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href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Controscarpa" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>registrati</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Controscarpa" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>entra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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</a> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Controscarpa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 14 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraescarpa" title="Contraescarpa - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Contraescarpa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrescarpe" title="Contrescarpe - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Contrescarpe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterscarp" title="Counterscarp - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Counterscarp" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraescarpa" title="Contraescarpa - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Contraescarpa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrescarpe" title="Contrescarpe - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Contrescarpe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontreskarpo" title="Kontreskarpo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kontreskarpo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF" title="Контрэскарп - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Контрэскарп" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontreskarpas" title="Kontreskarpas - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kontreskarpas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontraskarpa" title="Kontraskarpa - maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kontraskarpa" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przeciwskarpa" title="Przeciwskarpa - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przeciwskarpa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraescarpa" title="Contraescarpa - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Contraescarpa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF" title="Контрэскарп - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Контрэскарп" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontereskarp" title="Kontereskarp - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kontereskarp" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li 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mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Controscarpa" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Controscarpa" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Controscarpa&oldid=138123470" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q545975" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FortN.gracht03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/FortN.gracht03.jpg/220px-FortN.gracht03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/FortN.gracht03.jpg/330px-FortN.gracht03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/FortN.gracht03.jpg/440px-FortN.gracht03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Controscarpa di una <a href="/wiki/Fortezza" title="Fortezza">fortezza</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/Et%C3%A0_napoleonica" title="Età napoleonica">epoca napoleonica</a> (Fort Napoleon, <a href="/wiki/Ostenda" title="Ostenda">Ostenda</a>). La controscarpa, a quei tempi, era divenuta verticale. L'edificio sul fondo del fossato è una <a href="/wiki/Caponiera" title="Caponiera">caponiera</a> dalla quale i difensori , protetti dai cannoni, potevano far fuoco sugli assalitori che riuscivano a scendere nel fossato.</figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>controscarpa</b> o <b>contrascarpa</b> è la parete esterna del <a href="/wiki/Fossato" title="Fossato">fossato</a>, usato nelle <a href="/wiki/Fortificazione" title="Fortificazione">fortificazioni</a>, e si contrappone alla <a href="/wiki/Scarpa_(architettura)" title="Scarpa (architettura)">scarpa</a>, parete interna (verso il forte) dello stesso fossato. </p><p>Se il fossato è costruito all'interno di una fortificazione si chiamano "controscarpe" entrambe le pareti del fossato stesso. </p><p>Gli attaccanti (se non avevano costruito un <a href="/wiki/Ponte" title="Ponte">ponte</a> sul fossato) dovevano discendere la controscarpa, attraversare il fossato e salire sulla scarpa. </p><p>Nelle fortificazioni permanenti la scarpa e la controscarpa potevano avere paramenti in pietra o <a href="/wiki/Laterizio" title="Laterizio">laterizio</a>. Nelle fortificazioni provvisorie la controscarpa poteva essere provvista di una <a href="/wiki/Palizzata" title="Palizzata">palizzata</a> posta ad angolo in modo da non dare copertura agli attaccanti, ma rendere più difficili l'avanzata e la ritirata. </p><p>Se un attaccante riusciva ad aprire una breccia nel muro poteva essere costruita, all'interno del muro, una "cesura" (un fossato o un semplice muro) al fine di impedire un attacco da parte di truppe votate alla morte: in questo caso la controscarpa è il lato del fossato più lontano dal muro sbrecciato e più vicino al centro della fortificazione.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il termine "scarpa" in architettura ha la stessa etimologia della "scarpa" intesa come <a href="/wiki/Calzatura" title="Calzatura">calzatura</a> (dal francese <i>escarp</i>; cfr. l'inglese <i>sharp</i> col senso di acuto, tagliente, da latino <i>scalpere</i> in quanto la calzatura termina a punta)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e quindi anche della "scarpata" cioè il fronte in pendenza di una parete di una montagna. In questo caso indica la "scarpata" del fossato verso il muro della fortezza. La controscarpa le si oppone geometricamente al di là del fossato. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Controscarpa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Controscarpa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.libraryireland.com/articles/clonmelmonastery/index.php">Clonmel: Its Monastery, and Siege by Cromwell</a> From Duffy's Hibernian Magazine, Vol. III, No. 14, August 1861</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etimo.it/?term=scarpa&find=Cerca"><span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario Etimologico Online</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">etimo.