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Search results for: hierarchy neural network

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5682</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: hierarchy neural network</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5682</span> Scene Classification Using Hierarchy Neural Network, Directed Acyclic Graph Structure, and Label Relations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Po-Jen%20Chen">Po-Jen Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian-Jiun%20Ding"> Jian-Jiun Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hung-Wei%20Hsu"> Hung-Wei Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Yao%20Wang"> Chien-Yao Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia-Ching%20Wang"> Jia-Ching Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A more accurate scene classification algorithm using label relations and the hierarchy neural network was developed in this work. In many classification algorithms, it is assumed that the labels are mutually exclusive. This assumption is true in some specific problems, however, for scene classification, the assumption is not reasonable. Because there are a variety of objects with a photo image, it is more practical to assign multiple labels for an image. In this paper, two label relations, which are exclusive relation and hierarchical relation, were adopted in the classification process to achieve more accurate multiple label classification results. Moreover, the hierarchy neural network (hierarchy NN) is applied to classify the image and the directed acyclic graph structure is used for predicting a more reasonable result which obey exclusive and hierarchical relations. Simulations show that, with these techniques, a much more accurate scene classification result can be achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolutional%20neural%20network" title="convolutional neural network">convolutional neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=label%20relation" title=" label relation"> label relation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchy%20neural%20network" title=" hierarchy neural network"> hierarchy neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scene%20classification" title=" scene classification"> scene classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66516/scene-classification-using-hierarchy-neural-network-directed-acyclic-graph-structure-and-label-relations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5681</span> Solving the Quadratic Programming Problem Using a Recurrent Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Behroozpoor">A. A. Behroozpoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20Mazarei"> M. M. Mazarei </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a fuzzy recurrent neural network is proposed for solving the classical quadratic control problem subject to linear equality and bound constraints. The convergence of the state variables of the proposed neural network to achieve solution optimality is guaranteed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=REFERENCES%20%20%0D%0A%5B1%5D%09Xia" title="REFERENCES [1] Xia">REFERENCES [1] Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y" title=" Y"> Y</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A%20new%20neural%20network%20for%20solving%20linear%20and%20quadratic%20programming%20problems.%20IEEE%20Transactions%20on%20Neural%20Networks" title=" A new neural network for solving linear and quadratic programming problems. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks"> A new neural network for solving linear and quadratic programming problems. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=7%286%29" title=" 7(6)"> 7(6)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1996" title=" 1996"> 1996</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pp.1544%E2%80%931548.%0D%0A%5B2%5D%09Xia" title=" pp.1544–1548. [2] Xia"> pp.1544–1548. [2] Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y." title=" Y."> Y.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%26%20Wang" title=" &amp; Wang"> &amp; Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J" title=" J"> J</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A%20recurrent%20neural%20network%20for%20solving%20nonlinear%20convex%20programs%20subject%20to%20linear%20constraints.%20IEEE%20Transactions%20on%20Neural%20Networks" title=" A recurrent neural network for solving nonlinear convex programs subject to linear constraints. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks"> A recurrent neural network for solving nonlinear convex programs subject to linear constraints. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=16%282%29" title="16(2)">16(2)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2005" title=" 2005"> 2005</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pp.%20379%E2%80%93386.%0D%0A%5B3%5D%09Xia" title=" pp. 379–386. [3] Xia"> pp. 379–386. [3] Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y." title=" Y."> Y.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H" title=" H"> H</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leung" title=" Leung"> Leung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%26%20J" title=" &amp; J"> &amp; J</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang" title=" Wang"> Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A%20projection%20neural%20network%20and%20its%20application%20to%20constrained%20optimization%20problems.%20IEEE%20Transactions%20Circuits%20and%20Systems-I" title=" A projection neural network and its application to constrained optimization problems. IEEE Transactions Circuits and Systems-I"> A projection neural network and its application to constrained optimization problems. IEEE Transactions Circuits and Systems-I</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=49%284%29" title=" 49(4)"> 49(4)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2002" title=" 2002"> 2002</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pp.447%E2%80%93458.B.%20%0D%0A%5B4%5D%09Q.%20Liu" title=" pp.447–458.B. [4] Q. Liu"> pp.447–458.B. [4] Q. Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Guo" title=" Z. Guo"> Z. Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Wang" title=" J. Wang"> J. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A%20one-layer%20recurrent%20neural%20network%20for%20constrained%20seudoconvex%20optimization%20and%20its%20application%20for%20dynamic%20portfolio%20optimization.%20Neural%20Networks" title=" A one-layer recurrent neural network for constrained seudoconvex optimization and its application for dynamic portfolio optimization. Neural Networks"> A one-layer recurrent neural network for constrained seudoconvex optimization and its application for dynamic portfolio optimization. Neural Networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=26" title=" 26"> 26</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2012" title=" 2012"> 2012</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pp.%2099-109." title=" pp. 99-109. "> pp. 99-109. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19435/solving-the-quadratic-programming-problem-using-a-recurrent-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">644</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5680</span> The Use of Layered Neural Networks for Classifying Hierarchical Scientific Fields of Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Smith">Colin Smith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linsey%20S%20Passarella"> Linsey S Passarella</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the proliferation and decentralized nature of academic publication, no widely accepted scheme exists for organizing papers by their scientific field of study (FoS) to the author’s best knowledge. While many academic journals require author provided keywords for papers, these keywords range wildly in scope and are not consistent across papers, journals, or field domains, necessitating alternative approaches to paper classification. Past attempts to perform field-of-study (FoS) classification on scientific texts have largely used a-hierarchical FoS schemas or ignored the schema’s inherently hierarchical structure, e.g. by compressing the structure into a single layer for multi-label classification. In this paper, we introduce an application of a Layered Neural Network (LNN) to the problem of performing supervised hierarchical classification of scientific fields of study (FoS) on research papers. In this approach, paper embeddings from a pretrained language model are fed into a top-down LNN. Beginning with a single neural network (NN) for the highest layer of the class hierarchy, each node uses a separate local NN to classify the subsequent subfield child node(s) for an input embedding of concatenated paper titles and abstracts. We compare our LNN-FOS method to other recent machine learning methods using the Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG) FoS hierarchy and find that the LNN-FOS offers increased classification accuracy at each FoS hierarchical level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20classification" title="hierarchical classification">hierarchical classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer%20neural%20network" title=" layer neural network"> layer neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scientific%20field%20of%20study" title=" scientific field of study"> scientific field of study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scientific%20taxonomy" title=" scientific taxonomy"> scientific taxonomy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151193/the-use-of-layered-neural-networks-for-classifying-hierarchical-scientific-fields-of-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5679</span> Selecting the Best RBF Neural Network Using PSO Algorithm for ECG Signal Prediction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najmeh%20Mohsenifar">Najmeh Mohsenifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narjes%20Mohsenifar"> Narjes Mohsenifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Kargar"> Abbas Kargar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, has been presented a stable method for predicting the ECG signals through the RBF neural networks, by the PSO algorithm. In spite of quasi-periodic ECG signal from a healthy person, there are distortions in electro cardiographic data for a patient. Therefore, there is no precise mathematical model for prediction. Here, we have exploited neural networks that are capable of complicated nonlinear mapping. Although the architecture and spread of RBF networks are usually selected through trial and error, the PSO algorithm has been used for choosing the best neural network. In this way, 2 second of a recorded ECG signal is employed to predict duration of 20 second in advance. Our simulations show that PSO algorithm can find the RBF neural network with minimum MSE and the accuracy of the predicted ECG signal is 97 %. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocardiogram" title="electrocardiogram">electrocardiogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RBF%20artificial%20neural%20network" title=" RBF artificial neural network"> RBF artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSO%20algorithm" title=" PSO algorithm"> PSO algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predict" title=" predict"> predict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy" title=" accuracy"> accuracy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33466/selecting-the-best-rbf-neural-network-using-pso-algorithm-for-ecg-signal-prediction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">626</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5678</span> Assessing Artificial Neural Network Models on Forecasting the Return of Stock Market Index</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Rostami%20Jaz">Hamid Rostami Jaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Ameri%20Siahooei"> Kamran Ameri Siahooei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Up to now different methods have been used to forecast the index returns and the index rate. Artificial intelligence and artificial neural networks have been one of the methods of index returns forecasting. This study attempts to carry out a comparative study on the performance of different Radial Base Neural Network and Feed-Forward Perceptron Neural Network to forecast investment returns on the index. To achieve this goal, the return on investment in Tehran Stock Exchange index is evaluated and the performance of Radial Base Neural Network and Feed-Forward Perceptron Neural Network are compared. Neural networks performance test is applied based on the least square error in two approaches of in-sample and out-of-sample. The research results show the superiority of the radial base neural network in the in-sample approach and the superiority of perceptron neural network in the out-of-sample approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20index" title="exchange index">exchange index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecasting" title=" forecasting"> forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceptron%20neural%20network" title=" perceptron neural network"> perceptron neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tehran%20stock%20exchange" title=" Tehran stock exchange"> Tehran stock exchange</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51503/assessing-artificial-neural-network-models-on-forecasting-the-return-of-stock-market-index" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5677</span> The Application of a Hybrid Neural Network for Recognition of a Handwritten Kazakh Text</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Almagul%20%20Assainova">Almagul Assainova </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dariya%20Abykenova"> Dariya Abykenova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liudmila%20Goncharenko"> Liudmila Goncharenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20%20Sybachin"> Sergey Sybachin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saule%20Rakhimova"> Saule Rakhimova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abay%20Aman"> Abay Aman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The recognition of a handwritten Kazakh text is a relevant objective today for the digitization of materials. The study presents a model of a hybrid neural network for handwriting recognition, which includes a convolutional neural network and a multi-layer perceptron. Each network includes 1024 input neurons and 42 output neurons. The model is implemented in the program, written in the Python programming language using the EMNIST database, NumPy, Keras, and Tensorflow modules. The neural network training of such specific letters of the Kazakh alphabet as ә, ғ, қ, ң, ө, ұ, ү, h, і was conducted. The neural network model and the program created on its basis can be used in electronic document management systems to digitize the Kazakh text. