_-_japan_-_2022_oct_20.webm/Carbonated_soft_drink_-_japan_-_2022_oct_20.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Carbonated_soft_drink_-_japan_-_2022_oct_20.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="3840" data-height="2160" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Carbonated_soft_drink_-_japan_-_2022_oct_20.webm/Carbonated_soft_drink_-_japan_-_2022_oct_20.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Carbonated_soft_drink_-_japan_-_2022_oct_20.webm/Carbonated_soft_drink_-_japan_-_2022_oct_20.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Carbonated_soft_drink_-_japan_-_2022_oct_20.webm/Carbonated_soft_drink_-_japan_-_2022_oct_20.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Carbonated_soft_drink_-_japan_-_2022_oct_20.webm/Carbonated_soft_drink_-_japan_-_2022_oct_20.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Carbonation moving through a drink, disturbing the ice in a glass</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Carbonated drinks</b> or <b>fizzy drinks</b> are beverages that consist mainly of <a href="/wiki/Carbonated_water" title="Carbonated water">carbonated water</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution (chemistry)">dissolution</a> of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> (CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub>) in a <a href="/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid">liquid</a>, gives rise to <i><a href="/wiki/Effervescence" title="Effervescence">effervescence</a></i> or <i>fizz</i>. Carbon dioxide is only weakly soluble in water; therefore, it separates into a <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> when the pressure is released. The process usually involves injecting carbon dioxide under high pressure. When the pressure is removed, the carbon dioxide is released from the solution as small bubbles, which causes the solution to become effervescent, or fizzy. </p><p>Carbonated beverages are prepared by mixing flavored syrup with carbonated water. Carbonation levels range up to 5 volumes of CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> per liquid volume. <a href="/wiki/Ginger_ale" title="Ginger ale">Ginger ale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cola" title="Cola">colas</a>, and related drinks are carbonated with 3.5 volumes. Other drinks, often fruity ones, are carbonated less.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Priestley_Joseph_pneumatic_trough.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Engraving of assorted scientific equipment, such as a pneumatic trough. A dead mouse rests under one glass canister." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Priestley_Joseph_pneumatic_trough.jpg/220px-Priestley_Joseph_pneumatic_trough.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Priestley_Joseph_pneumatic_trough.jpg/330px-Priestley_Joseph_pneumatic_trough.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Priestley_Joseph_pneumatic_trough.jpg/440px-Priestley_Joseph_pneumatic_trough.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="875" /></a><figcaption>Equipment used by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Joseph Priestley</a> in his experiments on gases and the carbonation of water</figcaption></figure> <p>In the late 18th century, scientists made important progress in replicating naturally carbonated <a href="/wiki/Mineral_water" title="Mineral water">mineral waters</a>. In 1767, Englishman <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Joseph Priestley</a> first discovered a method of infusing water with carbon dioxide to make carbonated water<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when he suspended a bowl of distilled water above a beer vat at a local brewery in <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>, England. His invention of carbonated water (later known as <i>soda water</i>, for the use of <a href="/wiki/Soda_powder" class="mw-redirect" title="Soda powder">soda powders</a> in its commercial manufacture) is the major and defining component of most soft drinks.<sup id="cite_ref-truetex.com_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-truetex.com-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Priestley found that water treated in this manner had a pleasant taste, and he offered it to his friends as a refreshing drink. In 1772, Priestley published a paper entitled <i>Impregnating Water with Fixed Air</i> in which he describes dripping <i>oil of vitriol</i> (or <a href="/wiki/Sulphuric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulphuric acid">sulfuric acid</a> as it is now called) onto <a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">chalk</a> to produce carbon dioxide gas and encouraging the gas to dissolve into an agitated bowl of water.<sup id="cite_ref-truetex.com_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-truetex.com-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:29%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"Within a decade, inventors in Britain and in Europe had taken Priestley's basic idea—get some "fixed air," mix it with water, shake—and created contraptions that could make carbonated water more quickly, in greater quantities. One of those inventors was named Johann Jacob Schweppe, who sold bottled soda water and whose business is still around today." </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">"The great soda-water shake up" (October 2014) <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Atlantic_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlantic-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>Another Englishman, <a href="/wiki/John_Mervin_Nooth" title="John Mervin Nooth">John Mervin Nooth</a>, improved Priestley's design and sold his apparatus for commercial use in pharmacies. Swedish chemist <a href="/wiki/Torbern_Bergman" title="Torbern Bergman">Torbern Bergman</a> invented a generating apparatus that made carbonated water from chalk by the use of sulfuric acid. Bergman's apparatus allowed imitation mineral water to be produced in large amounts. Swedish chemist <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius">Jöns Jacob Berzelius</a> started to add flavors (spices, juices, and wine) to carbonated water in the late eighteenth century. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_(apothecary)" title="Thomas Henry (apothecary)">Thomas Henry</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Apothecary" title="Apothecary">apothecary</a> from Manchester, was the first to sell artificial mineral water to the general public for medicinal purposes, beginning in the 1770s. His recipe for 'Bewley's Mephitic Julep' consisted of 3 <a href="/wiki/Dram_(unit)" title="Dram (unit)">drachms</a> of fossil alkali to a <a href="/wiki/Quart" title="Quart">quart</a> of water, and the manufacture had to 'throw in streams of fixed air until all the alkaline taste is destroyed'.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmins_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmins-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jacob_Schweppe" title="Johann Jacob Schweppe">Johann Jacob Schweppe</a> developed a process to manufacture bottled carbonated mineral water.<sup id="cite_ref-Atlantic_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlantic-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He founded the <a href="/wiki/Schweppes" title="Schweppes">Schweppes</a> Company in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> in 1783 to sell carbonated water,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and relocated his business to London in 1792. His drink soon gained in popularity; among his newfound patrons was <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Darwin" title="Erasmus Darwin">Erasmus Darwin</a>. In 1843, the Schweppes company commercialized <a href="/wiki/Malvern_Water" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvern Water">Malvern Water</a> at the Holywell Spring in the Malvern Hills, and received a <a href="/wiki/Royal_warrant_of_appointment_(United_Kingdom)" title="Royal warrant of appointment (United Kingdom)">royal warrant</a> from King William IV.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was not long before flavoring was combined with carbonated water. The earliest reference to carbonated <a href="/wiki/Ginger_beer" title="Ginger beer">ginger beer</a> is in a <i>Practical Treatise on Brewing</i>. published in 1809. The drinking of either natural or artificial mineral water was considered at the time to be a healthy practice, and was promoted by advocates of <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">temperance</a>. Pharmacists selling mineral waters began to add herbs and chemicals to unflavored mineral water. They used birch bark (see <a href="/wiki/Birch_beer" title="Birch beer">birch beer</a>), <a href="/wiki/Dandelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dandelion">dandelion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smilax_regelii" class="mw-redirect" title="Smilax regelii">sarsaparilla root</a>, fruit extracts, and other substances. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phosphate_soda">Phosphate soda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phosphate soda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A variant of soda in the United States called "<a href="/wiki/Phosphate_soda" title="Phosphate soda">phosphate soda</a>" appeared in the late 1870s. It became one of the most popular soda fountain drinks from 1900 until the 1930s, with the lemon or orange phosphate being the most basic. The drink consists of 1 US fl oz (30 ml) fruit syrup, 1/2 teaspoon of <a href="/wiki/Phosphoric_acid" title="Phosphoric acid">phosphoric acid</a>, and enough carbonated water and ice to fill a glass. This drink was commonly served in pharmacies.<sup id="cite_ref-Phosphatesin_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phosphatesin-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mass_market_and_industrialization">Mass market and industrialization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mass market and industrialization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(1883)_SCHWEPPES_MINERAL-WATERS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%281883%29_SCHWEPPES_MINERAL-WATERS.jpg/220px-%281883%29_SCHWEPPES_MINERAL-WATERS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%281883%29_SCHWEPPES_MINERAL-WATERS.jpg/330px-%281883%29_SCHWEPPES_MINERAL-WATERS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%281883%29_SCHWEPPES_MINERAL-WATERS.jpg/440px-%281883%29_SCHWEPPES_MINERAL-WATERS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="932" data-file-height="935" /></a><figcaption>An 1883 advertisement for <a href="/wiki/Schweppes" title="Schweppes">Schweppes</a> Mineral-Waters</figcaption></figure> <p>Soft drinks soon outgrew their origins in the medical world and became a widely consumed product, available cheaply for the masses. By the 1840s, there were more than fifty soft drink manufacturers in London, an increase from just ten in the 1820s.