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class="mw-page-title-main">Emperor Wen of Western Wei</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Emperor of Western Wei from 535 to 551</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Emperor Wen of Western Wei<br />西魏文帝</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Emperor of <a href="/wiki/Western_Wei" title="Western Wei">Western Wei</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">18 February 535<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 28 March 551</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaowu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei">Emperor Xiaowu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei" title="Northern Wei">Northern Wei</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Fei_of_Western_Wei" title="Emperor Fei of Western Wei">Yuan Qin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yuwen_Tai" title="Yuwen Tai">Yuwen Tai</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">507</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">28 March 551</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label">Yong Mausoleum (永陵)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;"><a href="/wiki/Family_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Family name">Family name</a>: Yuán (元)<br /><a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">Given name</a>: Bǎojù (寶炬)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Era name and dates</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Dàtǒng (大統): 535-551</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Emperor Wén (文皇帝, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> "civil")</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tuoba" title="Tuoba">Yuan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Western_Wei" title="Western Wei">Western Wei</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Emperor Wen of Western Wei</b> ((西)魏文帝) (507 – 28 March 551<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), personal name <b>Yuan Baoju</b> (元寶炬), was the first <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">emperor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Wei" title="Western Wei">Western Wei dynasty</a> of China. In 534, Yuan Baoju, then the Prince of Nanyang, followed his cousin <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaowu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei">Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei</a> in fleeing from the capital <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> to <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a>, after a fallout between Emperor Xiaowu and the paramount general <a href="/wiki/Gao_Huan" title="Gao Huan">Gao Huan</a>. However, Emperor Xiaowu's relationship to the general that he then depended on, <a href="/wiki/Yuwen_Tai" title="Yuwen Tai">Yuwen Tai</a>, soon deteriorated as well, and around the new year 535, Yuwen Tai poisoned Emperor Xiaowu to death, making Yuan Baoju emperor. As Gao Huan had, late in 534, made <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaojing_of_Eastern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei">Yuan Shanjian</a> (Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei)—the son of Emperor Wen's cousin Yuan Dan (元亶)—emperor, thus establishing the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wei" title="Eastern Wei">Eastern Wei</a>, Emperor Wen is therefore regarded as Western Wei's founding emperor, formalizing the division of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei" title="Northern Wei">Northern Wei</a> dynasty. Emperor Wen's relationship with Yuwen Tai appeared cordial, but he was unable to exercise much real power. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Wen_of_Western_Wei&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yuan Baoju was born in 507, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Tuoba" title="Tuoba">Tuoba</a> clan of the <a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a>. His father Yuan Yu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">元愉</span></span>), the Prince of Jingzhao, was the son of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaowen_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei">Emperor Xiaowen</a> and a younger brother of the reigning <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xuanwu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei">Emperor Xuanwu</a>. His mother was recorded as Yuan Yu's <a href="/wiki/Concubine" class="mw-redirect" title="Concubine">concubine</a> Yang Aofei (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">杨奥妃</span></span>). He had three other brothers, at least one of whom, Yuan Baoyue (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">元寶月</span></span>), was older, and born of Yang Aofei. </p><p>Yuan Yu favored Yang Aofei but not his wife, Princess Yu, a sister to Emperor Xuanwu's wife <a href="/wiki/Empress_Yu_(Northern_Wei)" title="Empress Yu (Northern Wei)">Empress Yu</a>. Consequently, Empress Yu once summoned Yang Aofei to the palace, beat her severely, and then forced her to become a <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> nun. Only after the intercession of Empress Yu's father Yu Jing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">于勁</span></span>) was Yang Aofei returned to Yuan Yu. Meanwhile, in 508, Yuan Yu himself was punished by Emperor Xuanwu for corruption. He was caned 50 times and demoted to the governorship of <a href="/wiki/Ji_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ji province">Ji Province</a> (冀州, modern central <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a>). In anger, he rebelled at the capital of Ji Province, Xindu (信都, in modern <a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a>), alleging falsely that Emperor Xuanwu's uncle <a href="/wiki/Gao_Zhao" title="Gao Zhao">Gao Zhao</a> had murdered the emperor and declaring himself emperor. Yuan Yu's