DCPP - 36. Diseases of the Kidney and the Urinary System

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Diseases of the Kidney and the Urinary System</h1> </div> <div class="leftcol"> <div class="leftblock twocol"> <div class="left_col"> <div class="left_col_block color" id="customBookBox"> <h3>CUSTOM BOOKS</h3> <div class="contentblock"> <p>Select, organize, download, and save your choice of chapters into a single PDF file for printing and distribution. This is a free service.</p> <p> <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/page/main/MyDCPP.html" id="link_custombook">My DCPP</a><br/> Log in to view your saved custom books </p> </div> </div> <div class="left_col_block color"> <h3>CHAPTER INFO</h3> <div class="contentblock"> <p> Editors/Authors: John Dirks, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Susan Horton, Arrigo Schieppati, and S. Adibul Hasan Rizvi<br/> Pages: 12<br/> </p> <div class="normal"> <ul> <li><a href="#outlineanchor" id="goto_outline">Sections</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080129005409/http://files.dcp2.org/pdf/DCP/DCP36.pdf" target="_blank"> Download PDF Version</a> </li> <li><a href="javascript:popup_window();" id="howtocite"> How To Cite</a></li> </ul> <p> <strong>Region</strong> <br/> <span id="regions"> <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/regions/1" id="country_1"> East Asia and Pacific </a> <br/> <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/regions/23" id="country_23"> Europe and Central Asia </a> <br/> <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/regions/102" id="country_102"> High Income OECD </a> <br/> <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/regions/51" id="country_51"> Latin America and the Caribbean </a> <br/> <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/regions/85" id="country_85"> Middle East and North Africa </a> <br/> <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/regions/157" id="country_157"> South Asia </a> <br/> <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/regions/166" id="country_166"> Sub-Saharan Africa </a> <br/> </span> </p> <p> <strong>Disease / Condition</strong> <br/> <span id="diseases"> <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/diseases/9" id="disease_9"> Cardiovascular Disease</a> <br/> <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/diseases/17" id="disease_17"> Diabetes</a> <br/> <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/diseases/20" id="disease_20"> Genitourinary Diseases</a> <br/> <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/diseases/24" id="disease_24"> Heart Disease</a> <br/> <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/diseases/27" id="disease_27"> High Blood Pressure</a> <br/> <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/diseases/36" id="disease_36"> Kidney Disease</a> <br/> <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/diseases/43" id="disease_43"> Maternal & Neonatal Conditions</a> <br/> <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/diseases/44" id="disease_44"> Maternal Conditions</a> <br/> <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/diseases/47" id="disease_47"> Neonatal Conditions</a> <br/> <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/diseases/49" id="disease_49"> Noncommunicable Diseases</a> <br/> </span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right_col"> <div class="contentblock"> <h2> Abstract </h2> <div id="chapter_image" style="float:left;margin-right:1em;margin-bottom:.3em;"> <img src="/web/20080129005409im_/http://www.dcp2.org/image/141/DCP_ch36.jpg" alt="SIU/Visuals Unlimited/Getty Images" title="SIU/Visuals Unlimited/Getty Images"/> </div> <p> Diseases of the kidney and urinary tract rank 12th among causes of death worldwide and 17th among causes of disability, and incidences of kidney disease and kidney failure are rising fastest in developing countries. Efforts to reduce the burden of end–stage renal disease (ESRD), such as renal replacement therapy (RRT) and hemodialysis, are becoming increasingly expensive or require costly ongoing interventions that render them unsuitable for developing countries that lack equipment, trained staff, and health insurance. <p><p>In the developing world?especially in low–income countries and tropical regions?kidney disease often takes the form of glomerulonephritis, and can also result from infectious diseases such as malaria and hepatitis B virus. Meanwhile, tuberculosis?a major killer in developing countries?can cause secondary urinary and kidney complications, including lesions that ultimately destroy the kidney. Malnutrition, among other factors, can lead to both bladder stones and kidney stones, which, left untreated, can progress to ESRD. Overall, the incidence of ESRD is increasing worldwide at a rate more than six times that of the annual population growth.