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class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <h1 class="page-header"><span>José María de Cos y Macho</span> </h1> <article role="article" about="/biografias/39803/jose-maria-de-cos-y-macho" class="bio full clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="wrapper-biografia"> <div class="field field--name-field-biografia field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field--label sr-only">Biografía</div> <div class="field--item"> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-weight:bold;">Cos y Macho, José María de. </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Terán (Cantabria), 6.VIII.1838 – Valladolid, 17.XII.1919.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Arcediano, teólogo, obispo de Mondoñedo, arzobispo de Santiago de Cuba, Madrid y Valladolid, cardenal.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Aunque de familia humilde, con la protección de los jesuitas, que descubrieron en él aptitudes intelectuales, realizó los estudios de Latín en Segura (Guipúzcoa), entre 1851 y 1853. Terminados éstos, regresó a su tierra para cursar en el seminario de Monte</span><span style="font-family:'MS Gothic';">‑</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Corban los estudios de Filosofía y Teología, que coronó con las más brillantes calificaciones. En 1863 perfeccionó sus conocimientos teológicos en Valladolid para trasladarse seguidamente a Salamanca, en cuya universidad obtuvo el título de doctor en Teología el 12 de octubre de 1864. Con anterioridad había recibido el presbiterado el 20 de septiembre de 1862. En mayo de 1865 opositó en la catedral de Oviedo para cubrir la canonjía magistral y obtuvo la prebenda. Durante los veintiún años que permaneció en la capital del Principado de Asturias dio muestras de erudición, piedad y trabajo asiduo y constante no sólo en el desempeño de las obligaciones de su canonjía, sino también de las de director general de las dos grandes instituciones del Catecismo de niñas y de las Conferencias Morales.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Fue también consiliario de las Hijas de María y vocal de la Comisión de Monumentos Históricos y Artísticos de la provincia de Asturias. León XIII lo preconizó obispo de Mondoñedo el 10 de junio de 1886. Recibió la consagración en la catedral ovetense el 12 de septiembre sucesivo de manos del arzobispo de Santiago de Compostela, Victoriano Guisasola Rodríguez.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">En los tres años que rigió la diócesis implantó la obra del catecismo, amplió el seminario, dotó de un mejor servicio espiritual a la ciudad de Ferrol, creando dos nuevas parroquias y preparando una casa para religiosos misioneros. Introdujo la costumbre de los ejercicios espirituales para el clero y de las misiones para el pueblo, ganándose el aprecio de uno y otro; sin embargo, tuvo que sufrir también varios disgustos, y no consiguió someter del todo al cabildo.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">En cuanto a la archidiócesis de Santiago de Cuba, para la cual fue preconizado el 14 de febrero de 1889, sin haber tomado posesión de ella ya le había prestado varios servicios; indujo al Gobierno para que restableciese en el presupuesto la dotación de los coadjutores que habían sido suprimidos; que le diesen medios para aumentar los alumnos de aquel seminario, y que se declarase mediante una ley que estaban anualmente exentos de filas los jóvenes de la Península que estudiaban en aquel seminario la carrera eclesiástica para servicio de la diócesis. Para afrontar las necesidades espirituales, el nuevo arzobispo organizó muchas misiones, ayudándole todo el clero de que podía disponer, e inauguró con éxito las escuelas de catecismo. El 14 de julio de 1892 fue nombrado arzobispo-obispo de Madrid-Alcalá. Levantó el seminario definitivo de la capital de España al adquirir, de los herederos de los duques de Osuna, el palacio de las Vistillas, próximo a la catedral y al obispado.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">El 16 de abril de 1901 fue nombrado arzobispo de Valladolid; san Pío X lo creó cardenal en el consistorio del 27 de noviembre de 1911 y le asignó el título de Santa María del Popolo. En esta ciudad celebró un congreso catequístico nacional en marzo de 1912.