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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-符號研究和應用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#符號研究和應用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>符號研究和應用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-符號研究和應用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-传播学领域" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#传播学领域"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>传播学领域</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-传播学领域-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关传播学领域子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-传播学领域-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-定义" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定义"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>定义</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定义-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-特征" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#特征"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>特征</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-特征-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人类传播中部分有代表性的符号" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人类传播中部分有代表性的符号"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>人类传播中部分有代表性的符号</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人类传播中部分有代表性的符号-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>分类</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-分类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-二分法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#二分法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>二分法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-二分法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-信号" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#信号"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1.1</span> <span>信号</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-信号-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-象征符" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#象征符"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1.2</span> <span>象征符</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-象征符-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-语言符号与非语言符号" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语言符号与非语言符号"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>语言符号与非语言符号</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语言符号与非语言符号-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-语言符号" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语言符号"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2.1</span> <span>语言符号</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语言符号-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-非语言符号" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#非语言符号"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2.2</span> <span>非语言符号</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-非语言符号-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-基本功能" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#基本功能"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>基本功能</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-基本功能-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-传播过程中的意义" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#传播过程中的意义"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>传播过程中的意义</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-传播过程中的意义-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文字符号" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文字符号"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>文字符号</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文字符号-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-标点符号" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#标点符号"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>标点符号</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-标点符号-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-数学符号" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#数学符号"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>数学符号</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-数学符号-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-天文學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#天文學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>天文學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-天文學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-占星學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#占星學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>占星學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-占星學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-性別" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#性別"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>性別</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-性別-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-金融貨幣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#金融貨幣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>金融貨幣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-金融貨幣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-網路文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#網路文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>網路文化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-網路文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其它" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其它"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>其它</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其它-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-備註" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#備註"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>備註</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-備註-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参看" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参看"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>参看</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参看-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>参考来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">象徵符號</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。