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class="post-220097 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-environment-sustainability category-medical-research category-stanford-medicine category-stanford-school-of-medicine tag-news-home" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">How some sunscreens damage coral</h1> <link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2022/05/10/how-some-sunscreens-damage-coral/"/> <div class="entry-summary-top" itemprop="description alternativeHeadline"> Researchers have discovered a mechanism for how corals are damaged by a component of sunscreen: oxybenzone. </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="byline"><span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span class="screen-reader-text">Author </span><a class="url fn n" href="https://scopeblog.stanford.edu/author/rob-jordan/" rel="author" itemprop="url name">Rob Jordan</a></span></span><span class="posted-on"><span class="screen-reader-text">Published on </span><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-05-10T13:30:00-07:00" itemprop="dateModified datePublished">May 10, 2022</time><time class="updated" datetime="2023-12-12T16:49:47-08:00">December 12, 2023</time></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="articleBody"> <style type="text/css">.essb_links.essb_template_clear-retina li a:hover .essb_icon{background-color:#81221D !important;color:white !important;border:1px #81221D solid;transition:background-color 0.5s ease}.essb_links.essb_template_clear-retina a .essb_icon{color:black !important;border:1px black solid;background-color:transparent !important;width:42px !important;height:42px !important;-webkit-border-radius:24px}.essb_links.essb_share .essb_icon:before{font-size:20px!important;top:11px!important;left:11px!important}.essb_links li,.essb_links ul{padding:6px!important}</style><div class="essb_links 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onclick="essb.tracking_only('', 'mail', '1460757011', true);" target="_self" rel="nofollow" class="nolightbox" ><span class="essb_icon essb_icon_mail essb-s-bg-mail essb-s-c-light essb-s-ch-light essb-s-bgh-dark essb-s-bg-network"><svg class="essb-svg-icon essb-svg-icon-mail" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" width="32" height="32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 60 60"><polygon points="60,50.234 60,9.944 39.482,30.536 " /><polygon points="0,9.941 0,50.234 20.519,30.535 " /><path d="M1.387,8.5l21.002,21.08c0.121,0.051,0.471,0.415,0.517,0.519l5.941,5.963c0.635,0.591,1.672,0.59,2.333-0.025l5.911-5.933c0.046-0.105,0.4-0.473,0.522-0.524L58.615,8.5H1.387z" /><path d="M38.07,31.954l-5.5,5.52c-0.73,0.68-1.657,1.019-2.58,1.019c-0.914,0-1.823-0.332-2.533-0.993l-5.526-5.546L1.569,51.5h56.862L38.07,31.954z" /></svg></span><span class="essb_network_name essb_noname"></span></a></li></ul></div> <p>Avid beachgoers likely know the perils of some sunscreens for coral reefs -- particularly those that contain an ingredient known as oxybenzone, a chemical shown to protect the skin against UV rays.</p> <p>Scientists, too, have known for some time that oxybenzone can damage corals. But, how that happens has largely remained a mystery, making it difficult to ensure that sunscreen components proposed as alternatives are truly safer for corals. Now, researchers including <a href="https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/john-pringle">John Pringle</a>, PhD, a professor of genetics, have discovered a mechanism by which oxybenzone could hasten the demise of these endangered ecosystems.</p> <p>"It would be a sad irony if ecotourism aimed at protecting coral reefs were actually exacerbating their decline," said study lead author <a href="https://profiles.stanford.edu/djordje-vuckovic">Djordje Vuckovic</a>, a PhD student in civil and environmental engineering. "I hope that our research will help the development of sunscreens that are less likely to harm reefs."</p> <p>Scientists hope that revealing how some sunscreens erode corals could inform new sunscreen recipes that are effective and safe for corals, according to an <a href="https://woods.stanford.edu/news/understanding-how-sunscreens-damage-coral">article</a> published by the <a href="http://woods.stanford.edu/">Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment</a>. They also hope that their collaboration inspires other researchers to bridge disciplinary divides.</p> <p>A study detailing the research was <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn2600">published</a> May 6 in <em>Science</em>.</p> <h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-lab-lessons-inform-ocean-science"><strong>Lab lessons inform ocean science</strong></h4> <p>The scientists studied anemones as surrogates for reef-building corals, which are much harder to experiment with, as well as mushroom corals. Exposed to oxybenzone in artificial seawater under simulated sunshine, the anemones all died within 17 days; whereas anemones exposed to the same concentration of oxybenzone in the absence of simulated sunlight remained viable.</p> <p>Oxybenzone is <mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-black-color">formulated</mark> to dissipate the potentially <mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-black-color">skin-</mark>damaging energy from ultraviolet light as heat, preventing the tissue damage that causes sunburn. The anemones and mushroom corals, however, converted oxybenzone to compounds that formed damaging molecules, called radicals, when exposed to sunlight. This might relate to sunscreen instructions that advise reapplication after a few hours, the researchers speculate: People also absorb oxybenzone, and perhaps metabolize it, so they may need repeated applications to maintain sun protection. (People, however, don't convert oxybenzone to radicals upon absorption like corals do.)</p> <p>The researchers plan to analyze other sunscreen ingredients to determine their coral-damaging potential. In the meantime, "I will continue to play it safe by wearing a full-body Lycra suit while snorkeling, with, at most, a little sunscreen on the back of my neck," said Pringle.</p> <p>Photo by <a href="https://stock.adobe.com/images/coral-bleaching-occurs-when-sea-surface-temperatures-rise/162869367?asset_id=162869367">Sanbangvideo</a></p> <div class="essb_break_scroll"></div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta"> <div class="meta_section clearfix" itemprop="articleSection"> <h2>Category</h2> <div class="term term_link red_link"><a href="https://scopeblog.stanford.edu/category/environment-sustainability/" rel="category tag">Environment & Sustainability</a> <a href="https://scopeblog.stanford.edu/category/stanford-medicine/medical-research/" rel="category tag">Medical Research</a> <a href="https://scopeblog.stanford.edu/category/stanford-medicine/" rel="category tag">Stanford Medicine</a> <a href="https://scopeblog.stanford.edu/category/organization/stanford-school-of-medicine/" 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