rebellion was soon defeated by the general Li Ping (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李平</span></span>), and during his being delivered to the capital <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>, Gao had him killed. At that time, Yang Aofei was pregnant, and she was permitted to give birth and then was executed. Emperor Xuanwu did not execute any of Yuan Yu's sons, but had them, including Yuan Baoju, put under arrest at Zongzheng Temple (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">宗正寺</span></span>). Assuming that Yang Aofei and Lady Yang were in fact the same person, this also meant that Yuan Baoju grew up without either parent. He and his brothers remained at Zongzheng Temple and were released only after Emperor Xuanwu's death in 515. During the reign of Emperor Xuanwu's son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaoming_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei">Emperor Xiaoming</a>, Emperor Xiaoming's mother <a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Hu_(Northern_Wei)" title="Empress Dowager Hu (Northern Wei)">Empress Dowager Hu</a> posthumously recreated Yuan Yu the Prince of Lintao, and Yuan Baoju and his brothers then observed a mourning period for their parents. Yuan Baoyue inherited the title, but Yuan Baoju did not possess any titles at the moment, although he was made a general. Despite Empress Dowager Hu's rehabilitation of Yuan Yu, however, Yuan Baoju was not impressed at her toleration of corruption, particularly by her lovers, and he secretly plotted with Emperor Xiaoming to have her lovers killed. When this plot was discovered, he was stripped of the office he held. In 525, he married his wife <a href="/wiki/Empress_Yifu" title="Empress Yifu">Lady Yifu</a>, the daughter of a moderately prominent aristocratic family. (In his youth, Yuan Baoju was described by the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wei" title="Book of Wei">Book of Wei</a></i> as frivolous, alcoholic, and sexually immoral, but this description is highly suspect in that the <i>Book of Wei</i> was written by <a href="/wiki/Wei_Shou" title="Wei Shou">Wei Shou</a>, an official of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wei" title="Eastern Wei">Eastern Wei</a>, the rival of <a href="/wiki/Western_Wei" title="Western Wei">Western Wei</a>, for which Yuan Baoju would eventually become emperor.) In 528, Emperor Xiaoming created him the Marquess of Shao County, and in 530, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaozhuang_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei">Emperor Xiaozhuang</a> created him the Prince of Nanyang. </p><p>In 532, after several years of civil war, the victorious general <a href="/wiki/Gao_Huan" title="Gao Huan">Gao Huan</a> made Yuan Baoju's cousin <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaowu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei">Yuan Xiu</a> the Prince of Pingyang emperor (as Emperor Xiaowu). Emperor Xiaowu was not happy about Gao's hold on the military, and he entered into alliances with the independent generals <a href="/wiki/Yuwen_Tai" title="Yuwen Tai">Yuwen Tai</a> and Heba Sheng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">賀拔勝</span></span>), seeking to resist Gao's control. Yuan Baoju served in Emperor Xiaowu's administration as a general. In 534, Emperor Xiaowu planned to act against Gao, but Gao discovered his plan and instead marched on Luoyang. Emperor Xiaowu decided to flee to Yuwen's territory, and Yuan Baoju accompanied Emperor Xiaowu in doing so, arriving at <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> in late 534. Also accompanying Emperor Xiaowu was Yuan Baoju's sister Yuan Mingyue (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">元明月</span></span>) -- who was in an <a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">incestuous</a> relationship with Emperor Xiaowu. Yuwen did not tolerate Emperor Xiaowu's incestuous relationships with Yuan Mingyue and two other cousins, and eventually he had Yuan Mingyue killed. Emperor Xiaowu became angry, and his relationship with Yuwen deteriorated. Around the new year 535, Yuwen poisoned him to death. </p><p>Initially, Yuwen was poised to make Emperor Xiaowu's nephew Yuan Zan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">元贊</span></span>) the Prince of Guangping the new emperor. However, under suggestion of Yuan Shun (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">元順</span></span>) the Prince of Puyang, who argued that Yuan Zan was too young, Yuwen changed his mind and made Yuan Baoju, then 27, emperor instead (as Emperor Wen). As Gao had earlier declared <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaojing_of_Eastern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei">Yuan Shanjian</a>, the son of Yuan Baoju's cousin Yuan Dan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">元亶</span></span>) the Prince of Qinghe, emperor, Gao's territory became known as Eastern Wei, with Yuan Shanjian (Emperor Xiaojing) as emperor, and Yuwen's territory became known as Western Wei, with Emperor Wen as emperor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Wen_of_Western_Wei&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yuwen Tai publicly deferred to Emperor Wen on most matters, but Yuwen held actual power, with Emperor Wen not being able to exercise much independent authority. Throughout the early years of his reign, there were serious doubts as to whether Western Wei would survive, as Eastern Wei was then the much stronger state, and Gao Huan made repeated attempts to conquer Western Wei. However, with Yuwen and other generals capably defending the territory, Western Wei was able to withstand Gao's assaults. </p><p>In 535, Emperor Wen posthumously honored his father Yuan Yu as Emperor Wenjing, and he posthumously honored his mother Lady Yang as empress. He created his wife Princess Yifu empress, and her son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Fei_of_Western_Wei" title="Emperor Fei of