<sup id="cite_ref-History_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carbonated <a href="/wiki/Lemonade" title="Lemonade">lemonade</a> was widely available in British refreshment stalls in 1833,<sup id="cite_ref-History_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1845, <a href="/wiki/R._White%27s_Lemonade" class="mw-redirect" title="R. White's Lemonade">R. White's Lemonade</a> went on sale in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the <a href="/wiki/Great_Exhibition" title="Great Exhibition">Great Exhibition</a> of 1851 held at <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London" title="Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park</a> in London, Schweppes was designated the official drink supplier and sold over a million bottles of lemonade, ginger beer, <a href="/wiki/Seltzer_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Seltzer water">Seltzer water</a> and soda-water.<sup id="cite_ref-History_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a Schweppes soda water fountain, situated directly at the entrance to the exhibition.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmins_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmins-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mixer drinks became popular in the second half of the century. <a href="/wiki/Tonic_water" title="Tonic water">Tonic water</a> was originally <a href="/wiki/Quinine" title="Quinine">quinine</a> added to water as a <a href="/wiki/Prophylaxis" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophylaxis">prophylactic</a> against <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> and was consumed by British officials stationed in the tropical areas of <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> and Africa. As the quinine powder was so bitter people began mixing the powder with soda and sugar, and a basic tonic water was created. The first commercial tonic water was produced in 1858.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Mixed_drink" title="Mixed drink">mixed drink</a> <a href="/wiki/Gin_and_tonic" title="Gin and tonic">gin and tonic</a> also originated in <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British colonial India</a>, when the British population would mix their medicinal quinine tonic with <a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">gin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmins_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmins-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Image-Codd_bottle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Image-Codd_bottle.jpg/170px-Image-Codd_bottle.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Image-Codd_bottle.jpg/255px-Image-Codd_bottle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Image-Codd_bottle.jpg/340px-Image-Codd_bottle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Codd-neck_bottle" title="Codd-neck bottle">Codd-neck bottle</a> invented in 1872 provided an effective seal, preventing the soft drinks from going 'flat'.</figcaption></figure> <p>A persistent problem in the soft drinks industry was the lack of an effective sealing of the bottles. Carbonated drink <a href="/wiki/Bottle" title="Bottle">bottles</a> are under great pressure from the gas, so inventors tried to find the best way to prevent the carbon dioxide or bubbles from escaping. The bottles could also explode if the pressure was too great. <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Codd" title="Hiram Codd">Hiram Codd</a> devised a patented <a href="/wiki/Bottling" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottling">bottling</a> machine while working at a small mineral water works in the <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Road_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caledonian Road (London)">Caledonian Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islington" title="Islington">Islington</a>, in London in 1870. His <a href="/wiki/Codd-neck_bottle" title="Codd-neck bottle">Codd-neck bottle</a> was designed to enclose a <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber">rubber</a> <a href="/wiki/Washer_(mechanical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washer (mechanical)">washer</a> in the neck. The bottles were filled upside down, and pressure of the gas in the bottle forced the marble against the washer, sealing in the carbonation. The bottle was pinched into a special shape to provide a chamber into which the marble was pushed to open the bottle. This prevented the marble from blocking the neck as the drink was poured.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmins_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmins-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> R. White's, by now the biggest soft drinks company in London and south-east England, featured a wide range of drinks on their price list in 1887, all of which were sold in Codd's glass bottles, with choices including strawberry soda, raspberry soda, cherryade and cream soda.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_utility_lines_in_1890.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/New_York_utility_lines_in_1890.jpg/170px-New_York_utility_lines_in_1890.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/New_York_utility_lines_in_1890.jpg/255px-New_York_utility_lines_in_1890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/New_York_utility_lines_in_1890.jpg/340px-New_York_utility_lines_in_1890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>New York in 1890. A street sign "SODA" is visible at the bottom left part of the image.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1892, the "<a href="/wiki/Crown_cork" title="Crown cork">Crown Cork Bottle Seal</a>" was patented by <a href="/wiki/William_Painter_(inventor)" title="William Painter (inventor)">William Painter</a>, a Baltimore, Maryland machine shop operator. It was the first bottle top to successfully keep the bubbles in the bottle. In 1899, the first patent was issued for a <a href="/wiki/Glass-blowing" class="mw-redirect" title="Glass-blowing">glass-blowing</a> machine for the automatic production of glass bottles. Earlier glass bottles had all been hand-blown. Four years later, the new bottle-blowing machine was in operation. It was first operated by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Owens" title="Michael Joseph Owens">Michael Owens</a>, an employee of Libby Glass Company. Within a few years, glass bottle production increased from 1,400 bottles a day to about 58,000 bottles a day. </p><p>In America, <a href="/wiki/Soda_fountain" title="Soda fountain">soda fountains</a> were initially more popular, and many Americans would frequent the soda fountain daily. Beginning in 1806, <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> chemistry professor <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Silliman" title="Benjamin Silliman">Benjamin Silliman</a> sold soda waters in <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>. He used a Nooth apparatus to produce his waters. Businessmen in Philadelphia and New York City also began selling soda water in the early 19th century. In the 1830s, <a href="/wiki/John_Matthews_(soda_water_manufacturer)" title="John Matthews (soda water manufacturer)">John Matthews</a> of New York City and John Lippincott of Philadelphia began manufacturing soda fountains. Both men were successful and built large factories for fabricating fountains. Due to problems in the U.S. glass industry, bottled drinks remained a small portion of the market throughout much of the 19th century. (However, they were known in England. In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tenant_of_Wildfell_Hall" title="The Tenant of Wildfell Hall">The Tenant of Wildfell Hall</a></i>, published in 1848, the caddish Huntingdon, recovering from months of debauchery, wakes at noon and gulps a bottle of soda-water.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p><p>In the early 20th century, sales of bottled soda increased greatly around the world, and in the second half of the 20th century, canned soft drinks became an important share of the market. During the 1920s, "Home-Paks" were invented. "Home-Paks" are the familiar <a href="/wiki/Carton" title="Carton">six-pack cartons</a> made from cardboard. <a href="/wiki/Vending_machine" title="Vending machine">Vending machines</a> also began to appear in the 1920s. Since then, soft drink vending machines have become increasingly popular. Both hot and cold drinks are sold in these self-service machines throughout the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consumption">Consumption</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Consumption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Per capita consumption of soda varies considerably around the world. As of 2014, the top consuming countries per capita were Argentina, the United States, Chile, and Mexico. Developed countries in Europe and elsewhere in the Americas had considerably lower consumption. Annual average consumption in the United States, at 153.5 liters, was about twice that in the United Kingdom (77.7) or Canada (85.3).<sup id="cite_ref-npr-consumption_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-consumption-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years, soda consumption has generally declined in the West. According to one estimate, per capita consumption in the United States reached its peak in 1998 and has continually fallen since.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study in the journal <i><a href="/wiki/Obesity_(journal)" title="Obesity (journal)">Obesity</a></i> found that from 2003 to 2014 the proportion of Americans who drank a sugary beverage on a given day fell from approximately 62% to 50% for adults, and from 80% to 61% for children.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decrease has been attributed to, among other factors, an increased awareness of the dangers of obesity, and government efforts to improve diets. </p><p>At the same time, soda consumption has increased in some low- or middle-income countries such as <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> as soda manufacturers increasingly target these markets and consumers have increasing discretionary income.<sup id="cite_ref-npr-consumption_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-consumption-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:7-Up_Bottlers_Flavor_jug.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A large green jug" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/7-Up_Bottlers_Flavor_jug.jpg/220px-7-Up_Bottlers_Flavor_jug.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/7-Up_Bottlers_Flavor_jug.jpg/330px-7-Up_Bottlers_Flavor_jug.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/7-Up_Bottlers_Flavor_jug.jpg/440px-7-Up_Bottlers_Flavor_jug.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A mid-20th century jug of bottler's flavor for <a href="/wiki/7_Up" title="7 Up">7-Up.