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Fue senador por la provincia eclesiástica de Santiago de Compostela y miembro de las Reales Academias de la Historia y de la de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Bibl.: M. de Castro Alonso, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Episcopologio vallisoletano, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Valladolid [José Manuel de la Cuesta], 1904, págs. 500-511; R. Ritzler y P. Séfrin, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Hierarchia catholica, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">vol. VIII, Padua, Il Messaggero di S. Antonio, 1978, págs. 314, 373, 386, 509 y 580; F. Díaz de Cerio, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Regesto de la correspondencia de los obispos de España en el siglo xix con los nuncios, según el fondo de la nunciatura de Madrid en el Archivo Vaticano (1791-1903), </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">vol. II, Città del Vaticano, Archivio Vaticano, 1984, págs. 451- 466; V. Cárcel Ortí, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">León XIII y los católicos españoles. Informes vaticanos sobre la Iglesia en España, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Pamplona, Eunsa, 1988, págs. 333-335; E. Cal Pardo, “Episcopologio mindoniense”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Estudios Mindonienses, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">10 (1994), págs. 99-115; V. Cárcel Ortí, “Los nombramientos de obispos en España durante el pontificado de León XIII. Segunda parte: 1885- 1903”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Analecta Sacra Tarraconensia, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">70 (1997) págs. 321- 504; Z. Pieta, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Hierarchia catholica, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">vol. IX, Padova, Edizioni Messaggero Padova, 2002, págs. 10, 14, 24 27, 60, 202, 222 y 387; J. R. Rodríguez Lago, “La diócesis de Mondoñedo- Ferrol en la Edad Contemporánea”, en J. Aranda Doncel </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">et al., Historia de las Diócesis Españolas, vol. XV. Iglesias de Lugo, Mondoñedo-Ferrol y Orense, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 2002, págs. 348, 354 y 379.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Vicente Cárcel Ortí</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <aside class="col-sm-4" role="complementary"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <section id="block-preguntasfrecuentes" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentbb506541-4315-4ede-8b34-510511732f52 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><a href="/preguntas-frecuentes">Preguntas frecuentes</a></p> </div> </section> <section class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockbiografia-destacada-block-2 clearfix" id="block-views-block-biografia-destacada-block-2"> <h2 class="block-title">Biografía destacada</h2> <div class="form-group"><div class="view view-biografia-destacada view-id-biografia_destacada view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-914ab46693ac66409a90ba58084241f6bbc303f724d33a5b3cbf8ba325bb2375"> <div class="view-content"> <div id="views-bootstrap-biografia-destacada-block-2" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel" data-interval="5000" data-pause="" data-wrap="0"> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="item row active"> <div class="col-md-12"> <a href="/biografias/portal-historia-hispanica" hreflang="und"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/imagenes/biografias/Portal-Historia-Hisp%C3%A1nica.jpg" width="480" height="320" alt="HH" title="https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> <div class="carousel-caption"> <h3><a href="/biografias/portal-historia-hispanica" hreflang="und">Portal "Historia Hispánica"</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="row content-wrapper"> <div class="region region-content-bottom"> <section id="block-dbepersonajesrelacionados" class="block block-dbe-block block-dbe-personajes-relacionados clearfix"> <div class="block-personajes-relacionados-wrapper"> <h1>Relación con otros personajes del DBE</h1> <div class="col-xs-12 block-personajes-content"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-5 col-first"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"><div class="view view-personajes-relacionados view-id-personajes_relacionados view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-fd1aff8ed5088c75e7425fc156cd53912287301058b62b5d56e8230097ff14f2"> <div class="view-header"> <h2>Biografías que citan a este personaje</h2> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/39804/julian-de-diego-y-garcia-alcolea" hreflang="und"><img width="33" height="33" src="/sites/default/files/default_images/personaje-azul.svg" alt="DBE" title="DBE" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/39804/julian-de-diego-y-garcia-alcolea" hreflang="und">Julián de Diego y García Alcolea</a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/7984/pedro-segura-y-saenz" hreflang="und"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumb/public/imagenes/biografias/7984_pedro-segura-y-saenz.jpg" width="33" height="33" alt="Pedro Segura y Sáenz" title="Detalle del retrato de Pedro Segura y Sáenz perteneciente al archivo “Personajes del bando nacional y afines.. 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