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=handwriting%20recognition%20system" title="handwriting recognition system">handwriting recognition system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20recognition" title=" image recognition"> image recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazakh%20font" title=" Kazakh font"> Kazakh font</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129773/the-application-of-a-hybrid-neural-network-for-recognition-of-a-handwritten-kazakh-text" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5676</span> Artificial Neural Network Speed Controller for Excited DC Motor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elabed%20Saud">Elabed Saud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces the new ability of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in estimating speed and controlling the separately excited DC motor. The neural control scheme consists of two parts. One is the neural estimator which is used to estimate the motor speed. The other is the neural controller which is used to generate a control signal for a converter. These two neutrals are training by Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation algorithm. ANNs are the standard three layers feed-forward neural network with sigmoid activation functions in the input and hidden layers and purelin in the output layer. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this neural and advantage of the control system DC motor with ANNs in comparison with the conventional scheme without ANNs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artificial%20Neural%20Network%20%28ANNs%29" title="Artificial Neural Network (ANNs)">Artificial Neural Network (ANNs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excited%20DC%20motor" title=" excited DC motor"> excited DC motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convenional%20controller" title=" convenional controller"> convenional controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed%20Controller" title=" speed Controller"> speed Controller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21941/artificial-neural-network-speed-controller-for-excited-dc-motor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">726</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5675</span> Design of Neural Predictor for Vibration Analysis of Drilling Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0kbal%20Eski">İkbal Eski </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This investigation is researched on design of robust neural network predictors for analyzing vibration effects on moving parts of a drilling machine. Moreover, the research is divided two parts; first part is experimental investigation, second part is simulation analysis with neural networks. Therefore, a real time the drilling machine is used to vibrations during working conditions. The measured real vibration parameters are analyzed with proposed neural network. As results: Simulation approaches show that Radial Basis Neural Network has good performance to adapt real time parameters of the drilling machine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title="artificial neural network">artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibration%20analyses" title=" vibration analyses"> vibration analyses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drilling%20machine" title=" drilling machine"> drilling machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust" title=" robust"> robust</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30313/design-of-neural-predictor-for-vibration-analysis-of-drilling-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5674</span> Trusted Neural Network: Reversibility in Neural Networks for Network Integrity Verification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malgorzata%20Schwab">Malgorzata Schwab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashis%20Kumer%20Biswas"> Ashis Kumer Biswas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this concept paper, we explore the topic of Reversibility in Neural Networks leveraged for Network Integrity Verification and crafted the term ''Trusted Neural Network'' (TNN), paired with the API abstraction around it, to embrace the idea formally. This newly proposed high-level generalizable TNN model builds upon the Invertible Neural Network architecture, trained simultaneously in both forward and reverse directions. This allows for the original system inputs to be compared with the ones reconstructed from the outputs in the reversed flow to assess the integrity of the end-to-end inference flow. The outcome of that assessment is captured as an Integrity Score. Concrete implementation reflecting the needs of specific problem domains can be derived from this general approach and is demonstrated in the experiments. The model aspires to become a useful practice in drafting high-level systems architectures which incorporate AI capabilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trusted" title="trusted">trusted</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural" title=" neural"> neural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invertible" title=" invertible"> invertible</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=API" title=" API"> API</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144758/trusted-neural-network-reversibility-in-neural-networks-for-network-integrity-verification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144758.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5673</span> Prediction of Oil Recovery Factor Using Artificial Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20P.%20Oladipo">O. P. Oladipo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20A.%20Falode"> O. A. Falode</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The determination of Recovery Factor is of great importance to the reservoir engineer since it relates reserves to the initial oil in place. Reserves are the producible portion of reservoirs and give an indication of the profitability of a field Development. The core objective of this project is to develop an artificial neural network model using selected reservoir data to predict Recovery Factors (RF) of hydrocarbon reservoirs and compare the model with a couple of the existing correlations. The type of Artificial Neural Network model developed was the Single Layer Feed Forward Network. MATLAB was used as the network simulator and the network was trained using the supervised learning method, Afterwards, the network was tested with input data never seen by the network. The results of the predicted values of the recovery factors of the Artificial Neural Network Model, API Correlation for water drive reservoirs (Sands and Sandstones) and Guthrie and Greenberger Correlation Equation were obtained and compared. It was noted that the coefficient of correlation of the Artificial Neural Network Model was higher than the coefficient of correlations of the other two correlation equations, thus making it a more accurate prediction tool. The Artificial Neural Network, because of its accurate prediction ability is helpful in the correct prediction of hydrocarbon reservoir factors. Artificial Neural Network could be applied in the prediction of other Petroleum Engineering parameters because it is able to recognise complex