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Salad spinner - Wikipedia

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href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laktukcentrifugilo" title="Laktukcentrifugilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Laktukcentrifugilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essoreuse_%C3%A0_salade" title="Essoreuse à salade – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Essoreuse à salade" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangubeng_salad" title="Pangubeng salad – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pangubeng salad" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slacentrifuge" title="Slacentrifuge – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slacentrifuge" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Сушилица за салату – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сушилица за салату" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salladsslunga" title="Salladsslunga – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Salladsslunga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" 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decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Slacentrifuge.jpg/330px-Slacentrifuge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Slacentrifuge.jpg/440px-Slacentrifuge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Moulinex" title="Moulinex">Moulinex</a> crank-operated spinner</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lettuce_in_salad_spinner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lettuce_in_salad_spinner.jpg/220px-Lettuce_in_salad_spinner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lettuce_in_salad_spinner.jpg/330px-Lettuce_in_salad_spinner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lettuce_in_salad_spinner.jpg/440px-Lettuce_in_salad_spinner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>Interior colander filled with lettuces</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>salad spinner</b>, also known as a <b>salad tosser</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Kitchen_tool" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitchen tool">kitchen tool</a> used to wash and remove excess water from <a href="/wiki/Salad" title="Salad">salad</a> <a href="/wiki/Leaf_vegetable" title="Leaf vegetable">greens</a>. It uses <a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_force" title="Centrifugal force">centrifugal force</a> to separate the water from the leaves, enabling salad dressing to stick to the leaves without dilution. </p><p>Salad spinners are usually made from plastic and include an outer bowl with an inner removable <a href="/wiki/Colander" title="Colander">colander</a> or <a href="/wiki/Strainer" class="mw-redirect" title="Strainer">strainer</a> basket. A cover, which fits around the outside bowl, contains a spinning mechanism that when initiated causes the inside strainer to rotate rapidly. The water is driven through the slits in the basket into the outer bowl. There are a number of different mechanisms used to operate the device, including crank handles, push buttons and pull-cords. The salad spinner is generally easy to use, though its large and rigid shape has been criticized by food editor Leanne Kitchen and <i>Herald-Journal</i> reporter Mary Hunt. A salad spinner is often considered bulky and difficult to store. </p><p>Although devices used to wash, dry and spin salad have long been in existence, including one from the 19th century, the modern mechanism-operated spinner originated in the early 1970s. In 1974, the Mouli Manufacturing Co. introduced a crank-operated salad spinner to the American market; other companies were not far behind with their own patented variations. The product sold favorably and demand was high, with stores struggling to keep it in stock. Despite the product's popularity, however, it was not entirely without criticism; some were skeptical about the necessity of "another gourmet gadget".<sup id="cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hevrdejs_page1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salad_spinner&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the invention of the salad spinner is considered to be modern, earlier devices, including one from the 19th century, did exist and performed similar functions.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunt_2003_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunt_2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> When the salad spinner was introduced to the mass market in the 1970s, a number of other techniques and products were already available and employed for the drying of vegetables and salad. One such device was a wire basket dryer, in essence a collapsible colander, which could be shaken or spun to expel the excess water. This method has been criticized by some for its impracticalities and according to one writer, the process was "akin to standing near a dog that’s shaking himself dry."<sup id="cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hevrdejs_page2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Franey_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franey-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Another product was a wire lettuce dryer designed for use in the sink. A basket was fixed with suction cups to the bottom of the sink, and pushing a pump caused the basket to spin around a center post, often spraying expelled water on the operator.<sup id="cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hevrdejs_page2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Paper or fabric towels were also commonly used for drying salad and vegetables after washing, however the method was perceived as time-consuming and costly.<sup id="cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page2_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hevrdejs_page2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_patents">Early patents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salad_spinner&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Early patents"><span>edit</span></a><span 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.trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:488px;max-width:488px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patent_228222_Mantelet_Salad_Dryer_Figs_Page1_Crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Patent_228222_Mantelet_Salad_Dryer_Figs_Page1_Crop.jpg/150px-Patent_228222_Mantelet_Salad_Dryer_Figs_Page1_Crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Patent_228222_Mantelet_Salad_Dryer_Figs_Page1_Crop.jpg/225px-Patent_228222_Mantelet_Salad_Dryer_Figs_Page1_Crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Patent_228222_Mantelet_Salad_Dryer_Figs_Page1_Crop.jpg/300px-Patent_228222_Mantelet_Salad_Dryer_Figs_Page1_Crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="761" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:183px;max-width:183px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patent_3753297_Mantelet_Household_Drying_Machine_Figs_Page1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Patent_3753297_Mantelet_Household_Drying_Machine_Figs_Page1.jpg/181px-Patent_3753297_Mantelet_Household_Drying_Machine_Figs_Page1.