</a> The syrup-like concentrate lacked sugar and was sold to franchisees in such glass containers to produce the soft drink for retail sale.</figcaption></figure> <p>Soft drinks are made by mixing dry or fresh ingredients with water. Production of soft drinks can be done at factories or at home. Soft drinks can be made at home by mixing a <a href="/wiki/Syrup" title="Syrup">syrup</a> or dry ingredients with carbonated water, or by Lacto-fermentation. Syrups are commercially sold by companies such as <a href="/wiki/Soda-Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Soda-Club">Soda-Club</a>; dry ingredients are often sold in pouches, in a style of the popular U.S. drink mix <a href="/wiki/Kool-Aid" title="Kool-Aid">Kool-Aid</a>. Carbonated water is made using a <a href="/wiki/Soda_siphon" title="Soda siphon">soda siphon</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Home_carbonation_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Home carbonation system">home carbonation system</a> or by dropping dry ice into water. Food-grade carbon dioxide, used for carbonating drinks, often comes from <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a> plants.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Drinks like <a href="/wiki/Ginger_ale" title="Ginger ale">ginger ale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Root_beer" title="Root beer">root beer</a> are often brewed using <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a> to cause <a href="/wiki/Carbonation" title="Carbonation">carbonation</a>. </p><p>Of most importance is that the ingredient meets the agreed specification on all major parameters. This is not only the functional parameter (in other words, the level of the major constituent), but the level of impurities, the microbiological status, and physical parameters such as color, particle size, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some soft drinks contain measurable amounts of alcohol. In some older preparations, this resulted from natural fermentation used to build the carbonation. In the United States, soft drinks (as well as other products such as <a href="/wiki/Low-alcohol_beer" title="Low-alcohol beer">non-alcoholic beer</a>) are allowed by law to contain up to 0.5% <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">alcohol by volume</a>. Modern drinks introduce carbon dioxide for carbonation, but there is some speculation that alcohol might result from fermentation of sugars in a non-sterile environment. A small amount of alcohol is introduced in some soft drinks where alcohol is used in the preparation of the flavoring extracts such as <a href="/wiki/Vanilla_extract" title="Vanilla extract">vanilla extract</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Producers">Producers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Producers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_soft_drink_producers" title="List of soft drink producers">List of soft drink producers</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hartwall_Jaffa_Greippi_%26_Appelsiini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Hartwall_Jaffa_Greippi_%26_Appelsiini.jpg/170px-Hartwall_Jaffa_Greippi_%26_Appelsiini.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Hartwall_Jaffa_Greippi_%26_Appelsiini.jpg/255px-Hartwall_Jaffa_Greippi_%26_Appelsiini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Hartwall_Jaffa_Greippi_%26_Appelsiini.jpg/340px-Hartwall_Jaffa_Greippi_%26_Appelsiini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2154" data-file-height="3829" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jaffa_(drink)" title="Jaffa (drink)">Hartwall Jaffa</a> soft drinks</figcaption></figure> <p>Market control of the soft drink industry varies on a country-by-country basis. However, <a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company" title="The Coca-Cola Company">the Coca-Cola Company</a> remain the two largest producers of soft drinks in most regions of the world. In North America, <a href="/wiki/Keurig_Dr_Pepper" title="Keurig Dr Pepper">Keurig Dr Pepper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jones_Soda" title="Jones Soda">Jones Soda</a> also hold a significant amount of market share. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_concerns">Health concerns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Health concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Medical_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs more <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">reliable medical references</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a> or relies too heavily on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Primary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Primary sources">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please review the contents of the section and <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit">add the appropriate references</a> if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. <small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Soft+drink%22">"Soft drink"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Soft+drink%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Soft+drink%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Soft+drink%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Soft+drink%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Soft+drink%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/52px-Star_of_life.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/77px-Star_of_life.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/103px-Star_of_life.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="192" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The over-consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks is associated with <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Malik,_Schulze,_&_Hu_(2006)_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malik,_Schulze,_&_Hu_(2006)-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vartanian,_Schwartz,_&_Brownell_(2007)_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vartanian,_Schwartz,_&_Brownell_(2007)-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">hypertension</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus type 2">type 2 diabetes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-bmj_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmj-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dental_caries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental caries">dental caries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malnutrition" title="Malnutrition">low nutrient levels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vartanian,_Schwartz,_&_Brownell_(2007)_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vartanian,_Schwartz,_&_Brownell_(2007)-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few experimental studies reported the role sugar-sweetened soft drinks potentially contribute to these ailments,<sup id="cite_ref-Malik,_Schulze,_&_Hu_(2006)_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malik,_Schulze,_&_Hu_(2006)-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vartanian,_Schwartz,_&_Brownell_(2007)_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vartanian,_Schwartz,_&_Brownell_(2007)-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though other studies show conflicting information.<sup id="cite_ref-Gibson_(2008)_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibson_(2008)-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 2013 <a href="/wiki/Systematic_review" title="Systematic review">systematic review</a> of systematic reviews, 83.3% of the systematic reviews without reported <a href="/wiki/Conflicts_of_interest_in_academic_publishing" title="Conflicts of interest in academic publishing">conflict of interest</a> concluded that sugar-sweetened soft drinks consumption could be a potential risk factor for weight gain.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obesity_and_weight-related_diseases">Obesity and weight-related diseases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Obesity and weight-related diseases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1977 to 2002, Americans doubled their consumption of <a href="/wiki/Sweetened_beverage" title="Sweetened beverage">sweetened beverages</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—a trend that was paralleled by doubling the prevalence of obesity.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with weight and obesity, and changes in consumption can help predict changes in weight.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks can also be associated with many weight-related diseases, including diabetes,<sup id="cite_ref-bmj_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmj-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_syndrome" title="Metabolic syndrome">metabolic syndrome</a>, and cardiovascular risk factors.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dental_decay">Dental decay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Dental decay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soft_drink_shelf_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Soft_drink_shelf_2.jpg/220px-Soft_drink_shelf_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="414" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Soft_drink_shelf_2.jpg/330px-Soft_drink_shelf_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Soft_drink_shelf_2.jpg/440px-Soft_drink_shelf_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>Chilled soft drinks in a cooler in Brazil</figcaption></figure> <p>Most soft drinks contain high concentrations of simple <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>: <a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fructose" title="Fructose">fructose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sucrose" title="Sucrose">sucrose</a> and other simple sugars. If oral bacteria ferment <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a> and produce acids that may dissolve tooth enamel and induce dental decay, then sweetened drinks may increase the risk of <a href="/wiki/Dental_caries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental caries">dental caries</a>. The risk would be greater if the frequency of consumption is high.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A large number of soda pops are <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acidic</a> as are many fruits, sauces, and other foods. Drinking acidic drinks over a long period and continuous sipping may <a href="/wiki/Acid_erosion" class="mw-redirect" title="Acid erosion">erode the tooth enamel</a>. A 2007 study determined that some flavored sparkling waters are as erosive or more so than orange juice.