patterns of data set and establish a relationship between them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recovery%20factor" title="recovery factor">recovery factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir" title=" reservoir"> reservoir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reserves" title=" reserves"> reserves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title=" artificial neural network"> artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrocarbon" title=" hydrocarbon"> hydrocarbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=API" title=" API"> API</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guthrie" title=" Guthrie"> Guthrie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greenberger" title=" Greenberger"> Greenberger</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18896/prediction-of-oil-recovery-factor-using-artificial-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5672</span> A Two-Step Framework for Unsupervised Speaker Segmentation Using BIC and Artificial Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Alwosheel">Ahmad Alwosheel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Alqaraawi"> Ahmed Alqaraawi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work proposes a new speaker segmentation approach for two speakers. It is an online approach that does not require a prior information about speaker models. It has two phases, a conventional approach such as unsupervised BIC-based is utilized in the first phase to detect speaker changes and train a Neural Network, while in the second phase, the output trained parameters from the Neural Network are used to predict next incoming audio stream. Using this approach, a comparable accuracy to similar BIC-based approaches is achieved with a significant improvement in terms of computation time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title="artificial neural network">artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diarization" title=" diarization"> diarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speaker%20indexing" title=" speaker indexing"> speaker indexing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speaker%20segmentation" title=" speaker segmentation"> speaker segmentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27191/a-two-step-framework-for-unsupervised-speaker-segmentation-using-bic-and-artificial-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">502</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5671</span> Optimizing the Probabilistic Neural Network Training Algorithm for Multi-Class Identification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhadi%20Lotfi">Abdelhadi Lotfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20Benyettou"> Abdelkader Benyettou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, a training algorithm for probabilistic neural networks (PNN) is presented. The algorithm addresses one of the major drawbacks of PNN, which is the size of the hidden layer in the network. By using a cross-validation training algorithm, the number of hidden neurons is shrunk to a smaller number consisting of the most representative samples of the training set. This is done without affecting the overall architecture of the network. Performance of the network is compared against performance of standard PNN for different databases from the UCI database repository. Results show an important gain in network size and performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title="classification">classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probabilistic%20neural%20networks" title=" probabilistic neural networks"> probabilistic neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20optimization" title=" network optimization"> network optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20recognition" title=" pattern recognition"> pattern recognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104139/optimizing-the-probabilistic-neural-network-training-algorithm-for-multi-class-identification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5670</span> Influence of the Refractory Period on Neural Networks Based on the Recognition of Neural Signatures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Luis%20Carrillo-Medina">José Luis Carrillo-Medina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberto%20Latorre"> Roberto Latorre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experimental evidence has revealed that different living neural systems can sign their output signals with some specific neural signature. Although experimental and modeling results suggest that neural signatures can have an important role in the activity of neural networks in order to identify the source of the information or to contextualize a message, the functional meaning of these neural fingerprints is still unclear. The existence of cellular mechanisms to identify the origin of individual neural signals can be a powerful information processing strategy for the nervous system. We have recently built different models to study the ability of a neural network to process information based on the emission and recognition of specific neural fingerprints. In this paper we further analyze the features that can influence on the information processing ability of this kind of networks. In particular, we focus on the role that the duration of a refractory period in each neuron after emitting a signed message can play in the network collective dynamics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20signature" title="neural signature">neural signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20fingerprint" title=" neural fingerprint"> neural fingerprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=processing%20based%20on%20signal%20identification" title=" processing based on signal identification"> processing based on signal identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-organizing%20neural%20network" title=" self-organizing neural network"> self-organizing neural network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20408/influence-of-the-refractory-period-on-neural-networks-based-on-the-recognition-of-neural-signatures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5669</span> Urban Land Cover from GF-2 Satellite Images Using Object Based and Neural Network Classifications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamyaa%20Gamal%20El-Deen%20Taha">Lamyaa Gamal El-Deen Taha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashraf%20Sharawi"> Ashraf Sharawi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> China launched satellite GF-2 in 2014. This study deals with comparing nearest neighbor object-based classification and neural network classification methods for classification of the fused GF-2 image. Firstly, rectification of GF-2 image was performed. Secondly, a comparison between nearest neighbor object-based classification and neural network classification for classification of fused GF-2 was performed. Thirdly, the overall accuracy of classification and kappa index were calculated. Results indicate that nearest neighbor object-based classification is better than neural network classification for urban mapping. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GF-2%20images" title="GF-2 images">GF-2 images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20extraction-rectification" title=" feature extraction-rectification"> feature extraction-rectification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nearest%20neighbour%20object%20based%20classification" title=" nearest neighbour object based classification"> nearest neighbour object based classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmentation%20algorithms" title=" segmentation algorithms"> segmentation algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network%20classification" title=" neural network classification"> neural network classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilayer%20perceptron" title=" multilayer perceptron"> multilayer perceptron</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84243/urban-land-cover-from-gf-2-satellite-images-using-object-based-and-neural-network-classifications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5668</span> Facial Emotion Recognition with Convolutional Neural Network Based Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koray%20U.%20Erbas">Koray U. Erbas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Neural networks are appealing for many applications since they are able to learn complex non-linear relationships between input and output data. As the number of neurons and layers in a neural network increase, it is possible to represent more complex relationships with automatically extracted features. Nowadays Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are widely used in Computer Vision problems such as; classification, object detection, segmentation image editing etc. In this work, Facial Emotion Recognition task is performed by proposed Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based DNN architecture using FER2013 Dataset. Moreover, the effects of different hyperparameters (activation function, kernel size, initializer, batch size and network size) are investigated and ablation study results for Pooling Layer, Dropout and Batch Normalization are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolutional%20neural%20network" title="convolutional neural network">convolutional neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning%20based%20FER" title=" deep learning based FER"> deep learning based FER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facial%20emotion%20recognition" title=" facial emotion recognition"> facial emotion recognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128197/facial-emotion-recognition-with-convolutional-neural-network-based-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5667</span> Neural Network Based Path Loss Prediction for Global System for Mobile Communication in an Urban Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danladi%20Ali">Danladi Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we measured GSM signal strength in the Dnepropetrovsk city in order to predict path loss in study area using nonlinear autoregressive neural network prediction and we also, used neural network clustering to determine average GSM signal strength receive at the study area. The nonlinear auto-regressive neural network predicted that the GSM signal is attenuated with the mean square error (MSE) of 2.6748dB, this attenuation value is used to modify the COST 231 Hata and the Okumura-Hata models. The neural network clustering revealed that -75dB to -95dB is received more frequently. This means that the signal strength received at the study is mostly weak signal <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one-dimensional%20multilevel%20wavelets" title="one-dimensional multilevel wavelets">one-dimensional multilevel wavelets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path%20loss" title=" path loss"> path loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM%20signal%20strength" title=" GSM signal strength"> GSM signal strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagation" title=" propagation"> propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20environment%20and%20model" title=" urban environment and model"> urban environment and model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14119/neural-network-based-path-loss-prediction-for-global-system-for-mobile-communication-in-an-urban-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5666</span> Estimation of Chronic Kidney Disease Using Artificial Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilker%20Ali%20Ozkan">Ilker Ali Ozkan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, an artificial neural network model has been developed to estimate chronic kidney failure which is a common disease. The patients’ age, their blood and biochemical values, and 24 input data which consists of various chronic diseases are used for the estimation process. The input data have been subjected to preprocessing because they contain both missing values and nominal values. 147 patient data which was obtained from the preprocessing have been divided into as 70% training and 30% testing data. As a result of the study, artificial neural network model with 25 neurons in the hidden layer has been found as the model with the lowest error value. Chronic kidney failure disease has been able to be estimated accurately at the rate of 99.3% using this artificial neural network model. The developed artificial neural network has been found successful for the estimation of chronic kidney failure disease using clinical data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimation" title="estimation">estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title=" artificial neural network"> artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20kidney%20failure%20disease" title=" chronic kidney failure disease"> chronic kidney failure disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20diagnosis" title=" disease diagnosis"> disease diagnosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38766/estimation-of-chronic-kidney-disease-using-artificial-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5665</span> A Hybrid Hopfield Neural Network for Dynamic Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aydin%20Teymourifar">Aydin Teymourifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurkan%20Ozturk"> Gurkan Ozturk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a new hybrid Hopfield neural network is proposed for the dynamic, flexible job shop scheduling problem. A new heuristic based and easy to implement energy function is designed for the Hopfield neural network, which penalizes the constraints violation and decreases makespan. Moreover, for enhancing the performance, several heuristics are integrated to it that achieve active, and non-delay schedules also, prevent early convergence of the neural network. The suggested algorithm that is designed as a generalization of the previous studies for the flexible and dynamic scheduling problems can be used for solving real scheduling problems. Comparison of the presented hybrid method results with the previous studies results proves its efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20flexible%20job%20shop%20scheduling" title="dynamic flexible job shop scheduling">dynamic flexible job shop scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heuristics" title=" heuristics"> heuristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constrained%20optimization" title=" constrained optimization"> constrained optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72143/a-hybrid-hopfield-neural-network-for-dynamic-flexible-job-shop-scheduling-problems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5664</span> Research