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Patent_3753297_Mantelet_Household_Drying_Machine_Figs_Page1.jpg/272px-Patent_3753297_Mantelet_Household_Drying_Machine_Figs_Page1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Patent_3753297_Mantelet_Household_Drying_Machine_Figs_Page1.jpg/362px-Patent_3753297_Mantelet_Household_Drying_Machine_Figs_Page1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2334" data-file-height="1599" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patent_241495_Mantelet_Salad_Dryer_Figs_Page1_Crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Patent_241495_Mantelet_Salad_Dryer_Figs_Page1_Crop.jpg/145px-Patent_241495_Mantelet_Salad_Dryer_Figs_Page1_Crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Patent_241495_Mantelet_Salad_Dryer_Figs_Page1_Crop.jpg/218px-Patent_241495_Mantelet_Salad_Dryer_Figs_Page1_Crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Patent_241495_Mantelet_Salad_Dryer_Figs_Page1_Crop.jpg/290px-Patent_241495_Mantelet_Salad_Dryer_Figs_Page1_Crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1376" data-file-height="1172" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left/right/center">Patents filed by Jean Mantelet (from right to left): <i>Salad Dryer</i>, 1971. <i>Household Drying Machine</i>, 1971. <i>Salad Dryer</i>, 1974.</div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:309px;max-width:309px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patent_3885321_Fouineteau_Page2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Patent_3885321_Fouineteau_Page2.jpg/140px-Patent_3885321_Fouineteau_Page2.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Patent_3885321_Fouineteau_Page2.jpg/210px-Patent_3885321_Fouineteau_Page2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Patent_3885321_Fouineteau_Page2.jpg/280px-Patent_3885321_Fouineteau_Page2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1612" data-file-height="1532" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:163px;max-width:163px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patent_3885321_Fouineteau_Page1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Patent_3885321_Fouineteau_Page1.jpg/161px-Patent_3885321_Fouineteau_Page1.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Patent_3885321_Fouineteau_Page1.jpg/242px-Patent_3885321_Fouineteau_Page1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Patent_3885321_Fouineteau_Page1.jpg/322px-Patent_3885321_Fouineteau_Page1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="1325" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left/right/center">Patent drawings of Fouineteau's "Domestic Appliance for Drying Vegetables", 1973</div></div></div></div> <p>In 1971, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Mantelet" title="Jean Mantelet">Jean Mantelet</a> filed a patent for a "Salad Dryer," a hand-operated, centrifugally-driven device along with another called the "Household Drying Machine" which could also be used for salads.<sup id="cite_ref-Altus_Times_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Altus_Times-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mantelet1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mantelet1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mantelet2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mantelet2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mantelet was a prominent designer of domestic appliances and the founder of the French company <a href="/wiki/Moulinex" title="Moulinex">Moulinex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Moulinex_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moulinex-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He patented another salad dryer device in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-Mantelet3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mantelet3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mantelet was particularly proud of his salad dryer design.<sup id="cite_ref-Altus_Times_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Altus_Times-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Of the new product, one user commented that, "it saves shaking my salad basket out of the kitchen window."<sup id="cite_ref-Altus_Times_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Altus_Times-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gilberte Fouineteau, another French inventor, has been credited as the creator of the modern salad spinner. He filed a patent for a device in 1973. It too used centrifugal force to dry and drain vegetables and salads. The patent describes its difference being the removable basket and a lack of a central post.<sup id="cite_ref-Sobey2010_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sobey2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fouineteau_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fouineteau-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_market">American market</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salad_spinner&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: American market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Mouli Manufacturing Co., a kitchen supply brand, introduced the salad dryer to the American market in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hevrdejs_page1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page2_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hevrdejs_page2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Others companies soon followed with their own, similar versions of the device.<sup id="cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page2_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hevrdejs_page2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The salad spinner proved to be an immediate success however it was not without some skepticism.