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 20 gennaio 2012</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Controscarpa&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Controscarpa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(In <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese">lingua inglese</a>, salvo diverso avviso) </p> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Hugh Chisholm (a cura di), <a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/en:1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Counterscarp" class="extiw" title="s:en:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Counterscarp"><span style="font-style:italic;">Counterscarp</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, XI, Cambridge University Press, 1911.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070312010221/http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/art-4034"><span style="font-style:italic;">counterscarp: European fortress wall - Art - Britannica Concise: diagram</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">concise.britannica.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 18 maggio 2006</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/art-4034">url originale</abbr> il 12 marzo 2007)</small>.</cite></li> <li>Stephen Francis Wyley (Drawings by Steven Lowe) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.angelfire.com/wy/svenskildbiter/madict.html">A Dictionary of Military Architecture Fortification and Fieldworks from the Iron Age to the Eighteenth Century: Counterscarp</a></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://civilwarfortifications.com/dictionary/xgc-015.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Counterscarp Gallery</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">civilwarfortifications.com</span>.</cite></li> <li>E. Cobham Brewer 1810–1897 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/81/4213.html">Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898: Counterscarp</a></li> <li>Jean Lafitte <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060314212758/http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/jela/hrs4.htm">Historic Resource Study, (chapter 4): Jackson's line at Rodriguez Canal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Controscarpa&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Controscarpa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/controscarpa" class="extiw" title="wikt:controscarpa">Wikizionario</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/controscarpa" class="extiw" title="wikt:controscarpa">controscarpa</a></b>»</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Fortificazioni_militari"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C2B280;"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fortificazioni_militari" title="Template:Fortificazioni militari"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Fortificazioni_militari" title="Discussioni template:Fortificazioni militari"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Fortificazioni_militari&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Fortificazione" title="Fortificazione">Fortificazioni militari</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center;background-color:#C2B280;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortificazioni_antiche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fortificazioni antiche (la pagina non esiste)">Fortificazioni antiche</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Abbattuta_(fortificazione)" title="Abbattuta (fortificazione)">Abbattuta</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aggere" title="Aggere">Aggere</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bastione_circolare" title="Bastione circolare">Bastione circolare</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bocca_di_lupo_(difesa)" title="Bocca di lupo (difesa)">Bocca di lupo</a><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Burgus" title="Burgus">Burgus</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Castellum" title="Castellum">Castellum</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Castrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Castrum">Castrum</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Crann%C3%B3g" title="Crannóg">Crannóg</a></i><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dun_(archeologia)" title="Dun (archeologia)">Dun</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fortezza_di_carri" title="Fortezza di carri">Fortezza di carri</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fortezza_di_collina" title="Fortezza di collina">Fortezza di collina</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fossati_circolari" title="Fossati circolari">Fossati circolari</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hydreuma" title="Hydreuma">Hydreuma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Limes_(storia_romana)" title="Limes (storia romana)"><i>Limes</i></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mura_(fortificazione)" title="Mura (fortificazione)">Mura difensive</a><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Murus_dacicus" title="Murus dacicus">Murus dacicus</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Murus_gallicus" title="Murus gallicus">Murus gallicus</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Ocres" title="Ocres">Ocres</a></i><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Palizzata" title="Palizzata">Palizzata</a><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Sudis_(storia)" title="Sudis (storia)">Sudis</a></i><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Torre_d%27avvistamento" title="Torre d'avvistamento">Torre d'avvistamento</a><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Vallum" title="Vallum">Vallum</a></i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center;background-color:#C2B280;"><a href="/wiki/Fortificazione_medievale" title="Fortificazione medievale">Fortificazioni medievali</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Beccatello" title="Beccatello">Beccatello</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Balestriera" title="Balestriera">Balestriera</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Baluardo" title="Baluardo">Baluardo/Bastione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barbacane" title="Barbacane">Barbacane</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battifredo_(torre)" title="Battifredo (torre)">Battifredo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bertesca" title="Bertesca">Bertesca</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Buca_assassina" title="Buca assassina">Buca assassina</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cammino_di_ronda" title="Cammino di ronda">Cammino di ronda</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Casatorre" title="Casatorre">Casatorre</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cassero_(architettura)" title="Cassero (architettura)">Cassero</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Castello" title="Castello">Castello</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Castello_concentrico" title="Castello concentrico">Castello concentrico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cavallo_di_Frisia" title="Cavallo di Frisia">Cavallo di Frisia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chiesa_fortificata" title="Chiesa fortificata">Chiesa fortificata</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cittadella_(fortezza)" title="Cittadella (fortezza)">Cittadella</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Corpo_di_guardia" title="Corpo di guardia">Corpo di guardia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dongione" title="Dongione">Dongione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Feritoia" title="Feritoia">Feritoia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fossato" title="Fossato">Fossato</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gabbione" title="Gabbione">Gabbione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Garitta_di_vedetta" title="Garitta di vedetta">Garitta di vedetta</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Guljaj-gorod" title="Guljaj-gorod">Guljaj-gorod</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Maschio_(architettura)" title="Maschio (architettura)">Mastio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Merlo_(architettura)" title="Merlo (architettura)">Merlatura</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Motta_castrale" title="Motta castrale">Motta castrale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Muratura_a_sacco" title="Muratura a sacco">Muratura a sacco</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Muro_di_cortina" title="Muro di cortina">Muro di cortina</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Muro_di_pietra" title="Muro di pietra">Muro di pietra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muri_divisori_(forticazioni)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muri divisori (forticazioni) (la pagina non esiste)">Muri divisori</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Peel_tower" title="Peel tower">Peel tower</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Piede_di_corvo_(arma)" title="Piede di corvo (arma)">Piede di corvo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Piombatoia" title="Piombatoia">Piombatoia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ponte_levatoio" title="Ponte levatoio">Ponte levatoio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Porta_cittadina" title="Porta cittadina">Porta cittadina</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Redondone" title="Redondone">Redondone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ricetto" title="Ricetto">Ricetto</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rivellino" title="Rivellino">Rivellino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rocca_(fortificazione)" title="Rocca (fortificazione)">Rocca</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bastia_(fortificazione)" title="Bastia (fortificazione)">Bastia</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Saracinesca" title="Saracinesca">Saracinesca</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scarpa_(architettura)" title="Scarpa (architettura)">Scarpa</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spalto" title="Spalto">Spalto</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Torre" title="Torre">Torre</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Torretta_(architettura)" title="Torretta (architettura)">Torretta</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Torre_delle_streghe" title="Torre delle streghe">Torre delle streghe</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Torre_muraria" title="Torre muraria">Torre muraria</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Torre_d%27avvistamento" title="Torre d'avvistamento">Torre d'avvistamento</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Torre_scudata" title="Torre scudata">Torre scudata</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yett" title="Yett">Yett</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center;background-color:#C2B280;"><a href="/wiki/Fortificazione_alla_moderna" title="Fortificazione alla moderna">Fortificazioni alla moderna</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannoniera_(fortificazione)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannoniera (fortificazione) (la pagina non esiste)">Cannoniera</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Caponiera" title="Caponiera">Caponiera</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cavaliere_(fortificazione)" title="Cavaliere (fortificazione)">Cavaliere</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Controscarpa</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Coronamento" title="Coronamento">Coronamento</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Forte_a_stella" title="Forte a stella">Forte a stella</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fortificazione_a_base_poligonale" title="Fortificazione a base poligonale">Fortificazione a base poligonale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lunetta_(fortificazione)" title="Lunetta (fortificazione)">Lunetta</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muri_di_sabbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muri di sabbia (la pagina non esiste)">Muri di sabbia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Opera_a_corno" title="Opera a corno">Opera a 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title="Terrapieno">Terrapieno</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Torre_costiera" title="Torre costiera">Torre costiera</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Torrione_(architettura)" title="Torrione (architettura)">Torrione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Traditore_(architettura)" title="Traditore (architettura)">Traditore</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center;background-color:#C2B280;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortificazioni_coloniali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fortificazioni coloniali (la pagina non esiste)">Fortificazioni coloniali</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Stazione_difensiva" title="Stazione difensiva">Stazione difensiva</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Blockhaus" title="Blockhaus">Blockhaus</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center;background-color:#C2B280;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortificazioni_nel_XIX_secolo&action=edit&redlink=1" 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