96种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbool" title="Simbool – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Simbool" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Symbol" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2" title="رمز – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رمز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A9" title="رشمة – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="رشمة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADmbolu" title="Símbolu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Símbolu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simvol" title="Simvol – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Simvol" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%DA%AF%D9%87" title="سیمگه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیمگه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Символ – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Символ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbolo" title="Simbolo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Simbolo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Сімвал – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сімвал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA)" title="Сымбаль (знак) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сымбаль (знак)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Символ – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Символ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95" title="প্রতীক – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রতীক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbol" title="Simbol – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Simbol" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADmbol" title="Símbol – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Símbol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Символ – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Символ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%97%E1%8E%AC%E1%8F%9F%E1%8E%B6%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%99%E1%8F%97" title="ᏗᎬᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏗᎬᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%85%D8%A7" title="ھێما – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھێما" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Symbol" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Symbol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Symbol" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Symbol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF" title="Σύμβολο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σύμβολο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Symbol" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbolo" title="Simbolo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Simbolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADmbolo" title="Símbolo – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Símbolo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCmbol" title="Sümbol – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sümbol" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikur" title="Ikur – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ikur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="نماد – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نماد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symboli" title="Symboli – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Symboli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbole" title="Symbole – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Symbole" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symboal" title="Symboal – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Symboal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siombail" title="Siombail – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Siombail" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADmbolo" title="Símbolo – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Símbolo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%9C" title="סמל – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סמל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95" title="प्रतीक – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रतीक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbol" title="Simbol – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Simbol" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senb%C3%B2l" title="Senbòl – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Senbòl" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szimb%C3%B3lum" title="Szimbólum – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szimbólum" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B7" title="Խորհրդանիշ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խորհրդանիշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B7" title="Խորհրդանիշ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Խորհրդանիշ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolo" title="Symbolo – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Symbolo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbol" title="Simbol – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Simbol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Фискал – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Фискал" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbolo" title="Simbolo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Simbolo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1kn" title="Tákn – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tákn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbolo" title="Simbolo – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Simbolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AB" title="シンボル – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シンボル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D" title="სიმბოლო – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიმბოლო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azamul" title="Azamul – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Azamul" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Символ – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Символ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%B6" title="និមិត្តសញ្ញា – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="និមិត្តសញ្ញា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%81%EC%A7%95" title="상징 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="상징" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Символ – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Символ" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolum" title="Symbolum – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Symbolum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbolis" title="Simbolis – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Simbolis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbols" title="Simbols – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Simbols" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Симбол – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Симбол" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95" title="प्रतीक – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्रतीक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbol" title="Simbol – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Simbol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90" title="သင်္ကေတ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သင်္ကေတ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbool" title="Symbool – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Symbool" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Symbol" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Symbol" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%B7mbole" title="Sŷmbole – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Sŷmbole" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simb%C3%B2l" title="Simbòl – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Simbòl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95" title="ਪ੍ਰਤੀਕ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰਤੀਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Symbol" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADmbolo" title="Símbolo – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Símbolo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanancha" title="Sanancha – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sanancha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbol" title="Simbol – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Simbol" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Символ – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Символ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ACmmulu" title="Sìmmulu – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sìmmulu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seembol" title="Seembol – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Seembol" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbol" title="Simbol – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Simbol" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Symbol" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Symbol" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbol" title="Simbol – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Simbol" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astaan" title="Astaan – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Astaan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simboli" title="Simboli – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Simboli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Симбол – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Симбол" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Symbol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="చిహ్నం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చిహ్నం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C" title="สัญลักษณ์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สัญลักษณ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagisag" title="Sagisag – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sagisag" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sembol" title="Sembol – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sembol" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Символ – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Символ" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Символ – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Символ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA" title="علامت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="علامت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%83u_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng" title="Biểu tượng – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Biểu tượng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbulu" title="Simbulu – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Simbulu" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junj" title="Junj – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Junj" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="符号 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="符号" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D" title="სიმბოლო – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სიმბოლო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Symbol" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="符號 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="符號" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80071#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&oldid=83032283" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&id=83032283&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25B1%25A1%25E5%25BE%25B5%25E7%25AC%25A6%25E8%2599%259F"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25B1%25A1%25E5%25BE%25B5%25E7%25AC%25A6%25E8%2599%259F"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Symbols" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80071" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84596247">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{display:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>，請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="Talk:象徵符號">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Tone plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目的<b>语调或风格或許不适合百科全書。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2019年7月8日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請根據<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%9B%B4%E4%BC%98%E7%A7%80%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E5%86%99%E4%BD%9C%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97#寫作風格" title="Wikipedia:更优秀条目写作指南">指南</a>協助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，並在<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="Talk:象徵符號">讨论页</a>討論問題所在，加以改善。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Prose plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目體裁或許<b>更宜作<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#散文与列表" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/嵌入列表">散文</a>而非<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/列表">列表</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2019年7月8日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>如有餘力，请协助将此条目<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit">改写为散文</a>。