<sup id="cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hevrdejs_page1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page2_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hevrdejs_page2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The product received criticism for being “another gourmet gadget” and the latest piece of “kitchen junk” to add to the growing list of new appliances which included <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hot_dog_cooker&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hot dog cooker (page does not exist)">hot dog cookers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cookie_shooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Cookie shooter">cookie shooters</a> and electric <a href="/wiki/Potato_peeler" class="mw-redirect" title="Potato peeler">potato peelers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hevrdejs_page1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>“Salad spinner. Salad dryers. Lettuce spinners. Salad washers. Whatever they’re calling them, our group of paper towel diehards approached those plastic tubs with hesitance. Actually, for some, there was downright hostility.”</p><div class="templatequotecite">—&#8202;<cite>Judy Hevrdejs, <i>The Chicago Tribune</i>, 1979 <sup id="cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page1_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hevrdejs_page1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Despite reservations, the salad dryer was selling well in the American market. Over the five-year period since the product's introduction, sales of the dryer had quadrupled, with an estimated 500,000 units said to have been sold in 1978 alone. Cookware stores were unable to keep hold with demand and reported being out of stock of the device.<sup id="cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page1_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hevrdejs_page1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The product even appealed to skeptics and was thought to be a time saver compared to the “tedious hand method of patting dry each leaf” that was known for leaving "soggy linen" and towels.<sup id="cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page1_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hevrdejs_page1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A report at the time estimated that the money spent on a month's supply of paper towel reserved for drying lettuce could easily be enough to pay for a new salad dryer.<sup id="cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page2_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hevrdejs_page2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salad_spinner&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Salad spinners are usually made from plastic.<sup id="cite_ref-Kitchen2008_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kitchen2008-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The design is an outer bowl with an inner, removable <a href="/wiki/Colander" title="Colander">colander</a> or <a href="/wiki/Strainer" class="mw-redirect" title="Strainer">strainer</a> basket. A cover, which fits around the outside bowl, contains a spinning mechanism which causes the inside strainer to rotate rapidly.<sup id="cite_ref-Sobey2010_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sobey2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> There are a number of different mechanisms used to operate the device, including the use of a crank handle, push button or pull-cord.<sup id="cite_ref-Kitchen2008_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kitchen2008-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Crank or handle</dt> <dd>This is the original design, and still very popular. It works through a system of <a href="/wiki/Gears" class="mw-redirect" title="Gears">gears</a>. The handle or crank is turned in a circular motion, which rotates a gear. This is connected to another gear that turns the basket. Critics describe it as "cumbersome", saying the motion is awkward.<sup id="cite_ref-Vogel2005_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vogel2005-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The crank style is thought to require more physical effort than the other spinning mechanisms.<sup id="cite_ref-Kitchen2008_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kitchen2008-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vogel2005_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vogel2005-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Pull cord</dt> <dd>Operated by pulling a cord. This type is thought to be gentler on the greens than the push button method.<sup id="cite_ref-Costello2009_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Costello2009-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Push or pump button</dt> <dd>This spinner is operated by pushing down on a pump which initiates the basket spinning. There is a button which, when pressed, stops the centrifuge motion. There is also a lock to secure the pump down for easier storage.<sup id="cite_ref-Sobey2010_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sobey2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Costello2009_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Costello2009-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Electrically powered</dt> <dd>Scaled-up, electrically driven spinners are a more powerful version of the device. They are used in commercial or industrial operations and can spin many pounds of salad at one time.<sup id="cite_ref-Sackett2009_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sackett2009-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Katsigris2008_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katsigris2008-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salad_spinner&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salad_spinner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Salad_spinner.jpg/220px-Salad_spinner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Salad_spinner.jpg/330px-Salad_spinner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Salad_spinner.jpg/440px-Salad_spinner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A salad spinner in use</figcaption></figure> <p>Raw leaves in a salad need to be clean as well as dry. Salad which has not been properly washed can be potentially harmful, although generally the risk of illness is low. <i><a href="/wiki/Listeria" title="Listeria">Listeria</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/E._coli" class="mw-redirect" title="E. coli">E. coli</a></i>, and other causes of <a href="/wiki/Food_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Food poisoning">food poisoning</a><sup id="cite_ref-CerexheAshton2000_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CerexheAshton2000-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cdc_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdc-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> have been known to be present in unwashed salads. Costas Katsigris suggests that an increased rise in <a href="/wiki/Foodborne_illness" title="Foodborne illness">foodborne illness</a> outbreaks has encouraged the use of salad washers and spinners.