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Using a <a href="/wiki/Drinking_straw" title="Drinking straw">drinking straw</a> is often advised by <a href="/wiki/Dentistry" title="Dentistry">dentists</a> as the drink does not come into as much contact with the teeth. It has also been suggested that <a href="/wiki/Oral_hygiene" title="Oral hygiene">brushing teeth</a> right after drinking soft drinks should be avoided as this can result in additional erosion to the teeth due to mechanical action of the toothbrush on weakened enamel.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bone_density_and_bone_loss">Bone density and bone loss</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bone density and bone loss"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2006 study of several thousand men and women, found that women who regularly drank cola-based sodas (three or more a day) had significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD) of about 4% in the hip compared to women who did not consume colas.<sup id="cite_ref-tucker_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tucker-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study found that the effect of regular consumption of cola sodas was not significant on men's BMD.<sup id="cite_ref-tucker_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tucker-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Benzene">Benzene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Benzene"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Benzene_in_soft_drinks" title="Benzene in soft drinks">Benzene in soft drinks</a></div> <p>In 2006, the United Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Food_Standards_Agency" title="Food Standards Agency">Food Standards Agency</a> published the results of its survey of <a href="/wiki/Benzene" title="Benzene">benzene</a> levels in soft drinks,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which tested 150 products and found that four contained benzene levels above the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) guidelines for drinking water. </p><p>The United States <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> released its own test results of several soft drinks containing <a href="/wiki/Benzoates" title="Benzoates">benzoates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ascorbic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascorbic acid">ascorbic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Erythorbic_acid" title="Erythorbic acid">erythorbic acid</a>. Five tested drinks contained benzene levels above the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency's</a> recommended standard of 5 <a href="/wiki/Parts_per_billion" class="mw-redirect" title="Parts per billion">ppb</a>. As of 2006, the FDA stated its belief that "the levels of benzene found in soft drinks and other beverages to date do not pose a safety concern for consumers".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kidney_stones">Kidney stones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Kidney stones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A study published in the <i>Clinical Journal of the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Nephrology" title="American Society of Nephrology">American Society of Nephrology</a></i> in 2013 concluded that consumption of soft drinks was associated with a 23% higher risk of developing <a href="/wiki/Kidney_stones" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidney stones">kidney stones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mortality,_circulatory_and_digestive_diseases"><span id="Mortality.2C_circulatory_and_digestive_diseases"></span>Mortality, circulatory and digestive diseases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mortality, circulatory and digestive diseases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a 2019 study of 451,743 Europeans, those who had a consumption of soft drinks of two or more a day,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had a greater chance of <a href="/wiki/Mortality_rate" title="Mortality rate">all-cause mortality</a> than those who drank less than one per month. People who drank artificially sweetened drinks had a higher risk of <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular diseases</a>, and people who drank sugar-sweetened drinks with <a href="/wiki/Digestive_Diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Digestive Diseases">digestive diseases</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_regulation">Government regulation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Government regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools">Schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since at least 2006, debate on whether high-calorie soft drink <a href="/wiki/Vending_machine" title="Vending machine">vending machines</a> should be allowed in schools has been on the rise. Opponents of the soft drink vending machines believe that soft drinks are a significant contributor to <a href="/wiki/Childhood_obesity" title="Childhood obesity">childhood obesity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tooth_decay" title="Tooth decay">tooth decay</a>, and that allowing soft drink sales in schools encourages children to believe they are safe to consume in moderate to large quantities.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opponents also argue that schools have a responsibility to look after the health of the children in their care, and that allowing children easy access to soft drinks violates that responsibility.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vending machine proponents believe that obesity is a complex issue and soft drinks are not the only cause.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2011 bill to tax soft drinks in California failed, with some opposing lawmakers arguing that parents—not the government—should be responsible for children's drink choices.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 3, 2006, the Alliance for a Healthier Generation,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cadbury_Schweppes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadbury Schweppes">Cadbury Schweppes</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company" title="The Coca-Cola Company">the Coca-Cola Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/American_Beverage_Association" title="American Beverage Association">American Beverage Association</a> announced new guidelines<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that will voluntarily remove high-calorie soft drinks from all U.S. schools. </p><p>On May 19, 2006, the British <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education_and_Skills" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Education and Skills">education secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Johnson" title="Alan Johnson">Alan Johnson</a>, announced new minimum nutrition standards for school food. Among a wide range of measures, from September 2006, school lunches will be free from carbonated drinks. Schools will also end the sale of junk food (including carbonated drinks) in vending machines and <a href="/wiki/Tuck_shop" title="Tuck shop">tuck shops</a>. </p><p>In 2008, Samantha K Graff published an article in the <i>Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science</i> regarding the "First Amendment Implications of Restricting Food and Beverages Marketing in Schools". The article examines a school district's policy regarding limiting the sale and marketing of soda in public schools, and how certain policies can invoke a violation of the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="First Amendment">First Amendment</a>. Due to district budget cuts and loss in state funding, many school districts allow commercial businesses to market and advertise their product (including junk food and soda) to public school students for additional revenue. Junk food and soda companies have acquired exclusive rights to vending machines throughout many public school campuses. Opponents of corporate marketing and advertising on school grounds urge school officials to restrict or limit a corporation's power to promote, market, and sell their product to school students. In the 1970s, the Supreme Court ruled that <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a> was not a form of <a href="/wiki/Free_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Free expression">free expression</a>, but a form of <a href="/wiki/Business_practices" class="mw-redirect" title="Business practices">business practices</a> which should be regulated by the government. In the 1976 case of <i>Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Supreme Court ruled that advertising, or "<a href="/wiki/Commercial_speech" title="Commercial speech">commercial speech</a>", to some degree is protected under the First Amendment. To avoid a First Amendment challenge by corporations, public schools could create contracts that restrict the sale of certain product and advertising. Public schools can also ban the selling of all food and drink products on campus, while not infringing on a corporation's right to free speech.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 13, 2010, President Obama signed the <a href="/wiki/Healthy,_Hunger-Free_Kids_Act_of_2010" title="Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010">Healthy Hunger Free Kids Act of 2010</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hunger-Free_Kids_Act_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunger-Free_Kids_Act-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (effective in 2014) that mandates schools that receive federal funding must offer healthy snacks and drinks to students. The act bans the selling of soft drinks to students and requires schools to provide healthier options such as water, unflavored low-fat milk, 100% fruit and vegetable drinks or sugar-free carbonated drinks. The portion sizes available to students will be based on age: eight ounces for elementary schools, twelve ounces for middle and high schools. Proponents of the act predict the new mandate it will make it easier for students to make healthy drink choices while at school.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunger-Free_Kids_Act_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunger-Free_Kids_Act-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, Terry-McElarth and colleagues published a study in the <i>American Journal of Preventive Medicine</i> on regular soda policies and their effect on school drink availability and student consumption. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of a program beginning in the 2014–2015 school year that requires schools participating in federally reimbursable meal programs to remove all competitive venues (a la carte cafeteria sales, vending machines, and stores/snack bars/carts), on the availability of unhealthy drinks at schools and student consumption. The study analyzed state- and school district-level policies mandating soda bans and found that state bans were associated with significantly lower school soda availability but district bans showed no significant associations. In addition, no significant correlation was observed between state policies and student consumption. Among student populations, state policy was directly associated with significantly lower school soda availability and indirectly associated with lower student consumption. The same was not observed for other student populations.