<p> <p>The prevalence of ESRD means that more people require kidney transplants, but a large proportion of people living in the poorest countries die for lack of access to RRT. Improving the standard of living in developing countries is one step in combating diseases of the kidney and urinary system because poverty is associated with increased exposure to infectious diseases that increase susceptibility to chronic kidney disease. In this part of the world, the most cost–effective option is prevention?including screening relatives of ESRD patients, changing dietary habits, and administering blood pressure–reducing agents. Developing countries also need financial support to develop centers of excellence focusing on preventing kidney and urological diseases and improving care for renal failure. </p> </div> </div> <a name="outlineanchor"></a> <div class="right_col"> <div class="contentblock normal"> <h2> Sections </h2> <p>Click on the links below to read the full text.</p> <ul id="outline"> <li><a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/pubs/DCP/36/Section/5062" id="link_chapter_section_35341"> Intro </a> </li> <li><a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/pubs/DCP/36/Section/5063" id="link_chapter_section_34887"> Causes and Characteristics of the Burden of Diseases </a> </li> <li><a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/pubs/DCP/36/Section/5066" id="link_chapter_section_34888"> Causes of Diseases of the Kidney and Urinary System </a> </li> <li><a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/pubs/DCP/36/Section/5074" id="link_chapter_section_34889"> Global Perspectives in Relation to RRT </a> </li> <li><a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/pubs/DCP/36/Section/5099" id="link_chapter_section_34890"> Economic Benefits of Intervention </a> </li> <li><a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/pubs/DCP/36/Section/5101" id="link_chapter_section_34891"> Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience </a> </li> <li><a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/pubs/DCP/36/Section/5102" id="link_chapter_section_34892"> Research and Development Agenda </a> </li> <li><a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/pubs/DCP/36/Section/5108" id="link_chapter_section_34893"> Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls </a> </li> <li><a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/pubs/DCP/36/Section/5116" id="link_chapter_section_34894"> References </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="rightcol"> <div class="rightblock detail"> <div class="contentblock normal"> <div id="chapterparts"> <h3> Tables </h3> <ul id="tables" class="normal"> <li> 36.1 <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/pubs/DCP/36/Table/36.1" id="link_chapterPart_117525"> Contribution of Diseases of the Kidney and Urinary System to the Global Burden of Disease by Gender and Region <em>(thousands)</em> </a> </li><li> 36.2 <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/pubs/DCP/36/Table/36.2" id="link_chapterPart_117858"> Global Deaths Caused by Diseases of the Genitourinary System by Gender and Age </a> </li><li> 36.3 <a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/pubs/DCP/36/Table/36.3" id="link_chapterPart_117401"> Cost-Effectiveness of Selected Interventions for Kidney Disease </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"> </div> </div> <div class="copyright"> <div class="content"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/page/main/About.html" id="nav_about-dcpp">About</a>  | </li> <li><a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/page/main/ContactUs.html" id="nav_contactus">Contact Us</a>  | </li> <li><a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/page/main/Sitemap.html" id="nav_sitemap">Site Map</a>  | </li> <li><a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/page/main/Privacy.html" id="nav_privacy">Privacy Policy</a>  | </li> <li><a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/page/main/Terms.html" id="nav_terms">Terms Of Use</a>  | </li> <li><a href="/web/20080129005409/http://www.dcp2.org/page/main/Feedback.html" id="nav_feedback">Feedback</a></li> </ul> <span class="rights"> © 2006 The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved. </span> </div> </div> <div class="footer"> <div class="logos"><img src="/web/20080129005409im_/http://www.dcp2.org/images/logos_bottom.jpg" usemap="#logosMap" alt=""/></div> <map name="logosMap" id="logosMap"> <area shape="rect" target="_blank" coords="10,12,91,65" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080129005409/http://www.worldbank.org/" alt="The World Bank" title="The World Bank"/> <area shape="rect" target="_blank" coords="102,12,220,65" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080129005409/http://www.who.int/en" alt="World Health Organization" title="World Health Organization"/> <area shape="rect" target="_blank" coords="228,12,361,65" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080129005409/http://www.fic.nih.gov/" alt="John E. 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DCPP - 36. Diseases of the Kidney and the Urinary System