<sup id="cite_ref-Katsigris2008_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katsigris2008-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Drying the leaves for the salad is important as <a href="/wiki/Salad_dressings" class="mw-redirect" title="Salad dressings">salad dressings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">oils</a> do not stick well to wet lettuce or salad leaves. Salad greens left in water for a long period of time will go limp, and fragile salad leaves can be easily damaged and bruised if handled harshly during the washing and drying process.<sup id="cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page2_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hevrdejs_page2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Katsigris2008_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katsigris2008-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The greens are placed in the colander section of the spinner and the container is filled with water. The floating salad is spun and left to sit before the water is poured out. This process can be repeated until no visible traces of dirt or sand remain. Once drained, the greens are spun, which generates a centripetal force that drives the excess moisture, through the perforation in the central strainer, to the outer bowl.<sup id="cite_ref-Sobey2010_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sobey2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bittman2008_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bittman2008-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salad spinners are considered to be an easy product to use and operate,<sup id="cite_ref-Kitchen2008_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kitchen2008-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> but have been criticized for being bulky, space-consuming and difficult-to-store.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunt_2003_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunt_2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kitchen2008_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kitchen2008-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salad_spinner&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hevrdejs_page1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page1_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page1_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page1_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hevrdejs_page1_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHevrdejs1979" class="citation news cs1">Hevrdejs, Judy (1979-07-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=S-hMAAAAIBAJ&amp;dq=lettuce%20dryer&amp;pg=6336%2C1060390">"Salad dryers are selling well"</a>. <i>Lakeland Ledger</i>. section 11E<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Chicago Review Press. pp.&#160;142–144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56976-281-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56976-281-3"><bdi>978-1-56976-281-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Way+Kitchens+Work%3A+The+Science+Behind+the+Microwave%2C+Teflon+Pan%2C+Garbage+Disposal%2C+and+More&amp;rft.pages=142-144&amp;rft.pub=Chicago+Review+Press&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-56976-281-3&amp;rft.aulast=Sobey&amp;rft.aufirst=Ed&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRDfCMTQPMucC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalad+spinner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fouineteau-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fouineteau_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US3885321">"Patent US3885321 - SHEET CZGF - Google Patents"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Murdoch Books. p.&#160;14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74196-200-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74196-200-0"><bdi>978-1-74196-200-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Greengrocer&amp;rft.pages=14&amp;rft.pub=Murdoch+Books&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-74196-200-0&amp;rft.aulast=Kitchen&amp;rft.aufirst=Leanne&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwORl6XW-_EIC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalad+spinner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vogel2005-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vogel2005_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vogel2005_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVogelCaganBoatwright2005" class="citation book cs1">Vogel, Craig M.; Cagan, Jonathan; Boatwright, Peter (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fY3_EocbN5YC"><i>The design of things to come: how ordinary people create extraordinary products</i></a>. Pearson Prentice Hall. p.&#160;95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-186082-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-186082-7"><bdi>978-0-13-186082-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+design+of+things+to+come%3A+how+ordinary+people+create+extraordinary+products&amp;rft.pages=95&amp;rft.pub=Pearson+Prentice+Hall&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-13-186082-7&amp;rft.aulast=Vogel&amp;rft.aufirst=Craig+M.&amp;rft.au=Cagan%2C+Jonathan&amp;rft.au=Boatwright%2C+Peter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfY3_EocbN5YC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalad+spinner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Costello2009-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Costello2009_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Costello2009_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCostello2009" class="citation book cs1">Costello, Lauren Braun (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/competentcookess0000cost"><i>The Competent Cook: Essential Tools, Techniques, and Recipes for the Modern At-Home Cook</i></a></span>. Adams Media. p.