Western Wei">Yuan Qin</a> <a href="/wiki/Crown_prince" title="Crown prince">crown prince</a>. His marriage with Empress Yifu was said to be a happy one, as she was virtuous and beautiful, and Emperor Wen respected her greatly. They had 12 children, although only Yuan Qin and Yuan Wu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">元戊</span></span>) the Prince of Wudu survived infancy. </p><p>In 538, with Western Wei under the threat of attack by <a href="/wiki/Rouran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rouran">Rouran</a>, Yuwen first tried to alleviate the situation by marrying a daughter of a member of the imperial clan to Yujiulü Tahan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">郁久閭塔寒</span></span>), the brother of Rouran's Chiliantoubingdoufa Khan <a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Anagui" title="Yujiulü Anagui">Yujiulü Anagui</a>, but then, believing that to be insufficient, he asked Emperor Wen to divorce Empress Yifu and marry <a href="/wiki/Empress_Yujiul%C3%BC" title="Empress Yujiulü">Yujiulü Anagui's daughter</a>. Emperor Wen agreed, and divorced Empress Yifu, making her a Buddhist nun. He then married Yujiulü Anagui's daughter and created her empress. For a while, this brought peace with Rouran. </p><p>Later in 538, with Western Wei then (temporarily) controlling the old Northern Wei capital Luoyang, but with Luoyang under attack, Emperor Wen (who had wanted to visit the imperial ancestral tombs in Luoyang) and Yuwen led troops to reinforce Luoyang's defenses, leaving the official Zhou Huida (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">周惠達</span></span>) and Crown Prince Qin in Chang'an. However, with the forces engaged in battle, Emperor Wen eventually became stuck at <a href="/wiki/Hengnong" class="mw-redirect" title="Hengnong">Hengnong</a> (恆農, in modern <a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>), when Chang'an was taken by rebelling former Eastern Wei troops who had been taken captive previously by Western Wei, forcing Zhou and Crown Prince Qin to flee as well. Yuwen was eventually able to disengage after abandoning Luoyang, and he put down the rebellion, allowing Emperor Wen to return to Chang'an. </p><p>Although the former Empress Yifu had been deposed and made a Buddhist nun, Empress Yujiulü was still not happy about her presence in the capital. In 540, Emperor Wen therefore made Yuan Wu the governor of Qin Province (秦州, roughly modern <a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>), and had Empress Yifu accompany Yuan Wu to Qin Province. However, because he still hoped to welcome her back to the palace one day, he secretly told her to keep her hair uncut, rather than shaved like a Buddhist nun. At this time (spring of 540), however, Rouran made a major attack on Western Wei, and many officials thought that the attack was on behalf of Empress Yujiulü. Emperor Wen felt compelled to order Empress Yifu to commit suicide, and he did; Empress Yifu was 31 (by East Asian reckoning) when she died.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon thereafter, Empress Yujiulü, who was pregnant, died during childbirth. </p><p>In 548, Yuwen and Yuan Qin were on a grand tour of the provinces when Emperor Wen grew ill, and when they heard the news, Yuwen returned to Chang'an quickly, although by the time they returned, Emperor Wen had recovered. </p><p>In 549, Emperor Wen issued an edict—probably as Yuwen requested—ordering that the names of the ethnic <a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Change_of_Xianbei_names_to_Han_names" title="Change of Xianbei names to Han names">changed to Han names</a> during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen, be changed back to the original Xianbei names. </p><p>In 550, Gao Huan's son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wenxuan_of_Northern_Qi" title="Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi">Gao Yang</a> forced Eastern Wei's Emperor Xiaojing to yield the throne to him, ending Eastern Wei and starting Northern Qi (as its Emperor Wenxuan). Emperor Wen therefore became the only claimant to the Northern Wei throne. Yuwen, declaring Northern Qi a rebel state, launched a major attack, but Gao Yang himself commanded a large army to defend against the attack, and Western Wei not only did not make gains, but lost a number of provinces to Northern Qi. </p><p>In March 551, Emperor Wen died and was buried with honors due an emperor, with Empress Yujiulü, although eventually Empress Yifu was buried with him. (It is not clear whether she displaced Empress Yujiulü or not.) <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Fei_of_Western_Wei" title="Emperor Fei of Western Wei">Yuan Qin</a> succeeded him (as Emperor Fei of Western Wei). Some scholars speculated that Emperor Wen was poisoned to death by Hu Zhi, an associate of Yuwen Tai who was put in charge of imperial diet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Wen_of_Western_Wei&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Parents</b> </p> <ul><li>Father: Yuan Yu, Emperor Wenjing (文景皇帝元愉; 488 – 508), son of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaowen_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei">Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei</a></li> <li>Mother: Empress Wenjing, of the Yang clan (文景皇帝杨氏, 481 – 9 December 509), personal name Aofei (奥妃)</li></ul> <p><b>Consort and issue(s):</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Yifu" title="Empress Yifu">Empress Wen</a>, of the Yifu clan (文皇后乙弗氏, 510 – spring 540, married 525) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Fei_of_Western_Wei" title="Emperor Fei of Western Wei">Yuan Qin</a>, Emperor Fei (廢帝元欽, 525? – 554), 1st son</li> <li>Yuan Wu, Prince of Wudu (武都王元戊), 3rd son</li> <li><i>Unnamed ten children</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Empress Dao, of the Yujiulü clan (悼皇后郁久閭氏, 525 – 540) <ul><li><i>Unnamed child</i> (540)</li></ul></li> <li>Concubine, of the Xi clan (嫔席氏) personal name Huihua (晖华), daughter of Xi Qi, Governor of Qinzhou (刺史席器) <ul><li>Yuan Ru, Prince of Yan (燕王元儒, d. 557 ),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 9th son</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Humo" title="Yuan Humo">Princess Jin'an</a> (晋安公主, d. 616), personal name Humo (胡摩), 5th daughter <ul><li>married <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaomin_of_Northern_Zhou" title="Emperor Xiaomin of Northern Zhou">Emperor Xiaomin of Northern Zhou</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lady Yuan (元氏) <ul><li>married Xin Wei (辛威), Duke of Su (宿国公)</li></ul></li> <li>Lady Yuan (元氏) <ul><li>married Li Yan (李衍), Duke of Zhenxiang (真乡郡公)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Unknown <ul><li>Yuan Jin, Prince of Jin (晋王元謹, d. 547), 2nd son</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gong_of_Western_Wei" title="Emperor Gong of Western Wei">Yuan Kuo</a>, Emperor Gong (恭帝元廓 537? – 557), 4th son</li> <li>Yuan Jian, Prince of Liang (梁王元儉), 5th son</li> <li>Yuan Ning, Prince of Zhao (趙王元寧, d. 557),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 6th son</li> <li>Seventh son</li> <li>Eight son</li> <li>Princess Jinming (金明公主), 1st daughter <ul><li>married <a href="/wiki/Yuchi_Jiong" title="Yuchi Jiong">Yuchi Jiong</a> (尉遲迥) and had issue (one daughter)</li></ul></li> <li>Princess Guangning (广宁公主, 543 – 590), 3rd daughter <ul><li>married Yu Yi (于仪), a son of Yu Jin (于谨)</li></ul></li> <li>Princess Yiyang (义阳公主) <ul><li>married Dou Zhao (窦照), a son of Dou Yi (窦毅), and had issue (one son)</li></ul></li> <li>Princess Xiangle (襄樂公主) <ul><li>married Wei Shikang (韦世康) a son of Wei Xiong (韦夐), and had issue ( three sons)</li></ul></li> <li>Lady Yuan (元氏) <ul><li>married Yuwen Zhen, Duke Songxian (宋獻公宇文震), a son of <a href="/wiki/Yuwen_Tai" title="Yuwen Tai">Yuwen Tai</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Wen_of_Western_Wei&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>wu'shen</i> day of the 1st month of the 1st year of the <i>Da'tong</i> era, per Emperor Wen's biography in <i>Bei Shi</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>gengxu</i> day of the 3rd month of the 17th year of the <i>Datong</i> era, per Emperor Wen's biography in volume 5 of <i>Bei Shi</i>. His biography also indicated that he was 45 (by East Asian reckoning) when he died.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">（时新都关中，务欲东讨，蠕蠕寇边，未遑北伐，故帝结婚以抚之。于是更纳悼后，命后逊居别宫，出家为尼。悼后犹怀猜忌，复徙后居秦州，依子秦州刺史武都王。帝虽限大计，恩好不忘，后密令养发，有追还之意。然事秘禁，外无知者。 [大统]六年春，蠕蠕举国度河，前驱已过夏，颇有言虏为悼后之故兴比役。帝曰：“岂有百万之众为一女子举也？虽然，致此物论，朕亦何颜以见将帅邪！”乃遣中常侍曹宠赍手敕令后自尽。后奉敕，挥泪谓宠曰：“愿至尊享千万岁，天下康宁，死无恨也。”因命武都王前，与之决。遗语皇太子，辞皆凄怆，因恸哭久之。侍御咸垂涕失声，莫能仰视。召僧设供，令侍婢数十人出家，手中落发。事毕，乃入室，引被自覆而崩，年三十一。) <i>Bei Shi</i>, vol.13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Died young</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Later Duke of Yan Commandery</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Executed in 557 by Yuwen Hu</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">later Duke of Wei Commande </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northern_Dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Northern Dynasties">History of Northern Dynasties</a></i>, vol. 5 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080226102916/http://ef.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/ccw/02/bs01.htm">[1]</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zizhi_Tongjian" title="Zizhi Tongjian">Zizhi Tongjian</a></i>, vols. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91:%E7%AC%AC156%E5%8D%B7" class="extiw" title="s:zh:資治通鑑:第156卷">156</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91:%E7%AC%AC157%E5%8D%B7" class="extiw" title="s:zh:資治通鑑:第157卷">157</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91:%E7%AC%AC158%E5%8D%B7" class="extiw" title="s:zh:資治通鑑:第158卷">158</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91:%E7%AC%AC159%E5%8D%B7" class="extiw" title="s:zh:資治通鑑:第159卷">159</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91:%E7%AC%AC160%E5%8D%B7" class="extiw" title="s:zh:資治通鑑:第160卷">160</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91:%E7%AC%AC161%E5%8D%B7" class="extiw" title="s:zh:資治通鑑:第161卷">161</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91:%E7%AC%AC162%E5%8D%B7" class="extiw" title="s:zh:資治通鑑:第162卷">162</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91:%E7%AC%AC163%E5%8D%B7" class="extiw" title="s:zh:資治通鑑:第163卷">163</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91:%E7%AC%AC164%E5%8D%B7" class="extiw" title="s:zh:資治通鑑:第164卷">164</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wei" title="Book of Wei">Book of Wei</a></i>, vol. 22 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060219000343/http://ef.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/ccw/02/nw03.htm">[2]</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaowu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei">Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Northern_Wei" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of Northern Wei">Emperor of Northern Wei</a> (Western) </b><br />535–551 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Fei_of_Western_Wei" title="Emperor Fei of Western Wei">Emperor Fei of Western Wei</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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(Sixteen Kingdoms)">state of Dai</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chieftains of the <a href="/wiki/Tuoba" title="Tuoba">Tuoba</a> clan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unified rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuoba_Mao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuoba Mao (page does not exist)">Tuoba Mao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuoba_Huo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuoba Huo (page does not exist)">Tuoba Huo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuoba_Guan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuoba Guan (page