终结营养不良 | World Food Programme

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</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs--item"><span class="breadcrumbs--last">终结营养不良</span> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> <div class="wfp-u-2-3 wfp-u-md-1-3 wfp-text-right"> </div> </div> </div> <section> <div class="wfp-u-1 layout-content page-body"> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div class="node node--type-thematic-page node--view-mode-full"> <div class="field field--field-paragraph-hero"> <div> <section class="page-header-2 page-header-2--bg-grey-light" role="banner"> <div class="wfp-wrapper ph3 ph0-lg"> <div class="page-header-2__grid"> <div class="page-header-2__header"> <h1 class="page-header-2__title">终结营养不良</h1> </div> <div class="page-header-2__video"> <section class="page--video bg-grey-2 w-100"> <div class="tc video"> <div class="video-player" data-accessibility-title="Video" data-type="jwplayer" data-id="LxkumYno" data-extension="mp4" data-size="720"></div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="page-header-2__stats"> <dl> <dt>4500 万</dt> <dd>5 岁以下儿童患有消瘦（身高标准体重偏低）</dd> <dt>1.48 亿</dt> <dd>5 岁以下儿童发育迟缓（年龄别身高偏低）</dd> <dt>28 亿人</dt> <dd>无法负担健康饮食</dd> </dl> </div> <div class="page-header-2__actions"> <a href="/publications/wfps-strategy-improve-diets-and-address-malnutrition-2024-2030" class="button-new button-new--primary">阅读战略报告（2024-2030）</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="columns wfp-wrapper ph3 ph0-lg"> <div class="columns__main"> <div class="field field--field-paragraph-description wfp-wrapper"> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type-rich-text paragraph--view-mode-full"> <div class="field field--field-rich-text wfp-wrapper clearfix"> <div class="field-rich-text--container mv4 mv5-lg"> <div> <p><em>世界粮食计划署的目标是实现零饥饿的世界，只有解决营养不良的直接原因和根本原因，才能实现这一目标。在发生人道主义紧急状况时，适时提供适当的营养对于防止死亡、确保终身的最佳健康和发展以及国家的长期繁荣至关重要。</em></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="columns__side"> </div> </div> <div class="field field--field-paragraphs"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type-rich-text paragraph--view-mode-full"> <div class="field field--field-rich-text wfp-wrapper clearfix"> <div class="field-rich-text--container mv4 mv5-lg"> <div> <h3>什么是营养不良？</h3> <p>营养不良是一个通用术语，涵盖营养不足和超重/肥胖。当一个人的营养或能量摄入量未达到或超过其身体需求时，就会出现营养不良症状。营养不良每年给全球经济造成3.5万亿美元的损失。它也是导致疾病的最大单一因素。营养不良是导致将近半数5岁以下儿童死亡的根本原因。</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type-faq paragraph--view-mode-full wfp-wrapper"> <section class="faq wfp-wrapper pv4 ph3 ph0-lg"> <h2 class="page-stripe__title faq__title">营养不良有哪些不同类型？