on Reservoir Lithology Prediction Based on Residual Neural Network and Squeeze-and- Excitation Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Kewen">Li Kewen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su%20Zhaoxin"> Su Zhaoxin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Xingmou"> Wang Xingmou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhu%20Jian%20Bing"> Zhu Jian Bing </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conventional reservoir prediction methods ar not sufficient to explore the implicit relation between seismic attributes, and thus data utilization is low. In order to improve the predictive classification accuracy of reservoir lithology, this paper proposes a deep learning lithology prediction method based on ResNet (Residual Neural Network) and SENet (Squeeze-and-Excitation Neural Network). The neural network model is built and trained by using seismic attribute data and lithology data of Shengli oilfield, and the nonlinear mapping relationship between seismic attribute and lithology marker is established. The experimental results show that this method can significantly improve the classification effect of reservoir lithology, and the classification accuracy is close to 70%. This study can effectively predict the lithology of undrilled area and provide support for exploration and development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolutional%20neural%20network" title="convolutional neural network">convolutional neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithology" title=" lithology"> lithology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction%20of%20reservoir" title=" prediction of reservoir"> prediction of reservoir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20attributes" title=" seismic attributes "> seismic attributes </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121343/research-on-reservoir-lithology-prediction-based-on-residual-neural-network-and-squeeze-and-excitation-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5663</span> Prediction of the Transmittance of Various Bended Angles Lightpipe by Using Neural Network under Different Sky Clearness Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Zhang">Li Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuehong%20Su"> Yuehong Su</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lightpipe as a mature solar light tube technique has been employed worldwide. Accurately assessing the performance of lightpipe and evaluate daylighting available has been a challenging topic. Previous research had used regression model and computational simulation methods to estimate the performance of lightpipe. However, due to the nonlinear nature of solar light transferring in lightpipe, the methods mentioned above express inaccurate and time-costing issues. In the present study, a neural network model as an alternative method is investigated to predict the transmittance of lightpipe. Four types of commercial lightpipe with bended angle 0°, 30°, 45° and 60° are discussed under clear, intermediate and overcast sky conditions respectively. The neural network is generated in MATLAB by using the outcomes of an optical software Photopia simulations as targets for networks training and testing. The coefficient of determination (R²) for each model is higher than 0.98, and the mean square error (MSE) is less than 0.0019, which indicate the neural network strong predictive ability and the use of the neural network method could be an efficient technique for determining the performance of lightpipe. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title="neural network">neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bended%20lightpipe" title=" bended lightpipe"> bended lightpipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmittance" title=" transmittance"> transmittance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Photopia" title=" Photopia"> Photopia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99530/prediction-of-the-transmittance-of-various-bended-angles-lightpipe-by-using-neural-network-under-different-sky-clearness-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5662</span> Nonlinear Adaptive PID Control for a Semi-Batch Reactor Based on an RBF Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdi.%20M.%20Nabi">Magdi. M. Nabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ding-Li%20Yu"> Ding-Li Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Control of a semi-batch polymerization reactor using an adaptive radial basis function (RBF) neural network method is investigated in this paper. A neural network inverse model is used to estimate the valve position of the reactor; this method can identify the controlled system with the RBF neural network identifier. The weights of the adaptive PID controller are timely adjusted based on the identification of the plant and self-learning capability of RBFNN. A PID controller is used in the feedback control to regulate the actual temperature by compensating the neural network inverse model output. Simulation results show that the proposed control has strong adaptability, robustness and satisfactory control performance and the nonlinear system is achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chylla-Haase%20polymerization%20reactor" title="Chylla-Haase polymerization reactor">Chylla-Haase polymerization reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RBF%20neural%20networks" title=" RBF neural networks"> RBF neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed-forward" title=" feed-forward"> feed-forward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedback%20control" title=" feedback control"> feedback control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11204/nonlinear-adaptive-pid-control-for-a-semi-batch-reactor-based-on-an-rbf-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">702</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5661</span> Person Re-Identification using Siamese Convolutional Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sello%20Mokwena">Sello Mokwena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monyepao%20Thabang"> Monyepao Thabang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we propose a comprehensive approach to address the challenges in person re-identification models. By combining a centroid tracking algorithm with a Siamese convolutional neural network model, our method excels in detecting, tracking, and capturing robust person features across non-overlapping camera views. The algorithm efficiently identifies individuals in the camera network, while the neural network extracts fine-grained global features for precise cross-image comparisons. The approach's effectiveness is further accentuated by leveraging the camera network topology for guidance. Our empirical analysis on benchmark datasets highlights its competitive performance, particularly evident when background subtraction techniques are selectively applied, underscoring its potential in advancing person re-identification techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=camera%20network" title="camera network">camera network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolutional%20neural%20network%20topology" title=" convolutional neural network topology"> convolutional neural network topology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=person%20tracking" title=" person tracking"> person tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=person%20re-identification" title=" person re-identification"> person re-identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=siamese" title=" siamese"> siamese</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171989/person-re-identification-using-siamese-convolutional-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5660</span> Application of Artificial Neural Network to Prediction of Feature Academic Performance of Students </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20K.