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxation">Taxation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Taxation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sugary_drink_tax" title="Sugary drink tax">Sugary drink tax</a></div> <p>In the United States, legislators, health experts and consumer advocates are considering levying higher <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">taxes</a> on the sale of soft drinks and other sweetened products to help curb the epidemic of <a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_the_United_States" title="Obesity in the United States">obesity among Americans</a>, and its harmful impact on overall health. Some speculate that higher taxes could help reduce soda consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-Duffey2010_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duffey2010-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others say that taxes should help fund education to increase consumer awareness of the unhealthy effects of excessive soft drink consumption, and also help cover costs of caring for conditions resulting from overconsumption.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Food_industry" title="Food industry">food</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drink_industry" title="Drink industry">drink industry</a> holds considerable clout in Washington, DC, as it has contributed more than $50 million to legislators since 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2013, a British <a href="/wiki/Lobby_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobby group">lobby group</a> called for the price of sugary fizzy drinks to be increased, with the money raised (an estimated £1 billion at 20p per litre) to be put towards a "Children's Future Fund", overseen by an independent body, which would encourage children to eat healthily in school.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and the Kingdom of Bahrain imposed a 50% tax on soft drinks and a 100% tax on energy drinks to curb excess consumption of the commodity and for additional revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attempted_ban">Attempted ban</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Attempted ban"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2013, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>'s mayor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> proposed to ban the sale of non-diet soft drinks larger than 16 ounces, except in convenience stores and supermarkets. A lawsuit against the ban was upheld by a state judge, who voiced concerns that the ban was "fraught with arbitrary and capricious consequences". Bloomberg announced that he would be appealing the verdict.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state appellate courts upheld the trial court decision, and the ban remains unenforceable as of 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, amidst soaring rates of obesity and diabetes, the Mexican state of <a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a> enacted a ban on sugary drinks, including notably Coca-Cola, but it was poorly enforced.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/16px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/24px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/33px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="408" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Drink" title="Portal:Drink">Drink portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/-ade_(suffix)" title="-ade (suffix)">Ade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craft_soda" title="Craft soda">Craft soda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_Coke_and_Mentos_eruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Diet Coke and Mentos eruption">Diet Coke and Mentos eruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Diet drink">Diet soda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_drink" title="Energy drink">Energy drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphate_soda" title="Phosphate soda">Phosphate soda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fizz-Keeper" title="Fizz-Keeper">Fizz-Keeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_soda" title="Hard soda">Hard soda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_gas" title="Industrial gas">Industrial gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombucha" title="Kombucha">Kombucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_brand_name_soft_drink_products" title="List of brand name soft drink products">List of brand name soft drink products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soft_drink_flavors" title="List of soft drink flavors">List of soft drink flavors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soft_drinks_by_country" title="List of soft drinks by country">List of soft drinks by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drinks" title="List of drinks">List of drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-alcohol_beer" title="Low-alcohol beer">Low-alcohol beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen#Nitrogen_gas" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogenation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleation" title="Nucleation">Nucleation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premix_and_postmix" title="Premix and postmix">Premix and postmix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda_fountain" title="Soda fountain">Soda fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_(drink)" title="Squash (drink)">Squash (drink)</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ECFE-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ECFE_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613055506/http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr;sid=33fc0c0194b58b6fe95208945b5c637a;rgn=div5;view=text;node=27%3A1.0.1.1.5;idno=27;cc=ecfr#27:1.0.1.1.5.8.41.1">"Electronic Code of Federal Regulations"</a>. United States Government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr;sid=33fc0c0194b58b6fe95208945b5c637a;rgn=div5;view=text;node=27%3A1.0.1.1.5;idno=27;cc=ecfr#27:1.0.1.1.5.8.41.1">the original</a> on June 13, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electronic+Code+of+Federal+Regulations&rft.pub=United+States+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fecfr.gpoaccess.gov%2Fcgi%2Ft%2Ftext%2Ftext-idx%3Fc%3Decfr%3Bsid%3D33fc0c0194b58b6fe95208945b5c637a%3Brgn%3Ddiv5%3Bview%3Dtext%3Bnode%3D27%253A1.0.1.1.5%3Bidno%3D27%3Bcc%3Decfr%2327%3A1.0.1.1.5.8.41.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoft+drink" class="Z3988"></span> See §7.71, paragraphs (e) and (f).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alcoholfree.co.uk-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alcoholfree.co.uk_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alcoholfree.co.uk/community/questions/what-is-meant-by-alcohol-free/">"What Is Meant By Alcohol-Free? | The Alcohol-Free Community"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2021</span>. <q>Schweppes was founded in 1783 [..] the world's first ever soft drink, Schweppes soda water, was born.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Royalwarrant.org&rft.atitle=Schweppes+Holdings+Limited&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalwarrant.org%2Fcompany%2Fschweppes-holdings-limited&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoft+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atlantic-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Atlantic_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atlantic_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atlantic_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/10/the-great-soda-water-shake-up/380932/">"The great soda-water shake up"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BostonGlobe.com&rft.atitle=In+Boston%2C+the+word+%27tonic%27+gives+way+to+%27soda%27&rft.date=2012-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww3.bostonglobe.com%2Fmetro%2F2012%2F03%2F24%2Fboston-word-tonic-gives-way-soda%2FQpbSyMXlJvvESSVERxb6iP%2Fstory.html%3Farc404%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoft+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannay2012" class="citation news cs1">Hannay, Chris (May 18, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/why-do-some-places-say-pop-and-others-say-soda-your-questions-answered/article4186849/">"Why do some places say 'pop' and others say 'soda'? Your questions answered"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016033710/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/why-do-some-places-say-pop-and-others-say-soda-your-questions-answered/article4186849/">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Why+do+some+places+say+%27pop%27+and+others+say+%27soda%27%3F+Your+questions+answered&rft.date=2012-05-18&rft.aulast=Hannay&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fwhy-do-some-places-say-pop-and-others-say-soda-your-questions-answered%2Farticle4186849%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoft+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BestBrit-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BestBrit_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150829103014/http://www.effingpot.com/food.shtml">"The Best of British"</a>. <i>effingpot.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.effingpot.com/food.shtml">the original</a> on August 29, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=effingpot.com&rft.atitle=The+Best+of+British&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.effingpot.com%2Ffood.