does not exist)">Tuoba Guan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuoba_Lou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuoba Lou (page does not exist)">Tuoba Lou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuoba_Yue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuoba Yue (page does not exist)">Tuoba Yue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuoba_Tuiyin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuoba Tuiyin (page does not exist)">Tuoba Tuiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuoba_Li&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuoba Li (page does not exist)">Tuoba Li</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuoba_Qi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuoba Qi (page does not exist)">Tuoba Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuoba_Si_(chieftain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuoba Si (chieftain) (page does not exist)">Tuoba Si</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuoba_Ji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuoba Ji (page does not exist)">Tuoba Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuoba_Gai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuoba Gai (page does not exist)">Tuoba Gai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuoba_Kuai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuoba Kuai (page does not exist)">Tuoba Kuai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuoba_Lin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuoba Lin (page does not exist)">Tuoba Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Jiefen" title="Tuoba Jiefen">Tuoba Jiefen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Liwei" title="Tuoba Liwei">Tuoba Liwei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuoba_Shamohan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuoba Shamohan (page does not exist)">Tuoba Shamohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Xilu" title="Tuoba Xilu">Tuoba Xilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Chuo" title="Tuoba Chuo">Tuoba Chuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Fu" title="Tuoba Fu">Tuoba Fu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divided rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Luguan" title="Tuoba Luguan">Tuoba Luguan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Yituo" title="Tuoba Yituo">Tuoba Yituo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Pugen" title="Tuoba Pugen">Tuoba Pugen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Yilu" title="Tuoba Yilu">Tuoba Yilu</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Re-unified rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Yilu" title="Tuoba Yilu">Tuoba Yilu</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rulers of <a href="/wiki/Dai_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Yilu" title="Tuoba Yilu">Tuoba Yilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Pugen" title="Tuoba Pugen">Tuoba Pugen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Tuoba_Pugen" title="Son of Tuoba Pugen">Son of Tuoba Pugen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Yul%C3%BC" title="Tuoba Yulü">Tuoba Yulü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Heru" title="Tuoba Heru">Tuoba Heru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Hena" title="Tuoba Hena">Tuoba Hena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Yihuai" title="Tuoba Yihuai">Tuoba Yihuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Hena" title="Tuoba Hena">Tuoba Hena</a> <small>(re-succession)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Yihuai" title="Tuoba Yihuai">Tuoba Yihuai</a> <small>(restoration)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Shiyiqian" title="Tuoba Shiyiqian">Tuoba Shiyiqian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Daowu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei">Emperor Daowu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">Emperors</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei" title="Northern Wei">Northern Wei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Posthumously<br />honoured</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honoured</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuoba_Shi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuoba Shi (page does not exist)">Tuoba Shi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Huang" title="Tuoba Huang">Tuoba Huang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuan_Shao_(prince)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuan Shao (prince) (page does not exist)">Yuan Shao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuan_Yu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuan Yu (page does not exist)">Yuan Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuan_Huai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuan Huai (page does not exist)">Yuan Huai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honoured then <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">posthumous</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">temple name</a> retracted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Xie" title="Yuan Xie">Yuan Xie</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ruling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Daowu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei">Emperor Daowu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Mingyuan_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei">Emperor Mingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taiwu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei">Emperor Taiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Yu" title="Tuoba Yu">Prince Yin of Nan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wencheng_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei">Emperor Wencheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xianwen_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei">Emperor Xianwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaowen_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei">Emperor Xiaowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xuanwu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei">Emperor Xuanwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaoming_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei">Emperor Xiaoming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daughter_of_Emperor_Xiaoming_of_Northern_Wei" title="Daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei">Daughter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Zhao" title="Yuan Zhao">Youzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaozhuang_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei">Emperor Xiaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Ye_(emperor)" title="Yuan Ye (emperor)">Prince of Changguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jiemin_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Jiemin of Northern Wei">Emperor Jiemin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Lang" title="Yuan Lang">Emperor Houfei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaowu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei">Emperor Xiaowu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Self-proclaimed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuan_Yu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuan Yu (page does not exist)">Yuan Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuan_Faseng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuan Faseng (page does not exist)">Yuan Faseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Hao" title="Yuan Hao">Yuan Hao</a></li> <li>Yuan Yue</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Emperors of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wei" title="Eastern Wei">Eastern Wei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaojing_of_Eastern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei">Emperor Xiaojing</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Emperors of <a href="/wiki/Western_Wei" title="Western Wei">Western Wei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Posthumously<br />honoured</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuan_Yu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuan Yu (page does not exist)">Yuan Yu</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ruling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emperor Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Fei_of_Western_Wei" title="Emperor Fei of Western Wei">Emperor Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gong_of_Western_Wei" title="Emperor Gong of Western Wei">Emperor Gong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Emperor_Mingyuan_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei">Mingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taiwu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei">Taiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Yu" title="Tuoba Yu">Prince Yin of Nan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wencheng_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei">Wencheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xianwen_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei">Xianwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaowen_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei">Xiaowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xuanwu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei">Xuanwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaoming_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei">Xiaoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughter_of_Emperor_Xiaoming_of_Northern_Wei" title="Daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei">Daughter of Xiaoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Zhao" title="Yuan Zhao">Youzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaozhuang_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei">Xiaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Ye_(emperor)" title="Yuan Ye (emperor)">Prince of Changguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jiemin_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Jiemin of Northern Wei">Jiemin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Lang" title="Yuan Lang">Houfei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaowu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei">Xiaowu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wei" title="Eastern Wei">Eastern Wei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaojing_of_Eastern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei">Xiaojing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Wei" title="Western Wei">Western Wei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Fei_of_Western_Wei" title="Emperor Fei of Western Wei">Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gong_of_Western_Wei" title="Emperor Gong of Western Wei">Gong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Qi" title="Northern Qi">Northern Qi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wenxuan_of_Northern_Qi" title="Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi">Wenxuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Fei_of_Northern_Qi" title="Emperor Fei of Northern Qi">Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaozhao_of_Northern_Qi" title="Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi">Xiaozhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wucheng_of_Northern_Qi" title="Emperor Wucheng of Northern Qi">Wucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Wei" title="Gao Wei">Houzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Heng" title="Gao Heng">Youzhu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Zhou" title="Northern Zhou">Northern Zhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaomin_of_Northern_Zhou" title="Emperor Xiaomin of Northern