</h2> <div class="faq__items js--faq__items"> <div class="faq__item"> <h3 class="faq__item-title"> 突发性营养不良（或消瘦） <svg class="faq__item-toggler" width="26px" height="26px" viewBox="0 0 34 34" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"> <g transform="translate(2.000000, 2.000000)" stroke="#007DBC" stroke-width="3"> <path d="M30,15 C30,23.2842712 23.2842712,30 15,30 C6.71572875,30 2.66453526e-15,23.2842712 2.66453526e-15,15 C2.66453526e-15,6.71572875 6.71572875,-8.8817842e-16 15,-8.8817842e-16 C18.9782473,-8.8817842e-16 22.793556,1.58035261 25.6066017,4.39339828 C28.4196474,7.20644396 30,11.0217527 30,15 Z" id="Path_3851"></path> <path d="M15,9 L15,21" id="Path_3852"></path> <path d="M9,15 L21,15" id="Path_3853"></path> </g> </g> </svg> </h3> <div class="faq__item-content"> 突发性营养不良（或消瘦）被定义为身高标准体重偏低。其特点是由缺乏营养食物、反复感染（或两者兼而有之）引起的体重严重下降。突发性营养不良儿童的死亡率比营养良好的儿童高出 12 倍。尽管可以康复，但一旦患上消瘦就会对儿童的身体和智力发育产生终生影响。 </div> </div> <div class="faq__item"> <h3 class="faq__item-title"> 慢性营养不良（或发育迟缓） <svg class="faq__item-toggler" width="26px" height="26px" viewBox="0 0 34 34" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"> <g transform="translate(2.000000, 2.000000)" stroke="#007DBC" stroke-width="3"> <path d="M30,15 C30,23.2842712 23.2842712,30 15,30 C6.71572875,30 2.66453526e-15,23.2842712 2.66453526e-15,15 C2.66453526e-15,6.71572875 6.71572875,-8.8817842e-16 15,-8.8817842e-16 C18.9782473,-8.8817842e-16 22.793556,1.58035261 25.6066017,4.39339828 C28.4196474,7.20644396 30,11.0217527 30,15 Z" id="Path_3851"></path> <path d="M15,9 L15,21" id="Path_3852"></path> <path d="M9,15 L21,15" id="Path_3853"></path> </g> </g> </svg> </h3> <div class="faq__item-content"> 发育迟缓是指年龄别身高偏低。由于持续营养不良，发育迟缓会在一段时间内出现。发育迟缓会增加患病和死亡的风险，导致智力发育不良并降低接受教育的水平。发育迟缓的女孩更有可能生下发育迟缓或消瘦的婴儿，从而加剧营养不良的恶性循环。发育迟缓无法治疗，因此必须预防。 </div> </div> <div class="faq__item"> <h3 class="faq__item-title"> 微量营养素缺乏 <svg class="faq__item-toggler" width="26px" height="26px" viewBox="0 0 34 34" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"> <g transform="translate(2.000000, 2.000000)" stroke="#007DBC" stroke-width="3"> <path d="M30,15 C30,23.2842712 23.2842712,30 15,30 C6.71572875,30 2.66453526e-15,23.2842712 2.66453526e-15,15 C2.66453526e-15,6.71572875 6.71572875,-8.8817842e-16 15,-8.8817842e-16 C18.9782473,-8.8817842e-16 22.793556,1.58035261 25.6066017,4.39339828 C28.4196474,7.20644396 30,11.0217527 30,15 Z" id="Path_3851"></path> <path d="M15,9 L15,21" id="Path_3852"></path> <path d="M9,15 L21,15" id="Path_3853"></path> </g> </g> </svg> </h3> <div class="faq__item-content"> 微量营养素缺乏是最常见的营养不良形式，由缺乏必要的维生素和矿物质引起。至少一半的 5 岁以下儿童和三分之二的育龄妇女患有微量营养素缺乏症。尽管人体只需要少量的微量营养素，但缺乏一种维生素或矿物质可能会导致一系列健康问题。 </div> </div> <div class="faq__item"> <h3 class="faq__item-title"> 超重和肥胖 <svg class="faq__item-toggler" width="26px" height="26px" viewBox="0 0 34 34" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"> <g transform="translate(2.000000, 2.000000)" stroke="#007DBC" stroke-width="3"> <path d="M30,15 C30,23.2842712 23.2842712,30 15,30 C6.71572875,30 2.66453526e-15,23.2842712 2.66453526e-15,15 C2.66453526e-15,6.71572875 6.71572875,-8.8817842e-16 15,-8.8817842e-16 C18.9782473,-8.8817842e-16 22.793556,1.58035261 25.6066017,4.39339828 C28.4196474,7.20644396 30,11.0217527 30,15 Z" id="Path_3851"></path> <path d="M15,9 L15,21" id="Path_3852"></path> <path d="M9,15 L21,15" id="Path_3853"></path> </g> </g> </svg> </h3> <div class="faq__item-content"> 超重和肥胖看似与营养不良无关，但两者的根本成因都是缺乏健康、均衡的饮食。如今，体重过重/肥胖和营养不良的“双重负担”正日益普遍地出现在同一个国家、同一个社区甚至同一个家庭中。 </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type-rich-text paragraph--view-mode-full"> <div class="field field--field-rich-text wfp-wrapper clearfix"> <div class="field-rich-text--container mv4 mv5-lg"> <div> <h3>营养不良的成因是什么？</h3> <p>在这个世界上，每一个国家都会受到某（些）种营养不良的影响。低收入国家面临着难以承受的营养不足，而几乎在所有国家中，超重或肥胖的人群日益增多。缺乏可负担的、营养的饮食是这场危机的核心。</p> <p>低效的粮食系统、反复出现的人道主义危机、贫困和性别不平等是人们获取营养食物的障碍。营养不良和饮食不足的严重程度在面临持续危机的国家最为严重，包括冲突、气候变化、灾难和经济冲击造成的危机。</p> <h3>营养不良的长期影响是什么？</h3> <p>营养不良不断加剧着贫困循环。它阻碍了国家的发展，并通过限制人们的发展和潜力的发挥，阻碍世界的公平和公正。营养不良影响人们的大脑发育、教育成就和长期健康，给个人和国家经济带来巨大损失。营养不良造成的损失占非洲 GDP 的16.5%。在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区，应对营养不良的双重负担的消耗占据 GDP的16.3%。以此同时，在亚洲，营养不良造成的损失占 GDP 的 11%。在低收入和中等收入国家，据估计，儿童发育迟缓给私营部门造成了每年1350亿美元的销售损失。</p> <figure><img src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/2024/WF1883541%2020240502_SDN_Abubakar-Garelnabei_108.jpg" data-entity-uuid="af3df9eb-187a-45d6-9197-cd21128827ea" data-entity-type="file" alt="Sittna and her mother Magedah at the WFP-supported health centre in Port Sudan. © WFP/Abubakar Garelnabei" width="600" height="408" class="align-center" loading="lazy"><br> <figcaption>在苏丹港由世界粮食计划署资助的卫生中心，年幼的Sittna和母亲Magedah正在食用世界粮食计划署提供的营养补充剂。照片©WFP/Abubakar Garelnabei</figcaption> </figure> <h3> </h3> <h3>世界粮食计划署如何终结营养不良？</h3> <p>世界粮食计划署的工作重点是帮助那些营养不良和食物不足风险最大的人群。尤其是幼儿、孕妇和哺乳期母亲，因为他们最容易患上营养不良。在从母亲怀孕到儿童2岁的1000天内，支持良好的营养是避免营养不良最经济有效的方式，并同时确保其良好的终身成长和发育。同时，我们为其他未得到关注且最容易营养不良的群体提供支持，例如艾滋病毒感染者。</p> <p>我们采取“预防为先”的方法，努力保障处于人道主义危机中的人们的营养，并支持他们在更稳定的环境中获得健康、营养丰富的饮食。世界粮食计划署为确保需要粮食援助的地区营养充足而努力。除此之外，我们还提供专门的营养食品，以防止营养不良并帮助遭受营养不良的群体恢复健康。我们支持粮食系统的改善和可持续发展，促进营养食品的本地生产，推动主食中维生素和矿物质的强化。  </p> <p>我们与政府和其他营养伙伴合作监测脆弱性。这包括在地球上一些最偏远的地区采用创新方法。</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type-page-links paragraph--view-mode-full mv4 mv5-lg"> <section class="page-links"> <h2 class="page-stripe__title page-links__title">相关话题</h2> <nav class="page-links__wrapper wfp-wrapper ph3 ph0-lg"> <ul class="page-links__items"> <li class="page-links__item"> <a href="https://zh.wfp.org/ending-hunger"> <h3 class="page-links__item-title">终结饥饿</h3> <p>全球有多达7.83亿人面临饥饿</p> </a> </li> <li class="page-links__item"> <a href="https://zh.wfp.org/school-meals"> <h3 class="page-links__item-title">学校供餐计划</h3> <p>帮助每个孩子拥有良好的开端</p> </a> </li> 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