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/competentcookess0000cost/page/76">76</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60550-145-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60550-145-1"><bdi>978-1-60550-145-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Competent+Cook%3A+Essential+Tools%2C+Techniques%2C+and+Recipes+for+the+Modern+At-Home+Cook&amp;rft.pages=76&amp;rft.pub=Adams+Media&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-60550-145-1&amp;rft.aulast=Costello&amp;rft.aufirst=Lauren+Braun&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompetentcookess0000cost&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalad+spinner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sackett2009-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sackett2009_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSackettGisslenPestka2009" class="citation book cs1">Sackett, Lou; Gisslen, Wayne; Pestka, Jaclyn (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HEl6J-fr9kIC"><i>Professional Garde Manger: A Comprehensive Guide to Cold Food Preparation</i></a>. John Wiley and Sons. p.&#160;66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-17996-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-17996-3"><bdi>978-0-470-17996-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Professional+Garde+Manger%3A+A+Comprehensive+Guide+to+Cold+Food+Preparation&amp;rft.pages=66&amp;rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-470-17996-3&amp;rft.aulast=Sackett&amp;rft.aufirst=Lou&amp;rft.au=Gisslen%2C+Wayne&amp;rft.au=Pestka%2C+Jaclyn&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHEl6J-fr9kIC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalad+spinner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Katsigris2008-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Katsigris2008_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katsigris2008_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katsigris2008_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatsigrisThomas2008" class="citation book cs1">Katsigris, Costas; Thomas, Chris (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWB-QB8njYEC"><i>Design and equipment for restaurants and foodservice: a management view</i></a> (3&#160;ed.). John Wiley and Sons. p.&#160;489. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-76248-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-76248-5"><bdi>978-0-471-76248-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Design+and+equipment+for+restaurants+and+foodservice%3A+a+management+view&amp;rft.pages=489&amp;rft.edition=3&amp;rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-471-76248-5&amp;rft.aulast=Katsigris&amp;rft.aufirst=Costas&amp;rft.au=Thomas%2C+Chris&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZWB-QB8njYEC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalad+spinner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CerexheAshton2000-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CerexheAshton2000_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_CerexheJohn_Ashton2000" class="citation book cs1">Peter Cerexhe; John Ashton (31 January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ST7kwU6YsmIC&amp;pg=PA62"><i>Risky foods, safer choices: avoiding food poisoning</i></a>. UNSW Press. pp.&#160;62–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86840-522-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86840-522-3"><bdi>978-0-86840-522-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Risky+foods%2C+safer+choices%3A+avoiding+food+poisoning&amp;rft.pages=62-63&amp;rft.pub=UNSW+Press&amp;rft.date=2000-01-31&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-86840-522-3&amp;rft.au=Peter+Cerexhe&amp;rft.au=John+Ashton&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DST7kwU6YsmIC%26pg%3DPA62&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalad+spinner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cdc-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cdc_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/prevention.html">"CDC - Prevention - Listeriosis"</a>. Cdc.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=CDC+-+Prevention+-+Listeriosis&amp;rft.pub=Cdc.gov&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Flisteria%2Fprevention.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalad+spinner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bittman2008-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bittman2008_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBittmanWitschonke2008" class="citation book cs1">Bittman, Mark; Witschonke, Alan (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sE5Nvnga8qYC"><i>How to Cook Everything: 2,000 Simple Recipes for Great Food</i></a> (2&#160;ed.). John Wiley &amp; Sons. p.&#160;193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7645-7865-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7645-7865-6"><bdi>978-0-7645-7865-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=How+to+Cook+Everything%3A+2%2C000+Simple+Recipes+for+Great+Food&amp;rft.pages=193&amp;rft.edition=2&amp;rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7645-7865-6&amp;rft.aulast=Bittman&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rft.au=Witschonke%2C+Alan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsE5Nvnga8qYC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalad+spinner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐6696b4cc84‐fg4l6 Cached time: 20241122145915 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.361 seconds Real time usage: 0.460 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1583/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 35859/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1619/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 76730/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.185/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5565089/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 362.047 1 -total 58.29% 211.030 1 Template:Reflist 28.73% 104.008 5 Template:Cite_news 21.41% 77.524 1 Template:Short_description 12.28% 44.450 8 Template:Cite_book 12.11% 43.834 2 Template:Pagetype 7.18% 25.988 1 Template:Quote 6.21% 22.476 6 Template:Cite_web 6.07% 21.965 2 Template:Multiple_image 5.81% 21.028 4 Template:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:34034552:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241122145915 and revision id 1228136843. 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