<a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Help:编辑页面">查看编辑帮助</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Weasel plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>語意<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%A8%A1%E7%A8%9C%E5%85%A9%E5%8F%AF" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/不要模稜兩可">模稜兩可</a>而損及其<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9" title="Wikipedia:中立的观点">中立性</a>或<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%87%86%E7%A1%AE%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE" title="Wikipedia:准确性争议">準確性</a>。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請在<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="Talk:象徵符號">讨论页</a>討論問題所在及加以改善。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2019年7月8日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazard_F.svg/330px-Hazard_F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazard_F.svg/440px-Hazard_F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>一個用於表示<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%84%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="火焰">火焰</a>的符號。</figcaption></figure> <p>在一种认知体系中，<b>符号</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>（symbol）又译<b>规约符号</b>、<b>象征符号</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，是能表达一定事物或概念且具有简化特征的视听形象或表意系统。所有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%9F%E9%80%9A" title="沟通">沟通</a>都借由使用符号来实现，如使用词语、声音、手势、身姿、想法或视觉图像等形式。 </p><p>符号通常是<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E8%A8%98" class="mw-disambig" title="標記">标记</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%BF%97" title="标志">标志</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="语词">语词</a>；符号可以是图形图像、文字组合，也可以是声音信号、建筑造型，甚至可以是一种思想文化、一个时事人物。例如“=”在数学中是等价的符号，“<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E7%A6%81%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="紫禁城">紫禁城</a>”在政治上是中国古代<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%87%E6%9D%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皇权（页面不存在）">皇权</a>的象征。总的來說，符號的功能是携带和传达意义。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>它具有极为广泛的含义，来自于规定或约定俗成。 </p><p>符号具有简明性、统一性、方便性。用符号表示事物简单明了，避免因事物外形不同而引起的混乱，避免因文字语言不同而引起的混乱。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="符號研究和應用"><span id=".E7.AC.A6.E8.99.9F.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E5.92.8C.E6.87.89.E7.94.A8"></span>符號研究和應用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：符號研究和應用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="符號學">符號學</a>研究符號與符號系統，而<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%84%8F%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="語意學">語意學</a>則研究詞語的意義。</li> <li>優秀的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="文學">文學</a>作品可以利用文字、用語和情境，超越字面的解釋，引發讀者的想像和情感；<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="符號文學評論（页面不存在）">符號文學評論</a>則利用符號學理論，對文學進行研究。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%89%E9%87%91%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="煉金術">煉金術</a>使用了大量的符號，記錄精神和化學過程。到近代不斷演化及變化，形成現今<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="化學符號">化學符號</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="形而上學">形而上學</a>的文獻利用了很多<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="秘教">秘教</a>符號。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%B4%9B%E4%BE%9D%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="佛洛依德">佛洛依德</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="精神分析學">精神分析學</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%AE%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="榮格">榮格</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="分析心理学">分析心理學</a>認為，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A2" title="夢">夢</a>有符號象徵的意義。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="传播学领域"><span id=".E4.BC.A0.E6.92.AD.E5.AD.A6.E9.A2.86.E5.9F.9F"></span>传播学领域</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：传播学领域"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在传播学中，符号具有极为广泛的含义。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="定义"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E4.B9.89"></span>定义</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：定义"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>事物之间存在着某种指代或表述关系，如“X能够指代或表述Y”，那么事物X是事物Y的符号，Y是X指代的事物或表述的意义。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这种关系被<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E7%BB%AA%E5%B0%94" title="费迪南·德·索绪尔">索绪尔</a>在《<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B" title="普通语言学教程">普通语言学教程</a>》中被界定为<b>能指</b>(signifier)和<b>所指</b>(signified)。能指，又称意符，通常表现为声音或图像，能够引发人们对特定对象事物的概念联想；所指，又称意指，即意符所指代或表述的对象事物的概念（意义）。 </p><p><b>“任何事物只要它独立存在，并和另一事物有联系，而且可以被‘解释’，那么它的功能就是符号。”</b><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>符号是在一定的指代和表述关系中产生的。</li> <li>符号可以在形式上独立存在。</li> <li>人们以符号为介质从事信息传播，其目的是达到意义的交流与互动，而这种交流互动只有通过传受双方的对符号意义的“解释”才能够获得。</li> <li>传播者通过符号化活动来“建构”意义，而受传者则通过符号解读来理解意义。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="特征"><span id=".E7.89.B9.E5.BE.81"></span>特征</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：特征"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><b>媒介关联物</b> 代表事物的形式——符号</li> <li><b>对象关联物</b> 被符号指涉的对象——对象</li> <li><b>解释关联物</b> 对符号的意义解释——解释</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人类传播中部分有代表性的符号"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E7.B1.BB.E4.BC.A0.E6.92.AD.E4.B8.AD.E9.83.A8.E5.88.86.E6.9C.89.E4.BB.A3.E8.A1.A8.E6.80.A7.E7.9A.84.E7.AC.A6.E5.8F.B7"></span>人类传播中部分有代表性的符号</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：人类传播中部分有代表性的符号"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>声音语言人类掌握的第一套完整的听觉符号体系</li> <li>文字人类创造的第一套完整的视觉符号体系</li> <li>语言人类传播的基本符号体系，但并非唯一的体系</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="分类"><span id=".E5.88.86.E7.B1.BB"></span>分类</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：分类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>学者们提出了多种分类方法。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="二分法"><span id=".E4.BA.8C.E5.88.86.E6.B3.95"></span>二分法</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：二分法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>符号(sign)分为<b>信号</b>(signal)和<b>象征符</b>(symbol)。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="信号"><span id=".E4.BF.A1.E5.8F.B7"></span>信号</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：信号"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>信号与其表示的对象事物之间具有自然的因果性，一切自然符号都是信号。</li> <li>信号与其表示的事物之间通常具有一对一的固定对应关系。在自然符号中这种对应关系是明显的。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="象征符"><span id=".E8.B1.A1.E5.BE.81.E7.AC.A6"></span>象征符</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：象征符"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>可分为为"示现型象征符"、 "论述型象征符"、"认知型象征符"和"价值型象征符"等。象征符是人类特有的符号，只有人类才能创造和使用象征符。人类通过驾驭象征符体系形成不同的社会文化。 </p> <ul><li>必须是人工符号</li> <li>能够表达观念、思想等抽象的事物</li> <li>通过传统、通过学习来继承</li> <li>可以自由创造</li> <li>具有表象和概念的功能</li> <li>具有自由性和随意性</li> <li>一种社会文化现象，即同一象征符在不同社会里会有不同解释</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="语言符号与非语言符号"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E7.AC.A6.E5.8F.B7.E4.B8.8E.E9.9D.9E.E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E7.AC.A6.E5.8F.B7"></span>语言符号与非语言符号</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：语言符号与非语言符号"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由于语言（包括再现语言的文字）是人类最基本的符号体系。因此传播学一般将人类使用的符号分为语言符号和非语言符号两大类。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="语言符号"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E7.AC.A6.E5.8F.B7"></span>语言符号</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：语言符号"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>语言的产生，是完成从动物传播到人类传播之巨大飞跃的根本标志。其产生的根本动力是人类最基本的创造性活动：劳动。 </p><p>人类语言的特点<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ul><li>人类语言是一种具有音节区分的声音符号体系</li> <li>与本能相关的声音较少，发音和语句在结构上具有逻辑性</li> <li>具有自由模仿其他声音的能力</li> <li>在没有外部刺激的情况下也能自主发声</li> <li>能够自主地赏娱音声的节奏和韵律</li></ul> <p>人类语言的特性： <b>能动性和创造性是人类语言区别于动物界信号系统最根本的特征。</b> </p> <ul><li>人类语言具有超越历史时间和空间的能力，它不仅能够表述现在，而且能够表述过去和未来；不仅能够表述眼前的事物，而且能够表述在遥远空间的事物。</li> <li>人类语言具有无限的灵活性，可以表达任何具体的、抽象的甚至虚构的事物，在表达内容上几乎没有任何限制。</li> <li>人类语言具有发音的经济性，以有限的几十种元音和辅音，配之以声调变化，能够组合成数十万以上的语音单词。</li> <li>人类语言具有巨大的能动性和创造性。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="非语言符号"><span id=".E9.9D.9E.E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E7.AC.A6.E5.8F.B7"></span>非语言符号</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：非语言符号"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>分类</b>： </p> <ul><li><b>语言符号的伴生符</b>，也称<b>副语言</b>，如音调、音量、语速等。对语言起辅助作用，且本身具有其特定的意义，起着加强语言符号的作用或传递着语言符号以外的信息。</li> <li><b>体态符号</b>(gesture)，有人称之为<b>体态语言</b>，如动作、表情等。既可以独立使用，又可以与语言并用，在形成语境（传播情境）方面起着重要作用。</li> <li><b>物化、活动化、程式化、仪式化的符号</b>如仪式和习惯、徽章和旗帜、服装和饮食、音乐和舞蹈、美术和建筑、手艺和技能、住宅和庭园、城市和消费方式等。具有独立性、能动性、象征性和体系性。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="基本功能"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E6.9C.AC.E5.8A.9F.E8.83.BD"></span>基本功能</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：基本功能"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>表述和说明</b> ，精神内容本身是无形的，传播者只有借助于某种、可感知的物质形式，借助于符号才能表现出来。通过符号化(encoding)，即传播者将自己要传递的讯息或意义转换为语言、音声、文字或其他符号的活动，和符号解读(decoding)，即传播对象对接收到的符号加以阐释和理解，读取其意义的活动，实现人与人之间的传播活动。</li> <li><b>传达</b> 作为精神内容的意义如果不转换为具有一定物质形式的符号，是不可能在时间和空间中得到传播和保存的。</li> <li><b>思考</b> 引发思维活动。其中概念是反映事物的内涵和外延的思维形式，它并不能独立存在，而是作为符号与语言相共存。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="传播过程中的意义"><span id=".E4.BC.A0.E6.92.AD.E8.BF.87.E7.A8.8B.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E6.84.8F.E4.B9.89"></span>传播过程中的意义</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：传播过程中的意义"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>符号本身是具有意义的，但意义并不仅仅存在于符号本身，而是存在于人类传播的全部过程和环节当中。 </p> <ul><li>传播者的意义传播者的意义并不总是能够得到正确的传达，符号本身的意义与传播者的意义不一定相同。</li> <li>受传者的意义符号本身的意义与受传者的意义不一定相同。</li> <li>情境意义，语言符号不提供也不可能提供传播活动的全部意义，交流的所得，有相当一部分来自于语境，传播学中称其为传播情境。传播情境指是对特定的传播行为直接或间接产生影响的外部事物、条件或因素的总称。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>意义并不仅仅存在于符号本身，原因如下： </p> <ul><li>不能以明确的符号形式表达出来的意义不是清晰的意义。</li> <li>符号与意义的关系是形式与内容的关系，形式具有相对稳定性，而与丰富的社会生活实际相联系的意义具有多变性。</li> <li>人类整体驾驭符号表述和解读意义的能力是无限的，而作为个人，这种能力是有限的。</li> <li>情境意义，也可以说是由一系列情境符号及其相互组合所形成的意义。</li></ul> <p>由此证明人类的符号和意义活动具有多样性和复杂性。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文字符号"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.97.E7.AC.A6.E5.8F.B7"></span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文字符号（页面不存在）">文字符号</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：文字符号"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%BA%90%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="自源文字">自源文字</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%94%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="楔形文字">楔形文字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="字母系統">字母系統</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="字母">字母</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" title="數字">數字</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬數字">羅馬數字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87" title="甲骨文">甲骨文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="注音符號">注音符號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89)" class="mw-disambig" title="拼音 (消歧义)">拼音 (消歧義)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6" class="mw-disambig" title="字符">字符</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">國際音標</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="标点符号"><span id=".E6.A0.87.E7.82.B9.E7.AC.A6.E5.8F.B7"></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E7%82%B9%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="标点符号">标点符号</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：标点符号"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="?">?</a>（問號）/ <a href="/wiki/!" class="mw-redirect" title="!">!</a>（感歎號）/ <a href="/wiki/%E3%80%82" class="mw-redirect" title="。">。</a>（句號）/ <a href="/wiki/%26" title="&">&</a>（與及）/ <a href="/wiki/%EF%BC%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="，">，</a>（逗號）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="数学符号"><span id=".E6.95.B0.E5.AD.A6.E7.AC.A6.E5.8F.B7"></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="數學符號">数学符号</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：数学符号"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E4%BA%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="等于">=</a>（等号）/ <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%95" title="加法">+</a>（加号）/ <a href="/wiki/%E5%87%8F%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="减法">-</a>（减号）/ <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%98%E6%B3%95" title="乘法">×</a>（乘号）/ <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%A4%E6%B3%95" title="除法">÷</a>（除号）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E2%89%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="≠">≠</a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%AD%89" title="不等">≤</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%89%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="≥">≥</a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%AD%89%E8%99%9F" title="不等號"><</a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%AD%89%E8%99%9F" title="不等號">></a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%89%A1" class="mw-disambig" title="≡">≡</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%89%88" class="mw-redirect" title="≈">≈</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%89%85" class="mw-disambig" title="≅">≅</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="∝">∝</a> <a