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoft+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/sndns1727">"Dictionaries of the Scots Language:: SND :: sndns1727"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dictionaries+of+the+Scots+Language%3A%3A+SND+%3A%3A+sndns1727&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsl.ac.uk%2Fentry%2Fsnd%2Fsndns1727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoft+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/business/cocacola-amatil-admits-cutting-back-on-sugar-as-attitudes-change-on-health-and-investment-20150911-gjkof3.html">"Coca-Cola Amatil admits cutting back on sugar as attitudes change on health and investment"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016033710/http://www.smh.com.au/business/cocacola-amatil-admits-cutting-back-on-sugar-as-attitudes-change-on-health-and-investment-20150911-gjkof3.html">Archived</a> October 16, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i>, September 11, 2015. Retrieved September 12, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lifeeducation.org.au/parents/fizzy-drinks-everything-you-need-to-know">"Fizzy Drinks: Everything you need to know"</a>. <i>www.lifeeducation.org.au</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911175406/https://www.lifeeducation.org.au/parents/fizzy-drinks-everything-you-need-to-know">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lifeeducation.org.au&rft.atitle=Fizzy+Drinks%3A+Everything+you+need+to+know&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifeeducation.org.au%2Fparents%2Ffizzy-drinks-everything-you-need-to-know&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoft+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cool-drink">"Definition of "cool drink"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Collins English Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001091515/http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cool-drink">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Definition+of+%22cool+drink%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fcool-drink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoft+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/introduction-to-pop-the-history-of-soft-drinks-1991778">"The Interesting History of Soft Drinks"</a>. <i>ThoughtCo</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420075705/https://www.thoughtco.com/introduction-to-pop-the-history-of-soft-drinks-1991778">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThoughtCo&rft.atitle=The+Interesting+History+of+Soft+Drinks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fintroduction-to-pop-the-history-of-soft-drinks-1991778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoft+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/soft-drink">"soft drink | Definition, History, Production, & Health Issues"</a>. <i>Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602075035/https://www.britannica.com/topic/soft-drink">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=soft+drink+%7C+Definition%2C+History%2C+Production%2C+%26+Health+Issues&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fsoft-drink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoft+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeri2005" class="citation book cs1">Meri, Josef W. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c1ZsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA106"><i>Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-135-45596-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-135-45596-1"><bdi>1-135-45596-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113124948/https://books.google.com/books?id=c1ZsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA106">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Islamic+Civilization%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-135-45596-1&rft.aulast=Meri&rft.aufirst=Josef+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc1ZsBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoft+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmins-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emmins_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmins_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmins_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmins_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmins_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColin_Emmins" class="citation web cs1">Colin Emmins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishsoftdrinks.com/write/MediaUploads/Publications/Soft_Drinks_-_Their_Origins_and_History.pdf">"SOFT DRINKS Their origins and history"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104125/http://www.britishsoftdrinks.com/write/MediaUploads/Publications/Soft_Drinks_-_Their_Origins_and_History.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SOFT+DRINKS+Their+origins+and+history&rft.au=Colin+Emmins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishsoftdrinks.com%2Fwrite%2FMediaUploads%2FPublications%2FSoft_Drinks_-_Their_Origins_and_History.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoft+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrandall,_PhilipChen,_Chin_ShuNagy,_StevenPerras,_Georges2000" class="citation book cs1">Crandall, Philip; Chen, Chin Shu; Nagy, Steven; Perras, Georges; Buchel, Johannes A.; Riha, William (2000). "Beverages, nonalcoholic". <i>Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a04_035">10.1002/14356007.a04_035</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-527-30673-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-527-30673-0"><bdi>3-527-30673-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Beverages%2C+nonalcoholic&rft.btitle=Ullmann%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a04_035&rft.isbn=3-527-30673-0&rft.au=Crandall%2C+Philip&rft.au=Chen%2C+Chin+Shu&rft.au=Nagy%2C+Steven&rft.au=Perras%2C+Georges&rft.au=Buchel%2C+Johannes+A.&rft.au=Riha%2C+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoft+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellis,_Mary2009" class="citation web cs1">Bellis, Mary (March 6, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/joseph-priestley-profile-1992342">"The discovery of oxygen and Joseph Priestley"</a>. <i>Thoughtco.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328055514/https://www.thoughtco.com/joseph-priestley-profile-1992342">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thoughtco.com&rft.atitle=The+discovery+of+oxygen+and+Joseph+Priestley&rft.date=2009-03-06&rft.au=Bellis%2C+Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fjoseph-priestley-profile-1992342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoft+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-truetex.com-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-truetex.com_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-truetex.com_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421011559/http://www.truetex.com/priestley-1772-impregnating_water_with_fixed_air.pdf">"Priestley 1772: Impregnating water with fixed air"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>truetex.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.truetex.com/priestley-1772-impregnating_water_with_fixed_air.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=truetex.com&rft.atitle=Priestley+1772%3A+Impregnating+water+with+fixed+air&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.truetex.com%2Fpriestley-1772-impregnating_water_with_fixed_air.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoft+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgenthaler,_Jeffrey2014" class="citation book cs1">Morgenthaler, Jeffrey (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OZkWAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA54"><i>Bar Book: Elements of cocktail technique</i></a>. Chronicle Books. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4521-3027-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4521-3027-9"><bdi>978-1-4521-3027-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220513170211/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZkWAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA54">Archived</a> from the original on May 13, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bar+Book%3A+Elements+of+cocktail+technique&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4521-3027-9&rft.au=Morgenthaler%2C+Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOZkWAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoft+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181012152023/http://schweppes.eu/heritage/#schweppes-received-the-royal-warrant-of-appointment-by-his-majesty-the-king-from-king-william-iv">"Heritage: Meet Jacob Schweppe"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://schweppes.eu/heritage/#schweppes-received-the-royal-warrant-of-appointment-by-his-majesty-the-king-from-king-william-iv">the original</a> on October 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heritage%3A+Meet+Jacob+Schweppe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fschweppes.eu%2Fheritage%2F%23schweppes-received-the-royal-warrant-of-appointment-by-his-majesty-the-king-from-king-william-iv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoft+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Phosphatesin-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Phosphatesin_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phosphates, in Smith, Andrew. The Oxford companion to American food and drink. Oxford University Press US, 2007, ISBN 0-19-530796-8, p.451</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmmins1991" class="citation book cs1">Emmins, Colin (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishsoftdrinks.com/write/MediaUploads/Publications/Soft_Drinks_-_Their_Origins_and_History.pdf"><i>SOFT DRINKS – Their origins and history</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Great Britain: Shire Publications Ltd. p. 8 and 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7478-0125-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7478-0125-8"><bdi>0-7478-0125-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104125/http://www.britishsoftdrinks.com/write/MediaUploads/Publications/Soft_Drinks_-_Their_Origins_and_History.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NYC%27s+Super-size+Soda+Ban+declared+Unconstitutional+%26%23124%3B+O%27Neill+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foneill.law.georgetown.edu%2Fnycs-super-size-soda-ban-declared-unconstitutional%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoft+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.menshealth.com/nutrition/a30999936/new-york-bloomberg-soda-ban/">"A Look Back at Mike Bloomberg's Failed New York City Soda Ban"</a>. February 19, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210722230844/https://www.menshealth.com/nutrition/a30999936/new-york-bloomberg-soda-ban/">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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crisis"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sugar+rush%3A+how+Mexico%27s+addiction+to+fizzy+drinks+fuelled+its+health+crisis&rft.date=2022-11-04&rft.aulast=Busby&rft.aufirst=Mattha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2F2022%2Fnov%2F04%2Fsugar-rush-how-mexico-addiction-to-fizzy-drinks-fuelled-its-health-crisis-acc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoft+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/health/2005-08-16-soda-schools_x.htm">"Beverage group: Pull soda from primary schools"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>, August 17, 2005</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.boston.com/news/education/k_12/articles/2006/05/04/after_soda_ban_nutritionists_say_more_can_be_done/">"After soda ban nutritionists say more can be done"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>, May 4, 