%20Alhassan">J. K. Alhassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20S.%20Actsu"> C. S. Actsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is on the prediction of feature performance of undergraduate students with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). With the growing decline in the quality academic performance of undergraduate students, it has become essential to predict the students’ feature academic performance early in their courses of first and second years and to take the necessary precautions using such prediction-based information. The feed forward multilayer neural network model was used to train and develop a network and the test carried out with some of the input variables. A result of 80% accuracy was obtained from the test which was carried out, with an average error of 0.009781. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20performance" title="academic performance">academic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title=" artificial neural network"> artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students" title=" students"> students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36018/application-of-artificial-neural-network-to-prediction-of-feature-academic-performance-of-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">467</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5659</span> The Carbon Trading Price and Trading Volume Forecast in Shanghai City by BP Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Zhiyuan">Liu Zhiyuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Zongdi"> Sun Zongdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the BP neural network model is established to predict the carbon trading price and carbon trading volume in Shanghai City. First of all, we find the data of carbon trading price and carbon trading volume in Shanghai City from September 30, 2015 to December 23, 2016. The carbon trading price and trading volume data were processed to get the average value of each 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 carbon trading price and trading volume. Then, these data are used as input of BP neural network model. Finally, after the training of BP neural network, the prediction values of Shanghai carbon trading price and trading volume are obtained, and the model is tested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carbon%20trading%20price" title="Carbon trading price">Carbon trading price</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20trading%20volume" title=" carbon trading volume"> carbon trading volume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BP%20neural%20network%20model" title=" BP neural network model"> BP neural network model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanghai%20City" title=" Shanghai City"> Shanghai City</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69753/the-carbon-trading-price-and-trading-volume-forecast-in-shanghai-city-by-bp-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69753.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5658</span> Margin-Based Feed-Forward Neural Network Classifiers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaohan%20Bookman">Xiaohan Bookman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoyan%20Zhu"> Xiaoyan Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Margin-Based Principle has been proposed for a long time, it has been proved that this principle could reduce the structural risk and improve the performance in both theoretical and practical aspects. Meanwhile, feed-forward neural network is a traditional classifier, which is very hot at present with a deeper architecture. However, the training algorithm of feed-forward neural network is developed and generated from Widrow-Hoff Principle that means to minimize the squared error. In this paper, we propose a new training algorithm for feed-forward neural networks based on Margin-Based Principle, which could effectively promote the accuracy and generalization ability of neural network classifiers with less labeled samples and flexible network. We have conducted experiments on four UCI open data sets and achieved good results as expected. In conclusion, our model could handle more sparse labeled and more high-dimension data set in a high accuracy while modification from old ANN method to our method is easy and almost free of work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Max-Margin%20Principle" title="Max-Margin Principle">Max-Margin Principle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feed-Forward%20Neural%20Network" title=" Feed-Forward Neural Network"> Feed-Forward Neural Network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classifier" title=" classifier"> classifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20risk" title=" structural risk"> structural risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27178/margin-based-feed-forward-neural-network-classifiers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5657</span> A t-SNE and UMAP Based Neural Network Image Classification Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shelby%20Simpson">Shelby Simpson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Stanley"> William Stanley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namir%20Naba"> Namir Naba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaodi%20Wang"> Xiaodi Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Both t-SNE and UMAP are brand new state of art tools to predominantly preserve the local structure that is to group neighboring data points together, which indeed provides a very informative visualization of heterogeneity in our data. In this research, we develop a t-SNE and UMAP base neural network image classification algorithm to embed the original dataset to a corresponding low dimensional dataset as a preprocessing step, then use this embedded database as input to our specially designed neural network classifier for image classification. We use the fashion MNIST data set, which is a labeled data set of images of clothing objects in our experiments. t-SNE and UMAP are used for dimensionality reduction of the data set and thus produce low dimensional embeddings. Furthermore, we use the embeddings from t-SNE and UMAP to feed into two neural networks. The accuracy of the models from the two neural networks is then compared to a dense neural network that does not use embedding as an input to show which model can classify the images of clothing objects more accurately. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=t-SNE" title="t-SNE">t-SNE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UMAP" title=" UMAP"> UMAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fashion%20MNIST" title=" fashion MNIST"> fashion MNIST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137765/a-t-sne-and-umap-based-neural-network-image-classification-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5656</span> Optimization of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Based on Artificial Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Affanuddin%20H.