href="/wiki/%C2%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="°">°</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%88%86%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="角分符号">′</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%88%86%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="角分符号">″</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="∴">∴</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%88%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="∵（页面不存在）">∵</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%92" class="mw-redirect" title="−">−</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%97" class="mw-redirect" title="×">×</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="÷">÷</a> <a href="/wiki/%C2%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="±">±</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%8A%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="⊥">⊥</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%8A%95" class="mw-redirect" title="⊕">⊕</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%8A%97" class="mw-redirect" title="⊗">⊗</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%97" class="mw-redirect" title="∗">∗</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="…">…</a> <a href="/wiki/%C2%BD" class="mw-disambig" title="½">½</a> <a href="/wiki/%C2%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="²">²</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%95%B8" title="立方數">³</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%82" title="∂">∂</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E8%A1%A8" title="数学符号表">∫</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%91" class="mw-redirect" title="∑">∑</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="∞">∞</a> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0" title="Π">Π</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="√">√</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%87" class="mw-redirect" title="∇">∇</a> <a href="/wiki/%3D" class="mw-redirect" title="=">=</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%86%90" class="mw-disambig" title="←">←</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%86%92" class="mw-redirect" title="→">→</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%86%94" class="mw-redirect" title="↔">↔</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%87%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="⇐（页面不存在）">⇐</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%87%92" class="mw-redirect" title="⇒">⇒</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%87%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="⇔（页面不存在）">⇔</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%8C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="⌈">⌈</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%8C%89" class="mw-redirect" title="⌉">⌉</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%8C%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="⌊">⌊</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%8C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="⌋">⌋</a> <a href="/wiki/%C2%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="¬">¬</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="∧">∧</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="∨">∨</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%83" class="mw-redirect" title="∃">∃</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%80" class="mw-redirect" title="∀">∀</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%88" class="mw-redirect" title="∈">∈</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0_(%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8)" title="元素 (數學)">∉</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0_(%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8)" title="元素 (數學)">∋</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%85" class="mw-redirect" title="∅">∅</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%8A%86" class="mw-redirect" title="⊆">⊆</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%86" title="子集">⊇</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%86" title="子集">⊃</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%8A%82" class="mw-redirect" title="⊂">⊂</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%86" title="子集">⊄</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="∪">∪</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="∩">∩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉伯數字">0123456789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%97%E5%B9%9F%E5%AD%B8#旗幟識別符號（FIS）" title="旗幟學">旗幟識別符號</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="天文學"><span id=".E5.A4.A9.E6.96.87.E5.AD.B8"></span>天文學</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：天文學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="天文符號">天文符號</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="占星學"><span id=".E5.8D.A0.E6.98.9F.E5.AD.B8"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="占星學">占星學</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：占星學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="西洋占星學">星座符號</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="性別"><span id=".E6.80.A7.E5.88.A5"></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="性別">性別</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：性別"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%AB%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="性别符号">性別符號</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="金融貨幣"><span id=".E9.87.91.E8.9E.8D.E8.B2.A8.E5.B9.A3"></span>金融貨幣</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：金融貨幣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="貨幣符號">貨幣符號</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="網路文化"><span id=".E7.B6.B2.E8.B7.AF.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="網絡文化">網路文化</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：網路文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="網路語言">網路語言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%96%87" title="火星文">火星文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E6%83%85%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="表情符號">表情符號</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其它"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E5.AE.83"></span>其它</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：其它"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在人类文化中出现过的符号。