2006</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/22/business/critics-say-soda-policy-for-schools-lacks-teeth.html">"Critics Say Soda Policy for Schools Lacks Teeth"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, August 22, 2006</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_drink&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/soft_drink" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:soft drink"><i>soft drink</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Soft_drink" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Soft drink">Soft drink</a> at Wikiquote</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Soft_drink#Q147538" class="extiw" title="voy:Soft drink">Soft drink</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soft_drinks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Soft_drink" title="Template:Soft drink"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Soft_drink" title="Template talk:Soft drink"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Soft_drink" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Soft drink"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soft_drinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soft drinks</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_brand_name_soft_drink_products" title="List of brand name soft drink products">List of brand name soft drink products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soft_drink_flavors" title="List of soft drink flavors">List of soft drink flavors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soft_drinks_by_country" title="List of soft drinks by country">List of soft drinks by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cola" title="Cola">Cola</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_cola" title="Cherry cola">Cherry cola</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_soda" title="Cream soda">Cream soda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Diet drink">Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_ale" title="Ginger ale">Ginger ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_beer" title="Ginger beer">Ginger beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape_drink" title="Grape drink">Grape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon-lime_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemon-lime drink">Lemon-lime drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_soft_drink" title="Orange soft drink">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root_beer" title="Root beer">Root beer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sugary_drink_tax" title="Sugary drink tax">Sugary drink tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_tax" title="Fat tax">Fat tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">Caffeine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company" title="The Coca-Cola Company">The Coca-Cola Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr_Pepper_Snapple_Group" title="Dr Pepper Snapple Group">Dr Pepper Snapple Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Beverage" title="National Beverage">National Beverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cola_wars" title="Cola wars">Cola wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Cola_Wars" title="Space Cola Wars">Space Cola Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craft_soda" title="Craft soda">Craft soda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soft_drink_producers" title="List of soft drink producers">List of soft drink producers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/9px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/14px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/19px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="408" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Drink" title="Portal:Drink">Drink portal</a></b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Soft_drinks" title="Category:Soft drinks">Category: Soft drinks</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sugar_as_food_commodity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sugar" title="Template:Sugar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sugar" title="Template talk:Sugar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sugar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sugar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sugar_as_food_commodity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugar</a> as food commodity</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_sugars" title="List of sugars">List of sugars and sugar products</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chemistry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monosaccharide" title="Monosaccharide">Monosaccharide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fructose" title="Fructose">Fructose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactose" title="Galactose">Galactose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">Glucose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylose" title="Xylose">Xylose</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaccharide" title="Disaccharide">Disaccharide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lactose" title="Lactose">Lactose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltose" title="Maltose">Maltose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucrose" title="Sucrose">Sucrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trehalose" title="Trehalose">Trehalose</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Added_sugar" title="Added sugar">Added sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reducing_sugar" title="Reducing sugar">Reducing sugar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">Sugar beet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">Sugarcane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agave_syrup" title="Agave syrup">Agave syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_syrup" title="Birch syrup">Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_sugar" title="Coconut sugar">Coconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_sugar" title="Date sugar">Date</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeydew_(secretion)" title="Honeydew (secretion)">Honeydew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_sugar" title="Maple sugar">Maple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_sugar" title="Palm sugar">Palm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_sugar" class="mw-redirect" title="Malt sugar">Malt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syrup" title="Syrup">Syrups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_syrups" title="List of syrups">List of syrups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agave_syrup" title="Agave syrup">Agave syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barley_malt_syrup" title="Barley malt syrup">Barley malt syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_rice_syrup" title="Brown rice syrup">Brown rice syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheong_(food)" title="Cheong (food)">Cheong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maesil-cheong" class="mw-redirect" title="Maesil-cheong">Maesil-cheong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogwa-cheong" class="mw-redirect" title="Mogwa-cheong">Mogwa-cheong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuja-cheong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuja-cheong">Yuja-cheong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_syrup" title="Corn syrup">Corn syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucose_syrup" title="Glucose syrup">Glucose syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_syrup" title="Golden syrup">Golden syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-fructose_corn_syrup" title="High-fructose corn syrup">High-fructose corn syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-maltose_corn_syrup" title="High-maltose corn syrup">High-maltose corn syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">Honey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_sugar_syrup" title="Inverted sugar syrup">Inverted sugar syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuromitsu" title="Kuromitsu">Kuromitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup" title="Maple syrup">Maple syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizuame" title="Mizuame">Mizuame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molasses" title="Molasses">Molasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_honey" title="Pine honey">Pine honey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steen%27s_cane_syrup" title="Steen's cane syrup">Steen's cane syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_syrup" title="Table syrup">Table syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treacle" title="Treacle">Treacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yac%C3%B3n_syrup" title="Yacón syrup">Yacón syrup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Solid forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown_sugar" title="Brown sugar">Brown</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Peen_tong" title="Peen tong">Peen tong</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candi_sugar" title="Candi sugar">Candi sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancaca" title="Chancaca">Chancaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystalline_fructose" class="mw-redirect" title="Crystalline fructose">Crystalline fructose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelling_sugar" title="Gelling sugar">Gelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gula_melaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Gula melaka">Gula melaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggery" title="Jaggery">Jaggery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misri" class="mw-redirect" title="Misri">Misri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molasses_sugar" title="Molasses sugar">Molasses sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovado" title="Muscovado">Muscovado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nib_sugar" title="Nib sugar">Nib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-centrifugal_cane_sugar" title="Non-centrifugal cane sugar">Non-centrifugal cane sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panela" title="Panela">Panela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_Reserve" title="Plantation Reserve">Plantation Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powdered_sugar" title="Powdered sugar">Powdered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preserving_sugar" title="Preserving sugar">Preserving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucanat" title="Sucanat">Sucanat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_candy" title="Sugar candy">Sugar candy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barley_sugar" title="Barley