Zhou">Xiaomin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ming_of_Northern_Zhou" title="Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou">Ming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Northern_Zhou" title="Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xuan_of_Northern_Zhou" title="Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou">Xuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jing_of_Northern_Zhou" title="Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou">Jing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Xia" title="Template:Kings of Xia">Xia</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Shang" title="Template:Kings of Shang">Shang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Zhou" title="Template:Kings of Zhou">Zhou</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Qin" title="Template:Monarchs of Qin">Qin</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Han_emperors" title="Template:Han emperors">Han</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Three_Kingdoms_emperors" title="Template:Three Kingdoms emperors">3 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_emperors_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Template:Jin emperors (266–420)">Jìn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Sixteen_Kingdoms_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Sixteen Kingdoms rulers">16 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_dynasties_emperors" title="Template:Southern dynasties emperors">S. Dynasties</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Northern_dynasties_emperors" title="Template:Northern dynasties emperors">N. Dynasties</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Sui_emperors" title="Template:Sui emperors">Sui</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Tang_emperors" title="Template:Tang emperors">Tang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_rulers" title="Template:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms rulers">5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Liao_emperors" title="Template:Liao emperors">Liao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Song_emperors" title="Template:Song emperors">Song</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Western_Xia_emperors" title="Template:Western Xia emperors">W. Xia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_emperors_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Template:Jin emperors (1115–1234)">Jīn</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Yuan_emperors" title="Template:Yuan emperors">Yuan</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Ming_emperors" title="Template:Ming emperors">Ming</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Qing_emperors" title="Template:Qing emperors">Qing</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Presidents of the Republic of China">ROC</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Paramount_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Paramount leaders of the People's Republic of China">PRC</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Yujiulü_clan_of_Rouran_tribeKhagans_of_Rouran_(includes_chieftains,_members,_noblemen,_consorts_and_descendants)634" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rouran_rulers" title="Template:Rouran rulers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rouran_rulers" title="Template talk:Rouran rulers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rouran_rulers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rouran rulers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Yujiulü_clan_of_Rouran_tribeKhagans_of_Rouran_(includes_chieftains,_members,_noblemen,_consorts_and_descendants)634" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_clan" title="Yujiulü clan">Yujiulü clan</a> of Rouran tribe<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate#Rulers_of_the_Rouran" title="Rouran Khaganate">Khagans</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate" title="Rouran Khaganate">Rouran</a> (includes chieftains, members, noblemen, consorts and descendants)</small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Pre-khaganate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unified rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Mugul%C3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Yujiulü Mugulü">Mugulü</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Cheluhui" title="Yujiulü Cheluhui">Cheluhui</a>→<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yujiul%C3%BC_Tunugui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yujiulü Tunugui (page does not exist)">Tunugui</a>→<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yujiul%C3%BC_Bati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yujiulü Bati (page does not exist)">Bati</a>→<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yujiul%C3%BC_Disuyuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yujiulü Disuyuan (page does not exist)">Disuyuan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divided rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yujiul%C3%BC_Pihouba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yujiulü Pihouba (page does not exist)">Pihouba</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yujiul%C3%BC_Wenheti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yujiulü Wenheti (page does not exist)">Wenheti</a>→<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yujiul%C3%BC_Heduohan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yujiulü Heduohan (page does not exist)">Heduohan</a>&<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Shelun" title="Yujiulü Shelun">Shelun</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Re-unified rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yujiul%C3%BC_Heduohan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yujiulü Heduohan (page does not exist)">Heduohan</a>&<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Shelun" title="Yujiulü Shelun">Shelun</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Epitaph_of_Furen.