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E2%99%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="♠">♠</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E2%99%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="♣">♣</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E2%99%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="♦">♦</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E2%99%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="♥">♥</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8D" title="卍">卍</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97" title="十字">十字</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A4%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%8E%E9%95%B0%E5%88%80" class="mw-redirect" title="锤子与镰刀">☭</a>（锤子与镰刀）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="備註"><span id=".E5.82.99.E8.A8.BB"></span>備註</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：備註"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">本文按學者<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%B9%BC%E8%92%B8" title="李幼蒸">李幼蒸</a>著作，將 sign 譯為“記號”，symbol 譯為“符號”，以期符合其他條目（如<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E8%99%9F" title="記號">記號</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="符號學">符號學</a>）之論述；事實上，許多學者如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%99%E6%AF%85%E8%A1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="趙毅衡（页面不存在）">趙毅衡</a>，將 sign 譯為“符號”，symbol 譯為“象征”。学者何秀煌认为：记号比符号义广，它可分为自然记号和人工记号，前者适用于表达自然界的信息，如DNA代表遗传信息；后者指人类创造的符号系统，如文字、图象等，人工记号也就是符号。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参看"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E7.9C.8B"></span>参看</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：参看"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E8%99%9F" title="記號">記號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="符号学">符号学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="符号学家（页面不存在）">符号学家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="語言">語言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E8%85%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="图腾">图腾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E8%AA%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="標誌">標誌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%8B%E8%AD%9C" title="棋譜">棋譜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E9%A2%91%E7%8E%87" title="字母频率">字母频率</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD%E5%BD%95" title="维基语录">维基语录</a>上的<b><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/Symbols" class="extiw" title="q:Symbols">Symbols语录</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Symbols" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Symbols"><span style="font-weight:bold;">象徵符號</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170822225637/http://www.symbols.com/">symbols.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://livingartsoriginals.com/">Symbols meanings for hundreds of symbols</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200401204045/http://livingartsoriginals.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://community.fandom.com/wiki/w:c:symbolism" class="extiw" title="wikia:symbolism">Symbolism Wiki</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110324065614/http://www.digiden.nl/en/symbols-and-signs/">Symbols & signs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancient-symbols.com/">Ancient Symbolism</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20101126172552/http://www.ancient-symbols.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.numericana.com/answer/symbol.htm">Numericana</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110510040028/http://www.numericana.com/answer/symbol.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forbiddensymbols.com">Forbidden symbols - Signs and symbols of cults, gangs and secret societies</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210126013602/http://www.forbiddensymbols.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107223553/https://wikisymbol.com/">symbols, signs, logos, and their meanings</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考来源"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>参考来源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：参考来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/919557a46369454119bc2b55dd97225c">符號</a>. 樂詞網. <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="國家教育研究院">國家教育研究院</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&rft.atitle=%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%A8%82%E8%A9%9E%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fterms.naer.edu.tw%2Fdetail%2F919557a46369454119bc2b55dd97225c&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（繁體中文）</span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.termonline.cn/wordDetail?subject=0369133626a911eeace5b068e6519520&base=1">符号</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD%E5%9C%A8%E7%BA%BF" title="术语在线">术语在线</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D%E5%AE%A1%E5%AE%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="全国科学技术名词审定委员会">全国科学技术名词审定委员会</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&rft.atitle=%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD%E5%9C%A8-%7B%7D-%E7%BA%BF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.termonline.cn%2FwordDetail%3Fsubject%3D0369133626a911eeace5b068e6519520%26base%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（简体中文）</span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.termonline.cn/wordDetail?subject=1c84492c835811eeabb90242ac110002&base=1">象征符号</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD%E5%9C%A8%E7%BA%BF" title="术语在线">术语在线</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D%E5%AE%A1%E5%AE%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="全国科学技术名词审定委员会">全国科学技术名词审定委员会</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&rft.atitle=%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%81%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD%E5%9C%A8-%7B%7D-%E7%BA%BF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.termonline.cn%2FwordDetail%3Fsubject%3D1c84492c835811eeabb90242ac110002%26base%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（简体中文）</span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《传播学教程第二版》，郭庆光著，中国人民大学出版社34页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[日]永井成男：《符号学》,1版,74页,东京,北树出版社,1989.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[英]特伦斯·霍克斯《结构主义与符号学》，上海译文出版社，132页，上海，上海译文出版社，1987</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[日]永野为武：《动物"语言"的秘密》，203-204页。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[英]特伦斯·霍克斯：《结构主义和符号学》，83页。</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><cite class="citation book">郭庆光. 传播学教程（第二版）. 中国人民大学出版社. 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&rft.au=%E9%83%AD%E5%BA%86%E5%85%89&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" 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