sugar">Barley sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterscotch" title="Butterscotch">Butterscotch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candy" title="Candy">Candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_candy" title="Hard candy">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_candy" title="Rock candy">Rock candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toffee" title="Toffee">Toffee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_glass" title="Sugar glass">Sugar glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarloaf" title="Sugarloaf">Sugarloaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasanbon" title="Wasanbon">Wasanbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_sugar" title="White sugar">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caramel" title="Caramel">Caramel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_candy" title="Cotton candy">Cotton candy floss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foods_made_from_maple" title="List of foods made from maple">Maple sugar foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_alcohol" title="Sugar alcohol">Sugar alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confectionery#Sugar_confectionery" title="Confectionery">Sugar confectionery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane_juice" title="Sugarcane juice">Sugarcane juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuzem%C3%A1k" title="Tuzemák">Tuzemák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unrefined_sweeteners" title="List of unrefined sweeteners">Unrefined sweeteners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry" title="Sugar industry">Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boilery" title="Boilery">Boilery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation#Sugar" title="Plantation">Plantation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casa-grande" title="Casa-grande">Casa-grande</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_refinery" title="Sugar refinery">Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_bush" title="Sugar bush">Sugar bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane_mill" title="Sugarcane mill">Sugarcane mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engenho" title="Engenho">Engenho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batey_(sugar_workers%27_town)" title="Batey (sugar workers' town)">Batey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafra_(agriculture)" title="Zafra (agriculture)">Zafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_marketing" title="Sugar marketing">Sugar marketing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region (current)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sugar_mills_in_Queensland" title="List of sugar mills in Queensland">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundaberg_Sugar" title="Bundaberg Sugar">Bundaberg Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSR_Limited" title="CSR Limited">CSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmar_Sugar" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilmar Sugar">Wilmar Sugar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_sugar_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban sugar economy">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_plantations_in_the_Caribbean" title="Sugar plantations in the Caribbean">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sugar_manufacturers_in_Kenya" title="List of sugar manufacturers in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_India" title="Sugar industry of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_Mauritius" title="Sugar industry of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_the_Philippines" title="Sugar industry of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_Rwanda" title="Sugar industry of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Sugar industry of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_South_Africa#Sugarcane" title="Agriculture in South Africa">South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illovo_Sugar" title="Illovo Sugar">Illovo Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongaat_Hulett" title="Tongaat Hulett">Tongaat Hulett</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sugar_manufacturers_in_Tanzania" title="List of sugar manufacturers in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_Uganda" title="Sugar industry of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Sugar" title="British Sugar">British Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_%26_Lyle" title="Tate & Lyle">Tate & Lyle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_the_United_States" title="Sugar industry of the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Association" title="Sugar Association">Sugar Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Sugar_Program" title="U.S. Sugar Program">U.S. Sugar Program</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region (historical)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_production_in_the_Danish_West_Indies" title="Sugar production in the Danish West Indies">Danish West Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_mills_in_Fiji" title="Sugar mills in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_plantations_in_Hawaii" title="Sugar plantations in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_sugar" title="History of sugar">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1811_German_Coast_uprising" title="1811 German Coast uprising">1811 German Coast uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelioration_Act_1798" title="Amelioration Act 1798">Amelioration Act 1798</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackbirding" title="Blackbirding">Blackbirding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_molasses_trade" title="Colonial molasses trade">Colonial molasses trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demerara_rebellion_of_1823" title="Demerara rebellion of 1823">Demerara rebellion of 1823</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holing_cane" title="Holing cane">Holing cane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leith_Sugar_House" title="Leith Sugar House">Leith Sugar House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molasses_Act" title="Molasses Act">Molasses Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocity_Treaty_of_1875" title="Reciprocity Treaty of 1875">Reciprocity Treaty of 1875</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_British_and_French_Caribbean" title="Slavery in the British and French Caribbean">Slavery in the British and French Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Act" title="Sugar Act">Sugar Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Duties_Acts_1846" title="Sugar Duties Acts 1846">Sugar Duties Acts 1846</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Intervention" title="Sugar Intervention">Sugar Intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Sugar_Railways" title="Taiwan Sugar Railways">Taiwan Sugar Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangular_trade" title="Triangular trade">Triangular trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Added_sugar" title="Added sugar">Added sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop_Over" title="Crop Over">Crop Over</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_shack" title="Sugar shack">Sugar shack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugaring" title="Sugaring">Sugaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_nips" title="Sugar nips">Sugar nips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_packet" title="Sugar packet">Sugar packet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sucrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Sucrology">Sucrology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_people" title="Sugar people">Sugar people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_tit" title="Sugar tit">Sugar tit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_sculpture" title="Sugar sculpture">Sugar sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treacle_mining" title="Treacle mining">Treacle mining</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_sweet_foods" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal sweet foods">Australian Aboriginal sweet foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagasse" title="Bagasse">Bagasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_sugar_level" title="Blood sugar level">Blood sugar level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cane_knife" title="Cane knife">Cane knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavored_syrup" title="Flavored syrup">Flavored syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_syrup" title="Fruit syrup">Fruit syrup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Date_honey" title="Date honey">Date honey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape_syrup" title="Grape syrup">Grape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jallab" title="Jallab">Jallab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_sugar" class="mw-redirect" title="Health effects of sugar">Health effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectar" title="Nectar">Nectar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_addiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar addiction">Sugar addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugars_in_wine" title="Sugars in wine">Sugars in wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Residual_sugar" class="mw-redirect" title="Residual sugar">Residual sugar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_substitute" title="Sugar substitute">Sugar substitute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetened_beverage" title="Sweetened beverage">Sweetened beverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetener" title="Sweetener">Sweetener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetness" title="Sweetness">Sweetness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinasse" title="Vinasse">Vinasse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lustig" title="Robert Lustig">Robert Lustig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Yudkin" title="John Yudkin">John Yudkin</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pure,_White_and_Deadly" title="Pure, White and Deadly">Pure, White and Deadly</a></i> (1972)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sugar" title="Category:Sugar">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sugar_production" title="Category:Sugar production">Production</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147538#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147538#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147538#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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