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Epitaph of Yujiulü Furen (郁久闾伏仁), died on 29 November 586"><img alt="Epitaph of Yujiulü Furen (郁久闾伏仁), died on 29 November 586" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Epitaph_of_Furen.png/120px-Epitaph_of_Furen.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Epitaph_of_Furen.png/250px-Epitaph_of_Furen.png 1.5x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="592" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Former Khaganate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Unified_rule(fanli)44" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unified rule<br /><small>(<i>fanli</i>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Shelun" title="Yujiulü Shelun">Shelun</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Hul%C3%BC" title="Yujiulü Hulü">Hulü</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Buluzhen" title="Yujiulü Buluzhen">Buluzhen</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Datan" title="Yujiulü Datan">Datan</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Wuti" title="Yujiulü Wuti">Wuti</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Tuhezhen" title="Yujiulü Tuhezhen">Tuhezhen</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Yucheng" title="Yujiulü Yucheng">Yucheng</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Doulun" title="Yujiulü Doulun">Doulun</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Nagai" title="Yujiulü Nagai">Nagai</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Middle Khaganate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unified rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Futu" title="Yujiulü Futu">Futu</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Chounu" title="Yujiulü Chounu">Chounu</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Anagui" title="Yujiulü Anagui">Anagui</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Poluomen" title="Yujiulü Poluomen">Poluomen</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divided rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ejin_Banner" title="Ejin Banner">Xihai</a> rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Poluomen" title="Yujiulü Poluomen">Poluomen</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guyang_County" title="Guyang County">Huaishuo</a> rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Anagui" title="Yujiulü Anagui">Anagui</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Re-unified rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Anagui" title="Yujiulü Anagui">Anagui</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Later Khaganate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Divided_rule12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divided rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Tiefa" title="Yujiulü Tiefa">Tiefa</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Dengzhu" title="Yujiulü Dengzhu">Dengzhu</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Kangti" title="Yujiulü Kangti">Kangti</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Anluochen" title="Yujiulü Anluochen">Anluochen</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Dengshuzi" title="Yujiulü Dengshuzi">Dengshuzi</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Members, noblemen, consorts<br /> and descendants of the Yujiulü clan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puhun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puhun (page does not exist)">Puhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consort_Yujiul%C3%BC_(Northern_Yan)" title="Consort Yujiulü (Northern Yan)">Zhaoyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Zuo_Zhaoyi" title="Lu Zuo Zhaoyi">Zuo Zhaoyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consort_Yujiul%C3%BC_(Northern_Yan)" title="Consort Yujiulü (Northern Yan)">Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Yu" title="Tuoba Yu">Tuoba Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Pi" title="Lü Pi">Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yujiul%C3%BC_Ruowen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yujiulü Ruowen (page does not exist)">Ruowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Ruru" title="Princess Ruru">Ruru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Linhe" title="Princess Linhe">Chidilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Yujiul%C3%BC" title="Empress Yujiulü">Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Furen" title="Yujiulü Furen">Furen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ru_Zhijuan" title="Ru Zhijuan">Ru Zhijuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Anyi" title="Wang Anyi">Wang Anyi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">related people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afuzhiluo" title="Afuzhiluo">Afuzhiluo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axian_Shad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axian Shad (page does not exist)">Ashina Natalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumin_Qaghan" title="Bumin Qaghan">Ashina Tumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqan_Qaghan" title="Muqan Qaghan">Ashina Yandou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xuanwu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei">Tuoba Ke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaoming_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei">Tuoba Xu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tuoba Baoju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wen_of_Sui" title="Emperor Wen of Sui">Puliuru Jian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:transparent; padding:0;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Mugul%C3%BC#Descendants_of_Mugulü" class="mw-redirect" title="Yujiulü Mugulü">Family tree</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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