%20Siddique">Mohammed Affanuddin H. Siddique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayesh%20S.%20Shukla"> Jayesh S. Shukla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chetan%20B.%20Meshram"> Chetan B. Meshram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The neural networks are one of the power tools of machine learning. After the invention of perceptron in early 1980's, the neural networks and its application have grown rapidly. Neural networks are a technique originally developed for pattern investigation. The structure of a neural network consists of neurons connected through synapse. Here, we have investigated the different algorithms and cost function reduction techniques for optimization of vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) rotor blades. The aerodynamic force coefficients corresponding to the airfoils are stored in a database along with the airfoil coordinates. A forward propagation neural network is created with the input as aerodynamic coefficients and output as the airfoil co-ordinates. In the proposed algorithm, the hidden layer is incorporated into cost function having linear and non-linear error terms. In this article, it is observed that the ANNs (Artificial Neural Network) can be used for the VAWT’s optimization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VAWT" title="VAWT">VAWT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANN" title=" ANN"> ANN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20design" title=" inverse design"> inverse design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91997/optimization-of-vertical-axis-wind-turbine-based-on-artificial-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91997.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5655</span> Application of Neural Network on the Loading of Copper onto Clinoptilolite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Kabuba">John Kabuba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated the implementation of the Neural Network (NN) techniques for prediction of the loading of Cu ions onto clinoptilolite. The experimental design using analysis of variance (ANOVA) was chosen for testing the adequacy of the Neural Network and for optimizing of the effective input parameters (pH, temperature and initial concentration). Feed forward, multi-layer perceptron (MLP) NN successfully tracked the non-linear behavior of the adsorption process versus the input parameters with mean squared error (MSE), correlation coefficient (R) and minimum squared error (MSRE) of 0.102, 0.998 and 0.004 respectively. The results showed that NN modeling techniques could effectively predict and simulate the highly complex system and non-linear process such as ion-exchange. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinoptilolite" title="clinoptilolite">clinoptilolite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loading" title=" loading"> loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13101/application-of-neural-network-on-the-loading-of-copper-onto-clinoptilolite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5654</span> Prediction Fluid Properties of Iranian Oil Field with Using of Radial Based Neural Network </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolreza%20Memari">Abdolreza Memari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article in order to estimate the viscosity of crude oil,a numerical method has been used. We use this method to measure the crude oil's viscosity for 3 states: Saturated oil's viscosity, viscosity above the bubble point and viscosity under the saturation pressure. Then the crude oil's viscosity is estimated by using KHAN model and roller ball method. After that using these data that include efficient conditions in measuring viscosity, the estimated viscosity by the presented method, a radial based neural method, is taught. This network is a kind of two layered artificial neural network that its stimulation function of hidden layer is Gaussian function and teaching algorithms are used to teach them. After teaching radial based neural network, results of experimental method and artificial intelligence are compared all together. Teaching this network, we are able to estimate crude oil's viscosity without using KHAN model and experimental conditions and under any other condition with acceptable accuracy. Results show that radial neural network has high capability of estimating crude oil saving in time and cost is another advantage of this investigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title="viscosity">viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iranian%20crude%20oil" title=" Iranian crude oil"> Iranian crude oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20based" title=" radial based"> radial based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roller%20ball%20method" title=" roller ball method"> roller ball method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KHAN%20model" title=" KHAN model "> KHAN model </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29815/prediction-fluid-properties-of-iranian-oil-field-with-using-of-radial-based-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5653</span> An Adjusted Network Information Criterion for Model Selection in Statistical Neural Network Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Godwin%20Udomboso">Christopher Godwin Udomboso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angela%20Unna%20Chukwu"> Angela Unna Chukwu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isaac%20Kwame%20Dontwi"> Isaac Kwame Dontwi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In selecting a Statistical Neural Network model, the Network Information Criterion (NIC) has been observed to be sample biased, because it does not account for sample sizes. The selection of a model from a set of fitted candidate models requires objective data-driven criteria. In this paper, we derived and investigated the Adjusted Network Information Criterion (ANIC), based on Kullback’s symmetric divergence, which has been designed to be an asymptotically unbiased estimator of the expected Kullback-Leibler information of a fitted model. The analyses show that on a general note, the ANIC improves model selection in more sample sizes than does the NIC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20neural%20network" title="statistical neural network">statistical neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20information%20criterion" title=" network information criterion"> network information criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjusted%20network" title=" adjusted network"> adjusted network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20criterion" title=" information criterion"> information criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20function" title=" transfer function"> transfer function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28771/an-adjusted-network-information-criterion-for-model-selection-in-statistical-neural-network-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">566</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchy%20neural%20network&amp;page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchy%20neural%20network&amp;page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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